Egypt is located in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip. It has a population of over 78 million people, most of whom live in the fertile Nile River valley and delta. Egypt has over 6,000 years of recorded history, dating back to ancient Egypt which was one of the earliest civilizations and influenced many later cultures. In modern history, Egypt was invaded by Ottoman and British forces and became a British protectorate until gaining independence in 1922.

1. By: Kaitlyn GlennEgypt:A Central Nation

2. Geography – Statistics & FactsWorld’s 38th largest country 1,001,450 square ftNile Valley and Delta contain 99% of population Borders:Libya – WestSudan – SouthGaza Strip & Israel – EastThe Nile – World’s second-longest riverFlows south to north The Nile

3. Rainfall: Averages 2 – 5 mm per year (south of Cairo)Up to 410 mm per year on small strip of northern coastSnow:Sinai mountainsSome northern cities (such as Damietta, Baltim…etc)Temperature:80 °F – 90 °F in summer (up to 109 °F on Red Sea Coast) 55 °F – 70 °F in winterThe Khamaseen (wind blowing from the south) can raise the temperature in the desert to above 100 °F in the springGeography - Climate

4. People – Demographics Most populated country in the Middle East78,866,635 people (July 2009 est.)Religion:90% IslamThe rest are mostly Christian (Coptic Orthodox)Ethnicity:91% EgyptianMinorities include:Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes of Sinai Peninsula, the Siwis of the Siwa Oasis, Nubian communities that live along the Nile, and the tribal communities of Beja

5. People - Economy Depends on:AgricultureMediaPetroleum exportsTourismEnergy production:CoalOilNatural gasHydro powerThird largest receiver of post-Iraq war funds given by United StatesCairo – The Capital of Egypt

6. Among the earliest civilizationsInfluenced European, Middle Eastern, and some African culturesOne of the first Arab-speaking nationsEgypt’s ancient culture influenced:Modern Western cultureArab culture LiteratureMusicFilmTelevisionEgyptian civilization is renowned for its architecture:The Temples of Abu SimbelValley of the KingsThe Great Sphinx of Giza…etcAncient Culture

7. Cairo (“Hollywood of the Middle East”)Cairo Opera House:Main performing arts venue in CairoCairo International Film FestivalOne of eleven festivals with a top class ratingLiteratureEgyptian novelists & poets were among the first to use the modern styles of Arabic literatureVernacular poetry is most popular genreMusicMixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African, and Western elementsModern Culture

8. History – Ancient Egypt6,000 years of recorded historyOld Kingdom2700-2200 BCFamous for pyramidsPyramid of DjoserGiza PyramidsMiddle Kingdom2040 BCStronger Nile floods and stabilization of governmentNew Kingdom1550-1070 BCBegan with Eighteenth DynastyMarked the rise of Egypt as an international powerNoted for well-known Pharaoh's:HatshepsutThutmose IIIAkhenaten& NefertitiTutankhamun (King Tut)Ramesses II

9. History – Modern History Invaded by Napoleon in 1798Invaded by Ottoman, Mamluk, and British forces in 1801Muhammad Ali became the Sultan in Istanbul’s viceroy of Egypt in 1805Military focus“Modernizer of Egypt”Built a system of canals for irrigation & transportIn 1820, Egypt was introduced to long-staple cotton (‘Egyptian’ cotton)Agriculture became a cash-crop monocultureMuhammad succeeded by:Ibrahim (September 1848)Abbas I (November 1848)Said (1854)Isma’il (1863)Dissatisfaction of people led to formation of first nationalist groupings in 1879

10. SourcesWikipedia: Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptWikipedia: Geography of Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#GeographyWikipedia: Demographics of Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#DemographicsWikipedia: Economy of Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#EconomyWikipedia: Culture of Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#CultureWikipedia: History of Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#HistoryBook: The Second WorldKhanna, Parag. The Second World. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2008