National health policy in India..............................................................mmmjjjhjrjrgrhfhrjirbruwkebgrurjrnjrjrjrihrvturnrurj
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This presentation deals with advent of NRHM, backdrop of public health scenario prior to NRHM & discusses in details vision & core strategy of NRHM. It focuses on different schemes related to maternal & child health under NRHM with special reference to Maharashtra.
The document summarizes the evolution of universal health coverage in India from 1946 to present. Key milestones include recommendations from committees such as the Bhore Committee in 1946 which recommended integrating preventive and curative services and establishing primary health centers. Other committees addressed issues like medical education reform, strengthening district hospitals, and establishing a unified health cadre. National policies in 1983, 2002, and 2017 aimed to provide comprehensive primary health care through a decentralized public health system. Key programs launched include the National Rural Health Mission in 2005, National Health Mission in 2013, and Ayushman Bharat in 2018 which aims to provide health insurance coverage to 500 million Indians.
The National Health Policy of 2002 aimed to improve healthcare access and quality in India. Key goals included increasing public health spending to 2-6% of GDP, decentralizing healthcare delivery, and achieving targets like reducing infant mortality. The policy focused on strengthening primary healthcare, expanding the role of local governments and the private sector, increasing healthcare resources and education, and developing disease surveillance networks. It aimed to make progress on health indicators and achieve various health targets by 2000-2015.
The document summarizes key points from India's National Health Policy of 2002, including its goals of increasing health spending and access to services. The policy aimed to boost primary healthcare and decentralize services. It also sought to enhance regulation of private providers, expand the health workforce, and strengthen disease surveillance.
The document outlines India's National Health Policy from 2002. It aims to achieve an acceptable standard of health for the Indian population through decentralizing the public health system and ensuring more equitable access to healthcare. Specific objectives include enhancing private sector contribution, prioritizing prevention, rationalizing drug use, and increasing access to traditional medicine. The policy sets goals such as eradicating certain diseases by target years and reducing mortality and morbidity rates. It also recommends increasing health expenditure and personnel norms to improve the healthcare system.
The document outlines the key aspects of India's National Health Policies from 1983 to 2017. It discusses the goals and objectives of each policy, which focused on strengthening primary healthcare, reducing disease burdens, and improving access to healthcare. The National Health Policy of 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and deliver affordable, quality healthcare for all. Its goals include reducing mortality rates and expanding coverage of health services by 2025. The policy also identifies priority areas like sanitation, nutrition, and reducing pollution to improve population health.
National health policy, population policy, ayushKailash Nagar
The document outlines key aspects of India's national health, population, and Ayush policies. It discusses the objectives and goals of the National Health Policy of 2002, including reducing infant and maternal mortality rates and increasing health spending. It also summarizes the National Population Policy of 2000, which aims to address unmet family planning needs and reduce total fertility rates. Finally, it provides an overview of the various policy prescriptions and strategies across these national policies.
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in India in 2005 to address the lack of accessible and affordable primary healthcare, especially in rural areas. It aims to provide universal access to public health services through community health workers like ASHAs. Key strategies include strengthening subcenters, primary health centers, and community health centers. It works to reduce maternal and child mortality rates and aims to make primary healthcare services available within one kilometer of every village. The NRHM is overseen by committees at the national, state, and district levels to monitor progress and outcomes.
This presentation deals with advent of NRHM, backdrop of public health scenario prior to NRHM & discusses in details vision & core strategy of NRHM. It focuses on different schemes related to maternal & child health under NRHM with special reference to Maharashtra.
The document summarizes the evolution of universal health coverage in India from 1946 to present. Key milestones include recommendations from committees such as the Bhore Committee in 1946 which recommended integrating preventive and curative services and establishing primary health centers. Other committees addressed issues like medical education reform, strengthening district hospitals, and establishing a unified health cadre. National policies in 1983, 2002, and 2017 aimed to provide comprehensive primary health care through a decentralized public health system. Key programs launched include the National Rural Health Mission in 2005, National Health Mission in 2013, and Ayushman Bharat in 2018 which aims to provide health insurance coverage to 500 million Indians.
The National Health Policy of 2002 aimed to improve healthcare access and quality in India. Key goals included increasing public health spending to 2-6% of GDP, decentralizing healthcare delivery, and achieving targets like reducing infant mortality. The policy focused on strengthening primary healthcare, expanding the role of local governments and the private sector, increasing healthcare resources and education, and developing disease surveillance networks. It aimed to make progress on health indicators and achieve various health targets by 2000-2015.
The document summarizes key points from India's National Health Policy of 2002, including its goals of increasing health spending and access to services. The policy aimed to boost primary healthcare and decentralize services. It also sought to enhance regulation of private providers, expand the health workforce, and strengthen disease surveillance.
The document outlines India's National Health Policy from 2002. It aims to achieve an acceptable standard of health for the Indian population through decentralizing the public health system and ensuring more equitable access to healthcare. Specific objectives include enhancing private sector contribution, prioritizing prevention, rationalizing drug use, and increasing access to traditional medicine. The policy sets goals such as eradicating certain diseases by target years and reducing mortality and morbidity rates. It also recommends increasing health expenditure and personnel norms to improve the healthcare system.
The document outlines the key aspects of India's National Health Policies from 1983 to 2017. It discusses the goals and objectives of each policy, which focused on strengthening primary healthcare, reducing disease burdens, and improving access to healthcare. The National Health Policy of 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and deliver affordable, quality healthcare for all. Its goals include reducing mortality rates and expanding coverage of health services by 2025. The policy also identifies priority areas like sanitation, nutrition, and reducing pollution to improve population health.
National health policy, population policy, ayushKailash Nagar
The document outlines key aspects of India's national health, population, and Ayush policies. It discusses the objectives and goals of the National Health Policy of 2002, including reducing infant and maternal mortality rates and increasing health spending. It also summarizes the National Population Policy of 2000, which aims to address unmet family planning needs and reduce total fertility rates. Finally, it provides an overview of the various policy prescriptions and strategies across these national policies.
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in India in 2005 to address the lack of accessible and affordable primary healthcare, especially in rural areas. It aims to provide universal access to public health services through community health workers like ASHAs. Key strategies include strengthening subcenters, primary health centers, and community health centers. It works to reduce maternal and child mortality rates and aims to make primary healthcare services available within one kilometer of every village. The NRHM is overseen by committees at the national, state, and district levels to monitor progress and outcomes.
The document discusses India's national health policies. It outlines the key goals and elements of the first National Health Policy introduced in 1983, which aimed to achieve health for all by 2000. While some progress was made, many goals were not fully achieved due to various barriers. In response, the National Health Policy of 2002 was introduced with the objective of achieving acceptable health standards for the population. It outlined various strategies and components to strengthen the health system and increase access to healthcare across India.
This document summarizes the key points from a seminar on health policies. It defines health policies and outlines the steps for implementing a policy. It discusses the differences between public and private policy making and the various forms and categories of health policies. It then provides details on the formulation and objectives of India's National Health Policy from 1983 and its achievements and failures. Finally, it outlines the National Health Policy from 2002, its goals and objectives, and its components for reviewing the health situation and prescribing new policies.
Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well-being, and is crucial to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms.
The National Health Policy 2015 aimed to address inequities in India's health system and promote universal access to healthcare. It recognized achievements in reducing mortality rates but noted continued disparities between rural and urban areas. The policy sought to decentralize service delivery, strengthen primary healthcare, expand health insurance coverage, and increase investment in research. It also acknowledged the growing roles of the private healthcare sector and traditional medicine in meeting India's health needs.
national health policy , community health nursingShivalikaGulati
The document summarizes India's national health policies from 1983 to 2017. The 1983 policy focused on establishing primary health care services in remote areas. It emphasized preventive care. The 2002 policy revised goals to improve healthcare access and quality. It aimed to increase health spending and access to services. The 2017 policy identified seven priority areas for improving public health, including cleanliness, nutrition, accident prevention, and pollution reduction. The policies sought to strengthen India's public health system through primary care expansion and increasing resources.
This document outlines several national health policies and objectives in India, including the National Health Policy, National Policy on AYUSH, and National Population Policy. It provides definitions of policy and health policy. The objectives of the policies are to improve health status and outcomes, increase access to primary healthcare services, and strengthen the health system. Some specific goals mentioned are reducing mortality rates, increasing utilization of public health facilities, expanding health infrastructure and the community health workforce.
Nepal Health Sector Program Implementation Plan II (NHSP-IP2)Dip Narayan Thakur
The document summarizes Nepal's Health Sector Implementation Plan II (NHSP-IP II). NHSP-IP II aimed to strengthen Nepal's health system from 2010-2015 by improving access, equity, and utilization of essential health services. It reviewed achievements and shortcomings of NHSP-IP I and outlined NHSP-IP II's vision, goals, strategies, and financing plans. Key points included reducing morbidity and mortality through accessible, affordable, quality care; addressing sustainability issues in health financing; and achieving greater efficiency through health systems strengthening. Progress was made in areas like immunization and maternal health, but challenges remained around nutrition, non-communicable diseases, and equity gaps.
1. The document summarizes Nepal's Health Sector Implementation Plan 2 (NHSP-IP 2), which aimed to strengthen Nepal's health system from 2010-2015 by improving access, equity, and quality of essential health services.
2. Key goals of NHSP-IP 2 included reducing morbidity and mortality from common health problems by ensuring accessible, affordable, quality health care services.
3. The plan outlined strategies, programs and services, roles of non-state actors, and approaches to structure, financing, research and monitoring of Nepal's health system.
4. While progress was made in areas like immunization and reducing child and maternal mortality, challenges remained such as disparities in access, sustainability of financing
The document summarizes recommendations from the High Level Expert Group on achieving Universal Health Coverage in India. It discusses expanding health coverage to all citizens through a national health package, increasing public spending on health to 3% of GDP, strengthening primary healthcare and developing norms for facilities at each level of care. It also emphasizes improving human resources for health, community participation, and access to medicines. The overall vision is to ensure equitable access to quality health services for all Indians.
The 1991 National Health Policy of Nepal aimed to improve health standards and provide basic primary health services to rural populations. Its key objectives were to reduce infant and child mortality rates and provide modern medical facilities to rural areas. The policy established targets to reduce mortality rates and increase life expectancy by 2000. It outlined 15 components to guide preventive, promotive, curative, and other health services through expanding community-level infrastructure and mobilizing public participation. While it helped increase access to basic care and reduce mortality, weaknesses included incomplete development of specialized hospital services and underutilization of health research.
The document discusses India's National Health Mission (NHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Some key points:
- NHM was approved in 2013 and focuses on health system strengthening, reproductive/maternal/newborn/child health, and communicable/non-communicable diseases.
- NUHM was launched to improve health access for urban slum dwellers and other vulnerable groups in cities/towns with populations over 50,000.
- Both missions aim to reduce infant/maternal mortality rates and focus on interventions like institutional deliveries, antenatal/postnatal care, immunization, and addressing malnutrition.
The document discusses India's national health policies from 1983 to the present. It provides an overview of key events in India such as the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 and the goals and achievements of the National Health Policies of 1983, 2002, and 2017. The current National Health Policy of 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and access to affordable healthcare services while strengthening the health system through increased funding, expanded infrastructure and workforce.
Strategies for revamping of national rural health mission in indiaAlexander Decker
This document discusses strategies for revamping India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). It provides background on NRHM, launched in 2005 to strengthen rural health infrastructure and address gaps in health services. The document outlines NRHM's goals of reducing infant and maternal mortality, increasing access to public health services, and integrating vertical health programs. It also discusses NRHM's strategies, functioning through local health committees and Accredited Social Health Activists, and issues with coordination between programs and lack of performance monitoring. The document concludes with recommendations to address lack of trained personnel and improve association of district health societies for better NRHM implementation.
The document presents information on India's National Health Policies from 1983 to 2017. It discusses the goals and strategies of policies from 1983, 2002, and 2017. The key goals of policies included access to primary care for all, reducing mortality and disease prevalence, and achieving universal health coverage. The policies aimed to improve health infrastructure, personnel training, and integrate different medical systems to make progress toward health for all.
The document summarizes major national health policies and programs in India from 1983 to present. It begins with an introduction to definitions of health, policy, and health policy. It then outlines key national health policies including the National Health Policy of 1983 which emphasized primary health care and the National Health Policy of 2002 which aimed to achieve the unmet goals of the previous policy. Major programs are also summarized such as the National Urban Health Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission. The National Health Policy of 2017 identifies seven priority areas of focus.
The national health policies of Nepal from 1991 and 2015 aim to improve health services and promote public health. The 1991 policy focused on expanding primary health care and establishing services like preventive, curative, and traditional medicine across the country. It also addressed issues like human resources, community participation, and decentralization. The 2015 policy updated these areas and added new priorities around domestic resources, nutrition, environment, quality assurance, and financial security for treatment. Both policies seek to make basic health services accessible and establish an effective healthcare system with essential resources.
The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
Ayushman bharat comprehensive primary health care through healthRajeswari Muppidi
- The document discusses the establishment of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) in India as part of the Ayushman Bharat program to provide comprehensive primary healthcare through improved public health centers.
- The HWCs aim to expand services, increase access through population enumeration and empanelment, and improve health outcomes through a continuum of care across various levels of the healthcare system. They will work to reduce costs, mitigate disease risks, and ease overcrowding at higher-level facilities.
- Key goals for HWCs include delivering comprehensive preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care through adequately staffed and equipped centers integrated with mobile units, health promotion, community
The document discusses India's national health policies. It outlines the key goals and elements of the first National Health Policy introduced in 1983, which aimed to achieve health for all by 2000. While some progress was made, many goals were not fully achieved due to various barriers. In response, the National Health Policy of 2002 was introduced with the objective of achieving acceptable health standards for the population. It outlined various strategies and components to strengthen the health system and increase access to healthcare across India.
This document summarizes the key points from a seminar on health policies. It defines health policies and outlines the steps for implementing a policy. It discusses the differences between public and private policy making and the various forms and categories of health policies. It then provides details on the formulation and objectives of India's National Health Policy from 1983 and its achievements and failures. Finally, it outlines the National Health Policy from 2002, its goals and objectives, and its components for reviewing the health situation and prescribing new policies.
Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well-being, and is crucial to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms.
The National Health Policy 2015 aimed to address inequities in India's health system and promote universal access to healthcare. It recognized achievements in reducing mortality rates but noted continued disparities between rural and urban areas. The policy sought to decentralize service delivery, strengthen primary healthcare, expand health insurance coverage, and increase investment in research. It also acknowledged the growing roles of the private healthcare sector and traditional medicine in meeting India's health needs.
national health policy , community health nursingShivalikaGulati
The document summarizes India's national health policies from 1983 to 2017. The 1983 policy focused on establishing primary health care services in remote areas. It emphasized preventive care. The 2002 policy revised goals to improve healthcare access and quality. It aimed to increase health spending and access to services. The 2017 policy identified seven priority areas for improving public health, including cleanliness, nutrition, accident prevention, and pollution reduction. The policies sought to strengthen India's public health system through primary care expansion and increasing resources.
This document outlines several national health policies and objectives in India, including the National Health Policy, National Policy on AYUSH, and National Population Policy. It provides definitions of policy and health policy. The objectives of the policies are to improve health status and outcomes, increase access to primary healthcare services, and strengthen the health system. Some specific goals mentioned are reducing mortality rates, increasing utilization of public health facilities, expanding health infrastructure and the community health workforce.
Nepal Health Sector Program Implementation Plan II (NHSP-IP2)Dip Narayan Thakur
The document summarizes Nepal's Health Sector Implementation Plan II (NHSP-IP II). NHSP-IP II aimed to strengthen Nepal's health system from 2010-2015 by improving access, equity, and utilization of essential health services. It reviewed achievements and shortcomings of NHSP-IP I and outlined NHSP-IP II's vision, goals, strategies, and financing plans. Key points included reducing morbidity and mortality through accessible, affordable, quality care; addressing sustainability issues in health financing; and achieving greater efficiency through health systems strengthening. Progress was made in areas like immunization and maternal health, but challenges remained around nutrition, non-communicable diseases, and equity gaps.
1. The document summarizes Nepal's Health Sector Implementation Plan 2 (NHSP-IP 2), which aimed to strengthen Nepal's health system from 2010-2015 by improving access, equity, and quality of essential health services.
2. Key goals of NHSP-IP 2 included reducing morbidity and mortality from common health problems by ensuring accessible, affordable, quality health care services.
3. The plan outlined strategies, programs and services, roles of non-state actors, and approaches to structure, financing, research and monitoring of Nepal's health system.
4. While progress was made in areas like immunization and reducing child and maternal mortality, challenges remained such as disparities in access, sustainability of financing
The document summarizes recommendations from the High Level Expert Group on achieving Universal Health Coverage in India. It discusses expanding health coverage to all citizens through a national health package, increasing public spending on health to 3% of GDP, strengthening primary healthcare and developing norms for facilities at each level of care. It also emphasizes improving human resources for health, community participation, and access to medicines. The overall vision is to ensure equitable access to quality health services for all Indians.
The 1991 National Health Policy of Nepal aimed to improve health standards and provide basic primary health services to rural populations. Its key objectives were to reduce infant and child mortality rates and provide modern medical facilities to rural areas. The policy established targets to reduce mortality rates and increase life expectancy by 2000. It outlined 15 components to guide preventive, promotive, curative, and other health services through expanding community-level infrastructure and mobilizing public participation. While it helped increase access to basic care and reduce mortality, weaknesses included incomplete development of specialized hospital services and underutilization of health research.
The document discusses India's National Health Mission (NHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Some key points:
- NHM was approved in 2013 and focuses on health system strengthening, reproductive/maternal/newborn/child health, and communicable/non-communicable diseases.
- NUHM was launched to improve health access for urban slum dwellers and other vulnerable groups in cities/towns with populations over 50,000.
- Both missions aim to reduce infant/maternal mortality rates and focus on interventions like institutional deliveries, antenatal/postnatal care, immunization, and addressing malnutrition.
The document discusses India's national health policies from 1983 to the present. It provides an overview of key events in India such as the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 and the goals and achievements of the National Health Policies of 1983, 2002, and 2017. The current National Health Policy of 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and access to affordable healthcare services while strengthening the health system through increased funding, expanded infrastructure and workforce.
Strategies for revamping of national rural health mission in indiaAlexander Decker
This document discusses strategies for revamping India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). It provides background on NRHM, launched in 2005 to strengthen rural health infrastructure and address gaps in health services. The document outlines NRHM's goals of reducing infant and maternal mortality, increasing access to public health services, and integrating vertical health programs. It also discusses NRHM's strategies, functioning through local health committees and Accredited Social Health Activists, and issues with coordination between programs and lack of performance monitoring. The document concludes with recommendations to address lack of trained personnel and improve association of district health societies for better NRHM implementation.
The document presents information on India's National Health Policies from 1983 to 2017. It discusses the goals and strategies of policies from 1983, 2002, and 2017. The key goals of policies included access to primary care for all, reducing mortality and disease prevalence, and achieving universal health coverage. The policies aimed to improve health infrastructure, personnel training, and integrate different medical systems to make progress toward health for all.
The document summarizes major national health policies and programs in India from 1983 to present. It begins with an introduction to definitions of health, policy, and health policy. It then outlines key national health policies including the National Health Policy of 1983 which emphasized primary health care and the National Health Policy of 2002 which aimed to achieve the unmet goals of the previous policy. Major programs are also summarized such as the National Urban Health Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission. The National Health Policy of 2017 identifies seven priority areas of focus.
The national health policies of Nepal from 1991 and 2015 aim to improve health services and promote public health. The 1991 policy focused on expanding primary health care and establishing services like preventive, curative, and traditional medicine across the country. It also addressed issues like human resources, community participation, and decentralization. The 2015 policy updated these areas and added new priorities around domestic resources, nutrition, environment, quality assurance, and financial security for treatment. Both policies seek to make basic health services accessible and establish an effective healthcare system with essential resources.
The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
Ayushman bharat comprehensive primary health care through healthRajeswari Muppidi
- The document discusses the establishment of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) in India as part of the Ayushman Bharat program to provide comprehensive primary healthcare through improved public health centers.
- The HWCs aim to expand services, increase access through population enumeration and empanelment, and improve health outcomes through a continuum of care across various levels of the healthcare system. They will work to reduce costs, mitigate disease risks, and ease overcrowding at higher-level facilities.
- Key goals for HWCs include delivering comprehensive preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care through adequately staffed and equipped centers integrated with mobile units, health promotion, community
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. DR. KANUPRIYA
National Health Policy 2002
Objectives:
• Achieving an acceptable standard of
good health of Indian Population,
• Decentralizing public health system by
upgrading infrastructure in existing
institutions,
• Ensuring a more equitable access to
health service across the social and
geographical expanse of India.
3. DR. KANUPRIYA
NHP 2002, Objectives……..
• Enhancing the contribution of private
sector in providing health service for
people who can afford to pay.
• Giving primacy for prevention and first
line curative initiative.
• Emphasizing rational use of drugs.
• Increasing access to tried systems of
Traditional Medicine
4. DR. KANUPRIYA
1. Eradication of Polio & Yaws 2005
2. Elimination of Leprosy 2005
3. Elimination of Kala-azar 2010
4. Elimination of lymphatic Filariasis 2015
5. Achieve of Zero level growth 2007
of HIV/AIDS
Goals – NHP 2002
5. DR. KANUPRIYA
Goals – NHP 2002……
6.Reduction of mortality by 50% 2010
on account of Tuberculosis,
Malaria, Other vector and
water borne Diseases
7.Reduce prevalence of blindness 2010
to 0.5%
6. DR. KANUPRIYA
Goals – NHP 2002……
8. Reduction of IMR to 30/1000 & 2010
MMR to 100/lakh
9. Increase utilisation of public 2010
health facilities from current
level of <20% to > 75%
10. Establishment of an integrated 2007
system of surveillance,
National Health Accounts and
Health Statistics
7. DR. KANUPRIYA
Goals – NHP 2002……
11.Increase health expenditure 2010
by government as a % of
GDP from the existing
0.9% to 2.0%
12. Increase share of Central 2010
grants to constitute at least
25% of total health spending
8. DR. KANUPRIYA
Goals – NHP 2002……
13. Increase State Sector 2005
Health spending from
5.5% to 7% of the budget
14. Further increase of 2010
State sector
Health spending
from 7% to 8%
10. DR. KANUPRIYA
Differentials in health status
among rural/urban India
26.1
27.09
23.62
70
75
44
94.9
103.7
63.1
47.0
49.6
38.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
BPL IMR UFMR Wt. for age
India Rural Urban
11. DR. KANUPRIYA
Equity…..
• To overcome the
social inequality, NHP
2002 has set an
increased allocation
of 55% total public
health investment for
the primary health
sector, 35% for
secondary sector and
10% for tertiary
sector.
55%
35%
10%
Primary Secondary Tertiary
12. DR. KANUPRIYA
Delivery of national public
health programmes
• NHP 2002 envisages the gradual
convergence of all health programmes
under a single field administration.
• It suggests for a scientific designing of
public health projects suited to the local
situation.
13. DR. KANUPRIYA
Delivery of national public
health programmes…….
• Training and reorientation of rural
health staff and free hand to district
administration to allocate the time of
the rural health staff between the
various programmes, depending on
the local need is stressed.
14. DR. KANUPRIYA
Public health spending in
select countries
Population
with income
of less than
one dollar per
day
IMR
/1000
Health
expenditure
to GDP
Public
expenditur
e on health
to total
health
expenditur
e
India 44.2 % 70 5.2% 17.3%
China 18.5 % 31 2.7% 24.9%
Sri Lanka 6.6 % 16 3.0% 45.4%
UK - 6 5.8% 96.9%
USA - 7 13.7% 44.1%
15. DR. KANUPRIYA
Delivery of national public
health programmes…….
• Therefore, the policy places reliance on
strengthening of public health outcomes
on equitable basis.
• It recognises the need of user charge for
secondary and tertiary public health care
for those who can afford to pay.
16. DR. KANUPRIYA
Extending public health services
• Expanding the pool of General
Practitioners to include a cadres of
licentiates including Indian systems of
Medicine and Homoeopathy is
recommended in the policy.
• In order to provide trained manpower in
under served areas it recommends
contract employment.
17. DR. KANUPRIYA
Suggested norms for health personnel
Category of personnel Norms suggested
1 . Doctors 1 per 3,500 population
2. Nurses 1 per 5,000 population
3. Health worker female and
male
1 per 5,000 population in plain area and
3000 population in tribal and hilly
areas.
4. Trained dai 1per village
5. Health assistant (male and
female
1 per 30,000 population in plain area
and 20000 population in tribal and
hilly areas.
6. Health assistant (male
and female)
provides supportive supervision
to 6 health workers (male /female).
7. Pharmacists 1 per 10,000 population
8. Lab. technicians 1 per 10,000 population
18. DR. KANUPRIYA
Education of health care
professionals
• NHP 2002 recommends setting up of a
Medical Grant Commission for funding
new government medical/dental
colleges.
• It suggests for a need based, skill
oriented syllabus with a more significant
component of practical training.
19. DR. KANUPRIYA
Education of health care
professionals…..
• The need for inclusion of contemporary
medical research and geriatric concern
and creation of additional PG seats in
deficient specialities are specified.
20. DR. KANUPRIYA
Need for specialists in
'public health' and 'family
medicine'
• For discharging public health responsibilities in
the country NHP 2002 recommends
specialisation in the disciplines of Public Health
and Family Medicine
• where medical doctors, public health engineers,
microbiologists and other natural science
specialists can take up the course.
21. DR. KANUPRIYA
Nursing personnel
• NHP 2002 recognises acute shortage of
nurses trained in superspeciality disciplines.
• It recommends increase of nursing personnel
in public health delivery centres and
establishment of training courses for
superspecialities.
22. DR. KANUPRIYA
Urban health
• Migration has resulted in urban growth which is
likely to go up to 33%.
• It anticipates rising vehicle density which lead
to serious accidents.
• In this direction, 2002 NHP has recommended
an urban primary health care structure as
under;
23. DR. KANUPRIYA
Urban health……
First Tier:-
• Primary centre cover 1 Lakh
population
– It functions as OPD facilities.
– It provides essential drugs.
– It will carry out national health
programmes.
24. DR. KANUPRIYA
Urban health……
Second Tier:-
• General Hospital a referral to primary
centre provides the care.
• The policy recommends a fully
equipped hub-spoke trauma care
network to reduce accident mortality.
25. DR. KANUPRIYA
Mental health
• Decentralised mental health service for
diagnosis and treatment by general duty
medical staff is recommended.
• It also recommends securing the human
rights of mentally sick.
26. DR. KANUPRIYA
Information Education and
Communication
• NHP 2002 has suggested
interpersonal communication by
folk and traditional media to bring
about behavioural change.
27. DR. KANUPRIYA
Information Education and
Communication…….
• School children are covered for promotion
of health seeking behaviour, which is
expected to be the most cost effective
intervention where health awareness
extends to family and further to future
generation.
28. DR. KANUPRIYA
Health research
• 2002 NHP noted the aggregate annual health
expenditure of Rs. 80,000 crores and on
research Rs. 1150 crores is quite low.
• The policy envisages an increase in govt.
funded health resources to a level of 1% total
health spending by 2005 and upto 2% by 2010.
• New therapeutic drugs and vaccines for
tropical disease are given priority.
29. DR. KANUPRIYA
Role of private sector
• The policy welcomes the participation of the
private sector in all areas of health activities
primary, secondary and tertiary health care
services;
• but recommended regularitory and
accreditation of private sector for the conduct
of clinical practice.
30. DR. KANUPRIYA
Role of private sector…..
• It has suggested a social health insurance
scheme for health service to the needy.
• It urges standard protocols in day-to-day
practice by health professionals.
• It recommends tele-medicine in tertiary care
services.
31. DR. KANUPRIYA
Health statistics
• NHP 2002 has recommended full baseline
estimate of tuberculosis, malaria and
blindness by 2005, and
• In the long run for cardiovascular
diseases, cancer, diabetes, accidents,
hepatitis and G.E.
32. DR. KANUPRIYA
Women's health
• After recognising the catalytic role of
empowered women in improving the
overall health standard of the country,
NHP 2002 has recommended to meet
the specific requirement of women in a
more comprehensive manner.
33. DR. KANUPRIYA
Medical ethics
• In India we have guidelines on
professional medical ethics since 1960.
• This is revised in 2001.
• Government of India has emphasised
the importance of moral and religious
dilemma.
34. DR. KANUPRIYA
Medical ethics…….
• NHP 2002 has recommended notifying
a contemporary code of ethics, which is
to be rigorously implemented by
Medical Council of India.
• The Policy has specified the need for a
vigilant watch on gene manipulation and
stem cell research.
35. DR. KANUPRIYA
Enforcement of
quality standard for
food and drugs
• NHP 2002 envisaged that Food and
Drug administration be strengthened in
terms of laboratory facilities and
technical expertise.
36. DR. KANUPRIYA
Regulation of standards in
paramedical disciplines
• More and more training institutions
have come up recently under
paramedical board which do not have
regulation or monitoring.
• Hence, establishment of Statutory
Professional Council for paramedical
discipline is recommended.
37. DR. KANUPRIYA
Environmental and
occupational health
• Government has noted the ambient
environment condition like unsafe drinking
water, unhygienic sanitation and air
pollution.
• Child labour and substandard working
conditions are causing occupational linked
ailments.
38. DR. KANUPRIYA
Environmental and
occupational health…….
• NHP 2002 has suggested for an
independent state policy and programme
for environment apart from periodic health
screening for high risk associated
occupation.