The physical layer is responsible for sending computer bits from one device to another along a network. It performs functions like defining bits, determining data rate, ensuring synchronization between sending and receiving devices, and determining the transmission mode and interface. The document discusses different types of physical media used at this layer, including copper cabling like UTP, fiber optic cabling, and wireless media. Copper is used for Ethernet and telephone connections due to its ability to transfer data. Fiber optic cable is used for long-distance, high-performance networking. Wireless media allows for transmission without wires.

1. PHYSICAL LAYER
DATA & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose of the
Physical Layer
01 Physical Layer
Characteristics
02 Cooper Cabling
03
UTP Cabling
04 Fiber-Optic
Cabling
05 Wireless
Media
06

3. PURPOSE OF THE
PHYSICAL LAYER
01

4. WHAT IS PHYSICAL
LAYER?
The physical layer is responsible for
sending computer bits from one device to
another along the network.

5. WHAT IS THE MAIN ROLE OF
PHYSICAL LAYER?
Physical Layer is responsible for the communication of the
unstructured raw data streams over a physical medium. Physical
Layer maintains the data rate (how many bits a sender can send
per second). It performs Synchronization of

6. To do this, the physical layer performs a variety of functions,
including:
Defining bits: Determines how bits are converted from 0s and 1s to a signal.
Data rate: Determines how fast the data flows, in bits per second.
Synchronization: Ensures that sending and receiving devices are
synchronized.
Transmission mode: Determines the direction of transmissions and whether
those are simplex (one signal is transmitted in one direction), half-
duplex (data goes in both directions, but not at the same time) and full-
duplex (data is transmitted in both directions, simultaneously)
Interface: Determines how devices are connected to a transmission medium
such as Ethernet or radio waves

7. PHYSICAL LAYER
CHARACTERISTICS
02

8. PHYSICAL LAYER CHARACTERISTICS

9. COPPER CABLING
03

10. WHAT IS COPPER USED
FOR?
Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical
wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power
transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics
circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and
its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts.
.

11. COPPER WIRES

12. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
COPPER?
The function of network cabling is to transfer information and data
between networked devices, such as routers, computers, switches,
hubs, repeaters, storage networks and more.

13. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
COPPER?
The function of network cabling is to transfer information and data
between networked devices, such as routers, computers, switches,
hubs, repeaters, storage networks and more.

14. UTP CABLING
04

15. WHAT IS THE USE OF UTP
CABLE?
UTP cables are commonly used as telephone wired and Ethernet
cables in telephone connections and LAN (Local Area Networks).

16. UTP COLOR CODING

17. UTP COLOR CODING

18. UTP COLOR CODING

19. FABRIC- OPTIC
CABLING
05

20. WHAT IS THE USE OF FIBR
OPTIC CABLE?
Fiber optics is used for long-distance and high-performance
data networking.

21. FIBR-OPTIC CABLE

22. WIRELESS MEDIA
06

23. WHAT IS WIRELESS MEDIA?
Wireless media are also one of the means of communication in which
we transmit data and information from one place to another place
wirelessly without any use of an electrical conductor as a
medium.

24. THANK YOU SO
MUCH FOR
LISTENING!