This document summarizes a conceptual model exploring the relationship between ethnic diversity/immigration and social capital, and the potential mediating role of nationalism. It hypothesizes that countries with high levels of civic nationalism will experience a smaller negative effect of diversity on social capital than countries with high levels of ethnic nationalism. The document outlines the variables that will be used, including measures of nationalism, social capital, and diversity/immigration drawn from different datasets. It also notes some control variables that will be included like levels of democracy, inequality, and institutional effectiveness.

1. Nationalism and Social Capital

2. ________Dependent Variable_________
Social Capital
‘connections among individuals - social networks and the norms of
social networks and the norms of
reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.’ (Putnam, 2000)
reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.’ (Putnam, 2000)
Structure Culture
social networks norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness

3. ________Independent variables_________
Ethnic diversity (Immigration)
– Multiculturalism (or ethnic diversity) relates to
communities containing multiple cultures. […] As a
descriptive term, it usually refers to the simple
fact of cultural diversity. (Heywood 2000 in wikipedia, 2013)

4. ________ Theoretical debate _________
Conceptual model
Diversity
Social capital
(Immigration)
-
Putnam (2007) - E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century The 2006 Johan
Skytte Prize Lecture

5. ________Mediating Variable_________
Nationalism – Who’s in?
Civic/Liberal (Jus sanguinis )
• “Respect for countries laws
and political insitutions”
(Reeskens &Wright, 2013)
-> Article 8 of Rijkswet op het
Nederlanderschap
– Taal
– verbondenheid

6. “Ik zweer (verklaar) dat ik de
grondwettelijke orde van het Koninkrijk
der Nederlanden, haar vrijheden en
rechten respecteer en zweer (beloof) de
plichten die het staatsburgerschap met
zich meebrengt getrouw te vervullen.”
Degene die de verklaring aflegt
voegt daar ter bevestiging aan toe:
“Zo waarlijk helpe mij God almachtig”
of:
“Dat verklaar en beloof ik”.
(Rijksoverheid, 2009)

7. ________Mediating Variable_________
Nationalism – Who’s in?
Civic/Liberal (Jus sanguinis) Ethnic (Jus soli)
• “Respect for countries laws • Born on soil
and political insitutions” • Ancestry
(Reeskens &Wright, 2013)
-> Article 8 of Rijkswet op het -> Article 3 of Rijkswet op het
Nederlanderschap Nederlanderschap
– Taal
– verbondenheid

8. ________ Theoretical debate _________
Conceptual model
Type of nationalism
Diversity/
Social capital
Immigration
-
Reeskens, T., & Wright, M. (2013). Nationalism and the Cohesive Society : A Multilevel Analysis of the
Interplay among Diversity, National Identity, and Social Capital across 27 European Societies . Comparative
Political Studies, 46, pp. 153-181.

9. ________Hypothesis_________
Hypothesis 1: Countries where civic nationalism is
high are experience a smaller negative effect
of effect of diversity on social capital than
those where it is not.
Hypothesis 2: Countries where civic nationalism is
high are experience a smaller negative effect
of effect of diversity on social capital than
those where it is not.

10. ________Datasets_________
• World Value Study gulf 2005-2007
• DIOC 2001
• OECD Trade Union Density
• Economic surveys from OECD

11. ________ Operationalization_________
Variables of Interest
Nationalism (WVS)
Requirements for Citizenship: How important?
Requirement Importance (3=very important)
Born on soil 1 2 3
Ancestry 1 2 3
Follow the law 1 2 3
Social capital (VWS)
“Generally speaking, would
you say that most people can be trusted or that you can’t be too careful in
dealing with people?” Y/N
“Active/Inactive membership of labour unions”
Ethnic diversity/immigration (OECD)

12. ________ Operationalization_________
Control
Standard Social Science Control Variables
Institutional variables
1. Years of continuous democracy
2. Level of economic inequality
3. Effecetiveness of formal institutions
Interaction effects

13. Thank you!
Questions or Comments?