Ninti One research presentation day Theme 1 Productive Landscapes
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Ninti One research presentation day, 8 August 2013, National Portrait Gallery, Canberra. Theme 1: Productive Landscapes
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Ninti One research presentation day Theme 1 Productive Landscapes
- 3. Ninti One and the Pastoral Industry Andy Bubb – 21st Century Pastoralism Project Leader (2007‐2010)
- 4. Australia’s Rangelands • Australia is the driest inhabited continent in the world; • 81% of it is either arid or semi arid land • Highly variable rainfall in timing and intensity Australian Climate Zones Tropical Temperate Subtropical Grassland Equatorial Desert
- 5. Australia’s Rangelands • Have supported at least 40,000 years of Aboriginal occupancy • Major source of Australia’s exports through mining and Agriculture • Desert syndrome i) Climate variability, ii) Scarce Resources, iii) sparse population, iv) Remoteness, v) social variability vi) local knowledge vii) cultural differences
- 6. Pastoralism in the Australian Rangelands • 3000 Pastoral enterprises across the Australian Rangelands. Well established, enduring, resilient and economically profitable • Research and development within Rangeland Pastoralism traditionally divided by state borders, deserts and organisational structures • Sometimes viewed as ‘less productive areas of temperate production’ rather than ‘highly productive arid zone enterprises’
- 7. 21st Century Pastoralism •Recognised the linkages between remote rangeland enterprises •Identified that businesses operate on huge scale, profitability is based on low input/low output model • Alice Springs region Northern Territory cattle station averages: •3800km2 running 6000 cattle by 3‐6 staff members •11 Paddocks averaging 335km2, 27 watering points •Huge amount of time and money spent on checking and maintaining water
- 9. Utilising Technology: WaterSmart Pastoral Production Project • • Tested commercially available technologies on working cattle enterprises Pastoralists employed as researchers and became key communicators of results to their peers in industry $80,000 Telemetry costs and recovery period $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 Napperby Mt. Ive Remote Management Technology Cost Monkira De Rose Hill Quinyambie 1st year indicative saving
- 10. Utilising Technology: The Remote Livestock Management System Challenges to production are: • Availability and cost of labour • High costs associated with managing cattle • High cost of collected data potentially outweighs the benefits • Worker safety can be a challenge • Automating these processes was a major outcome for Ninti One and Partners
- 11. COMPUTER RECEIVES TELEMETRY INFORMATION Remote livestock management system elements SOLAR PANELS COMPUTER CONTROLLER AUTOMATIC WEIGH IN
- 12. Utilising Technology: Towards Precision Pastoralism • Individual animal data • Accurate • Spatial data • Remote sensing with high spatial resolution (MODIS) more frequently
- 17. Background and Research Context • This research program is: • Analysing how mining activities in remote areas can leave a legacy of enduring benefits to communities and SME beyond the mines life. • Benefits and costs – where and for whom? • Developing strategies for Risk and Resilience
- 19. Impacts • Direct employment opportunities from mining • More opportunities and potential enduring benefits in support services • Dramatic impacts on communities e.g. – • long distance commuting • Poor strategic planning (lifecycle planning) • Population churn
- 20. Impacts • Long distance commuting. Research shows that: • More could be done by companies, including contractors, construction and resource companies to ensure communities derive benefits from long distance commuting • All spheres of government have a responsibility to provide workable and responsive guidelines and frameworks • There are benefits from long distance commuting which could be better captured and understood
- 22. Achievements • The socio‐economic impacts of long distance commuting (LDC) on two source communities, tracking impacts on the: • The local economy • The commuting worker • The family in the source community • Community services • Health and education services
- 23. Results so far …. • Long distance commuting is a diverse and dynamic phenomenon which could be better managed and understood. It is not all bad, in fact, there are many benefits. • Many benefits from mining flow to capital cities and boardrooms – capturing the benefits at the local level demands fundamental corporate re‐assessment about corporate social responsibility • Mine lifecycle planning is very important, but plans cannot be static. Communities and economies are fluid and plans must therefore be responsive. • Government has a vital role to ensure optimal strategic planning and prescient community and infrastructure investment
- 26. Productive Landscapes: Climate change adaptation Energy futures New carbon economies Principal Research Leader ‐ Digby Race, CSIRO
- 28. Systems approach Increasing heat (more intensive ‘heatwaves’) affecting community health & workforce productivity Increasing use of affordable renewable energy – domestic & business Energy futures Adopt energy & water efficiencies Invest in more robust infrastructure – domestic, business & transport Increasing operating costs (for cooling) & reducing productivity (agriculture) Climate change impacts Futures by design Climate change adaptation Changing work practices (outdoor activities informed by current weather) Increasing extreme weather events (flooding, storms) Damaging infrastructure & limiting transportation Changes – incremental & transformative
- 29. Projected impacts for Central Australia • Increase in days per year over 35°C from 90 (current) to 132‐182 (by 2070) – leading to increased heat stress (heat‐related deaths could increase by as much as 10 times in QLD & the NT by 2100, Hughes & McMichael 2011); • Increase in sickness & hospital admissions (& associated lost days at work/school & additional care required) (health care services cost $5,000 per person & expected to nearly double by 2050, Hughes & McMichael 2011); • Extreme weather events can compound the delivery of health services – increase demand yet limit provision (flooding & cyclones in QLD during 2010‐11 caused $18 million damage to health services);
- 30. Projected impacts for Central Australia (continued ...) • Impacts on the productivity of agricultural industries (contribution to Aust’s GDP from agriculture to decline by 20% in 2100, with most decline concentrated in Northern Aust, Garnaut 2008); • Significant increase in the required energy for cooling, but a small reduction in the energy required for heating; • Costs for maintaining roads & other infrastructure expected to rise. Crossing the Todd River in Alice Springs (Photos: D. Race & J. Addison) 41
- 31. Exposure in Central Australia Source: J. Addison 2013; graph design: R. Brown 42
- 32. Recent (2003) & projected days above 35°C at selected towns under ‘high’ emission scenario. Source: Suppiah et al. 2007. “... it is clear that people will need to adapt to changing (climatic) conditions ...” Productivity Commission (2012) 43
- 33. Emerging results: Climate change adaptation The Northern Australian beef cattle industry: • value • sensitivity rainfall variability • challenging herd management • access to markets • electricity & fuel costs • ‘tools’ to assist producers (Photo: Manchini, Flickr Creative Commons) 44
- 34. Transport disparity in remote Australia Source: B. Spandonide 2013. • People living in remote Australia are more dependent on private transport, yet face higher costs & more dangerous driving conditions; • What are the alternatives for more affordable & safer transport for remote Australians? 45
- 36. ASC: about 30% households involved Source: L. Havas et al. 2012. 47
- 37. Source: L. Havas et al. 2012. Lessons from ASC Source: L. Havas et al. 2012. Household income not a good predictor of PV adoption No ‘rebound’ affect in energy usage by PV adopters 48
- 38. Co‐benefits in a ‘carbon’ economy • Correlation of ‘carbon’ businesses to bio‐activity • ‘Carbon’ benefits from changes in land management • Australian Government support • Economic incentives • Co‐benefits will add‐value to the price of carbon, thereby expand the carbon economy. 49
- 39. Key messages from project so far ... • Combination of ‘climate & energy’ issues is anticipated to be a major driver of change in remote Central & Northern Aust – will affect agricultural industries, community & workforce health, infrastructure; • Conventional adaptation to climate extremes is energy & water‐ intensive, unlikely to be sustainable in remote Central & Northern Aust – focus on improving energy & water efficiency & alternatives to enhance ‘liveability’; • Co‐benefits from carbon‐cultural landscape management can be applied to Aust’s remote productive landscapes – may lead to transformational change in commercial opportunities; • Building the adaptive capacity of people & organisations is required: • No regrets, • Flexible, • Hard & soft (e.g. Invest in physical & social capitals). 50
- 40. Project team Jane Addison (consultant), Tira Foran (CSIRO), Lisa Havas (CDU), Catherine Matthews (CDU), Cathy Robinson (CSIRO), Glenn Ronan (NTG), Bruno Spandonide (CAT), Danny Ware (Ninti One) & Digby Race (CSIRO) Project partners • • • • • • • CSIRO, Centre for Appropriate Technology, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory Government, Tangentyere Council, Northern Territory Government Power & Water Corporation, Australian Government Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport. 51
- 46. Clean Energy Future • Australian Government Clean Energy Future Plan • Regional Natural Resource Management Planning for Climate Change Fund • providing $43.9 million over five financial years to improve regional planning for climate change and help guide the location of carbon and biodiversity activities. • aims to improve the capacity of regional NRM organisations to plan for climate change
- 49. Rangelands Cluster Project • Research partners – CSIRO and Monash University • NRM organisations: • Alinytjara Wilurara NRM • Desert Channels Qld • Rangelands NRM WA • SA Arid Lands NRM • South West NRM (Qld) • Territory NRM • Western CMA (NSW)