The document discusses content mapping, which involves separating content, structure, and presentation to allow for reuse. It defines key concepts like content objects, which are chunks of information organized by topic. Content objects can have different levels of granularity. Information typing specifies the purpose of content independent of format. Common types include procedures, topics, and facts. The methodology aims to increase formality in corporate information without undue investment.
Media Asset Management (MAM) focuses on optimizing, publishing, hosting and distributing rich media assets like audio and video across multiple channels. Digital Asset Management (DAM) refers to managing assets from creation through production. DAM is better for organizations that produce many of their own assets, while MAM is more suitable for those that mainly distribute externally-created content. MAM can work together with content management systems and other platforms to provide centralized control over rich media publishing and reporting across different channels.
Content management involves managing all types of digital information throughout its lifecycle, including text, images, video, and more. It encompasses content creation, organization, storage, search, retrieval, preservation, and other functions. Effective content management helps organizations reuse content, integrate information sources, improve communications, and gain productivity benefits. However, most business information exists as unstructured data, which poses management challenges. Trends include growing volumes of web content, use of content management in more channels, and demand for better handling of unstructured information.
PZVDesign is a digital content and contents mall developed by PZVDesign Inc. It provides design digital content and is a platform for various digital materials. The company PZVDesign Inc. created this online mall for design content and materials.
The document provides a recommendation to upgrade the University's CMS from MySource Classic to MySource Matrix. It summarizes a risk analysis conducted to evaluate the suitability of this upgrade path. Key points:
- The current CMS is aging with several issues identified regarding usability, integration, functionality and more.
- An analysis was conducted of the University's requirements, risks of upgrading, experiences of other institutions, and a comparison of CMS products.
- All of the University's mandatory requirements were met by MySource Matrix. All identified risks of upgrading were assessed as minor or low.
- Based on meeting requirements, low risk analysis, and expected benefits like reduced costs, it is recommended the University upgrades to
Pzv Using Graphics In Power Point Presentationsprashantdubey
The document discusses using graphics and visual elements in PowerPoint presentations to improve organization and engagement. It provides examples of using blocks, lists, concepts, charts, graphs, tables, titles, maps and other design elements. The key message is that visual elements can enhance presentations but the content should remain the most important focus.
The document discusses best practices for developing a metadata strategy in eight steps. It recommends starting with defining what metadata means for your organization and its goals. Then identify the key metadata components needed to meet those goals, such as content type, product, keywords, etc. The next steps involve identifying metadata values through controlled vocabularies, assigning roles and tasks, customizing a taxonomy, and ongoing maintenance. Developing the strategy gradually and getting input from various teams helps streamline the process.
SIKM - KM & Employee Experience at BlendCurtis Conley
The document provides an overview of knowledge management (KM) workstreams and efforts to align KM with the digital employee experience at Blend. Key points include:
- Three 2022 KM workstreams are discussed: establishing a common document sharing platform, implementing a content publishing platform, and rolling out an enterprise search tool.
- Feedback from employees highlighted challenges with information overload, inconsistent knowledge sharing practices, and difficulty finding information across multiple tools.
- The vision is to create a holistic digital employee experience through streamlining knowledge sharing and delivering tools/platforms coherently.
- Future areas of focus include coordinating the KM vision across teams, establishing information architecture standards, evolving distributed work practices,
This presentation from Joe Hilger, Founder and COO of Enterprise Knowledge was presented at the KM Showcase 2020 in Arlington, VA on March 5th. The presentation addresses why knowledge management is the foundation for successful artificial intelligence. Hilger provides reasoning and examples for why taxonomy, content strategy, governance, and KM leadership are foundational requirements for organization's pursuing recommender systems, chat bots, and much more. Lastly, he defines Knowledge Artificial Intelligence and provides a brief overview of knowledge graphs.
Media Asset Management (MAM) focuses on optimizing, publishing, hosting and distributing rich media assets like audio and video across multiple channels. Digital Asset Management (DAM) refers to managing assets from creation through production. DAM is better for organizations that produce many of their own assets, while MAM is more suitable for those that mainly distribute externally-created content. MAM can work together with content management systems and other platforms to provide centralized control over rich media publishing and reporting across different channels.
Content management involves managing all types of digital information throughout its lifecycle, including text, images, video, and more. It encompasses content creation, organization, storage, search, retrieval, preservation, and other functions. Effective content management helps organizations reuse content, integrate information sources, improve communications, and gain productivity benefits. However, most business information exists as unstructured data, which poses management challenges. Trends include growing volumes of web content, use of content management in more channels, and demand for better handling of unstructured information.
PZVDesign is a digital content and contents mall developed by PZVDesign Inc. It provides design digital content and is a platform for various digital materials. The company PZVDesign Inc. created this online mall for design content and materials.
The document provides a recommendation to upgrade the University's CMS from MySource Classic to MySource Matrix. It summarizes a risk analysis conducted to evaluate the suitability of this upgrade path. Key points:
- The current CMS is aging with several issues identified regarding usability, integration, functionality and more.
- An analysis was conducted of the University's requirements, risks of upgrading, experiences of other institutions, and a comparison of CMS products.
- All of the University's mandatory requirements were met by MySource Matrix. All identified risks of upgrading were assessed as minor or low.
- Based on meeting requirements, low risk analysis, and expected benefits like reduced costs, it is recommended the University upgrades to
Pzv Using Graphics In Power Point Presentationsprashantdubey
The document discusses using graphics and visual elements in PowerPoint presentations to improve organization and engagement. It provides examples of using blocks, lists, concepts, charts, graphs, tables, titles, maps and other design elements. The key message is that visual elements can enhance presentations but the content should remain the most important focus.
The document discusses best practices for developing a metadata strategy in eight steps. It recommends starting with defining what metadata means for your organization and its goals. Then identify the key metadata components needed to meet those goals, such as content type, product, keywords, etc. The next steps involve identifying metadata values through controlled vocabularies, assigning roles and tasks, customizing a taxonomy, and ongoing maintenance. Developing the strategy gradually and getting input from various teams helps streamline the process.
SIKM - KM & Employee Experience at BlendCurtis Conley
The document provides an overview of knowledge management (KM) workstreams and efforts to align KM with the digital employee experience at Blend. Key points include:
- Three 2022 KM workstreams are discussed: establishing a common document sharing platform, implementing a content publishing platform, and rolling out an enterprise search tool.
- Feedback from employees highlighted challenges with information overload, inconsistent knowledge sharing practices, and difficulty finding information across multiple tools.
- The vision is to create a holistic digital employee experience through streamlining knowledge sharing and delivering tools/platforms coherently.
- Future areas of focus include coordinating the KM vision across teams, establishing information architecture standards, evolving distributed work practices,
This presentation from Joe Hilger, Founder and COO of Enterprise Knowledge was presented at the KM Showcase 2020 in Arlington, VA on March 5th. The presentation addresses why knowledge management is the foundation for successful artificial intelligence. Hilger provides reasoning and examples for why taxonomy, content strategy, governance, and KM leadership are foundational requirements for organization's pursuing recommender systems, chat bots, and much more. Lastly, he defines Knowledge Artificial Intelligence and provides a brief overview of knowledge graphs.
This presentation discusses key aspects of knowledge management. It covers knowledge creation processes, knowledge sharing through informal communication, and capturing knowledge in organizational repositories through "pull" and "push" mechanisms. The four basic functions of knowledge management are described as externalization, internalization, intermediation, and cognition. Examples of knowledge management tools are provided. The importance of user-friendly interfaces, security, and a well-conceptualized architecture for knowledge management systems is emphasized.
The content engineering function is now critical to successful Customer Experience Management. Content engineering plays a central role in delivering relevant and accurate content designed to deliver personalized experiences across multiple channels, at every touch point across the brand. Content Engineering bridges business strategy and content strategy with design and implementation. Missing any part of the continuum introduces unsustainable project risk for CEM initiatives.
This talk challenges marketers, technologists and content creators to rethink the way they create, manage, and deliver content experiences.
This presentation was given at Information Development World on October 2, 2015.
Enterprise Search White Paper: Increase Your Competitiveness - Make a Knowled...Findwise
With data volumes growing by 200 percent a year, knowledge workers are spending around 30 percent of their time trying to extract useful information. Furthermore a recent U.S. study asserted that knowledge workers spend more than twice as much time re-creating already created content as they spend creating new content. In addition to this time spent on maintaining structures for storing incoming unstructured information (e.g. mail, documents etc) is increasing rapidly.
Enabling search solutions makes information easy to find, however the key is to transform this information into knowledge. This is normally not done by simple intranet search functionality, however the intranet portal can act as a portal to a knowledge management system based on advanced search functionality withadded collaborative functions. This transforms your organization into a “knowledge finding organization”, creating an even more competitive organization.
Knowledge Management systems based on an Enterprise Search Platform (ESP) can, if implemented properly, significantly improve the efficiency of an organization. IDC Research suggests in their latest report (April 2006) “Hidden cost of information Work” that the cost for wasted time on the part of professional searching, but not finding relevant information, amounts to $5.3 million annually for an enterprise with 1000 knowledge workers.
This article describes research into measuring the business value of various Web 2.0 technologies like wikis, blogs, podcasts, and social networks. Interviews, observations, and surveys of companies found that these technologies can help improve collaboration and communication. Wikis, blogs, and RSS filters appeared to have the greatest impact in these areas. However, companies remain cautious about deploying many of these technologies and further research is needed to fully understand their impacts. Assessment of real impacts over time across multiple business areas can help organizations determine which technologies provide the most benefit.
This document describes research into measuring the business impact of various Web 2.0 technologies like wikis, blogs, podcasts, social networks, and virtual worlds. Interviews, observations, and surveys were conducted with companies across industries to understand how these technologies impact areas like knowledge management, collaboration, customer relationships, innovation, and training. Preliminary findings show that technologies like wikis, blogs, and RSS filters have improved collaboration and communication the most, while virtual worlds have had little impact. Companies are cautiously adopting these technologies and further research is needed to fully understand their contributions to productivity and competitive advantage.
This document discusses various methods for organizing content on websites and in documents. It describes organizing content alphabetically, numerically, by intended audience, and through card sorting techniques which involve users grouping content topics. Proper organization is important to ensure information is accessible and the experience for users and readers is coherent. The document also discusses how organization is key to crafting messages and speeches that have the intended impact on audiences.
More Content, More Channels, More Chill: Your 2022 Self-Care Guide to Content...Kontent.ai
The document discusses content management challenges and tips for 2022. It summarizes the results of surveys of over 1,600 content professionals which found that many feel they need clearer goals and better tools to manage more content and channels. It then provides tips for setting workflows in content management systems to streamline approval processes and encourage collaboration. Examples are given of customers who improved content consistency, speed, and reuse with such workflows. Overall, the document advocates mapping reuse opportunities, understanding customer needs, removing bottlenecks, and giving teams unified tools.
QAD implemented Open Text Web Content Foundation to create a "smart enterprise" capable of delivering tailored information to users globally. This was needed to manage growing volumes of content across numerous formats and channels. Open Text provides a central content repository and workflow system. It enables personalized, on-demand content delivery and collaboration across internal and external users. This has improved information access and sharing, driving better customer communication and relationships.
Understanding Corporate Portals Key Knowledge Management Enabling ApplicationsJose Claudio Terra
Discute como Portais Corporativos e suas funcionalidades podem ser utilizadas para desenvolver e implementar Gestão do Conhecimento, através da mudança de como a informação e as responsabilidades de colaboração são divididas na organização.
www.terraforum.com.br
Crowdsourcing documentation and knowledge bases can provide benefits like lower costs and higher quality content. However, an unmanaged crowd risks losing focus and reducing accuracy. Implementing a MindTouch Collaborative Knowledge Base allows a company to attract relevant stakeholders like employees, customers, and partners to provide input, while tools like moderation and permissions ensure content adheres to company goals. Initial costs are low and ROI can be seen quickly as the system scales to involve more contributors over time.
In this White Paper we provide some insights into the differences between Live-Wireframe applications authoring and programming using traditional tools.
Knowledge Management Right Sized End User Controlled Km Toolsbquteam
The document discusses creating localized knowledge management tools controlled by end users to better share knowledge. It proposes that small, department-specific KM systems linked together are more effective than large corporate-wide systems alone. These "knowledge pods" could be created and managed by a dedicated support team focused on direct end user needs rather than corporate standards to enhance knowledge sharing at operational levels.
How Semantics Power the Intelligent Future of Content ManagementJoe Pairman
(Keynote talk from Semantics 2021 conference)
Semantics has unique benefits for content. Whether polished marketing material or accurate, insightful employee enablement, all audiences gain by quickly finding what they want. Beyond findability, recommendations take individual users to their goals with a minimum of personal data. From pages to personal assistants, reuse metrics to insights, content that connects to core semantics – the real-world ideas and objects it refers to – becomes truly intelligent. Benefits like this don't come from just pushing a button – or can they? At RWS, we recognized that pure machine learning wouldn't give our customers the value, clarity, or futureproofing that they needed. Instead, we challenged ourselves to productize a semantic approach that doesn't only drive a polished end-user experience but appeals to busy editorial teams who care about quality but need to beat deadlines. Learn how we built a layered solution, combining content management excellence with PoolParty's core services, to give teams the power and accuracy of modern semantics at the touch of a couple of buttons.
This document provides a summary of Gartner's Magic Quadrant report on enterprise content management vendors. It assesses 22 vendors and places them in four categories based on their completeness of vision and ability to execute. The summary analyzes the strengths and cautions of several leading vendors, including Alfresco, EMC, Ever Team, Fabasoft, HP, Hyland, and IBM. It describes their product portfolios, target markets, growth strategies, and areas for improvement.
OrchestraCMS is a content management system built natively on the Salesforce platform. It allows Salesforce customers to leverage content across digital channels and business applications. OrchestraCMS extends Salesforce functionality by enabling dynamic, personalized content delivery and empowering business users to manage content independently. It integrates with Salesforce communities, portals, and intranets to engage customers, partners, and employees with relevant, contextual content tied to business data and processes.
Memedge Consulting is a young Swiss company that provides services in communication, collaboration, and business intelligence. It integrates these areas into a single concept using various communication channels, collaborative tools, and open innovation strategies. The company's approach, called Meme-Edge, helps spread ideas and information within organizations by treating them like cultural units or "memes" that must replicate, spread, and evolve over time through selective pressures. Memedge helps clients balance in-person and virtual interactions, nurture business networks, shape dedicated communication programs, and approach new ideas by considering how to help them survive and spread.
Discute como Portais Corporativos e suas funcionalidades podem ser utilizadas para desenvolver e implementar Gestão do Conhecimento, através da mudança de como a informação e as responsabilidades de colaboração são divididas na organização.
www.terraforum.com.br
How to design a modern Marketing and Communications department in an agile ma...Paul Cowan
Marketing departments still remain in an old, hierarchical structure with a massive reliance on agencies and vendors to do much of the brand positioning and communications work. This model is inefficient, outdated and removes the IP from the ownership of the company. This document reveal the 3 key issues that are forcing change on how marketing organizations structure and deploy, with a recommended structure and people required in the modern marketing world.
The document discusses various methods for organizing content on a website or other digital platform. It describes categorizing content alphabetically, numerically, or by intended audience. The document also discusses card sorting as a way to get user input on content organization structures. Card sorting involves having users group summaries of content topics to determine intuitive organization schemes. The results may not be consistent between users but it can provide a starting point for content structure. Overall, the key message is that formal organization methods are important for large amounts of digital content to aid user accessibility and understanding.
The document discusses various methods for organizing content on a website or other digital platform. It describes categorizing content alphabetically, numerically, or by intended audience. The document also discusses card sorting as a way to get user input on content organization structures. Card sorting involves having users group summaries of content topics to determine intuitive organization schemes. The results may not be consistent between users but it can provide a starting point for content structure. Overall, the key message is that formal organization methods are important for large amounts of digital content to aid user accessibility and understanding.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
This presentation discusses key aspects of knowledge management. It covers knowledge creation processes, knowledge sharing through informal communication, and capturing knowledge in organizational repositories through "pull" and "push" mechanisms. The four basic functions of knowledge management are described as externalization, internalization, intermediation, and cognition. Examples of knowledge management tools are provided. The importance of user-friendly interfaces, security, and a well-conceptualized architecture for knowledge management systems is emphasized.
The content engineering function is now critical to successful Customer Experience Management. Content engineering plays a central role in delivering relevant and accurate content designed to deliver personalized experiences across multiple channels, at every touch point across the brand. Content Engineering bridges business strategy and content strategy with design and implementation. Missing any part of the continuum introduces unsustainable project risk for CEM initiatives.
This talk challenges marketers, technologists and content creators to rethink the way they create, manage, and deliver content experiences.
This presentation was given at Information Development World on October 2, 2015.
Enterprise Search White Paper: Increase Your Competitiveness - Make a Knowled...Findwise
With data volumes growing by 200 percent a year, knowledge workers are spending around 30 percent of their time trying to extract useful information. Furthermore a recent U.S. study asserted that knowledge workers spend more than twice as much time re-creating already created content as they spend creating new content. In addition to this time spent on maintaining structures for storing incoming unstructured information (e.g. mail, documents etc) is increasing rapidly.
Enabling search solutions makes information easy to find, however the key is to transform this information into knowledge. This is normally not done by simple intranet search functionality, however the intranet portal can act as a portal to a knowledge management system based on advanced search functionality withadded collaborative functions. This transforms your organization into a “knowledge finding organization”, creating an even more competitive organization.
Knowledge Management systems based on an Enterprise Search Platform (ESP) can, if implemented properly, significantly improve the efficiency of an organization. IDC Research suggests in their latest report (April 2006) “Hidden cost of information Work” that the cost for wasted time on the part of professional searching, but not finding relevant information, amounts to $5.3 million annually for an enterprise with 1000 knowledge workers.
This article describes research into measuring the business value of various Web 2.0 technologies like wikis, blogs, podcasts, and social networks. Interviews, observations, and surveys of companies found that these technologies can help improve collaboration and communication. Wikis, blogs, and RSS filters appeared to have the greatest impact in these areas. However, companies remain cautious about deploying many of these technologies and further research is needed to fully understand their impacts. Assessment of real impacts over time across multiple business areas can help organizations determine which technologies provide the most benefit.
This document describes research into measuring the business impact of various Web 2.0 technologies like wikis, blogs, podcasts, social networks, and virtual worlds. Interviews, observations, and surveys were conducted with companies across industries to understand how these technologies impact areas like knowledge management, collaboration, customer relationships, innovation, and training. Preliminary findings show that technologies like wikis, blogs, and RSS filters have improved collaboration and communication the most, while virtual worlds have had little impact. Companies are cautiously adopting these technologies and further research is needed to fully understand their contributions to productivity and competitive advantage.
This document discusses various methods for organizing content on websites and in documents. It describes organizing content alphabetically, numerically, by intended audience, and through card sorting techniques which involve users grouping content topics. Proper organization is important to ensure information is accessible and the experience for users and readers is coherent. The document also discusses how organization is key to crafting messages and speeches that have the intended impact on audiences.
More Content, More Channels, More Chill: Your 2022 Self-Care Guide to Content...Kontent.ai
The document discusses content management challenges and tips for 2022. It summarizes the results of surveys of over 1,600 content professionals which found that many feel they need clearer goals and better tools to manage more content and channels. It then provides tips for setting workflows in content management systems to streamline approval processes and encourage collaboration. Examples are given of customers who improved content consistency, speed, and reuse with such workflows. Overall, the document advocates mapping reuse opportunities, understanding customer needs, removing bottlenecks, and giving teams unified tools.
QAD implemented Open Text Web Content Foundation to create a "smart enterprise" capable of delivering tailored information to users globally. This was needed to manage growing volumes of content across numerous formats and channels. Open Text provides a central content repository and workflow system. It enables personalized, on-demand content delivery and collaboration across internal and external users. This has improved information access and sharing, driving better customer communication and relationships.
Understanding Corporate Portals Key Knowledge Management Enabling ApplicationsJose Claudio Terra
Discute como Portais Corporativos e suas funcionalidades podem ser utilizadas para desenvolver e implementar Gestão do Conhecimento, através da mudança de como a informação e as responsabilidades de colaboração são divididas na organização.
www.terraforum.com.br
Crowdsourcing documentation and knowledge bases can provide benefits like lower costs and higher quality content. However, an unmanaged crowd risks losing focus and reducing accuracy. Implementing a MindTouch Collaborative Knowledge Base allows a company to attract relevant stakeholders like employees, customers, and partners to provide input, while tools like moderation and permissions ensure content adheres to company goals. Initial costs are low and ROI can be seen quickly as the system scales to involve more contributors over time.
In this White Paper we provide some insights into the differences between Live-Wireframe applications authoring and programming using traditional tools.
Knowledge Management Right Sized End User Controlled Km Toolsbquteam
The document discusses creating localized knowledge management tools controlled by end users to better share knowledge. It proposes that small, department-specific KM systems linked together are more effective than large corporate-wide systems alone. These "knowledge pods" could be created and managed by a dedicated support team focused on direct end user needs rather than corporate standards to enhance knowledge sharing at operational levels.
How Semantics Power the Intelligent Future of Content ManagementJoe Pairman
(Keynote talk from Semantics 2021 conference)
Semantics has unique benefits for content. Whether polished marketing material or accurate, insightful employee enablement, all audiences gain by quickly finding what they want. Beyond findability, recommendations take individual users to their goals with a minimum of personal data. From pages to personal assistants, reuse metrics to insights, content that connects to core semantics – the real-world ideas and objects it refers to – becomes truly intelligent. Benefits like this don't come from just pushing a button – or can they? At RWS, we recognized that pure machine learning wouldn't give our customers the value, clarity, or futureproofing that they needed. Instead, we challenged ourselves to productize a semantic approach that doesn't only drive a polished end-user experience but appeals to busy editorial teams who care about quality but need to beat deadlines. Learn how we built a layered solution, combining content management excellence with PoolParty's core services, to give teams the power and accuracy of modern semantics at the touch of a couple of buttons.
This document provides a summary of Gartner's Magic Quadrant report on enterprise content management vendors. It assesses 22 vendors and places them in four categories based on their completeness of vision and ability to execute. The summary analyzes the strengths and cautions of several leading vendors, including Alfresco, EMC, Ever Team, Fabasoft, HP, Hyland, and IBM. It describes their product portfolios, target markets, growth strategies, and areas for improvement.
OrchestraCMS is a content management system built natively on the Salesforce platform. It allows Salesforce customers to leverage content across digital channels and business applications. OrchestraCMS extends Salesforce functionality by enabling dynamic, personalized content delivery and empowering business users to manage content independently. It integrates with Salesforce communities, portals, and intranets to engage customers, partners, and employees with relevant, contextual content tied to business data and processes.
Memedge Consulting is a young Swiss company that provides services in communication, collaboration, and business intelligence. It integrates these areas into a single concept using various communication channels, collaborative tools, and open innovation strategies. The company's approach, called Meme-Edge, helps spread ideas and information within organizations by treating them like cultural units or "memes" that must replicate, spread, and evolve over time through selective pressures. Memedge helps clients balance in-person and virtual interactions, nurture business networks, shape dedicated communication programs, and approach new ideas by considering how to help them survive and spread.
Discute como Portais Corporativos e suas funcionalidades podem ser utilizadas para desenvolver e implementar Gestão do Conhecimento, através da mudança de como a informação e as responsabilidades de colaboração são divididas na organização.
www.terraforum.com.br
How to design a modern Marketing and Communications department in an agile ma...Paul Cowan
Marketing departments still remain in an old, hierarchical structure with a massive reliance on agencies and vendors to do much of the brand positioning and communications work. This model is inefficient, outdated and removes the IP from the ownership of the company. This document reveal the 3 key issues that are forcing change on how marketing organizations structure and deploy, with a recommended structure and people required in the modern marketing world.
The document discusses various methods for organizing content on a website or other digital platform. It describes categorizing content alphabetically, numerically, or by intended audience. The document also discusses card sorting as a way to get user input on content organization structures. Card sorting involves having users group summaries of content topics to determine intuitive organization schemes. The results may not be consistent between users but it can provide a starting point for content structure. Overall, the key message is that formal organization methods are important for large amounts of digital content to aid user accessibility and understanding.
The document discusses various methods for organizing content on a website or other digital platform. It describes categorizing content alphabetically, numerically, or by intended audience. The document also discusses card sorting as a way to get user input on content organization structures. Card sorting involves having users group summaries of content topics to determine intuitive organization schemes. The results may not be consistent between users but it can provide a starting point for content structure. Overall, the key message is that formal organization methods are important for large amounts of digital content to aid user accessibility and understanding.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
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6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
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A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
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Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
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2. 3 Introduction
The problems with content today
3
3 The end of the book metaphor
3 Poorly structured and written information fails to get the message across
3 The content silo trap
3 Too much information
Why content management is an issue
4
4 We’re all in the publishing industry
4 From Content Management to a Content Management System
The need for separation of content, structure and presentation
5
5 Separation of content and presentation
5 Separation of content and structure
6 Make it happen, the CM methodology
About content mapping
6
The life cycle of content
6
Content creation
7
7 Content objects
8 Information typing
10 From content objects to information types to blocks
11 Topical writing or writing in content objects
Organisational phase
12
12 Labeling
13 Rules of thumb for creating a controlled vocabulary or thesaurus
14 Metadata
Structuring phase
15
15 From taxonomy to folksonomy
16 Grouping methods for classification
20 References
3. Introduction
The problems with content today
The end of the book metaphor
From the beginning of the history of writing, authors have written and organised information
to fit the context of a book or a document, usually with a specific audience in mind, and with
a clear plan of how the information will be presented: a title page, a table of contents and an
introduction at the beginning, followed by a number of chapters, and annexes and an index in
the end.
Today, this book metaphor has become inadequate. In environments where documentation
is used in different contexts, for different purposes, and using different formats, writers often
do not know how or where information will be published — as a linear sequence of pages in a
paper manual, as a complex network of chunks linked through hypertext in an online help, on
the intranet, or on a small-screen device.
Poorly structured and written information fails to get the message
across
In today’s information-based economy, business documentation must be prepared rapidly,
clearly, and concisely to meet high performance communication needs. The agility to quickly
make fast and informed decisions is increasingly critical to success. Information that is
poorly structured and written fails to get the message across. Artificial jargon and complex
constructions most often are the villains.
The content silo trap
Many large organisations fall into the content silo trap and store the same information in
multiple repositories, across multiple departments. Often the same information is created and
maintained more than once, augmenting maintenance costs considerably.
Too much information
Today’s enterprise produces more information than ever before. This information is stored in
reports, e-mails, slide shows, and spreadsheets or published on the company intranet or web
site. According to the Gartner Group, unstructured information doubles every three months.
Employees require consistent and predictable access to this growing corpus of knowledge
to efficiently do their jobs. However, as new pieces of content are added, the ability to find
applicable and pertinent information weakens.
“We are drowning in information, but are starved of knowledge”. John Naisbitt, Megatrends (1982)
NAMAHN Content Mapping 3
4. Why content management is an issue
We’re all in the publishing industry From Content Management to a Content
Up till a decade ago, few companies were in the Management System
publishing industry — most provided other kinds of The larger the volume of the content being produced,
goods and services. Today however, companies of all the more useful and persuasive a CMS becomes.
sizes are beginning to realise that they have to create However, a CMS cannot create order where there
and maintain what is in essence a constantly updated is none. Moreover a CMS is almost never a piece of
publication: their corporate web site or intranet. To software that comes out-of-the-box. Rather it is a
succeed, it is important to set up an editorial process platform/framework for building a custom content
and to develop the right set of publishing skills. application based on an organisation’s needs.
And as corporate content grows and gets more To define the architecture of a CMS and the features
structured, so too should the editorial staff. Having the it has to offer, you need to figure out how corporate
proper personnel into place will insure that corporate content is created, how it travels through its lifespan,
content: and the uses to which it is put. And because corporate
content is created, maintained and used by humans,
it is mandatory to define the different interactions
• is reliable, consistent, up-to-date and on-brand
people have with documents. The content mapping
• serves the goals of the author and organisation
methodology helps your organisation:
• meets the needs of the reader
• To identify the processes and workflow that drive
the technical requirements for your organisation’s
CMS.
• By providing a common language that will bridge
the gap between the software engineers and the
personnel in your organisation (the editors, authors,
designers and managers who run the departments).
Questions to address
• What corporate content does our organisation own?
• Where does it reside? What’s the format? Is it structured?
• Which content is high value? Which is low value?
• Is the content purely informational content or also
transactional?
• Who interacts with the content? At what stage?
• What is the editing culture like? Do authors use structure-
aware tools or templates? What should they use in future?
• How will our corporate content be read or viewed? On paper,
on screen?
• How can the information be searched? By table of contents,
by index, by full-text search, by keywords, by browsing
hyperlinks, by other methods?
Content Mapping
4
5. > INTRODUCTION
The need for separation of content,
structure and presentation
A successful organorganistion communicates with its
customers and staff efficiently across different media,
ranging from paper-based brochures and manuals,
to web sites, intranets and small screen devices. To
succeed, it is important to set up a strategy for single-
sourcing that enables the re-use and re-purposing of
content. At the heart of any single-sourcing strategy,
lies the job of separating the structure and layout from
the content.
Separation of content and presentation Separation of content and structure
A separation between content and style allows the Managing structure independently from content
same content to be published in different media, using objects ensures a high percentage of re-use and re-
different style guidelines. To achieve this, style-control purposing of information:
elements must be stored independently from the
content. Style-control elements are those defining what • The same content object can appear under different
the content should look like when published, including structural classifications.
fonts, colors, line spacing, page format, etc. • Navigation maps can deliver customized, dynamic
documentation to end-users.
• Every actor in the information chain can create new
structure patterns.
NAMAHN Content Mapping 5
6. Make it happen, the CM
methodology
About content mapping The life cycle of content
Content Mapping is the framework used by Namahn’s Delivering uniform and high-quality corporate
information designers to combat information overload content requires investing in an infrastructure
and turn unstructured information into manageable that can create and maintain correct and relevant
and re-usable document-like content objects, ready for information, and make it available to the organisation’s
multiple purposes. customers or service staff. A well-designed content
management approach encompasses a smooth process
The aim of Content Mapping is to provide for information authoring, maintaining, storing and
organisations with an integrated approach that delivery, supported by the appropriate information
allows increasing the degree of formality in corporate infrastructure.
information, without undue investment.
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Content Mapping
6
7. > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
Content creation
Content objects
Top-down versus bottom-up What is a content object?
Traditionally, the most common approach among A content object is a manageable chunk of information
writers is to write top-level topics first, followed by the organised around a topic (a product, a process, a
subordinate topics that go under them. We call this function, a theme, ...). It’s a standalone unit that can
method, based on a pre-defined outline, a top-down be re-used differently depending on the audience,
approach. Today however, information often has to purpose, or delivery method. Typically, it is a title
be created independently of a particular context. This followed by text and images, divided into sections by a
implies that subordinate topics have to be generated number of headings.
first and then later grouped into a larger structure. We
will call this a bottom-up strategy.
Granularity: what’s the size of a content object?
A bottom-up strategy gives the writer more flexibility, The size or structure of a content object depends on its
but is not easy to carry out: every chunk of information granularity or level of detail. Content objects can be
is always created within a particular context. A bottom- assembled at different levels of granularity:
up approach however, implies that information has
to be created independently of the structure it was • Finely grained content object at the lowest level: e.g.
originally intended for. This obvious contradiction a procedure describing how to perform a change
between the need for content to be reusable and the request, an FAQ on a new product, a company
need for content to depend on its context cannot be policy …
eliminated. The trade-off that appears to offer the most • Coarsely grained content objects at higher levels: a
favorable balance between re-usability and context- 30 page manual, a database with 2.000 customer
dependence is captured in the notion of the content records, a division of the intranet, an online
object. tutorial …
NAMAHN Content Mapping 7
8. Blurbs, as short previews of content objects
A blurb is a tight descriptive introduction to a content
object. It is a line or short block of text that informs
the reader what kind of information he will find in a
content object.
Information typing
Though not easy to write, blurbs prove to be very An information type specifies the purpose of (parts of)
beneficial for users when interacting with content. a content object by describing its purpose, independent
Dennis G. Jerz, in his weblog on new media of how that object will be delivered. Some common
journalism, defines blurbs as “brief summaries of what information types are procedures, topics, facts, terms,
a reader will find on the other end of a hyperlink. Good definitions, prices, product numbers and descriptions.
blurbs don’t harangue (“Click here!”) or tease (“Learn
ten great tips.”); instead, they provide a useful sample When you begin to analyse your corporate content
of the target page, so that a user can make an informed and future requirements, think about your content
decision about whether to click.” 1 according to its information type rather than its format.
You will soon discover that many information types
can be re-used. Your product description should be the
same, regardless of where it is published.
1 Blurbs, Writing Previews of Web Pages
http://jerz.setonhill.edu/writing/e-text/blurbs.htm
Content Mapping
8
9. > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
Best practices in information typing
Some well-known projects using the concept of
information types are:
• Information Mapping™, a method to create and
CONTENT OBJECT
present information, has defined seven information
TOPIC: product,
types that should be able to cover all sorts of cor-
process, function,
porate information: procedure, process, structure,
policy, ...
concept, principle, fact, classification.1
• The Darwin Information Typing Architecture
CONCEPT REFERENCE TASK
(DITA), an innovative XML-based information
architecture, has defined a basic set of three core
DEFINITION FACTS, HOW TO DO
information types:
DESCRIPTION DATA, SOMETHING
NUMBERS
¬ Concept
An extended definition (description) of a topic. Typi-
cally a concept contains a title, some text, and maybe DEFINE OVERVIEW PERFORM
an example or a graphic.
¬ Task (or procedure, instruction)
A number of steps, describing how to do something.
This information type refers historically to the task-
based manual.
¬ Reference Consider the introduction of a new product: the
three core information types could be used to create
An overview of the constituent parts (characteristics)
a content object ‘Product manual’. The order of the
of a product, an organisation, an application, ... A
information types in the product manual could be as
reference contains mostly data-oriented (rather than
illustrated in the figure above:
text-oriented) information that is often stored in a
database (numbers, addresses, codes…). A reference
• First a full description of the new product;
refers historically to the reference manual.
• followed by an overview of all its characteristics and
functionalities;
The set is not only easy to understand (and explain); it
• finally, all the tasks that can be performed with the
can also be extended, according to the specific needs
product.
of an organisation. A new info type ‘company policy’
for instance can easily be mapped on the existing info
type ‘concept’. DITA has defined a set of inheritance
rules, that define how new information types can be
created: “each specialised information type must map More info on Information Mapping™
1
www.infomap.com
to an existing one, must have the characteristics of its
parent information type, and must be more restrictive 2 More info on “The Darwin Information Typing Architecture”
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-dita4/
in the content that it allows. ”
2
NAMAHN Content Mapping 9
10. From content objects to information
types to blocks
Blocks are situated at the lowest level of the information CONCEPT REFERENCE TASK FAQ POLICY
infrastructure. They are the most flexible, modular part title item title question rule
of the whole, enabling us to specify information types definition description prerequisite answer note
in further detail. note step 1 tip
warning example
step 2
step 3
step 4
prerequisite
What is a block?
A block is the most finely grained component of
CONTENT OBJECT1
content that requires individual treatment. It is at most
one page in size and can contain paragraphs of text,
INFOTYPE 1 INFOTYPE 2 INFOTYPE 3 ...
data, formulas and figures. Different kinds of blocks
can be specified for specific purposes: title, intro,
block 1 block 1 block 1 ...
definition, step, result, tip, warning, rule, etc.
block 2 block 2 block 2 ...
block 3 block 3 block 3 ...
We distinguish two kinds of blocks:
block 4 block 4 block 4 ...
block ... block ... block ... ... ¬ Key blocks:
Key blocks determine a particular information type.
They can be mandatory or optional: e.g. step and
result are mandatory key blocks in a procedure, ques-
tion and answer in an FAQ.
¬ Additional blocks:
Additional blocks are not linked or essential to a
particular information type: e.g. all information types
can contain a tip, a warning … Additional blocks are
optional.
Content Mapping
10
11. > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
Best practices: a tribute to Robert Horn Modularity of the information architecture
Robert Horn is generally known as the man who Content objects, information types and blocks can all
revolutionised technical writing by kicking out be managed as components:
the paragraph and replacing it by the block. In his
landmark Structured Writing approach, he states that • It is possible to add or remove blocks in information
the paragraph is too fuzzily defined, too vague to be types, as it is possible to add or remove information
a consistent, reliable unit of information. According types in content objects.
to Horn “Information blocks are the basic units of • New information types or content objects can
subject matter [...] They replace the paragraph as the be defined when the existing ones do not comply
fundamental unit of analysis and of presentation. They anymore.
are composed of one or more sentences and/or diagrams
about a limited topic. They usually have not more than Topical writing or writing in content
nine sentences. They are always identified clearly by a objects
label.” Topical writing is bottom-up writing. This means
authors have to start writing content objects often
without having a larger context or pre-defined structure
Creating information types with blocks (such as a table of contents). Moreover content objects
can be published on the web as well as on paper. Is
writing for the web any different from writing for print?
If you are lacking experience or feel unsure, then the
option is to continue to write documents as usual and
to have a separate process for evaluating the extent
to which those documents can be broken down into
reusable content objects. If you have ever written an
online help, or are skilled in structured writing, then
topical writing should be the option.
1 “Structured Writing at twenty five” by Robert E. Horn
http://www.stanford.edu/~rhorn/
Rules of thumb for topical writing
• A topic has one subject, signified by the title. • Wording in topics is independent of any other topic. Each
• At its lowest level, a topic is small enough to be assimilated topic is a standalone unit.
by the reader in one go. • Make extensive use of meaningful subtitles. They are
• Generally that’s no more than a screen or two of info, important for search engines and scannability.
online. Traditionally, it is content under heading 3 or • Make use of ordered lists.
heading 4.
NAMAHN Content Mapping 11
12. Organisational phase
Labeling
Labels are the actual words you use to define categories When dealing with transactional content, labels
for your content objects. They are what the user sees should include calls to action. Labels like “Subscribe to
when he looks at a website’s main menu or sitemap. newsletter”, “Download PDF” or “Register” can be very
Choosing labels with care is equally as important as effective in guiding the visitor.
how you chunk and structure your content in the first
place. Good labels always take the visitor through a
progression of approach to the business involved. Do
it well and you help users finding the information
they are looking for — even if there are actually great
complexities being communicated.
Rules of thumb for labeling
• Labels should be clear, contrastive and distinct from others.
• Try to keep labels short, but don’t be afraid to make them
longer for clarity.
• Do not use jargon, industry standards or the company’s
organisation chart.
• Avoid buzzwords or fuzzy terms.
• Two is sometimes more than one. A common technique that
lets you be more descriptive while keeping the labels short
is the use of two-word labels: hotels & travel, research &
development, kids & family.
• Use the same labels as the target audiences use. Speak the
language of the user.
• Try to tell a story.
• When you go international, make sure the labels are not tied
to a specific language and can easily be translated.
Content Mapping
12
13. > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
Rules of thumb for creating
a controlled vocabulary or thesaurus
Closely related to labels and labeling systems are be easily understood and affords control over the
corporate thesauri and controlled vocabularies. information environment.
A thesaurus is a collection of preferred terms, used to A thesaurus can (partly or completely) act as a
assist in a more precise retrieval of content. A thesaurus controlled vocabulary, providing terminology for
reveals hierarchical (parent-child), associative (related) populating values in metadata schemes, systems,
and equivalent (synonyms, variants) relationships navigation maps, classifications, and taxonomies/
among terms. Deployed within an organisation, ontologies.
a thesaurus fosters communication and shared
understanding throughout the enterprise, allowing
everyone to describe information in a way that can
Rules of thumb for creating
a controlled vocabulary or
thesaurus
Creating and maintaining a good company thesaurus is
challenging. Below are some considerations and guidelines.
• Identify who will be using the thesaurus and how.
• Gather input from all business units.
• File structures, department structures, filing systems,
databases, and other legacy organisational schemes can
provide valuable input for the terminology definition
process.
• In order to be effective, the terminology in a thesaurus must
be scoped by the user community and its language.
• Define preferred terms.
• Identify synonyms.
• Identify abbreviations and acronyms.
• Identify broad and narrow terms (hierarchical and
associative relationships).
• To reach all the users and reflect all the content, you may
need to develop multiple types of vocabularies. Examples
include vocabularies organised by user role, topic, task, or
geography.
NAMAHN Content Mapping 13
14. Metadata
Metadata is generally defined as ‘data about data’, The distinction between data and metadata is not
and refers to any data used to support the dimensions absolute; in some circumstances data can be metadata,
of use of a content object. The term is not new. As and plain data in other circumstances. To identify
long as people have been collecting information – be metadata involves analysing the structure of the
it in a library, a museum, or any other institution content, and exploring the workflow applied to create
– they had to get hold of ways to properly organise and maintain the content. Some things to keep in
that information. The catalog that originated in the mind:
traditional library world – with commonly known
fields as “Author”, “Title” and “Subject” – is the • Metadata are hard to maintain, so they should be
classical example of metadata. kept to an absolute minimal. On the other hand,
a limited set of carefully developed metadata can
Today metadata serve, sometimes simultaneously, serve as a fundamental resource for knowledge
several functions: management within the enterprise.
• Most metadata will be identified during the
• Semantic analysis (title, subject, keywords, content publishing process of a content object. Pay a lot of
rating, …) attention to meaningful titles and subtitles, provide
• Workflow analysis (author, reviewer, versioning, well-chosen categories, and make use of keywords.
property rights, …)
• Access and publishing (filename, size, extension,
creation date, …)
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Content Mapping
14
15. Kno
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base ledge
Busi
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Proc ess > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
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Classification deals with the process of bringing together content objects according to a grouping method or
navigational model. The traditional approach for classifying content objects is to place them in an authoritative,
hierarchical tree structure such as those used in scientific classification schemes. Today such closed classification
schemes are commonly used in book publication, databases and knowledge management systems.
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From taxonomy to folksonomy
A new and promising approach to classification is a folksonomy or social classification: rather than fit the content into
a pre-defined closed taxonomy, put the users in charge and let them create their own classification system through
tagging. Creating such a social environment enables more nuanced ways to map meaning and relationship. Another
advantage is that, since the information within folksonomies is organised and maintained by users, very little work
has to be done to maintain the tagging system after initially setting it up. Despite these advantages, folksonomies are
not a proven technology yet. User Interface Engineering, a leading research, training, and consulting firm specialising
in web site and product usability concludes:
“At this point, folksonomies are more of an interesting
technology than a tried-and-true design tool.
However, with their ability to let users do most of the
organisational work of the information on a web site,
they may yet prove to be a valuable, time-saving way for
information architects to keep a handle on the addition
of information into an already-burdened architecture.
We’re anxious to see where they go.” 2
2 http://www.uie.com/articles/folksonomies/
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16. Grouping methods for classification
Basically there are four ways to group content objects:
• Hierarchy
• Linear
• Matrix
• Hypertext
Linear
Hierarchy
Users are forced to follow a linear path. A wizard uses
this model. This model is useful for training and first
A tree-structure is a top-down structure where you start time users.
with a number of broad categories that get ever more
detailed, until you arrive at the information needed. It
is a well-known structure for classifying information.
People have organised information into hierarchies
since the beginning of time. Think of a family tree, a
table of contents, a folder structure, ….
For this reason, trees are the foundation of any
information design. They allow us to get a grip on
a large body of information, and to identify major
content areas. Hierarchical tree-structures, however,
have a major drawback too: by showing only a
restricted set of dimensions at the same time, they
suffer from an inflexible top-down approach, forcing
users to follow a predetermined, often unfamiliar path.
Therefore it is important to complement tree-structures
with other organisation schemes, providing alternative
points of entry, allowing users to cross-walk the tree.
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17. > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
Hypertext
Matrix
Hypertext is the non-linear way of structuring
information by providing (inline) links to other content
A tree may be the most common navigation model objects. Its main advantages:
today, a matrix however, also often referred to as a
faceted taxonomy/classification, is quickly gaining • It provides us with great flexibility.
importance. This is primarily for two reasons: • It thrives on serendipity — the accidental
discovery of things.
• A matrix is a bottom-up information structure that
When navigating through hypertext tough, it is easy to
shows all dimensions/facets of a topic simultane-
get lost and become frustrated. In addition, hypertext
ously. A tree only shows a few at the same time.
links are personal in nature — relationships clear to
• A matrix allows for cross-navigation, giving the
one person may not be obvious to others. Because of
user more than one way of exploring the content.
this great potential for complexity and user confusion,
Dimensions can be organised on-the-fly, based on
hypertext should be used to complement structures
how a user chooses to access them.
based upon a hierarchical or matrix model.
Rules of thumb for classifying information:
• Categories in a taxonomy are unambiguous and mutually exclusive - it’s ‘or’, not ‘and’ (e.g. a tomato is a fruit or a vegetable, not
both).
• A taxonomy includes all possibilities.
• Consider the balance between breadth and depth. Breadth refers to the number of (horizontal) options at each level of the tree. Depth
refers to the number of (vertical) levels in the hierarchy. New trees that are expected to grow, tend towards a horizontal rather than
vertical, deep hierarchy.
• In considering breadth, be sensitive to the cognitive limits of the human mind and try to follow the seven plus-or-minus-two rule.
• A good taxonomy is restricted to the top-levels. Lower level content can be retrieved by keyword or full text search.
NAMAHN Content Mapping 17
19. > MAKE IT HAPPEN, THE CM-METHODOLOGY
Techniques for getting the user involved Surface architecture versus deep architecture
To determine which organisation scheme to use, try to • The users’ mental model (the way users think)
peek into the mind of the user and identify his goals yields the high level or surface structure of a tax-
and tasks. Your understanding of the user will help you onomy.
select or combine the best organisation schemes. Some • The content forms the deep structure of the tax-
well-known techniques for getting the user involved onomy. Here the information the user came for is
are: stored.
• Card sorting
Card sorting involves representative users sorting a
series of cards, each labeled with a piece of content or
functionality, into groups that make sense to them.
Card sorting generates ideas for how information
could be grouped and labeled. 1
• Card-based classification evaluation
Card-based classification evaluation is a technique for
testing an information architecture before it has been
implemented. The technique involves writing each
level of an information architecture on a large card,
and developing a set of information-seeking tasks for
people to perform using the architecture. 2
What’s in a name?
• Taxonomy: a hierarchical tree-structure used to
store and publish content objects.
• Faceted classification: a non-hierarchical matrix-
1 More info: “Card Sorting: A definitve Guide” at
http://www.boxesandarrows.com
based structure, consisting of multiple tree taxono-
mies used together.
2 More info: “Card-Based Classification Evaluation” at
http://www.boxesandarrows.com
• Ontology: a more complex organisation scheme
that relates content objects to one another by using
statements such as “X is a Y”, “X is part of Y”.
• Topic maps: an XML-based technical environment
that allows to build ontologies.
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20. References
• “Structured Writing at twenty five” by Robert E. Horn
http://www.stanford.edu/~rhorn/
• “The Darwin Information Typing Architecture”
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-dita4/
• Argus Centre For Information Architecture:
http://argus-acia.com/
• AdaptivePath essays
http://www.adaptivepath.com/publications/reports/
• “Information Architecture for the World Wide Web”
by Louis Rosenfeld and Peter Morville
• “Information Architecture, Blueprints for the Web”
by Christina Wodtke
• “Information Architecture for Designers”
by Peter Van Dijck
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21.
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