health

2. Nutrition
 Nutrition is a basic human needs that changes
through out the life cycle and along the wellness.
 Food provide nutrition for both the body and the
mind.

3. physical factors that influence
nutrient requirement
 They are various reasons a person's nutrient
requirement may differ.
 Some are permanent, such as gender, whereas
others are temporary, such as pregnancy.

4. Development consideration
Through the life cycle, nutrient needs change in
relation to growth, development, activity, age-
related changes in metabolism and body
composition.
Period of intense growth and development, such
as during infant, adolescence, pregnancy, and
lactation, cause an increase in nutrient needs.
Nutrient needs stabilize during adulthood,
although older people may need more or less of
some nutrients.
Age influences not only nutrient requirements but
also food intake.

5. Gender
 Men differ from women in their nutrients
requirement due to differences in body
composition and reproductive function.
 Their larger muscle mass translates into higher
caloric and protein requirement (and there fore
slightly higher needs calories and protein) because
muscle is more metabolically active than adipose
tissue (women have a proportionately more
adipose tissue).
 Women of childbearing age have higher iron
requirement related to menstruation.

6. Health states
 The alteration in nutrient requirement that results
from illness and trauma varies with the intensity
and duration of the stress.
 For instances, fever increase the need for calories
and water.
 Trauma like major surgery, burns, and crush
injuries, is followed by hormonal changes that
deeply affect the body's use of nutrients.

7. Medication
 Many drugs have the potential to influence
nutrient requirements.
 Nutrient may be altered by drugs that the PH of
the GI tract, increase GI motility, damage the
intestinal mucosa, or connect with nutrients.

8. Monitoring nutritional status
 Nutritional status has a significant impact on both
health and disease, good nutritional status can
help to maintain health, promote normal growth
and development, and protect against disease.
 During illness, good nutritional status can reduce
the risk for complication and speed for recovery
time.
 Poor nutritional status can increase the risk for
illness or death.
 Health care provide are aware that malnourished
patient are more likely to have slower wound
healing and to develop complications.

9. Stimulating appetite
 Pain, illness, anxiety, and medications can
contribute to anorexia and poor intake when in a
healthcare facility or in the home.
 Loss of control over food choices, the way of food
prepared, when and how food is helped, and
eating alone may do little to encourage normal
eating.

10. Assisting with eating
 The loss of independence that comes with the
inability to self-feed can be a low to person's self-
esteem.
 The following measures may help a person
maintain dignity while being fed.
Provide appropriate drinks.
 Sit at the patient's eye level and make eye contact
to create a more relaxed.

11. Providing Enteral nutrition
 Oral feeding is the preferred and most effective
method of feeding patients.
 The next best method is the Enteral route.
 Enteral nutrition involves passing a tube into the
GI tract to administer a formula containing
adequate nutrients.
 Gastric feedings have the advantage of allowing
the stomach to be used as a natural reservoir,
regulating the amount of foods and liquids
released into small intestine.

12. Nasogastric tube

13. Nasogastric tube
• Nasogastric tube: A tube that is passed through
the nose and down through the nasopharynx and
esophagus into the stomach.
• Abbreviated NG tube. It is a flexible tube made of
rubber or plastic
• The tube inserted through mouth, nose , or
abdominal ( gastrostomy )
• The tube short , medium , long

14. Length
• Size 14-18
• Made of plastic with opening near tip
• It is 125 cm long
• Circular markings on the tube serve as insertion
guides

15. Con…

16. Purpose of Inserting Nasogastric tube
 To administer tube feeding and medications to
clients unable to eat by mouth or swallow a
sufficient diet without aspirating food or fluids
into the lungs
 To establish a means for suctioning stomach
contents to prevent gastric distention ,nausea, and
vomiting.
 To remove stomach contents for laboratory
analysis
 To wash the stomach in case of poisoning or
overdose of medications.

17. Con…
 To drain fluid or air from the stomach.
 To promote healing after bowel surgery.
 To monitor bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract.
 To help treat an intestinal obstruction.

18. Assessment & Preparations:
 Presence of gag reflex
 Mental status or ability to cooperate with
procedure
 Explain procedure to patient.
 Assist the patient to high Fowler's position.
 Drape chest with disposable pad

19. Assess the client nares
 Ask client to hyperextend the head & using
flashlight
 Observe
 Examine the patient’s nostril for septal deviation.
To determine which nostril is more patent, ask the
patient to occlude each nostril and breathe
through the other

20. Equipment:
 Nasogastric tube
Adult - 16-18F
 Oral analgesic spray (Benzocaine spray or other)
 Oral syringe, 12 mL
 Glass of water
 lubricant
 Disposable pad & gloves
 Marker
 Flashlight .
 Stethoscope.

22. Nasogastric tube lubrication with water-
based lubricant.

23. Inserting NG tube
 Check the order
 Explain procedure to the patient
 Prepare equipment.
 Assess patients abdomen
 Wash hands.
 Wear disposable gloves.
 Assist patient high FOWLERS position or 45
 Check nares for potency by asking pt to occlude
one nostril and breath normally through other
 Measure the distance to insert tube by placing tip
of tube at client's nostril and extending to tip of
ear lobe and then to tip of xiphoid process.

24. Area of NG tube to be go through

25. Con…
 Patient flexing his neck and drinking water while a
Nasogastric tube is inserted

26. How to secure NG tube.

27. Con…
Keep advancing tube until tape marking is
reached.
Do not use force, rotate tube if it meets resistance.
Discontinue procedure and remove tube if
there are signs of distress.
Determine tube is in patients stomach

28. Con…
 Remove disposable gloves.
 Wash hands.
 Remove all equipment.
 Keep the client at comfortable position.
 Assist with or provide oral hygiene at regular
intervals.

29. Complications
Minor complications include Nose bleeding,
sinusitis, and a sore throat.
Sometimes more significant complications occur
including
 esophageal perforation
pulmonary aspiration,
a collapsed lung

30. Any question