The document discusses the evolving food security situation in Sudan. It notes that Sudan ranks 9th in the world in proportion of food insecurity. Cereal production in 2021/2022 was estimated to be 5.1 million tons, covering only 65% of needs and resulting in a gap of 2.5 million tons that must be imported. Wheat demand is increasing and accounts for 36% of dietary needs, but local production meets only 21% of demand. The main constraints to improving agricultural production and food security are macroeconomic policies, weak infrastructure, traditional farming methods, lack of support services and adoption of technology, abuse of natural resources, and political instability.

1. AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION
AND FOOD SECURITY IN SUDAN
OCTOBER 10TH.,2022, KHARTOUM,
SUDAN
THE EVOLVING FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN
SUDAN
BY:
M O H A M E D A B D E L - S A L A M
SUDANESE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
ASSOCIATION IN QATAR
DOHA, QATAR
Program
2022 Annual Research and Policy
Conference

2.  Food security has become an issue of common
global concern, especially in developing countries,
where agriculture is still the backbone of their
economies and the dependence of a large
proportion of their population on their livelihood.
 Food security means that the all people, at all
times, have physical, social, and economic access
to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets
their food preferences and dietary needs for an
active and healthy life.
 Access to quality, nutritious food is fundamental
to human existence.
Introduction

3. Conflicts and weather extreme

4. Food insecurity
Weather and conflict drive acute hunger in hotspot countries
Sudan ranks ninth in the world in the proportion of food
insecurity for the population.
Haiti, Niger, Chad, Mauritania and the rest of the Sahel
countries are all in a better position than Sudan.!

5. Cereals production

6. Food Gap

The Report of the Crop and Food Supply Assessment
Mission (CFSAM) published in March 2022

The report stated that Sudan is expected to face a major
gap in the cereal supply in 2022. The report mentioned
an estimated 5.1 million tons of cerial harvested in the
2021/22 season will cover about 65% of the roughly 7.6
million tons of cerial needed. The report expected that
Sudan will import about 2.5 million tons of cereal in total
this year from wheat and sorghum, as the national crop is
estimated at 5 million tons, down 35% from the previous
season and 30% from the average of the past five years.

7. Wheat demand

8. Wheat Demand

Wheat constitutes an average about 36% of the
cereal basket in the country, which is the highest
rate of wheat consumption in the region if we
exclude Djibouti. In addition, the demand for wheat
in Sudan is increasing, especially in urban areas,
which constitute about 35% of the total population
Sudan. The needs of wheat in Sudan are
estimated at 2.882 million metric tons, and the
local production for the agricultural season in
2022/2021 is estimated at only 600,000 metric
tons.

9. Import by commodity

10. Global Hunger Index

11. Imported Wheat
From the Previous About
2,050,000 metric ton of
wheat is needed this year
.The gap in wheat
requirements in Sudan is
supplemented by imports.
Another problem occur this
year due to Ukrainian
conflict , as Sudan importing
most the wheat from these
two countries. In 2020 about
$900 million worth of wheat,
about 53% of which is
imported from Russia and

12. Not Utilized
(79.8%)
Arable Land
Forests
(53%)
Pastures
(32.5%)
Utilized Land
Land Use

13. Land Use
The total arable land is estimated to be about
80 million hectare, forests amount to 74
million while range land is around 47 million
hectare. The annually cultivated area is about
16.8 million hectare. About 1.86 million
hectare is irrigated while the rest (14.94
million hectare) is rainfed.

14. Seasonal Calendar

15. The total area targeted for 2022/2022 season
o According to Sudanese Agricultural Bank, the total
area targeted for financing for this season estimated
8,467,875 Fedd. About (3,556,508 hectares),
representing about 13% of the total targeted
area(64,573,600 Fedd.) .
o The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
acknowledged the weakness of the cultivated areas
for this season and attributed this to the shortage of
Fuel (Gasoline).
o Agricultural Production Department, of the federal
ministry clarified that improved seeds used to cover
10%, and currently only cover 0.1%.

16. Sorghum Production Cost
In last update of sorghum production cost two months ago
(in August), it was found that its approximately equal to
22,000 SDG, and may reach 27,000 SDG during the
harvest time. While sorghum price in Agricultural Bank is
12,000 SDG, and even if the price adjusted to remove the
injustice, it did not exceed 20,000 SDG, which is less than
the production cost, which means that the farmers are still
losses even before they harvest a crop

17. Increasing in Agricultural Inputs
Increasing %
Input
125
Fuel
25
Sorghum improved seeds
332
Sesame improved seeds
455
Sunflower hybrid seeds
68
Fertilizers

18. Comparison of the cost of production 2020/21

19. Sorghum and Wheat target area
 The area target for Sorghum cultivation is about 36%
of the total targeted area, which is 18% less than the
target area for last season.
 The target area for cultivating the winter wheat in
November, 2022 is about 886,600 fedd., which is
11% less than the previous season.
 It’s likely that the decrease in the targeted area for
cultivation is the main reason for the delay in
preparing for the season, shortage of inputs,
financing, and the rising cost

20. Financed area for summer crops

21. Constraints of Agricultural Development
• The main constrains to agricultural development include:
• Macro-economic policies.
• Structural and institutional constraints.
• Weak infrastructure.
• Dominance of traditional agricultural production patterns.
• Low capacities of human factor.
• Poor support services (such as credit and marketing).
• Weak adoption of modern technologies.
• Abuse of natural resources.
• Political instability.
• War, climate change and drought cycles.