National Emergency PPT
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Emergency Meaning and it's Provisions in Constitution Types of Emergencies in India How many times National Emergency imposed in India ? Reason behind imposition of National Emergency National Emergency Announcement Effects of National Emergency Rajan Case
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Emergency.pptx
The document provides background information on the declaration of a National Emergency in India in 1975 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It describes the political and economic crises in India in the 1970s that led to unrest, including drought, high inflation, unemployment, and labor strikes. JP Narayan emerged to lead a movement against corruption and the Congress party with Indira Gandhi at its head. Gandhi refused their demands to resign, and instead imposed a state of Emergency on June 26, 1975, suspending civil liberties and consolidating her control. Both Gandhi and Narayan justified their actions as necessary but neither chose the democratic path, exacerbating the crisis.
emergency (1975-1977)
The document discusses different types of emergencies that can be declared in India - national emergency, financial emergency, and state emergency. It provides details on the national emergencies declared in 1962 during the India-China war and in 1971 during the India-Pakistan war. The emergency declared by Indira Gandhi from 1975-1977 is analyzed in depth, including the reasons for its imposition like electoral fraud allegations and protests, its effects on civil liberties and opposition leaders, and the role and censorship of the press during that time.
Indira gandhi ppt mohammed shaheed ts
Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India. She served from 1966 to 1977 and was assassinated in 1984. Some key points about her life and leadership:
- She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, and grew up involved in Indian politics.
- As Prime Minister, she oversaw the nationalization of major industries, implemented the Green Revolution, and supported the independence of Bangladesh during the 1971 war.
- Her government imposed emergency rule from 1975-1977, during which time civil rights were suspended and political opponents were imprisoned.
- She was assassinated in 1984 by two of her Sikh bodyguards in response to Operation Blue Star
Zia ul Haq.pptx
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq staged a coup in 1977 against Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. He suspended the constitution and imposed martial law. Zia ruled for over 11 years until his death in a plane crash in 1988. During his rule, Zia pursued the Islamization of laws and society in Pakistan, oversaw the Soviet-Afghan War, and engaged in a power struggle with Prime Minister Junejo before dismissing him in 1988. Zia's rule was the longest period of martial law in Pakistan's history.
Developments in 1980s.pptx
Indira Gandhi returned as Prime Minister in 1980 after her party, the Indian National Congress, won a landslide victory in elections. However, she struggled to effectively address problems like rising communalism and separatist movements in Punjab. The crisis in Punjab escalated after militant leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale took shelter in the Golden Temple complex. In 1984, the Indian Army stormed the Golden Temple to flush out Bhindranwale and his followers, in an operation called Operation Blue Star. This increased militancy in Punjab. After Indira Gandhi's assassination in 1984, her son Rajiv Gandhi became the new Prime Minister of India.
Emergency In India 1975-1977
The document discusses the three types of emergencies that can be declared in India according to the Constitution: National Emergency, State Emergency, and Financial Emergency. It provides details on the three occasions that National Emergency was proclaimed, for external aggression from China and Pakistan, and for internal disturbance. The emergency declared in 1975 imposed censorship and detained political opponents. While it had some economic benefits, it severely restricted civil liberties. The Constitution was amended post-1977 to put more restrictions on declaring emergency and increase parliamentary oversight.
Hist l 2 ix std
After gaining independence in 1947, India faced challenges of economic development, political stability, and social reforms. The 1960s saw key events like freeing Goa from Portuguese rule and the 1962 war with China. The 1970s witnessed the 1971 war resulting in Bangladesh's independence and India conducting its first nuclear test. Economic reforms in the 1990s liberalized the economy and increased foreign investment. Overall, India transitioned to a stable democracy while addressing issues of development, national identity, and social justice.
State of emergency
The document summarizes the State of Emergency declared in India from 1975-1977. It was proclaimed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi due to allegations of electoral fraud against her and increasing protests. During the Emergency, fundamental rights and freedoms were abolished. The government cracked down on political opposition and civil liberties. While some economic goals were achieved, it had negative social and political effects like banning opposition parties and putting their members in jail. After the Emergency ended in 1977, Indira Gandhi's party lost the election due to public backlash against her authoritarian actions.
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Emergency.pptx
The document provides background information on the declaration of a National Emergency in India in 1975 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It describes the political and economic crises in India in the 1970s that led to unrest, including drought, high inflation, unemployment, and labor strikes. JP Narayan emerged to lead a movement against corruption and the Congress party with Indira Gandhi at its head. Gandhi refused their demands to resign, and instead imposed a state of Emergency on June 26, 1975, suspending civil liberties and consolidating her control. Both Gandhi and Narayan justified their actions as necessary but neither chose the democratic path, exacerbating the crisis.
emergency (1975-1977)
The document discusses different types of emergencies that can be declared in India - national emergency, financial emergency, and state emergency. It provides details on the national emergencies declared in 1962 during the India-China war and in 1971 during the India-Pakistan war. The emergency declared by Indira Gandhi from 1975-1977 is analyzed in depth, including the reasons for its imposition like electoral fraud allegations and protests, its effects on civil liberties and opposition leaders, and the role and censorship of the press during that time.
Indira gandhi ppt mohammed shaheed ts
Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India. She served from 1966 to 1977 and was assassinated in 1984. Some key points about her life and leadership:
- She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, and grew up involved in Indian politics.
- As Prime Minister, she oversaw the nationalization of major industries, implemented the Green Revolution, and supported the independence of Bangladesh during the 1971 war.
- Her government imposed emergency rule from 1975-1977, during which time civil rights were suspended and political opponents were imprisoned.
- She was assassinated in 1984 by two of her Sikh bodyguards in response to Operation Blue Star
Zia ul Haq.pptx
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq staged a coup in 1977 against Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. He suspended the constitution and imposed martial law. Zia ruled for over 11 years until his death in a plane crash in 1988. During his rule, Zia pursued the Islamization of laws and society in Pakistan, oversaw the Soviet-Afghan War, and engaged in a power struggle with Prime Minister Junejo before dismissing him in 1988. Zia's rule was the longest period of martial law in Pakistan's history.
Developments in 1980s.pptx
Indira Gandhi returned as Prime Minister in 1980 after her party, the Indian National Congress, won a landslide victory in elections. However, she struggled to effectively address problems like rising communalism and separatist movements in Punjab. The crisis in Punjab escalated after militant leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale took shelter in the Golden Temple complex. In 1984, the Indian Army stormed the Golden Temple to flush out Bhindranwale and his followers, in an operation called Operation Blue Star. This increased militancy in Punjab. After Indira Gandhi's assassination in 1984, her son Rajiv Gandhi became the new Prime Minister of India.
Emergency In India 1975-1977
The document discusses the three types of emergencies that can be declared in India according to the Constitution: National Emergency, State Emergency, and Financial Emergency. It provides details on the three occasions that National Emergency was proclaimed, for external aggression from China and Pakistan, and for internal disturbance. The emergency declared in 1975 imposed censorship and detained political opponents. While it had some economic benefits, it severely restricted civil liberties. The Constitution was amended post-1977 to put more restrictions on declaring emergency and increase parliamentary oversight.
Hist l 2 ix std
After gaining independence in 1947, India faced challenges of economic development, political stability, and social reforms. The 1960s saw key events like freeing Goa from Portuguese rule and the 1962 war with China. The 1970s witnessed the 1971 war resulting in Bangladesh's independence and India conducting its first nuclear test. Economic reforms in the 1990s liberalized the economy and increased foreign investment. Overall, India transitioned to a stable democracy while addressing issues of development, national identity, and social justice.
State of emergency
The document summarizes the State of Emergency declared in India from 1975-1977. It was proclaimed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi due to allegations of electoral fraud against her and increasing protests. During the Emergency, fundamental rights and freedoms were abolished. The government cracked down on political opposition and civil liberties. While some economic goals were achieved, it had negative social and political effects like banning opposition parties and putting their members in jail. After the Emergency ended in 1977, Indira Gandhi's party lost the election due to public backlash against her authoritarian actions.
Congress
1. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and led India's independence movement against British rule.
2. After independence in 1947, the Congress became the dominant political party, holding power until 1977 and periodically after.
3. Key Congress leaders and prime ministers included Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, P.V. Narasimha Rao, and Manmohan Singh.
Vigilante the vigilance quiz
X is a famous Indian conman who was convicted for multiple frauds. He is known for his ability to disguise himself and forge signatures of prominent personalities to carry out scams.
Indira gandhi
Indira Gandhi was India's first female prime minister, serving from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. As prime minister, Gandhi strengthened India's economy and military, oversaw the nationalization of banks, and led India to victory in the 1971 war with Pakistan that resulted in the independence of Bangladesh. However, her declaration of a state of emergency from 1975-1977 in response to political unrest and her suspension of civil liberties were controversial and authoritarian actions. Gandhi's assassination in 1984 sparked deadly anti-Sikh riots in Delhi.
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After Nehru's death in 1964, India faced political and economic challenges. Shastri and Indira Gandhi succeeded Nehru as Prime Ministers. Indira Gandhi faced opposition from the "Syndicate" of senior Congress leaders and adopted more left-leaning policies. This led to a split in the Congress party in 1969. Indira formed the Congress (R) faction while the old guard formed Congress (O). In the 1971 elections, Indira campaigned on promises of removing poverty and inequality. Riding on issues of land reform and development, her Garibi Hatao message secured an overwhelming victory for Congress (R), restoring the dominance of the Congress system in India.
Class 8 Chapter 4 Understanding Laws civics extra questions and answers
This document provides answers to questions about laws and domestic violence in India. It defines key terms like rule of law, evolution, sedition, and repressive. It explains that historians refute that the British introduced rule of law in India because colonial law was arbitrary. The two key rights the Domestic Violence Act of 2005 helped achieve for women survivors of violence are outlined. Current protests in India against an IT law that allows censorship are discussed. Three forms of protest - Nirbhaya Movement, Chinese product boycott, and anti-reservation protests - are listed along with images. A short note on domestic violence is also provided.
Jawaharlal Nehru ppt.ppt
The document provides an overview of the political history of India since independence in 1947. It discusses key political leaders and events:
- Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of independent India from 1947-1964 and pushed for economic and social reforms.
- Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, was Prime Minister from 1966-1977 and 1980-1984, continuing her father's policies. She faced opposition from Sikh separatists.
- Manmohan Singh currently serves as Prime Minister, having held the position since 2004 with the support of the Indian National Congress party.
Jp movement and emergency imposed in 1975 ppt
The document summarizes the events leading up to the declaration of Emergency in India in 1975. It describes the worsening economic, law and order, and political crises facing the country. This included high inflation, strikes, and growing corruption. It also discusses the popular movements against the Congress government in Gujarat and Bihar led by Jayaprakash Narayan that demanded dissolution of the state assemblies. Narayan formed the National Coordination Committee and challenged Indira Gandhi in upcoming elections. However, before elections could be held, the President declared a state of Emergency in 1975 based on the worsening conditions.
RTI final final22 Jul.pptx
The document discusses India's Right to Information Act of 2005. It provides a legal framework for citizens' democratic right to access information held by public authorities. Key points covered include the historical context leading to the act, how it improved upon the previous Freedom of Information Act of 2002, the roles and responsibilities of Public Information Officers, Appellate Authorities and the Central Information Commission in the RTI process, exemptions and penalties under the act, and how RTI has empowered citizens and increased transparency in government.
India, 2nd Of 2
- India has a fragmented multiparty system, with over 30 parties currently represented in the Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament). Forming a governing coalition requires larger parties to work with numerous smaller regional or caste-based parties.
- Secularism remains a challenge as minority rights for Muslims are seen as departing from secularism by some Hindus, while lack of separate religious laws is viewed as imposition by some Muslims.
- The judiciary and active press have helped defend India's democracy by checking challenges to the system. However, both natural disasters and political violence continue to impact India.
Indian national movement
A Template for
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT
CBSE BASED
Really good with animations,
ppt2003 compatible
Crisis of Democratic Order and REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS
The document contains 30 multiple choice questions related to the political crisis in India during the Emergency period from 1975-1977. Some of the key topics covered include the conditions under which JP Narayan joined the Bihar student movement, the opposition parties that supported the JP movement, the article under which Emergency was imposed, the president at the time, the parties that supported the Congress during Emergency, the 1977 elections slogan and results, the opposition parties formed before 1977, and the three main contenders for prime minister after 1977.
Congrress rule in india
itz a presentation made by us on congress. various data have been given and are taken from different sources.
Indian NationalCongress
The Indian National Congress (INC) is India's oldest political party, founded in 1885. It was the dominant party in Indian politics for most of the 20th century. The INC governed India for its first 30 years of independence under leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. Though it has faced challenges in recent decades from regional and right-wing parties, the INC remains an important national party led by Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi.
Leadership style of Indira Gandhi.
Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India, serving from 1966 to 1977 and 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was born in 1917 to Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru. As Prime Minister, she established major economic reforms and programs, including a population control program and starting India's nuclear program. However, her declaration of emergency rule from 1975-1977 was criticized for curbing civil liberties. She was assassinated in 1984 by two of her Sikh bodyguards in response to her ordering an attack on the Golden Temple.
Chapter Six
The document summarizes the response of local people in Singapore to British rule after World War 2. There was widespread dissatisfaction with poor living conditions, leading to many strikes involving tens of thousands of workers in 1947. The British government gradually implemented political reforms like elections to the Legislative Council in 1948 to gain public support. However, social unrest continued through riots like the Maria Hertogh riots in 1950 and anti-National Service riots in 1954 due to issues like racial tensions and communist influence. The British eventually granted more self-government through the Rendel Constitution of 1953 and elections in 1955.
HISTORY PPT (226).pptx
The Cripps Mission failed to gain acceptance because it did not offer immediate independence, involved partitioning India, and did not sufficiently safeguard the interests of minorities or princely states. With the Japanese threat looming, Gandhi and other Indian leaders were convinced that immediate independence was necessary. This led to the Quit India Movement, in which the Indian National Congress called for the British to leave India immediately. The British responded by imprisoning Gandhi and other leaders, but the movement demonstrated widespread Indian nationalism and demand for self-rule.
Indira gandhi biography
Indira Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the first female Prime Minister of India. Some of her major achievements included nationalizing major banks in 1969, leading India to victory in the 1971 war with Pakistan which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh, and declaring a state of emergency from 1975-1977. However, her authoritarian actions during the emergency damaged her popularity and she was defeated in the 1977 election before returning to power in 1980.
Top 10 prime ministers in india
Here is the list of Top 10 Prime Ministers In India .To know more information please click on file.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu Biography
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
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1. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and led India's independence movement against British rule.
2. After independence in 1947, the Congress became the dominant political party, holding power until 1977 and periodically after.
3. Key Congress leaders and prime ministers included Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, P.V. Narasimha Rao, and Manmohan Singh.
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X is a famous Indian conman who was convicted for multiple frauds. He is known for his ability to disguise himself and forge signatures of prominent personalities to carry out scams.
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Indira Gandhi was India's first female prime minister, serving from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. As prime minister, Gandhi strengthened India's economy and military, oversaw the nationalization of banks, and led India to victory in the 1971 war with Pakistan that resulted in the independence of Bangladesh. However, her declaration of a state of emergency from 1975-1977 in response to political unrest and her suspension of civil liberties were controversial and authoritarian actions. Gandhi's assassination in 1984 sparked deadly anti-Sikh riots in Delhi.
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After Nehru's death in 1964, India faced political and economic challenges. Shastri and Indira Gandhi succeeded Nehru as Prime Ministers. Indira Gandhi faced opposition from the "Syndicate" of senior Congress leaders and adopted more left-leaning policies. This led to a split in the Congress party in 1969. Indira formed the Congress (R) faction while the old guard formed Congress (O). In the 1971 elections, Indira campaigned on promises of removing poverty and inequality. Riding on issues of land reform and development, her Garibi Hatao message secured an overwhelming victory for Congress (R), restoring the dominance of the Congress system in India.
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This document provides answers to questions about laws and domestic violence in India. It defines key terms like rule of law, evolution, sedition, and repressive. It explains that historians refute that the British introduced rule of law in India because colonial law was arbitrary. The two key rights the Domestic Violence Act of 2005 helped achieve for women survivors of violence are outlined. Current protests in India against an IT law that allows censorship are discussed. Three forms of protest - Nirbhaya Movement, Chinese product boycott, and anti-reservation protests - are listed along with images. A short note on domestic violence is also provided.
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The document provides an overview of the political history of India since independence in 1947. It discusses key political leaders and events:
- Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of independent India from 1947-1964 and pushed for economic and social reforms.
- Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, was Prime Minister from 1966-1977 and 1980-1984, continuing her father's policies. She faced opposition from Sikh separatists.
- Manmohan Singh currently serves as Prime Minister, having held the position since 2004 with the support of the Indian National Congress party.
Jp movement and emergency imposed in 1975 ppt
The document summarizes the events leading up to the declaration of Emergency in India in 1975. It describes the worsening economic, law and order, and political crises facing the country. This included high inflation, strikes, and growing corruption. It also discusses the popular movements against the Congress government in Gujarat and Bihar led by Jayaprakash Narayan that demanded dissolution of the state assemblies. Narayan formed the National Coordination Committee and challenged Indira Gandhi in upcoming elections. However, before elections could be held, the President declared a state of Emergency in 1975 based on the worsening conditions.
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The document discusses India's Right to Information Act of 2005. It provides a legal framework for citizens' democratic right to access information held by public authorities. Key points covered include the historical context leading to the act, how it improved upon the previous Freedom of Information Act of 2002, the roles and responsibilities of Public Information Officers, Appellate Authorities and the Central Information Commission in the RTI process, exemptions and penalties under the act, and how RTI has empowered citizens and increased transparency in government.
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- India has a fragmented multiparty system, with over 30 parties currently represented in the Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament). Forming a governing coalition requires larger parties to work with numerous smaller regional or caste-based parties.
- Secularism remains a challenge as minority rights for Muslims are seen as departing from secularism by some Hindus, while lack of separate religious laws is viewed as imposition by some Muslims.
- The judiciary and active press have helped defend India's democracy by checking challenges to the system. However, both natural disasters and political violence continue to impact India.
Indian national movement
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CBSE BASED
Really good with animations,
ppt2003 compatible
Crisis of Democratic Order and REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS
The document contains 30 multiple choice questions related to the political crisis in India during the Emergency period from 1975-1977. Some of the key topics covered include the conditions under which JP Narayan joined the Bihar student movement, the opposition parties that supported the JP movement, the article under which Emergency was imposed, the president at the time, the parties that supported the Congress during Emergency, the 1977 elections slogan and results, the opposition parties formed before 1977, and the three main contenders for prime minister after 1977.
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Indian NationalCongress
The Indian National Congress (INC) is India's oldest political party, founded in 1885. It was the dominant party in Indian politics for most of the 20th century. The INC governed India for its first 30 years of independence under leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. Though it has faced challenges in recent decades from regional and right-wing parties, the INC remains an important national party led by Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi.
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Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India, serving from 1966 to 1977 and 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was born in 1917 to Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru. As Prime Minister, she established major economic reforms and programs, including a population control program and starting India's nuclear program. However, her declaration of emergency rule from 1975-1977 was criticized for curbing civil liberties. She was assassinated in 1984 by two of her Sikh bodyguards in response to her ordering an attack on the Golden Temple.
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The document summarizes the response of local people in Singapore to British rule after World War 2. There was widespread dissatisfaction with poor living conditions, leading to many strikes involving tens of thousands of workers in 1947. The British government gradually implemented political reforms like elections to the Legislative Council in 1948 to gain public support. However, social unrest continued through riots like the Maria Hertogh riots in 1950 and anti-National Service riots in 1954 due to issues like racial tensions and communist influence. The British eventually granted more self-government through the Rendel Constitution of 1953 and elections in 1955.
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The Cripps Mission failed to gain acceptance because it did not offer immediate independence, involved partitioning India, and did not sufficiently safeguard the interests of minorities or princely states. With the Japanese threat looming, Gandhi and other Indian leaders were convinced that immediate independence was necessary. This led to the Quit India Movement, in which the Indian National Congress called for the British to leave India immediately. The British responded by imprisoning Gandhi and other leaders, but the movement demonstrated widespread Indian nationalism and demand for self-rule.
Indira gandhi biography
Indira Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the first female Prime Minister of India. Some of her major achievements included nationalizing major banks in 1969, leading India to victory in the 1971 war with Pakistan which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh, and declaring a state of emergency from 1975-1977. However, her authoritarian actions during the emergency damaged her popularity and she was defeated in the 1977 election before returning to power in 1980.
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Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu Biography
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在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022, published here in full for the first time.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptx
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
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National Emergency PPT
- 2. THE STORY OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY (During 1975-1977) Presented by SUJAY G GOWDA
- 3. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of Emergency 3. Emergency during 1975-77 4. Conclusion
- 4. INTRODUCTION Emergency Provison are contain in part XVIII of the Constitution from article 352 to 360. These provisions enable the central government to meet any abnormal situation efficiently. Rationality behind this is to safeguard the unity, integrity and security of the country, democratic political system and the constitution
- 5. TYPES OF EMERGENCY 1. National Emergency [Article 352] War External aggression Armed rebellion 2. President Rule [Article 356] Failure of constitutional machinery in state 3. Financial Emergency [Article 360] Threat to financial stability or credit of India
- 6. How many times Article 352 imposed ? Year Reason Prime minister 1962-68 Indo-china war 1971 Indo-pak war 1975-77 Political instability
- 7. Events that led to imposition of National Emergency in 1975 1. Scarcity of food. 2. Growing Unemployment 3. Inflation 4. Student led protest by Jayaprakash Narayan against corruption under congress rule in bihar. 5. George Fernandes announced railway strike which was supported by one lakh employees
- 8. 6. Indira wins in 1971 Rae bareli election came under scrutiny. • Raj Narayan filed case against her accusing she own election through corrupt practices and misuse of govt machinery. • 12 June 1975- Justice Jagamohan sinha declared Indira election null and void and baned her 6 year from election. • 24 June 1975- apex court grant condition stay order.
- 9. NATIONAL EMERGENCY 1975-77 On 25 June 1975. "The President has proclaimed National Emergency there is nothing to panic about" Indira Gandhi proclaimed the words in all India Radio. Few aware that it would be start of dark period in Indian politics.
- 11. What happen during Emergency ? 1. Enforcement of Fundamental Rights Suspended. 2. Her political opponents were imprisoned like LK Advani, Vajpayee, Morarji Desai and Jaya Prakash Narayan 3. Censorship on press 4. Entire power on union government. 5. 42nd amendment passed ! 6. Ban on various organisation.
- 12. What about common people ? During 1975-77 FRs of citizen were suspended by govt creacting period of police activism . Many arrested, tortured, murdered and sexualy harrased !!! Most of them are not revealed !!!
- 13. Rajan Case Student called Rajan was arrested by Kerala Police along with his fellow students. Later revealed by petition in High court of Kerala that he was died in police custody during tortured as a part of interrogation. His body disposed by police & was never recovered. It was found after his father complaint through Habeas Corpus.
- 14. CONCLUSION Emergency lasted for 21 months. In 1977 election Congress suffered huge defeat,opption leaders united to establish to establish the Janta party (1st Non-congress government in Independent India. "The beauty of the world's largest democracy is that if the judiciary fails to protect the Constitution, the people will." which happens in 1977 parliamentary election.