An incidence matrix provides information about incoming and outgoing currents at nodes in a circuit. It is made up of nodes as rows and branches as columns, with incoming branches represented by -1, outgoing by 1, and unconnected by 0. A reduced incidence matrix omits one row for less cost and to test circuits, though its columns may not sum to zero.

2. INCIDENCE MATRIX
Incidence matrix give information about incoming and
outgoing currents at a node in a circuit.
Incidence matrix made up
made of nodes and branches.
Incidence matrix can only made
from directed graph.

3. HOW TO FORM INCIDENCE MATRIX
If you are provided with a directed graph, take nodes as row of incidence
matrix and branches as column.
Take incoming braches to a node as -1, outgoing as 1, and not connected
as 0.
Note that sum of column is zero.

4. THIS DIAGRAM EXPLAIN FORMATION OF INCIDENCE MATRIX

5. REDUCED MATRIX
Incidence matrix is known as reduced matrix when one row of incidence
matrix is omitted .
The sum of column is not necessary to be zero.
It is used to test a circuit , find problem in circuit .
It include less cost as compared to incidence matrix.

6. REDUCED MATRIX