Not all networks are created equal. Brocade Ethernet Fabrics, as joined in the IBM Flex EN4023 embedded switch, revolutionizes by automating and optimizing your network, enabling you to reduce total cost of ownership, not just capital expenses. Lab tests have validated the Opex and Capex advantages of VCS Ethernet Fabrics over traditional networking. Learn how customers have reduced network infrastructure requirements by 25% and increases the networks performance by up to 30%. See how Dynamic Ports on Demand can save hardware costs. Learn the dramatic Operational impact VCS Fabric switches have on decreasing time to deploy the network by 79% and decreasing the time to implement network changes by 85%.
Advanced Networking: The Critical Path for HPC, Cloud, Machine Learning and moreinside-BigData.com
In this deck from the 2018 Swiss HPC Conference, Erez Cohen from Mellanox presents: Advanced Networking: The Critical Path for HPC, Cloud, Machine Learning and more.
"While InfiniBand, RDMA and GPU-Direct are an HPC mainstay, these advanced networking technologies are increasingly becoming a core differentiator to the data center. In fact, within just a few short years so far, where only a handful of bleeding edge industrial leaders emulated classic HPC disciplines, today almost every commercial market is usurping HPC technologies and disciplines in mass. Additionally, with the rampant adoption of demanding workloads like Machine Learning, cloud to on premise providers are now deploying the same advanced networking technologies and delivering the same core capabilities and performance as traditional HPC environments. These same data centers embracing AI are also driving the increased adoption of complex technologies including containers and virtualization that must also be optimized for performance, optimal profit and operational efficiency. In this talk we explore how high performance networking has emerged from HPC to become the critical path for the cloud, machine learning and much more."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-ixP
Learn more: http://mellanox.com
and
http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/events/2018/swiss-workshop/agenda.php
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Not all networks are created equal. Brocade Ethernet Fabrics, as joined in the IBM Flex EN4023 embedded switch, revolutionizes by automating and optimizing your network, enabling you to reduce total cost of ownership, not just capital expenses. Lab tests have validated the Opex and Capex advantages of VCS Ethernet Fabrics over traditional networking. Learn how customers have reduced network infrastructure requirements by 25% and increases the networks performance by up to 30%. See how Dynamic Ports on Demand can save hardware costs. Learn the dramatic Operational impact VCS Fabric switches have on decreasing time to deploy the network by 79% and decreasing the time to implement network changes by 85%.
Advanced Networking: The Critical Path for HPC, Cloud, Machine Learning and moreinside-BigData.com
In this deck from the 2018 Swiss HPC Conference, Erez Cohen from Mellanox presents: Advanced Networking: The Critical Path for HPC, Cloud, Machine Learning and more.
"While InfiniBand, RDMA and GPU-Direct are an HPC mainstay, these advanced networking technologies are increasingly becoming a core differentiator to the data center. In fact, within just a few short years so far, where only a handful of bleeding edge industrial leaders emulated classic HPC disciplines, today almost every commercial market is usurping HPC technologies and disciplines in mass. Additionally, with the rampant adoption of demanding workloads like Machine Learning, cloud to on premise providers are now deploying the same advanced networking technologies and delivering the same core capabilities and performance as traditional HPC environments. These same data centers embracing AI are also driving the increased adoption of complex technologies including containers and virtualization that must also be optimized for performance, optimal profit and operational efficiency. In this talk we explore how high performance networking has emerged from HPC to become the critical path for the cloud, machine learning and much more."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-ixP
Learn more: http://mellanox.com
and
http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/events/2018/swiss-workshop/agenda.php
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Under the Armor of Knights Corner: Intel MIC Architecture at Hotchips 2012Intel IT Center
George Chrysos, the leading architect of Intel Xeon Phi co-processor shared the new architecture details of upcoming Intel's HPC powerhouse. Designed for highly-parallel applications, Intel Xeon Phi co-processor based on Intel Mani Integrated Core architecture will deliver the combination of industry leading performance per watt with the ability to re-use the existing code and applications without necessity of re-writing them. Equipped with more than 50 cores and built using Intel's latest 22nm 3D Tri-gate transistor technology, new co-processors will be in production this year with first supercomputers from top500 list already taking advantage of this technology.
Erez Cohen & Aviram Bar Haim, Mellanox - Enhancing Your OpenStack Cloud With ...Cloud Native Day Tel Aviv
Erez Cohen & Aviram Bar Haim, Mellanox - Enhancing Your OpenStack Cloud With Advanced Network and Storage Interconnect Technologies, OpenStack Israel 2015
High-performance 32G Fibre Channel Module on MDS 9700 Directors:Tony Antony
To better serve the new application requirements, Cisco is introducing a New high-performance Analytics ready 32G Fibre Channel Module on MDS 9700 Directors and a new 32G Host Bus Adapter for UCS C-series. The end to end 32G FC support across Cisco DC platforms set new standards for Storage Networking providing customers with choice. Along with this announcement, Cisco is also announcing NVMe over Fabric support on MDS 9000 Series enabling customers to take advantage of the performance and low latency benefits offered by the new technology to scale efficiently in the post-flash environments.
SAN Extension Design and Solutions
Help your organization ensure data is backed up and available, both locally and remotely. Expert guidance on the pros and cons of various SAN design options, and which to choose
Learn from Cisco experts in this technical session as we cover the following:
•How to achieve the desired recovery time objective and recovery point objective for the business
•Pros and cons of various SAN extension solution designs, and which one to choose
•Cisco solutions and products for SAN extension using native Fibre Channel (FC), Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP) protocols
•Best practices collected from a decade’s worth of experience with some of the largest deployments in the world
•Configuration guidelines/best practices to increase the return on your investment
•Guidelines for increasing performance and security while lowering solution costs
Fibre channel and nv me trusted meets fastPoulSmith
Technological advances in the enterprise data center involving Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe)-based Solid-State Storage (SSS) devices are allowing many folks to change their perception of Fibre Channel.
Webinar: NVMe, NVMe over Fabrics and Beyond - Everything You Need to KnowStorage Switzerland
NVMe is an industry standard protocol designed specifically for memory-based storage like flash drives. It unleashes flash arrays from the chains of SCSI that hold it back. Register for our live webinar and learn what NVMe and NVMe over Fabrics are, what the advantage of NVMe is over traditional SCSI protocols and how to go beyond the NVMe basics to fully tap into the potential of memory-based storage.
Authenticated Key Exchange Protocols for Parallel Network File Systems1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
Linux is usually at the edge of implementing new storage standards, and NVMe over Fabrics is no different in this regard. This presentation gives an overview of the Linux NVMe over Fabrics implementation on the host and target sides, highlighting how it influenced the design of the protocol by early prototyping feedback. It also tells how the lessons learned during developing the NVMe over Fabrics, and how they helped reshaping parts of the Linux kernel to support NVMe over Fabrics and other storage protocols better."
This presentation was delivered at LinuxCon Japan 2016 by Christoph Hellwig
This short paper discusses the work happening in the Fibre Channel Industry Association's T-11 committee to develop a new low latency protocol for a flash drive world. This paper is an excellent introduction to it.
The Performance of NVMe™ Flash in Shared StorageSHOPSAITECH
Western Digital’s OpenFlex™ Data24 NVMe-oF™ storage platform extends the high performance of NVMe™ flash to shared storage. It provides low-latency sharing of NVMe SSDs over a high-performance Ethernet fabric to deliver similar
performance to locally attached NVMe SSDs.
Know more: https://www.shopsaitech.com/ProductDetail/WD-OpenFlex-Data24-24-SN840-92/263647071/false/1ES2116
Excelero was inspired by how Tech Giants like Amazon, Facebook and Google have redefined IT for web-scale applications, leveraging standard servers and shared-nothing architectures to ensure maximum operational efficiency and flexibility, and to provide the highest reliability. Their approach is referred to as the Software-defined Data Center (SDDC). Based on the same architectural principles and with the same objectives, Excelero has designed a Software-Defined Block Storage solution utilizing client-side services for scale-out applications.
Visit http://www.excelero.com to learn more
Under the Armor of Knights Corner: Intel MIC Architecture at Hotchips 2012Intel IT Center
George Chrysos, the leading architect of Intel Xeon Phi co-processor shared the new architecture details of upcoming Intel's HPC powerhouse. Designed for highly-parallel applications, Intel Xeon Phi co-processor based on Intel Mani Integrated Core architecture will deliver the combination of industry leading performance per watt with the ability to re-use the existing code and applications without necessity of re-writing them. Equipped with more than 50 cores and built using Intel's latest 22nm 3D Tri-gate transistor technology, new co-processors will be in production this year with first supercomputers from top500 list already taking advantage of this technology.
Erez Cohen & Aviram Bar Haim, Mellanox - Enhancing Your OpenStack Cloud With ...Cloud Native Day Tel Aviv
Erez Cohen & Aviram Bar Haim, Mellanox - Enhancing Your OpenStack Cloud With Advanced Network and Storage Interconnect Technologies, OpenStack Israel 2015
High-performance 32G Fibre Channel Module on MDS 9700 Directors:Tony Antony
To better serve the new application requirements, Cisco is introducing a New high-performance Analytics ready 32G Fibre Channel Module on MDS 9700 Directors and a new 32G Host Bus Adapter for UCS C-series. The end to end 32G FC support across Cisco DC platforms set new standards for Storage Networking providing customers with choice. Along with this announcement, Cisco is also announcing NVMe over Fabric support on MDS 9000 Series enabling customers to take advantage of the performance and low latency benefits offered by the new technology to scale efficiently in the post-flash environments.
SAN Extension Design and Solutions
Help your organization ensure data is backed up and available, both locally and remotely. Expert guidance on the pros and cons of various SAN design options, and which to choose
Learn from Cisco experts in this technical session as we cover the following:
•How to achieve the desired recovery time objective and recovery point objective for the business
•Pros and cons of various SAN extension solution designs, and which one to choose
•Cisco solutions and products for SAN extension using native Fibre Channel (FC), Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP) protocols
•Best practices collected from a decade’s worth of experience with some of the largest deployments in the world
•Configuration guidelines/best practices to increase the return on your investment
•Guidelines for increasing performance and security while lowering solution costs
Fibre channel and nv me trusted meets fastPoulSmith
Technological advances in the enterprise data center involving Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe)-based Solid-State Storage (SSS) devices are allowing many folks to change their perception of Fibre Channel.
Webinar: NVMe, NVMe over Fabrics and Beyond - Everything You Need to KnowStorage Switzerland
NVMe is an industry standard protocol designed specifically for memory-based storage like flash drives. It unleashes flash arrays from the chains of SCSI that hold it back. Register for our live webinar and learn what NVMe and NVMe over Fabrics are, what the advantage of NVMe is over traditional SCSI protocols and how to go beyond the NVMe basics to fully tap into the potential of memory-based storage.
Authenticated Key Exchange Protocols for Parallel Network File Systems1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
Linux is usually at the edge of implementing new storage standards, and NVMe over Fabrics is no different in this regard. This presentation gives an overview of the Linux NVMe over Fabrics implementation on the host and target sides, highlighting how it influenced the design of the protocol by early prototyping feedback. It also tells how the lessons learned during developing the NVMe over Fabrics, and how they helped reshaping parts of the Linux kernel to support NVMe over Fabrics and other storage protocols better."
This presentation was delivered at LinuxCon Japan 2016 by Christoph Hellwig
This short paper discusses the work happening in the Fibre Channel Industry Association's T-11 committee to develop a new low latency protocol for a flash drive world. This paper is an excellent introduction to it.
The Performance of NVMe™ Flash in Shared StorageSHOPSAITECH
Western Digital’s OpenFlex™ Data24 NVMe-oF™ storage platform extends the high performance of NVMe™ flash to shared storage. It provides low-latency sharing of NVMe SSDs over a high-performance Ethernet fabric to deliver similar
performance to locally attached NVMe SSDs.
Know more: https://www.shopsaitech.com/ProductDetail/WD-OpenFlex-Data24-24-SN840-92/263647071/false/1ES2116
Excelero was inspired by how Tech Giants like Amazon, Facebook and Google have redefined IT for web-scale applications, leveraging standard servers and shared-nothing architectures to ensure maximum operational efficiency and flexibility, and to provide the highest reliability. Their approach is referred to as the Software-defined Data Center (SDDC). Based on the same architectural principles and with the same objectives, Excelero has designed a Software-Defined Block Storage solution utilizing client-side services for scale-out applications.
Visit http://www.excelero.com to learn more
Most medium and large-sized IT organizations have deployed several generations of virtualized servers, and they have become more comfortable with the performance and reliability with each deployment. As IT organizations increased virtual machine (VM) density, they reached the limits of vSphere software, server memory, CPU, and I/O.
A new VM engine is now available and this document describes how it can help IT organizations maximize use of their servers running VMware® vSphere® 5.1 (henceforth referred to as vSphere 5.1).
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys at Amazon.pdf
Nv me over_fabrics
1. NVM Express® Moves Into The Future
NVM Express® (NVMe™) is a new and innovative method of accessing storage media and has been
capturing the imagination of data center professionals worldwide. The momentum behind NVMe has
been increasing since it was introduced in 2011. In fact, NVMe technology is expected to improve along
two dimensions over the next couple of years: improvements in latency and the scaling up of the
number of NVMe devices in large solutions.
NVMe over Fabrics
NVM Express over Fabrics defines a common
architecture that supports a range of storage
networking fabrics for NVMe block storage
protocol over a storage networking fabric. This
includes enabling a front-side interface into
storage systems, scaling out to large numbers of
NVMe devices and extending the distance within
a datacenter over which NVMe devices and
NVMe subsystems can be accessed.
Work on the NVMe over Fabrics specification
began in 2014 with the goal of extending NVMe
onto fabrics such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel and
InfiniBand®. NVMe over Fabrics is designed to
work with any suitable storage fabric technology.
This specification was published in June 2016.
Two types of fabric transports for NVMe are currently under development:
NVMe over Fabrics using RDMA
NVMe over Fabrics using Fibre Channel (FC-NVMe)
Using RDMA with NVMe over Fabrics includes any of the RDMA technologies, including InfiniBand, RoCE
and iWARP. The development of NVMe over Fabrics with RDMA is defined by a technical sub-group of
the NVM Express organization.
FC-NVMe, the NVMe over Fabrics initiative relating to Fibre Channel-based transport, is being developed
by the INCITS T11 committee, which develops all of the Fibre Channel interface standards. As part of this
development work, FC-NVMe is also expected to work with Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE).
The goal of NVMe over Fabrics is to provide distance connectivity to NVMe devices with no more than
10 microseconds (µs) of additional latency over a native NVMe device inside a server. NVMe over
Fabrics solutions are expected to begin to become available in 2016.
2. Use Cases
There are several use cases for NVMe over Fabrics. One can easily imagine a storage system comprised
of many NVMe devices, using NVMe over Fabrics with either an RDMA or Fibre Channel interface,
making a complete end-to-end NVMe storage solution. This system would provide extremely high
performance while maintaining the very low latency available via NVMe.
Another implementation would use NVMe over Fabrics to achieve the low latency while connected to a
storage subsystem that uses more traditional protocols internally to handle I/O to each of the SSDs in
that system. This would gain the benefits of the simplified host software stack and lower latency over
the wire, while taking advantage of existing storage subsystem technology.
3. Peering Over the Horizon into the Future
As we move further into 2016, we can expect additional optimization of the host-side code path for
NVMe to become available, further reducing overall latency to approximately 100 µs as seen by the host
computer. In addition, the industry will provide solutions that can scale to hundreds of NVMe devices
into what might be called “rack scale” shared storage solutions.
Looking ahead into 2017 and beyond, we expect availability of the first of the “post-flash” non-volatile
memory solutions that utilize the NVMe protocol running on a new type of storage media, resulting in
latencies of approximately 20-25 µs as seen by the host computer. At the same time, the NVMe over
Fabrics solutions will begin to provide significant scaling to thousands of NVMe devices in a large shared
storage solution providing storage to hundreds or thousands of application processing cores.
NVMe over Fabrics Technical Characteristics
Obviously, transporting NVMe commands across a network requires special considerations over and
above those that are determined for local, in-storage memory. For instance, in order to transmit NVMe
protocol over a distance, the ideal underlying network or fabric technology will have the following
characteristics:
Reliable, credit-based flow control and delivery mechanisms. This type of flow control allows
the network or fabric to be self-throttling, providing a reliable connection that can guarantee
delivery at the hardware level without the need to drop frames or packets due to congestion.
Credit-based flow control is native to Fibre Channel, InfiniBand and PCI Express® transports.
An NVMe-optimized client. The client software should be able to send and receive native NVMe
commands directly to and from the fabric without having to use a translation layer such as SCSI.
4. A low-latency fabric. The fabric itself should be optimized for low latency. The fabric should
impose no more than 10 µs of latency end-to-end, including the switches.
Reduced latency and CPU utilization adapters or interface cards. The adapter should be able to
register direct memory regions for the applications to use so that the data to be transmitted can
be passed directly to the hardware fabric adapter.
Fabric scaling. The fabric should be able to scale out to tens of thousands of devices or more.
Multi-Host support. The fabric should be able to support multiple hosts actively sending and
receiving commands at the same time. This also applies to multiple storage subsystems.
Multi-port support. The host servers and the storage systems should be able to support
multiple ports simultaneously.
Multi-path support. The fabric should be able to support multiple paths simultaneously
between any NVMe host initiator and any NVMe storage target.
The large number (64K) of separate I/O queues and inherent parallelism of these NVMe I/O queues can
work well with the type of fabrics described above. Each of the 64K I/O queues can support 64K
commands simultaneously, making it capable of implementation in very large fabrics. Furthermore, the
small number of commands in the NVMe command set makes it relatively straightforward to implement
in a variety of fabric environments.
Differences between local NVMe and NVMe over Fabrics
Approximately 90% of the NVMe over Fabrics protocol is the same as the local NVMe protocol. This
includes the NVMe namespaces, I/O and administrative commands, registers and properties, power
states, asynchronous events, reservations and others. The key differences are in four areas, listed in the
table below.
Differences PCI Express (PCIe) NVMe over Fabrics
Identifier Bus/Device/Function NVMe Qualified Name (NQN)
Discovery Bus Enumeration Discovery and Connect commands
Queueing Memory-based Message-based
Data Transfers PRPs or SGLs SGLs only, added Key
PRP: Physical Region Page (physical memory page address, PCIe transport only)
SGL: Scatter-Gather List (list of locations and lengths for read or write requests)
These differences are primarily interesting to developers of NVMe products, as their device drivers need
to properly handle both local NVMe devices and remote NVMe devices. Some of these items, such as
the Identifier, may be exposed to end-users to help identify specific NVMe devices for specific
applications. The discovery mechanism is designed to work with multiple types of transports.
5. NVMe Transport Mapping
In a local NVMe implementation, NVMe commands and responses are mapped to shared memory in a
host over the PCIe interface. However, fabrics are built on the concept of sending and receiving
messages without shared memory between the end points. The NVMe fabric message transports are
designed to encapsulate NVMe commands and responses into a message-based system by using
“capsules” that include one or more NVMe commands or responses. The capsules or combination of
capsules and data are independent of the specific fabric technology and are sent and received over the
desired fabric technology.
For NVMe over Fabrics, the entire NVMe multi-queue model is maintained, using normal NVMe
submission queues and completion queues, but encapsulated over a message-based transport. The
NVMe I/O queue pair (submission and completion) is designed for multi-core CPUs, and this low-latency
efficient design is maintained in NVMe over Fabrics.
When sending complex messages to an NVMe over Fabrics device, the capsules allow multiple small
messages to be sent as one message, which improves the efficiency of the transmission and reduces
latency. The capsule is either a submission queue entry or a completion queue entry combined with
some amount of data, metadata or Scatter-Gather Lists (SGLs). The content of the elements is the same
as local NVMe protocol, but the capsule is a way to package them together for improved efficiency.
6. NVMe Qualified Name (NQN)
One of the key benefits of a storage fabric is the inherent intelligence used to maintain consistency
across all devices. In this case, NVMe over Fabrics uses a familiar qualified naming addressing
convention.
The NVMe Qualified Name (NQN) is used to identify the remote NVMe storage target. It is similar to an
iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN). Additional details on NVMe qualified names are described in section 7.9 of
the NVMe Base specification, available at http://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/.
Protocol Type Example
NVMe NQN nqn.2014-08.com.vendor:nvme:nvm-subsystem-sn-d78432
iSCSI IQN iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:dmrtk-srvr-m
7. Conclusion
NVMe over Fabrics is poised to extend the low-latency efficient NVMe block storage protocol over
fabrics to provide large-scale sharing of storage over distance. NVMe over Fabrics maintains the
architecture and software consistency of the NVMe protocol across different fabric types, providing the
benefits of NVMe regardless of the fabric type or the type of non-volatile memory used in the storage
target. The next few years will be very exciting for the industry!
NVM Express and the NVM Express logo are registered trademarks, and NVMe is a trademark of NVM Express, Inc.
All other names mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.