Note:  Below  find  two  examples  from  prior  student  exams  of  well-­developed   definitions.  Responses  will  vary,  but  should  show  thoughtful  preparation  and   adequate  detail.    I  will  accept  a  range  of  responses  and  lengths  as  long  as  the  answer   is  complete  and  connects  relevant  terms  to  child  and  family  psychology.  Be  sure  to   refer  to  textbook,  readings,  and/or  slides  for  definitions.  Many  students  refer  to  case   studies  and  readings  for  examples  as  well  if  needed.  Relevant  personal  examples  are   acceptable  as  well.     Assimilation  and  Acculturation       These  related  processes  reflect  family  reactions  after  the  transition  or  move   to  a  new  cultural  setting.    Reactions  may  follow  family  and  child  immigration  and/or   migration  for  various  reasons.  Assimilation  is  the  process  in  which  an  individual  or  a   family  adopts  the  dominant  culture’s  practices,  language,  norms  or  customs.   Acculturation  is  a  process  where  there  is  a  conscious  process  of  making  decisions   regarding  what  aspects  of  one’s  culture  of  origin  to  retain  and  to  continue  to   practice  and  what  aspects  may  be  sacrificed  (and  to  what  degree).  There  are  several   theories  linked  to  acculturation.  Changes  are  multidimensional  according  to  Berry   and  occur  at  individual  and  societal  levels.  The  concepts  of  adaptation  and   adjustment  are  closely  related  to  acculturation       Knowledge  of  these  processes  is  critically  important  for  the  study  of  children   in  the  context  of  their  families  given  the  rising  number  of  immigrant  families   including  transnational  families.  Immigrant  families  often  need  assistance  with   decisions  affecting  acculturation.  Cultural  shifts,  differences  and  preferences  should   be  acknowledged  and  understood  by  those  who  work  children  and  families.  Within   families  there  may  be  generational  differences,  divides  and/or  conflicts  linked  to   these  two  processes,  particularly  with  the  degrees  of  assimilation  and  the  choices  in   acculturation.       An  example  of  a  difference  would  be  an  East  Indian  adolescent  wanting  to  and   feeling  more  comfortable  dressing ...

1. Note:
Below
find
two
examples
from
prior
student
exams
of
well--developed
definitions.
Responses
will
vary,
but
should
show
thoughtful
preparation
and
adequate
detail.
I
will
accept
a
range
of

2. responses
and
lengths
as
long
as
the
answer
is
complete
and
connects
relevant
terms
to
child
and
family
psychology.
Be
sure
to
refer
to
textbook,
readings,
and/or
slides
for
definitions.
Many
students
refer
to

3. case
studies
and
readings
for
examples
as
well
if
needed.
Relevant
personal
examples
are
acceptable
as
well.
Assimilation
and
Acculturation
These
related
processes
reflect
family
reactions
after

4. the
transition
or
move
to
a
new
cultural
setting.
Reactions
may
follow
family
and
child
immigration
and/or
migration
for
various
reasons.
Assimilation
is
the
process
in
which
an
individual
or
a

5. family
adopts
the
dominant
culture’s
practices,
language,
norms
or
customs.
Acculturation
is
a
process
where
there
is
a
conscious
process
of
making
decisions
regarding
what
aspects
of
one’s
culture
of

6. origin
to
retain
and
to
continue
to
practice
and
what
aspects
may
be
sacrificed
(and
to
what
degree).
There
are
several
theories
linked
to
acculturation.
Changes
are
multidimensional
according
to
Berry

7. and
occur
at
individual
and
societal
levels.
The
concepts
of
adaptation
and
adjustment
are
closely
related
to
acculturation
Knowledge
of
these
processes
is
critically
important
for
the
study
of

8. children
in
the
context
of
their
families
given
the
rising
number
of
immigrant
families
including
transnational
families.
Immigrant
families
often
need
assistance
with
decisions
affecting
acculturation.
Cultural
shifts,
differences
and

9. preferences
should
be
acknowledged
and
understood
by
those
who
work
children
and
families.
Within
families
there
may
be
generational
differences,
divides
and/or
conflicts
linked
to
these
two
processes,
particularly
with

10. the
degrees
of
assimilation
and
the
choices
in
acculturation.
An
example
of
a
difference
would
be
an
East
Indian
adolescent
wanting
to
and
feeling
more
comfortable

11. dressing
in
American/Western
style
clothes,
rather
than
abiding
by
the
family
preferences
of
girls
only
wearing
a
sari
or
other
traditional
Indian
clothing
as
they
come
of
age.
While
the
change
is

12. at
the
appearance
level
it
may
be
highly
symbolic
of
the
adolescent’s
adjustments.
This
could
lead
to
a
rupture
in
family
relationships;
communication
is
vital.
Boundaries

13. Boundaries
are
key
to
the
structural
model.
Boundaries
are
formed
within
families
as
subsystems.
Subsystems
such
as
spousal,
sibling,
and
parent-­‐child
subsystems
must
be
able
to
maintain
boundaries,
but
must

14. also
allow
for
a
flow
of
information
between
subsystems.
Clarity
of
boundaries
is
linked
to
healthy
family
functioning.
Conflict
may
arise
when
the
flow
of
information
and
the
structure
of

15. relationships
in
the
family
are
out
of
synchrony.
Enmeshment
(no
separation)
or
disengagement
(too
much
rigidness
or
separateness)
indicate
extremes
in
how
boundaries
may
impact
family
systems.
Boundaries
are
also
both

16. internal
and
external;
specifically
boundaries
exist
between
the
overall
family
system
and
the
outside
world.
Boundaries
are
significant
because
they
often
reflect
nature
of
authority,
communication

17. and
closeness
and
provide
structure
to
family
life.
Children
often
find
security
with
healthy
and
clear
boundaries,
but
may
feel
confused
and/or
be
at
risk
when
they
have
very
enmeshed
or
very

18. disengaged
relationships.
When
boundaries
shift
problems
may
occur.
These
problems
or
adjustments
may
be
needed
at
times
in
response
to
stressors,
and
can
be
long-­‐term
or
more
temporary.

19. For
example,
if
a
child’s
medical
needs
entirely
consume
one
parent
to
the
point
of
not
giving
any
attention
to
the
spousal
subsystem,
this
adjustment
while
needed
may
create
a
strain
on

20. family
relationships
and
cause
boundaries
to
shift.
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW
1
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature Review
Your Name
Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V
Paper due date
Remember: You MUST include either the URL address to the
FULL TEXT article, OR the doi number for the article in your
Reference. Articles Must be scholarly research articles (a total
of 6 research articles; 3 qualitative & 3 quantitative) and have
been published between 2010 and present. The introductory
paragraph (a paragraph is at Minimum 4 complete sentences) for
this assignment should be descriptive of your practice problem

21. or issue of interest, why you chose this topic, and why it is
important to Nursing. Paper should be in Times New Roman,
12-point font, double spacing between lines.
*****Note: anything in Red font on this template should be
deleted prior to paper submission.
Literature Review
Practice Problem/Issue and PICOT Question
Write a Clear description of the nursing practice problem
(include supporting information from reliable sources) and
conclude with your PICOT question written in correct PICOT
format (see my example in Resources for this Module).
References
Farrugia, P., Petrisor, B., Farrokhyar, F., & Bhandari, M.
(2010). Research questions, hypotheses, and objectives.
Canadian Journal of Surgery, 54(4), 278-281. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2912019/
Actual article Abstract here.
Cook, J., Copeland, M., Floyd, C., Jonikas, J., Hamilton, M.,
Razzano, L., . . . Boyd, S. (2012). A randomized controlled trial
of effects of wellness recovery action planning on depression,
anxiety, and recovery. Psychiatric Services, 63(6), 541–547.
doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100125
Actual article Abstract here.

22. SOME THINGS TO REMEMBER:
You should Never use the webpage copyright date as a
“publication date” - you will use the term “n.d.” if no
publication date for the article/publication is listed.
When you use a direct quote in your citation, you Must provide
the page number or the paragraph number where the quote was
found after the publication date. (Jones & Smith, 2016, p. 12)
[or 2016, para. 4]
How to document a Lecture from GCU or any university:
Grand Canyon University. (2011). Essentials of baccalaureate
education [Lecture 1]. (2011). In Professional dynamics.
Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad1.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/
When the university is the producer of a video/power point
presentation:
Grand Canyon University (GCU). (Producer). (2014).
Foundations for professional nursing practice: The nursing
pyramid. Retrieved from
http://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/pyrami
d_pyramid.php
How to document an article from a Journal:
Carman, M. J., Wolf, L. A., Henderson, D., Karnienski, M.,
Kazoil-Mclane, J., Manton, A., & Moon, M.D. (2013).
Developing your clinical question: The key to successful
research. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 39(3), 299-301.
Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/science/artic
le/pii/S0099176713000135
In-text citation (6 or more authors) - (Carman et al., 2013) -
When you have six or more authors, you can use the term “et
al.” the first citation and all subsequent ones.
In-text citation (3-5 authors) – (Carman, Wolf, & Henderson,

23. 2013) - If there are three to five authors, you list them all the
first time used in the body of the paper or in an in-text citation.
In subsequent citations you can use the term “et al.”
Green, A., & Jordan, C. (2004). Common denominators: Shared
governance and work place advocacy – Strategies for nurses to
gain control over their practice. Online Journal of Issues in
Nursing, 9(1). Retrieved from
http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenu
Categories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofCon
tents/Volume92004/No1Jan04/SharedGovernanceandWorkPlace
Advocacy.html
In-text citation (2 authors) – (Green & Jordan, 2004) - You will
always provide both author names in the citation each time
when there are only two.
How to document an article from a Journal that is an Advance
online publication or ‘In press’:
Huntley, A. L., King, A. J., Moore, T. H., Paterson, C., Persad,
R., Sharp, D., & Evans, M. (2017). Methodological exemplar of
integrating quantitative and qualitative evidence – supportive
care for men with prostate cancer: What are the most important
components? Journal of Advanced Nursing. Advance online
publication. doi: 10.1111/jan.13082
von Baeyer, C. L., & Pasero, C. (in press). What nurses’ work-
arounds tell us about pain assessment. International Journal of
Nursing Studies. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article
/pii/S002074891630181X?
How to document an article from an Online Newspaper:
Snowbeck, C. (2015, March 18). United Healthcare goes for
yuks with new ad campaign. Star Tribune. Retrieved from
http://www.startribune.com/unitedhealthcare-goes-for-yuks-
with-new-ad-campaign/296665211/
How to document an article/publication from a Government

24. Agency/ National Organization/University:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Injury
Prevention & Control: Division of Violence Prevention. (n.d.).
Introduction to evidence-based decision-making. Retrieved
from http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/apps/evidence/#&panel1-2
In-text citation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
[CDC], n.d.). - You must cite the full name and abbreviated
initials of the organization/agency in the body of the paper or in
an in-text citation the first time used. You can then use the
initials only in subsequent citations (CDC, n.d.).
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2014,
April 24). Nursing shortage [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from
http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-
shortage
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, December 22). Alzheimer’s disease.
In Diseases & conditions. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-
disease/home/ovc-20167098
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2013, June). Improving
patient access to high-quality care: How to fully utilize the
skills, knowledge, and experience of advanced practice
registered nurses. Charting Nursing’s Future, 20. Retrieved
from
http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2013
/rwjf405378
Yale University - Cushing/Whitney Memorial Library
(n.d.).Evidence-based practice: Asking the clinical question.
Retrieved from
http://www.med.yale.edu/library/nursing/education/clinquest.ht
ml
How to document an article/publication from a Website (if there
is an author listed for the article, you will place the author first,
publication date next, and then the title):
Health promotion model. (2011, April 15). In Nursing theories:

25. A companion to nursing theories and models. Retrieved from
Current Nursing website:
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/health_promotion_mo
del.html
In-text citation (“Health promotion,” 2011). When you are
citing an article that does not have an author, the title
(shortened to no more than two or three words of the entire
title) is in quotation marks.
Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Qualitative approaches. In
Measurement – Qualitative measures. Retrieved from Research
Methods Knowledge Base website:
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualapp.php
In-text citation (Trochim, 2006)
How to document a publication (i.e. ‘grey paper’) from a
corporation:
Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center. (2012). 2012 Nursing
Division Annual Report. Retrieved from
https://www.bannerhealth.com/NR/rdonlyres/533916E5-70E6-
48AB-AC2E-25407227AF9F/65312/nursingreport2012.pdf
How to document from Hoover’s Company Records website:
Banner Health. (2016, May 15). In Overview. Retrieved from
Hoover’s Company Records website:
http://cobrands.hoovers.com/company/Banner_Health_/rffxxxi-
1-1njhxf.html
In-text citation (“Banner Health,” 2016)
How to document a Book:
Grove, S., Gray, J., & Burns, N. (2015). Understanding nursing
research: Building an evidence-based practice (6th ed.). St.
Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. Retrieved from
http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9781455770601/pages/1
77890842 (Note: if the book is located on PageBurst, you will
include the URL address).
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing
research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization (7th ed.).

26. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams, and Wilkins Publishing.
How to document a Chapter from a Book/booklet:
Rath-Rentfro, A. (2014). Gordon’s functional health patterns:
Assessment of the individual. In C. L. Edelman, E. C. Kudzma,
& C. L. Mandle (Eds.), Health promotion throughout the life
span (8th ed., pp. 129-142). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby.
Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978-0-
323-09141-1/pages/184033926
Keele, R. (2011). Quantitative versus qualitative, or both? In R.
Keele (Ed.), Nursing research & evidence-based practice (pp.
35-47). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Retrieved from
http://samples.jbpub.com/9780763780586/80586_CH03_Keele.p
df
Clarke, S. P., & Donaldson, N. E. (2008, April). Nurse staffing
and patient care quality and safety. In R. G. Hughes (Ed.),
Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for
nurses (Chapter 25). Retrieved from Agency for Healthcare
Research & Quality website:
https://archive.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-
providers/resources/nursing /resources/nurseshdbk/index.html
How to document an article/publication from a Conference:
Jones, O. C. (2009, April 28). Leadership theories and styles.
Paper session presented at the IAAP 2009 Administrative
Professionals Week Event, Orlando, Florida. Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu/6610048/LeadershipTheories_andStyl
es_IAAP_2009AdministrativeProfessionalsWeek_Event_Event
How to document an article/publication from a Master’s theses
or Doctoral dissertation:
Chase, L. K. (2010). Nursing manager competencies [Doctoral
dissertation]. University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Retrieved
from
http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2762&context=e
td
How to document an online reference work, no author or editor
and authored

27. Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th
ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic
Lewkowicz, M. A. (2010). Purpose statement. In N. Salkind
(Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design (pp. 1143-1144).
Retrieved from
http://srmo.sagepub.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/view/encyc-of-
research-
design/n346.xml?rskey=zXK8Kw&row=2&p=emailPQUn0ndG
M.jcM&pid=354
How to document a web BLOG page/video blog post/TV
episode/Motion Picture:
(Original Blog post)
Myers, P.Z. (2007, January 22). The unfortunate prerequisites
and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log post].
Retrieved from http://........
(Response to an original Blog post)
MiddleKid. (2007, January 23). Re: The unfortunate
prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web
log comment]. Retrieved from http://........
(Video blog post)
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a
light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs
(TV episode)
Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to
communicate [Television series episode]. In D. Shore
(Executive producer), House. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.
(Motion Picture)
Surname, First Initial (Producer(s)), & Surname, First Initial
(Director(s)). (Year). Title of movie [Format e.g. Motion
picture or DVD]. Country where movie was produced: Name of
Studio.
Johnson, M., Pacheco, C., Goldman, S. (Producers), &
Cassavetes, N. (Director). (2009). My sisters keeper [Motion

28. picture]. United States: New Line Cinema Pictures
In-text citation (Paraphrase or Quotation) - (Producer(s)
Surname & Director(s) Surname, Year)
(Johnson, Pacheco, Goldman, & Cassavetes, 2009) first in-text
citation
(Johnson et al., 2009) subsequent in-text citations
When you begin to formulate a PICOT statement/question there
are 5 components that you need to identify. First identify your
Population, then you will determine what your Intervention will
be, then the Comparison, what your predicted Outcome will be,
and finally, how long the proposed study will last.
(P) Population of Focus (adult males, 40-70 years of age, with
co-morbidities)
(I) Intervention (this is what you are going to propose as a
practice change – in detail)
(C) Comparison (this is your control group – those that will not
receive the practice change; how will this group treatment be
different – be specific)
(O) Outcome (what you believe will occur)
(T) Time (this is generally the time period that you will
conduct your study – usually no longer than 6 months)
Then you will write your PICOT Question/Statement in a
sentence format. You would Not include the “breakdown” (as
shown above) in your PICOT statement. See the Example
below:
Example of a PICOT question/statement:

29. For adult male surgical patients, ages 40-70 with multiple co-
morbidities (P), will the use of a preoperative Low Molecular
Weight Heparin (LMWH) protocol that includes medication and
application of either a Sequential Compression Device (SCD) or
TED hose (I), compared to patients who are treated with SCD or
TED hose only (C), reduce the risk of the development of
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) (O) in the postoperative
recovery ICU phase over a 6 month period (T).