Noise pollution a case studies In Agartala municipal council

TRIPURA UNIVERSITY
(A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
16-09-2020 1
M.A/M.Sc. 4TH SEMESTER-2020
ROLL NUMBER 1806100015
PAPER CODE-GEDM1004E
DEPERTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ASSIGNMENT
ON
URBAN ENVIRONMENT: NOISE, WITH CASE STUDY
SUBJECT-URBAN GEOGRAPHY

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………...............................................…4
2. Noise Pollution Definition…………...…………………………………………………… …….….…………………………………………………………………………..….…5
3. Study Area…………………………………………......……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...5-6
4. Materials and Method……………………………….....………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..…7-8
5. Result and Discussion………………….…….……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...9-10
Residential Zone, Silent Zone, Industrial, Commercial Zone
6. Source of Urban Noise…………….……...…...………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………...….…10
External, Internal Source of Noise
7. Source of Noise Pollution…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….....11-12
Industrial, Transport, House Hold, Public Address System, Traffic Noise, Air Traffic Noise.
8. Bad Effect of Noise Pollution…………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..…..13-14
9. Health Effect of Noise…………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………..…..….15-17
Hearing Impairment, Interface with Spoken Communication, Sleep Disturbance, Cardiovascuiar Disturbances, Disturbances of Mental Health, Negative Social Behaviour
10. Agartala Noise Pollution of Durga Puja and Diwali Festivals……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….18
11. Trend Analysis of Noise Level in Different Station During Years2011-2015……………...….……………….........................................................................................…......…23
12.What We Can Do to Stop Noise Pollution………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23-24
Control of Receiver End, Suppression of Noise at Source, Acoustic Zoning, Sound Insulation at Construction Stages, Planting of Trees, Legislative Measures.
13. Fig………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............24-29
14.Table……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....….30-34
15.conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..35
16. References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….…..........................................................…36
.
16-09-2020 2
CONTENT

Noise Pollution Assessment in Agartala
Urban Area
A Case Study
16-09-2020 3
Submitted by
Uttam SarkarDate-14/06/2020

1.INTRODUCTION
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with
ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems. Poor urban
planning may give rise to noise disintegration or pollution, side-by-side industrial and residential buildings
can result in noise pollution in the residential areas. Some of the main sources of noise in residential areas
include loud music, transportation (traffic, rail, airplanes, etc.), lawn care maintenance, construction,
electrical generators, explosions, and people. Documented problems associated with urban environment
noise go back as far as ancient Rome. Noise is measured in Decibel (dB). Noise pollution associated with
household electricity generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many developing nations. The
average noise level of 97.60 dB obtained exceeded the WHO value of 50 dB allowed for residential areas.
Research suggests that noise pollution is the highest in low-income and racial minority neighborhoods.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and an increased incidence of coronary
artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and
avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. Research
suggests that noise pollution is the highestin low-income and racial minority neighborhoods.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and an increased incidence of coronary
artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and
avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. A
substantial amount of the noise that humans produce occurs in the ocean. Up until recently, most research on
noise impacts has been focused on marine mammals, and to a lesser degree, fish. In the past few years,
scientists have shifted to conducting studies on invertebrates and their responses to anthropogenic sounds in
the marine environment.
16-09-2020 4

2.WHAT IS NOISE POLLUTION?
Not all sound is considered noise pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines noise above 65
decibels (dB) as noise pollution. To be precise, noise becomes harmful when it exceeds 75 decibels (dB) and is
painful above 120 db. As a consequence, it is recommended noise levels be kept below 65 dB during the day and
indicates that restful sleep is impossible with night-time ambient noise levels in excess of 30 db.
3.STUDY AREA
This paper deals with presents urban environment & urban noise pollution, in the Agartala city, state of Tripura.
Tripura is the second smallest state of north east India is encircled by Bangladesh on the north, south &west and the
state of Assam and Mizoram on the east. The state covers an area of 10,491 km square Agartala is the second
largest city of north east India and capital of Indian state named Tripura. This city located on the bank of hoara river
and nearest border of Bangladesh about 85 k.m.
Agartala is the capital of Tripura State, India. It is situated between latitude 23050’ N & longitude 910 16’ E.
Administratively, the capital Agartala is located under the West Tripura District, Tripura. India. Agartala Municipal
Corporation is one of the urban local bodies looking after the various development projects of the Agartala City. It
is the largest town by means of population as well as area in Tripura. The historical place Agartala consists of lots
of commercial Centre’s, historic temples and antique monuments. It has a geographic area of about 76.504 km2.
Topographically, Agartala City is located in western part of Tripura and situated on the both banks of Haora River.
An international boundary is also located 2 km away. It has an average elevation of 12 m from the nearest sea level.
Availability of plain land in Agartala city is also causing an important role in rapid growth of industries as well as
different commercial places. There is a NH-44 which connects the state capital with other Indian neighbouring
States such as Assam & Mizoram. There are many other roads which connect the Agartala city with other parts of
the State. Moreover, there is one Railway Station which is located within the municipality area. The Agartala
airport is located at an aerial distance of 12 km from Agartala City.
16-09-2020 5

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
In order to assess the distribution of noise level, field level noise monitoring was carried out in major noisy area of 19
locations within the Agartala city. Every location has been selected on the basis of magnitude of noise in respect of
residential, commercial, Industrial and silent zones. In order to evaluate the distribution of noise intensity in each
category of zone, 4 locations have chosen for the category of residential area, 4 locations for Industrial area and 4
locations under the silent zone’s category. Besides, there are 7 identified locations have considered for the commercial
area as the majority of commercial areas are highly exposed to the potential noise pollution. Noise level was measured
in seven different hours in a day between 6 am to 7 am, 9 am to 10 am, 12 am to 1 pm, 3 pm to 4 pm, 6pm to 7 pm, 9
pm to 10 pm and 11 pm to 12 pm. The noise monitoring was conducted during the pre-monsoon period of the year 2014.
Ambient noise data was recorded by using Sound Level Meter. Monitoring was carried out by mounting the instrument
at 1 m height and 1 m away from the chest. Sound level ranges of 30 – 180 B(A) was used for the study. Measured
sound level data are interpreted in the form of equivalent sound level pressure (Leq) and the values of Leq are being
compared with the prescribed standard of CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board), India. Observed sound level data
were used to calculate the day time equivalent noise level, night time equivalent noise level, day-night equivalent noise
level, L10, L50, L90, Lmax and traffic noise index. The calculations were made based on the following equations.
𝐿 𝑒𝑞=10log 𝒊=𝟏
𝒏
(10) Li/10 *Ti
Where,
Leq= Equivalent noise level, n= total number of sound sample, Li= noise level of any ith sample, ti= time duration of ith
sample expressed as fraction of total time.
𝐿 𝑑𝑛=10 [ log1/24{(15∗ ((10𝐿 𝑑 /10)} + 9∗ {(10 𝐿𝑛+10) /10] ………….[5].
Where,
Ldn= Day-night level, Ld Day time noise level, Ln = Night time noise level, Lmax = Maximum noise level obtained for
a particular place at measuring time and Traffic Noise Index (TNI) = 4 (L10 – L90) + L90 – L30. [Considering 15-hour
day time, from 6 am to 9 pm and remaining 9 hours as night time, from 9 pm to 6 am]
So far L10, L50, L90 are concerned, the noise level exceeded for 10% of the time of the measured duration is referred as
L10. Similarly, L50 means noise level exceeded for 50% of the time of the measured duration, L90 means noise level
exceeded for 90% of the time of the measured duration. Lmax refers maximum value of noise level obtained from
particular station.
7

Table- 1: The Ambient Air Quality Standards prescribed by CPCB
Category Limit of Noise Day Time Limit of Noise Night Time
Silent zone 50 40
Residential zone 55 45
Commercial zone 65 55
Industrial zone 75 70
16-09-2020 8

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1. Residential Zone.
The interpreted noise data for residential indicates that highest noise level of 63.79 dB(A) was observed at Bordowali and
lowest 54.98 dB(A) observed at Abhoynagar during day time. On the other hand, night time noise level of maximum 47.67
dB(A) reported at Bordawali and lowest 45.43 dB(A) reported at Dhaleswar. The interpreted values of Ld, Ln, Ldn, L10,
L50, L90, Lmax, TNI in respect of residential area are presented in fig.1. As the locations namely Ramnagar, Bordawali, A.
D. Nagar and Abhoynagar are situated in thickly populated residential area; hence human crowed, congested houses etc.
are playing important role for noise generation. However, night time noises are much below than the day time noise.
5.2. Silent Zone.
The interpreted value of Ld shows that the high elevated noise in Silence Zones during day time. Agartala Govt. Medical
College is the biggest hospital of Tripura State and IGM hospital both located within the area of Agartala city. Both
hospitals are exposed to noise pollution during day time. However, the Ln values are found to be very less except 46.48
dB(A) reported at Agartala Govt, Medical College. The interpreted values of Ld, Ln, Ldn, L10, L50, L90, Lmax, TNI in
respect of Silence Zonesare presented in table-3
5.3. Industrial Zone.
The distribution of noise intensity in the form of Ld, Ln, Ldn, L10, L50, L90, Lmax, TNI in respect of industrial areas are
evaluated and presented in table-4. The maximum sound level pressure Ld value of 75.95 dB (A) is observed at the
Khayerpur Wood based Industry in day time. However, the values of Ln are found considerable declined at two stations
during night time. The day time noise is coming out mainly from due to industrial activities.
5.4 Commercial Zone.
analysis of recent noise data reveals that the Ld values of all the locations are found beyond the prescribed noise limit of 65
dB(A) in day time. The maximum Ld values of 79.55dB (A) is observed at the Nagerjala Motor stand in day time. The Ld
value of 65.61 dB(A) reported at Agartala City centre. The values of Ln of all the locations are also found beyond the
prescribed noise limit of 55 dB(A) during night time except 52.56 dB(A) reported at Lake Chowmuni Bazar. Continuous
vehicular movement, human crowed, uses of loudspeaker etc are the various sources that cause noise pollution in
commercial areas. The values of Ld, Ln, Ldn, L10, L50, L90, Lmax, TNI in respect of commercial areas are evaluated and
presented in table-5.16-09-2020 9

The variation of the intensity of sound in different places due to presence of congested houses, huge commercial centers,
other small- and large-scale industry, VIP areas, Industrial Estate at the outskirt of the city, large no of schools and colleges,
presence of NH-44, Railway station, Airport etc. Moreover, construction activities are also playing an important role
towards contribution of noise pollution load in and around the Agartala City. The calculated noise level parameters and its
distribution in respect of different categories of area are graphically illustrated in Fig 1 to Fig. 5
6.SOURCES OF URBAN NOISE
6.A. External Sources of Noise.
These constitute the major sources of environmental noise. They are noises that may be difficult to control from the source.
They include, but are not limited to the following: noise from traffic and automobiles; noise from industries like quarries
and mining industries; noise from pedestrians; noise from religious institutions like churches and mosques; noise from
advertising agents and hawkers; noise from rallies like political campaigns, and so on (Ogunsote, 2010).
6.B. Internal Sources of Noise.
These are noises associated with human activities within the building, operation of building services and office equipment.
These may include door slam, footfall (especially in multi-storey buildings), conversation, radio and television sets, fans
and air-conditioners, home appliances and motorised appliances such as power generating sets (Ogunsote, 2010).
These sources of noise can all be sources of vibration that may interfere with occupants of built environment’s activities and
comfort. While some of these are tolerable and desirable, Ephraim (2002) posited that quite a number of them are
undesirable, cause discomfort and may be harmful and hazardous. Table 6 shows relative noise levels and their subjective
impressions.
16-09-2020 10

Major causes / sources of noise pollution are-
6.1. Industrial Sources.
Progress in technology (industrialization) has resulted in creating noise pollution. Textile mills, printing presses,
engineering establishments and metal works etc. contribute heavily towards noise pollution. In industrial cities like
Kolkata, Ludhiana, Kanpur, Agartala etc., often the industrial zones are not separated from the residential zones of
the city especially in the case of small-scale industries.
6.2. Transport Vehicles.
Automobile revolution in urban centers has proved to be a big source of noise pollution. Increasing traffic has given
rise to traffic jams in congested areas where the repeated hooting of horns by impatient drivers pierce the ears of all
road users.
Noise from airplanes constitutes an increasing serious problem in big cities like Delhi & Mumbai, and north eastern
state capital Agartala, Airport situated in the vicinity of population centres and the air planes pass over residential
areas. Heavy trucks, buses trains, jet-planes, motor-cycles, scooters, mopeds, jeeps—the list of vehicles is endless but
the outcome is same — noise pollution.
6.3. Household.
The household is an industry in itself and is a source of many indoor noises such as the banging of doors, noise of
playing children, crying of infants, moving of furniture, loud conversation of the inhabitants etc. Besides these are the
entertainment equipment in the house, namely the radio, record-players and television sets. Domestic gadgets like the
mixer-grinders, pressure cookers, desert coolers, air- conditioners, exhaust fans, vacuum cleaners, sewing and
washing machines are all indoor sources of noise pollution.
6.4. Public Address System.
In India people need only the slightest of an excuse for using loud speakers. The reason may be a religious function,
birth, death, marriage, elections, demonstration, or just commercial advertising. Public system, therefore, contributes
in its own way towards noise pollution.
16-09-2020 11

6.5. Agricultural Machines.
Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers etc. have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at
the same time highly noisy. Noise level 90 dB to 98 dB due to running of farm machines have been recorded in
the state of Punjab.
6.6. Miscellaneous Sources.
The automobile repair shops, construction-works, blasting, bulldozing, stone crushing etc. are other sources of
noise pollution.
6.7. Traffic Noise Traffic noise accounts for most polluting noise in cities. For example, a car horn produces 90
dB and a bus produces 100 db.
6.8. Air Traffic Noise.
There are fewer aircraft flying over cities than there are cars on the roads, but the impact is greater: a single
aircraft produces 130 db.
6.9. Construction Sites.
Building and car park construction and road and pavement resurfacing works are very noisy. For example, a
pneumatic drill produces 110 dB
6.10. Catering and Night Life.
Bars, restaurants and terraces that spill outside when the weather is good can produce more than 100 dB This
includes noise from pubs and clubs.
16-09-2020 12

7.THE BAD EFFECT OF NOISE POLLUTION
Noise is generally harmful and a serious health hazard. It has far-reaching consequences and has many physical,
physiological as well as psychological effects on human beings.
7.1 Physical Effects.
The physical manifestation of noise pollution is the effect on hearing ability. Repeated exposure to noise may result in
temporary or permanent shifting of the hearing threshold of a person depending upon the level and duration of
exposure. The immediate and acute effect of noise pollution is impairment of hearing (i.e. total deafness.)
Human ears have sensory cells for hearing. If these cells are subjected to repeated sounds of high intensity before
they have an opportunity to recover fully, they can become permanently damaged leading to impairment of hearing.
Besides the sensory cells, the delicate tympanic membrane or the ear drum can also be permanently damaged by a
sudden loud noise such as an explosion.
7.2 Physiological Effects.
The physiological manifestations of noise pollution are several as mentioned below-
7.2.1. Headache by dilating blood vessels of the brain.
7.2.2. Increase in the rate of heart-beat.
7.2.3. Narrowing of arteries.
7.2.4. Fluctuations in the arterial blood pressure by increasing the level of cholesterol in the blood.
7.2.5. Decrease in heart output.
7.2.6. Pain in the heart.
7.2.7. Digestive spasms through anxiety and dilation of the pupil of the eye, thereby causing eye-strain.
7.2.8. Impairment of night vision.
16-09-2020
13

7.3. The psychological manifestations of noise pollution are-
7.3.1. Depression and fatigue which considerably reduces the efficiency of a person.
7.3.2. Insomnia as a result of lack of undisturbed and refreshing sleep.
7.3.3. Straining of senses and annoyance as a result of slow but persistent noise from motorcycles,
alarm clocks, call bells, telephone rings etc.
7.3.4. Affecting of psychomotor performance of a person by a sudden loud sound.
7.3.5. Emotional disturbance.
For a talkative person, the most important effect of noise pollution would invariably be that noise
interferes with our conservation. So, noise is annoying and the annoyance depends on many factors
not merely the intensity of the sound but also repetition, because even a sound of small intensity (e.g.
dripping tap or clicking of clock) may become annoying, simply by repetition.
16-09-2020 14

8. HEALTH EFFECTS OF NOISE
The WHO has documented seven categories of adverse health effects of noise pollution on humans. Much of the
following comes from the WHO Guideline on Community Noise and follows its format.' The guideline provides an
excellent, reasonably up-to-date, and comprehensive overview of noise-related issues, as do the other recent reviews on
this subject.
8.I. Hearing Impairment.
1 tearing is essential for well-being and safety. Hearing impairment is typically defined as an increase in the threshold of
hearing as clinically assessed by audiometry. Impaired hearing may come from the workplace, from the community, and
from a variety of other causes (eg, trauma, ototoxie drugs, infection. staff) in a university entertainment venue were
found to have permanent hearing loss of more than 30 db.The WHO recommends that unprotected exposure to sound
levels greater than 100 dB (for example, the sound of a jaekhammer or a snowmobile) should be limited in duration(4 h)
and frequency (four times/yr.).' The threshold for pain is usually given as 140 dB, a level readily achieved in today's
boom-cars. Impulse noise exposure (gunfire and similar sourees of intense noise of brief duration) should never
exceed140 dB in adults and 120 dB in children. Firecrackers, cap pistols, and other toys can generate sufficient sound
levels to cause sudden and permanent hearing loss. Levels greater than 165 dB, even for a few milliseconds, are likely
to cause acute cochlear damage.' It is important to remember to counsel patients that ears do not "get used" to loud
noise. As the League for the Hard of Hearing notes—they "get deaf.
8.2. Interference with Spoken Communication.
In 1974. in an attempt to protect public health and welfare against the adverse effects of noise, the EPA published so-
called safe levels of environmental noise that would permit nonnal communication both in and out of doors.'' Noise
pollution interferes with the ability to comprehend nomial speech and may lead to a number of personal disabilities,
handicaps, and behavioural changes. These include problems with concentration, fatigue, uncertainty, lack of self-
confidence, irritation, misunderstandings, decreased working capacity disturbed interpersonal relationships, and stress
reactions. Some of these effects may lead to increased accidents dismption of communication in the classroom, and
impaired academic predominance. Particularly vulnerable groups include children, the elderly, and those not familiar
with the spoken language.
16-09-2020 15

8. 3. Sleep Disturbances.
Uninterrupted sleep is known to be a prerequisite for good physiologic and mental functioning in healthy individuals.
Environmental noise is one of the major causes of disturbed sleep.'"' When sleep dismption becomes chronic, the
results are mood changes, decrements in performance, and other long-term effects on health and well-being.'^ Much
recent research has focused on noise from aircraft, roadways, and trains. It is known, for example, that continuous
noise in excess of 30 dB disturbs sleep. For intemiittent noise, the probability of being awakened increases with the
number of noise events per night.' The primary sleep disturbances are difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings,
waking too early, and alterations in sleep stages and depth, especially a reduction in REM sleep. Apart from various
effects on sleep itself, noise during sleep causes increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased pulse
amplitude, vasoeonstriction, changes in respiration, cardiac arrhythmias, and increased body move movement.
8.4. Cardiovascuiar Disturbances.
A growing body of evidence confirms that noise pollution has both temporary and pemianent effects on humans (and
other mammals) by way of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. It has been postulated that noise acts as a
nonspecific biologic stressor eliciting reactions that prepare the body for a "tight or flight" response.''^'' For this
reason, noise ean trigger both endocrine and autonomic nervous system responses that affect the cardiovascular
system and thus may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. These effects begin to be seen with long-time daily
exposure to noise levels above 65 dB or with acute exposure to noise levels above 80 to 85 db.'"' Acute exposure to
noise activates nervous and hormonal responses, leading to temporary increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and
vasoconstrietion Studies of individuals exposed to occupational or environmental noise show that exposure of
sufficient intensity and duration increases heart rate and peripheral resistance, increases blood pressure, increases
blood viscosity and levels of blood lipids, causes shifts in electrolytes, and increases levels of epinephrine,
norepinephrine. and cortisol. Sudden unexpected noise evokes reflex responses as well. Cardiovascular disturbances
are independent of sleep disturbances; noise that does not interfere with the sleep of subjects may still provoke
autonomic responses and secretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine. and cortisol
16-09-2020
16

8.5. Disturbances in Mental Health.
Noise pollution is not believed to be a cause of mental illness, but it is assumed to accelerate and intensify the
development of latent mental disorders. Noise pollution may cause or contribute to the following adverse effects:
anxiety, stress, nervousness, nausea, headache, emotional instability. argumcntativeness. sexual impotence, changes in
mood, increase in social nonfliers, neurosis, hysteria, and psychosis Population studies have suggested associations
between noise and mental-health indicators, such as rating of well-being symptom profiles, the use of psychoactive
drugs and sleeping pills, and mental-hospital admission rates. Children, the elderly, and those with underlying
depression may be particularly vulnerable to these effects because they may lack adequate coping mechanisms.'
Children in noisy environments find the noise annoying and report a diminished quality of life.'"-" Noise levels above
80 dB are associated with both an increase in aggressive behavior and a decrease in behavior helpful to others. The
news media regularly report violent behavior arising out of disputes over noise; in many eases these disputes ended in
injury or death. The aforementioned effects of noise may help explain some of the dehumanization seen in the modem,
congested, and noisy urban environment.
8. 7. Negative Social Behavior And Annoyance Reactions.
Annoyance is defined as a feeling of displeasure associated with any agent or condition believed by an individual to
adversely affect him or her. Perhaps ii better description of this response would be aversion or distress. Noise has been
used as a noxious stimulus in a variety of studies becau.se it produces the same kinds of effects as other stressors.
Annoyance increases significantly when noise is accompanied by vibration or by low frequency components. The tenn
annoyance does not begin to cover the wide range of negative reactions associated with noise pollution; these include
anger, disappointment, dissatisfaction, withdrawal, helplessness, depression, anxiety, distraction, agitation, or
exhaustion. Lack of perceived control over the noise intensifies these effects.' Social and behavioral effects of noise
exposure are complex subtle, and indirect.
16-09-2020 17

These effects include changes in everyday behavior (eg, closing windows and doors to eliminate outside noises; avoiding
the use of balconies, patios and yards; and turning up the volume of radios and television sets); changes in social behavior
(eg, aggressiveness, unfriendliness nonpartieipation. or disengagement): and changes in soeial indicators (eg, residential
mobility, hospital admissions, drug consumption, and accident rates); and changes in mood (increased reports of
depression).' Noise exposure per se is not believed to produce aggressive behavior
9.AGARTALA NOISE POLLUTION OF DURGA PUJA & DIWALI FESTIVALS TIME.
From the analytical results it has been evident that the noise pollution level on Diwali days was more than the normal days
in the location for all the studied years. Analytical results are presented in the fig.6. and has been described below as per
area (zone) level-
9.1. Residential Area. In case of residential areas noise level was ranged between 39.16 dB (A) to 67.31 dB (A) on normal
days whereas on Diwali days it was ranged between 46.33 to 78.31 dB (A). During the study period comparatively, capital
complex was found to have less noise pollution on both normal and Diwali days. Nasty noise pollution was noticed in all of
the studied locations of Residential area on both normal and Diwali days. Moreover, during the year 2011 the Leq dB(A)
was ranged between 39.16 to 61.03 dB (A) on normal days and 51.51 to 78.31 dB (A) on Diwali days. In the year2012 the
Leq dB (A) on normal days ranged between 46.03 to67.31 dB (A) and ranged between 48.68 to 74.41 dB (A) on Diwali
days. In 2013 the noise level was ranged between39.71 to 61.05 dB (A) and 46.33 to 74.60 dB (A) for normal and Diwali
days respectively.
16-09-2020
18

9.2 Silent Area.
The noise level of silent zone was found in between40.48 dB (A) to 60.73 dB (A) on normal days and 46.75 to75.23 dB
(A) on Diwali days. The I.G.M hospital area has been anguishing from nasty noise pollution both on normal and Diwali
days. The Leq dB (A) was ranged between 42.02 to49.84 dB (A) on normal days and 56.65 to 62.53 dB (A) on Diwali
days in the year 2011. In the year 2012the Leq dB (A) on normal days ranged between 50.52 to 55.90 dB (A) and on
Diwali days it was ranges between 57.76 to61.29 dB (A) whereas in 2013 the noise level of the normal day was ranged
between 42.18 to 53.84 dB (A) and on Diwali day it was ranged between 53.07 to 56.53 dB (A). From this study
temporal fluctuation has been clearly visualized in all of the studied locations (Figure 2). Sequential variation in noise
level was noticed to be increase gradually from 6.00 – 7.00 pm time phase followed by 7.00 –8.00 pm, 8.00 – 9.00 pm,
9.00 – 10.00 pm, 10.00 – 11.00 pm and 11.00 pm – 12.00 am time phase in both normal and Diwali days. The highest
noise level was recorded 71.48 dB (A) and 79.90 dB (A) during 6.00 – 7.00 pm on normal and Diwali days
respectively. Lowest noise level on normal days was recorded 31.43 dB (A) at 10.00 – 11.00 pm whereas on Diwali
days it was recorded 52.46 dB (A) at 11.00 am –12.00 pm. Temporal Leq was ranged between 49.24 – 60.27 dB (A)
and 62.36 – 67.18 dB (A) during normal and Diwali days respectively. Likewise, spatial fluctuation is found to be
highest in Battala which was recorded as 71.99 dB (A) on both normal days and 75.64 dB (A) during Diwali days. In
all of the studied locations the noise level was measured beyond the standard level during both normal and Diwali days
(Figure 7). Only in Ashram Chowmuni the noise level was recorded in between 55.75 to 65.5 dB (A) during the whole
span of this study. Among the locations of silent area G.B Hospital area was found to has highest.
16-09-2020
19

Table 8. Noise Level Db (A) Variations At Different Locations Of Agartala City During Six
Specified Times On Normal And Diwali Days Of The Years 2011 To 2013.
Year Zones Monitoring
sites
Mean
Lmin+-SD
Normal days
Mean
Lmin+-SD
Normal days
Mean
Lmin+-SD
Normal days
Mean
Lmin+-SD
Normal days
Mean
Lmin+-SD
Normal days
Mean
Lmin+-SD
Normal days
2011 commercial Ashram
Chowmuni
50.20±7.8 60.80±12.2 55.75±9.6 58.30±2.8 73.10±2.4 64.85±2.4
Astabal 46.85±5.8 57.26±10.8 51.78±7.0 66.03±4.2 76.88±3.7 70.76±3.8
Battala 55.11±4.3 69.00±6.9 63.92±5.7 70.91±9.4 80.03±5.5 73.20±6.4
Durga Choumani 51.46±5.3 59.13±6.3 55.10±5.5 62.56±11.2 78.60±11.9 71.39±9.9
Netaji Chowmani 41.55±4.5 50.08±7.6 46.14±6.2 55.10±2.7 71.90±5.9 64.92±4.8
Residential A.D Nagar 46.55±7.0 61.03±10.0 55.21±9.9 61.26±3.9 75.71±7.5 70.31±1.9
Capital Complex 39.16±2.8 44.23±4.3 41.46±3.6 51.51±0.6 62.93±3.1 56.50±0.7
Circuit House 48.98±3.9 60.50±1.7 55.39±4.9 60.50±1.7 77.63±5.8 69.52±3.1
Indranagar 39.70±1.4 48.60±7.3 44.50±4.8 54.50±6.0 78.31±5.7 69.52±5.6
Silent G.B Hospital 44.23±5.9 50.75±8.8 47.63±6.9 55.23±2.1 64.23±6.3 62.53±5.5
Igm Hospital 44.81± 9.5 52.58±11.4 49.84±10.2 53.78±1.0 73.03±9.3 60.85±4.1
Mbb Collage 41.11±6.1 44.93±6.0 42.02±4.1 52.83±0.6 61.06±1.3 56.65±0.5
2012 commercial Ashram
Chowmani
55.73±4.8 70.85±5.6 64.94±5.3 57.28±2.6 73.31±4.4 65.50±2.6
Astabal 60.15±6.6 74.85±7.7 69.44±6.3 60.33±4.9 75.13±10.6 68.46±6.1
Battala 61.60±6.0 83.98±3.7 71.99±2.8 72.35±12.7 87.58±2.9 75.64±1.7
Durga Chowmani 58.30±6.3 79.10±6.7 67.95±5.0 65.63±4.6 85.58±4.2 74.09±3.2
Netaji Chowmani 55.63±5.4 82.43±5.4 67.81±4.8 61.33±4.5 83.80±7.3 73.05±6.6
16-09-2020 20

Residential Ad Nagar 48.25±2.8 63.35±2.6 54.50±2.0 60.20±3.4 74.41±5.6 66.73±3.7 65.50±2.6
Capital Complex 46.03±2.9 54.73±3.4 50.65±3.2 48.68±3.4 57.66±2.7 54.04±2.4 68.46±6.1
Circuit House 56.93±6.2 67.31±7.1 62.99±6.8 54.50±4.4 68.66±4.7 61.56±3.8 75.64±1.7
Indranagar 49.21±6.1 62.31±6.8 55.69±7.1 53.48±1.9 66.36±5.0 60.25±3.0 74.09±3.2
Silent Gb Hospital 50.50±1.9 60.63±2.0 55.90±1.0 54.90±3.3 67.93±5.3 60.37±3.1 73.05±6.6
Igm Hospital 44.98±3.9 60.73±8.6 50.52±5.3 50.91±1.5 75.23±4.2 61.29±2.6 66.73±3.7
Mbb Collage 46.61±4.2 55.13±4.5 51.17±4.7 51.95±2.0 64.31±5.0 57.76±2.5 54.04±2.4
2013 Commercial Ashram Chowmani 50.95±4.2 63.33±6.0 56.86±4.8 62.81±13.2 75.21±11.6 70.14±12.9
Astabal 52.25±8.0 62.56±7.1 57.05±7.1 60.25±3.9 68.50±7.1 63.85±4.9
Battala 58.56±4.9 68.56±5.3 63.37±5.3 67.16±5.5 76.73±4.4 72.82±5.6
Durga Chowmani 50.43±5.0 63.23±4.5 58.36±4.6 55.68±3.0 68.18±7.1 62.13±3.4
Netaji Chowmani 45.40±5.7 65.80±6.3 61.17±5.3 57.98±8.0 69.05±7.2 64.28±7.2
Residential A.D Nagar 39.71±5.1 58.50±7.8 51.00±6.4 63.76±6.5 74.60±2.3 69.99±4.1
Capital Complex 47.25±2.3 47.93±7.4 43.47±5.5 46.33±1.5 58.73±1.8 52.04±2.9
Circuit House 47.40±10.0 57.28±3.8 52.17±1.8 54.28±3.4 62.05±6.9 59.22±3.8
Indranagar 47.40±10.0 61.05±10.2 54.46±9.2 49.73±2.0 64.95±5.9 58.44±8.0
Silent G.B Hospital 49.51±4.3 59.00±3.7 53.84±2.9 50.15±0.3 63.50±7.3 55.64±2.6
I.G.M Hospital 44.53±2.9 51.53±5.0 47.53±3.5 46.75±3.6 61.10±5.9 53.07±2.6
Mbb Collage 40.48±3.2 44.05±3.4 42.18±3.1 51.71±2.6 61.58±4.7 56.53±3.4
16-09-2020 21

level of noise pollution which is measured maximum of73.05 dB (A). Noise level of IGM Hospital area
was found beyond standard level in 2012 during Diwali days. From this study it is revealed that in almost
all of the locations of the studied areas are suffering from the cause of increasing ambient noise level.
Ambient sound levels were compared with that of the standards Protection Act, 1986 and standards of
CPCB (Tripathy, prescribed in Environmental1999). The average Leq of Agartala city was ranged between
50.63±6.73 to 65.92±5.76, 60.30±8.03 to64.90±6.86 and 53.38±6.55 to 65.55±7.36 for the year2011, 2012
and 2013 respectively. Permissible noise level during such festival is 100 dB (WHO, 1999). The studied
locations do not exceed this standard but not in prescribed standard range by CPCB for different category
of Area (CPCB, 2000). The louder noise for short exposure has lethal effect on human health (Muzet,
2007; Ouis, 2001). The permissible limit of noise for residential areas is only55 dB (A) during day time
and 45 dB (A) during night time (CPCB, 2000). Analysis of data recorded in this study revealed the fact
that during Diwali days the ambient sound level in residential areas is above the prescribed standard.
However, it is evident that the noise of silent areas was found always above the prescribed standard by
CPCB (50 dB for day and 40 dB for night). The average value of Leq in silent area was analysed
54.35±8.14. Though the sampling locations of silent area include two Hospital areas, fruitful preventive
measure is needed to be taken immediately. From the assessed ambient noise level, it was observed that
the noise level is in its peak during 7-10 pm throughout the study years. It is clearly evident from this
study that the noise levels are not within prescribed standard for respective areas/zones and the situation is
more vulnerable during Diwali days. Noise levels are elevated in residential area mainly b ecause of
firecrackers. Commercial as well as silent areas have increasing level during Diwali days due to heavy
traffic and vehicular noise movement. To protect the citizens of Agartala city from various effects of noise,
proper noise control measure needs to be adopted soon.
16-09-2020
22

9.A TREND ANALYSIS OF NOISE LEVEL IN DIFFERENT STATIONS
DURING THE YEARS 2011-2015
Around the Agartala city 12 (twelve) stations were identified and selected for noise level monitoring as these
stations are most interrupted by public influences. All the collected data during the years 2011-2015 has been
analysed and graphically represented in fig.8 shows that during the years 2011-2015 in pre-Deepawali the Agartala
city was affected by noise pollution. The noise levels of all the years were higher than Corresponding standard
values of this area.
On the other side Fig.8 shows that during the years 2011-2015 in Deepawali the Agartala city was also affected by
noise pollution. The noise levels of all the years were higher as there were lots of vehicular movement, burst out of
firecrackers, polyphonic sound of programmes etc. But, in the year 2015 the noise levels were too high, sometime it
has gone to 82-87 db. In the year 2013 also, values are showing quite high.
10.WHAT WE CAN DO TO STOP NOISE POLLUTION
10.1. Control at Receiver’s End.
For people working in noisy installations, ear-protection aids like ear-plugs, ear-muffs, noise helmets, headphones
etc. must be provided to reduce occupational exposure.
10.2. Suppression of Noise at Source.
This is possible if working methods are improved by-
10.2.1. Designing, fabricating and using quieter machines to replace the noisy ones.
10.2.2. Proper lubrication and better maintenance of machines.
16-09-2020 23

10.3. Acoustic Zoning.
Increased distance between source and receiver by zoning of noisy industrial areas, bus
terminals and railway stations, aerodromes etc. away from the residential areas would go a
long way in minimizing noise pollution. There should be silence zones near the residential
areas, educational institutions and above all, near hospitals.
10.4. Sound Insulation at Construction Stages.
10.4.1. Sound travels through the cracks that get left between the door and the wall. For
reducing noise, this space (jamb frame gap) should be packed with sound absorbing material.
10.4.2. Sound insulation can be done by constructing windows with double or triple panes of
glass and filling the gaps with sound absorbing materials.
10.4.3. Acoustical tiles, hair felt, perforated plywood etc. can be fixed on walls, ceilings, floors
etc. to reduce noise (especially for sound proof recording rooms etc.)
10.5. Planting of Trees.
Planting green trees and shrubs along roads, hospitals, educational institutions etc. help in
noisereduction to a considerable extent.
16-09-2020 24

Fig.1.Equivalent Noise Level of Residential
Zone Agartala City.
Fig.2.Equivalent Noise Level of Silent
Zone Agartala City.
16-09-2020 25

.
16-09-2020 26
Fig.3. Equivalent Noise Level of industrial Zone, Agartala City

Fig: 5 Noise Levels at Different Places.
Fig.6 Temporal Noise Level in Agartala
Urban Area
16-09-2020 27

Fig.7 Spatial pattern of noise level variation in Agartala city during normal days and
Diwali festival.
16-09-2020 28

Fig -8. Noise Level in The Agartala City in Pre-
Deepawali During the Years 2011-2015. Fig-9. Noise Level 2011-2015.
16-09-2020 29

Table-2: Noise Data of Residential Area in Db.
16-09-2020 30

Table-3: Noise Data of Silence Zones in Db.
S/N Location Ld Ln Ldn L10 L50 L90 Lmax TNI
1 M.B.B. College 55.44 38.46 53.89 56.27 50.67 40.89 64.5 72.41
2 I.G.M. Hospital 57.01 38.79 55.34 58.15 54.17 39.32 66.20 84.64
3 Shishu Bihar School 59.06 39.38 57.05 60.83 49.68 41.53 65.87 88.73
4 Agartala Govt Medical College 60.002 46.48 58.07 62.03 56.93 48.17 71.2 73.61
16-09-2020 31

S/N Location Ld Ln Ldn L10 L50 L90 Lmax Tni
1 A.D. Nagar Industrial Estate 71.56 47.27 69.61 74.33 63.37 51.6 79.21 112.52
2 Dukli Industrial Estate 70.5 48.78 68.63 72.45 61.7 50.57 78.5 108.09
3 Barjala Wood Based Industry 72.47 50.56 70.59 73.69 62.83 49.35 80.75 116.71
4 Khayerpur Wood Based Industry 75.95 54.11 74.07 79.13 68.87 55.47 85.36 120.11
Table-4: Noise Data of Industrial Areas in Db.
16-09-2020 32

S/N Location Ld Ln Ldn L10 L50 L90 Lmax TNI
1 Battala Bazar 75.12 62.79 73.22 75.04 69.54 51.19 82.49 116.59
2 Nagerjala Motor stand 79.55 56.9 77.65 80.31 71.28 57.12 90.25 119.88
3 Lake Chowmuni Bazar 70.02 52.56 68.42 75.49 64.10 52.27 79.83 115.37
4 Golbazar 75.78 61.03 74.5 76.28 68.19 59.73 88.52 95.93
5 Agartala City centre 65.61 56.58 63.88 70.57 62.47 51.45 75.62 97.93
6 Chandrapur Motor Stand 72.28 56.55 70.88 74.06 65.71 58.91 84.01 89.51
7 Post-office Chowmuni 71.45 58.56 70.57 72.97 62.5 47.21 82.07 102.25
Table-5: Noise Data of Commercial Areas in Db.
16-09-2020 33

SL No. Noise Level (in db.) Effects
01. up to 23 No disturbance
02. 30—60 Stress, tension, psychological (illness, heart attack) effects especially at upper range.
03. 60—90 Damage to health, psychological and vegetative (disturbance in stomach-gall function, pains in muscles,
high blood pressure, disturbance in sleeping)
04. 60—120 Damages to health and ontological (ear diseases) effects
05. Above 120 Painful effects in long run.
Table- 7: Noise Pollution Level and Its Harmful Effects.
16-09-2020 34

The present study is restricted to Agartala City. It is also confined to assess the current status and trend of
noise pollution level in Agartala city. However, there exists a strong chance of enhanced noise pollution at
the time festive season. Uses of loud speaker, microphones have become a regular phenomenon for
various religious activities in Tripura particularly at the Agartala city. Therefore, certain restrictions are
necessary for use of loud speaker, microphones in any occasions. At the same time, adequate preventive
measures are necessary to cope with the problem associated with noise pollution. The study finds that
certain restriction on the use of sound generating instruments, mass awareness among people and regular
enforcement of Noise Pollution (Prevention & Control) Rules 2000 will seek a solution of noise pollution
problems of the Agartala City.
It is clear from the present study that the different zones of Agartala town are highly exposed to noise
pollution. Rapid urbanization and rapid increase of vehicular population are the main reason that poses
noise pollution in the town. Besides, unplanned urbanization is also responsible for environmental
degradation in the town. Hence, proper planning like eco-city planning etc. will be a possible solution for
redressing such type of noise pollution problem. Apart from the Eco-City planning, people participation in
the matter of environment will also seek a solution of noise pollution problem. Mass environmental
awareness generation may play an important role in the matter of prevention and control of noise
pollution. At the same time, necessary preventive measures must be taken by the appropriate authority to
implement the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 in time bound manner. As it is a
short-term assessment of noise pollution problems in the town, further study may also be required to
address the chronic effect of noise pollution in the Agartala urban area.
16-09-2020 35
CONCLUSIONS

References
1.Sampath S., Das M. S. And Kumar S. V. (2004). Ambient Noise Levels In Major Cities In Tripura. J.I Nd.
Geophys. Union. Vol. 8(4), Pp-293-298.
2. Anomohanran O. (2013). Evaluation Of Environmental Noise Pollution In Agartala, The Capital City Of
Tripura. International Journal Of Research And Reviews In Applied Sciences, Volume 14 (2), Pp-470-476.
3. International Journal Of Research In Engineering And Technology, eLSSN 2319-1163 ,
Noise Pollution Assessment In Greater Agartala City ,By Pulakesh Sen1, Abir Bhattacherjee
M. Tech Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering, National Institute Of Technology, Agartala, India .
Website:
1.trpenvis.nic.in
2.https://www.academia.edu
3.http://www.researchgate.net2932
4. http://www.researchgate.net2844
5.http://www.hindawi.com
6.https://trid.trb.org
7.http://www.ijert.org
8. http://www.uniindia.com
16-09-2020 36

Noise pollution a case studies In Agartala municipal council

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Noise pollution a case studies In Agartala municipal council

Similar to Noise pollution a case studies In Agartala municipal council (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Noise pollution a case studies In Agartala municipal council