This document provides a historical overview of physical education in London, England. It discusses the origins of organized sports and gymnastics in private schools in the 19th century. Swedish gymnastics were introduced and gained popularity led by practitioners who trained in Sweden. An amendment in 1871 allowed drill in public school curriculum, taught mainly using military methods. The national curriculum implemented in 1989 mandated physical education for ages 5-16 for the first time. Currently, guidelines recommend 60 minutes of daily physical activity for students, with 30 minutes in school. On average, secondary students receive 124 minutes of PE weekly, reducing to 98 minutes in later years. The Department for Education oversees children's services and education policy in England.

1. Historical
Foundation

2. Comparative Analysis of
Physical Education in London,
Brazil and Philippines

3. Physical Education as
part of the curriculum
Governing bodies of
Education
Class size and total
number of hours for
P.E. class per day/ per
week
Teacher’s Salary

4. 01
LONDON

5. In England, recent years have
witnessed unprecedented central
government policy commitment
to investment in physical
education and sport.
History

6. The rationale for investment variously lies with the state
of the health of the nation, rising levels of obesity
amongst the population in general and young people of
school age.
They observed that young people gives up almost all
physical activities as soon as they leave school (Kelso,
2002).

7. ● Organized games and
competitive sports associated
with 19th century private
boarding schools; and physical
training associated initially
with military drill and then
Swedish therapeutic
gymnastics in the Ling
tradition in state elementary
schools from 1871 onwards.

8. It was the likes of Swedish Central Gymnastics
Institute graduates Indebetou, (1838), Ehrenhoff
(1840) and Georgii (1849) who, through courses and
with the aid of pamphlets, introduced Swedish
‘Medical Gymnastics’ based on Per Henrik Ling’s
system into the country.

9. Hungarian immigrant, Mathias Roth, a
homeopathic medical practitioner,
championed the cause of this form of
medical gymnastics because of its held
therapeutic values for homeopathic
‘medicine’ and perceived wider
benefits.

10. The Swedish case was enhanced
by London School Board
invitations to Concordia Löfving
(1878) and Martina Bergman,
later Bergmann-Osterberg, (1881)
to develop training programmes
for elementary school teachers.
An amendment to the Act in 1871
permitted the inclusion of drill in
the curriculum. These initial
‘physical education’ pro-
grammes reflected methods
utilized by the Army; indeed in
the last thirty years of the 19th
century, part-time ex-army, non-
commissioned personnel taught
much of the permitted ‘military
drill’ syllabus.

11. An amendment to the Act in 1871 permitted the inclusion of
drill in the curriculum. These initial ‘physical education’
programs reflected methods utilized by the Army; indeed in
the last thirty years of the 19th century,
part-time ex-army, non-commissioned personnel
taught much of the permitted ‘military drill’ syllabus.

12. After over a century of state-
provided education, a government
sponsored national curriculum
for children aged 5-16 was
implemented in phases
in England (and Wales) in 1989
with physical education introduced
as a statutorily required curriculum
subject in 1992 for the first time in
its history.
The National Curriculum
was intended to provide
a broad and balanced
curricular framework for 5-
16 year olds,

13. After over a century of state-provided education, a
government sponsored national curriculum
for children aged 5-16 was implemented in phases
in England (and Wales) in 1989 with physical
education introduced as a statutorily required
curriculum subject in 1992 for the first time in its
history.
The National Curriculum was intended to
provide a broad and balanced curricular
framework for 5-16 year olds, through which
there would be an all-round improvement in the
quality of the teaching process and learning
experiences.

14. Half of the 20 th century was
from the ‘doing’ child,
through the ‘doing and
thinking’ child to the ‘reflective
thinking’ child of the post-1990s
physical education national
curriculum era.

15. Class size and
Class hours in
Physical
Education

16. 35.3%
Mercury is the
smallest one
65%
Jupiter is the
biggest one
35.3 minutes spent in a PE
lesson within the ‘working
area’ (for example, a school
hall, field or swimming pool).
This shows that a
considerable number of
minutes each lesson are
being lost to non-physical
activity.

17. 35.3%
Mercury is the
smallest one
65%
Jupiter is the
biggest one
35.3 minutes spent in a PE
lesson within the ‘working
area’ (for example, a school
hall, field or swimming pool).
This shows that a
considerable number of
minutes each lesson are
being lost to non-physical
activity.

18. In July 2019, the Government
published a School Sport and Activity
Action Plan. The Plan sets out an
ambition that all children should
have access to 60 minutes of
physical activity every day, with at
least 30 minutes taking place in
schools and the remaining 30
minutes taking place outside
school.

19. Two hours of PE is timetabled per
week for each class through which
we develop core skills to enable the
children to become well rounded
sportsmen and women as set out in
the National Curriculum.

20. Key stage 3 pupils receive an average of
124 minutes of curriculum PE each week,
reducing to an average of 98 minutes in key
stage 4

24. The Department for Education is
responsible for children's services and
education, including early years,
schools, higher and further education
policy, apprenticeships and wider
skills in England. DfE is a ministerial
department, supported by 18
agencies and public bodies.

25. Teacher’s
Salary

27. 02
Brazil

29. Process
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
Venus has a
beautiful name
Saturn is the ringed
planet
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Mars is a cold place

30. Definition of
Concepts
Mercury
Mercury is the smallest
planet
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place
Saturn
It’s composed of hydrogen
and helium
Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

31. Features of
the Topic
Mercury
It’s the closest planet to
the Sun
Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet
Mars
Mars is actually a cold
place

32. Practical Uses
of This
Subject
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to the
Sun
Jupiter
It’s a gas giant and
the biggest planet

33. Problem
Neptune is the fourth-
largest planet in the
Solar System
Solution
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System

34. Insert Your
Multimedia
Content
Here
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
full of iron oxide dust

35. Overview
Diagram
30%
Mercury is
smallest one
Venus is the
second one
Mars is a cold
place
Saturn has rings

37. Review of Concepts
Mercury
Mercury is the
Smallest planet
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mars
Mars is actually a
cold place
Jupiter
It’s a giant and the
biggest one
Saturn
Saturn is the
ringed one
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet

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