Malignant tumors are considered to be most aggressive form of tumor and the traditional used chemotherapy have toxic effect as the drug molecule could not distinguish between normal cell and cancerous cell. So by using surface modified nano-carriers with ligands specific to the over expressed receptors of cancer cell, monoclonal antibody and peptides which give the decision making ability to the nanovehicle. Such type of targeted control release nano-systems are sutable for treatmentment.
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Nanovehicles for targated delivery of drug to cancerous cell
1. Nanovehicles for drug delivery
in Cancer treatment
By- Naveen Sundaria
ID- 44808
M.B.G.E
G.B.P.U.A.T
2. Index
• Cancer overview
• Different paths of drug delivery
• Life of a pill-passing different barriers
• Chemotherapy vs control release
• How drug identifies cancer cell
• Different mechanisms of bioerodible release
systems
• References
3. Normal cell- undergoes regulated division, differentiation and
apoptosis.
Cancer cell-
• Lost the usual control.
• Rapid proliferation.
• Bypass Program Cell Death.
• Result in tumor formation.
Tumor type-
• Benign tumor(non cancerous)
Do not invade to tissues
• Malignant tumor(cancerous)
Invade tissues
Metastasis
Cancer
8. Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Medication must not
be destroyed by acidic
pH of stomach.
9. Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Medication must be small
so that it can pass through
stomach/intestinal lining
Absorbed drug
10. Life of a pill-passing
different barriers
Medication may be
destroyed by enzymes
of liver
Drug may bind to
protein/fat molecules
reduced available drug
11. NO
NO
Design of nanocarriers
•Greater surface area/volume ratio
•Greater bioavailability
•Easy surface modification
•Small enough to avoid removal
by phagocytes(<500 nm)
•Large enough to avoid renal
filtration by kidney(>5 nm)
Guide by external magnetic/electrical field
13. Earlier method of cancer treatment
Sustain release system
Controlled release system
1
2
3
14. Different mechanisms of
bioerodible release systems
1. Diffusion controlled(Reservoir system)
2. Chemically controlled(Pendant chain)
3. Solvent control(Osmosis/osmotic pump)
•Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers from natural source like
polyethylene glycol(PEG), polycaprolactone(PCL), polycarbonate..etc
•Natural polymers- cellulase, protein
•Biomacromolecule
•FDA approved drug doxorubicin and paclitaxe
16. 2.Pendant chain
•Chemical control
•Drug in prodrug form
•Bond between drug and carrier
Polymeric backbone are
pH sensitive bond like
Amide
oxime
carboxylic acid ester
hydrazone bond
18. Intravenous delivery of hydrophobic drug
Guided by magnetic fields
Structural requirements
Hydrophobic polymer
Hydrophilic polymer
Magnetic polymer
Targeting ligand linked polymer
Function
Load hydrophobic drug
Interact with aqueous environment
Guided by external sources
Receptor mediated endocytosis for
Targeted delivery
1
21. 3.Locate cancer cells using Quantum Dot’s
• Semiconductor nanocrystal(8-10 nm)
• Made up of cadmium selenide, zinc selenide
• Invivo detection cancer cell
Cancer cell
24. References
• Bosch, F. Xavier, et al. "Prevalence of human papillomavirus in
cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective." Journal of the National
Cancer Institute 87.11 (1995): 796-802.
• Sun, Xiaoming, et al. "Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and
drug delivery." Nano research 1.3 (2008): 203-212.
• Washington, Neena, Clive Washington, and Clive Wilson.
Physiological pharmaceutics: barriers to drug absorption. CRC
Press, 2000.
• Liversidge, Gary G., et al. "Surface modified drug nanoparticles."
U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684. 8 Sep. 1992.
• Uhrich, Kathryn E., et al. "Polymeric systems for controlled drug
release." Chemical reviews 99.11 (1999): 3181-3198.
• Makhija, Sapna N., and Pradeep R. Vavia. "Controlled porosity
osmotic pump-based controlled release systems of
pseudoephedrine: I. Cellulose acetate as a semipermeable
membrane." Journal of Controlled Release 89.1 (2003): 5-18.
