INTRODUCTION OF MYSQL

1. INTRODUCTION TO MYSQL AND SIMPLE QUERIES IN SQL
PREPARED BY NEERAJ KUMAR
YEAR 2
SEMESTER 3
BRANCH IT
SUBMITTED TO MR.VIKAS ROHIT(IT DEPT.)

2. MySQL
AnIntroduction

3. Whatis MySQL ?
 MySQL is an open source
relational database management
system.
 It includes the SQL server and
client programs for accessing the
server.
 Widely used by web application
developers, together with PHP
and APACHE
 It is pronounced My-es-que-el
(Not My-Sequel)

4. Where can I get MySQL ?

5. Some concepts:-
• MYSQL AND SQL
• CLASSIFICATION OF
SQL STATEMENTS
 DDL
COMMANDS
 DML COMMANDS
 TCL COMMANDS
ETC…

7. SAMPLE DATABASE:-
BEFORE WORKING WITH COMMANDS WE HAVE TO
LOAD A SAMPLE DATABASE.
FOR EXAMPLE WE HAVE DOWNLOADED MENAGERIE
DATABASE FROM THE
MYSQL SITE (dev/mysql/com/doc)AND LOADED IN OUR
MYSQL SEVER.
WE CAN ALSO CREATE OUR OWN DATABASE.
BY USING COMMAND:-
mysql> CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS
<DATABSE_NAME>;

8. MAKING SIMPLE QUERIES:-
1.ACCESSISNG DATABASE:-
USE <DATABASE_NAME>;
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> USE MENAGERIE;
COMMAND FOR VIEWING TABLES:-
mysql> show tables;

9. THE SELECT COMMAND:-
SELECT COMMAND LETS YOU MAKE QUERIES ON THE DATABASE.IT CAN BE
USED TO RETRIEVE A SUBSET OF ROWS AND COLUMNS FROM ONE OR
MORE TABLES.
SELECT <column name> [, <column name>,…..
From <table name>;
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT name,owner
->FROM pet;
For selecting all columns:-
SELECT * FROM pet;

10. name owner
Fluffy Harold
Claws Gwen
Buffy Harold
Fang Benny
Bowser Diane
Chirpy Gwen
Whistler Gwen
OUTPUT:-

11. CREATING TABLES:-
CREATE TABLE<table_name>
(<column name> <datatype> [(size)],
……………….];
EXAMPLE:-
CREATE TABLE employee
(ecode integer,
Name char(20),
Gender char(1),
Grade char(2),
Gross decimal );

12. Ecode Ename Gender Gender Gross
1101 Brian M E3 12000
1102 Maithilli F M1 18000
1103 Kushagra F M3 24000
1104 Vansh M M3 24000
1105 Samaira F E2 11000
OUTPUT:-

13. ELEMINATING REDUNDANT DATA(WITH KEYWORD DISTINCT):-
EXAMPLE:-
SELECT DISTINCT city
FROM suppliers;
IN THE OUTPUT THERE WILL BE NO DUPLICATE ROWS.
SELECTING ALL THE ROWS-ALL KEYWORD:-
EXAMPLE:-
SELECT ALL city FROM suppliers;
IT WILL GIVE THE VALUES OF CITY COLUMN FROM
EVERY ROW OF THE TABLE WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE
DUPLICATE ENTERIES.

14. city
Delhi
Mumbai
Jaipur
OUTPUT BY USING DISTINCT KEYWORD:-
City
Delhi
Mumbai
Delhi
Banglore
OUTPUT USING ALL KEYWORD

15. VIEWING STRUCTURE OF A TABLE:-
DESCRIBE|DESC <TABLE_NAME>;
EXAMPLE:-
DESCRIBE|DESC pet;
Field Type Null Key Default
Name Varchar(20) Yes Null
Owner Varchar(20) Yes Null
Species Varchar(20) Yes Null
Sex Char(1) Yes Null
Birth Date Yes Null
Death Date Yes Null

16. SELECTING SPECIFIC ROWS- WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT <column_name>[, <column_name>,….]
FROM <table_name>
WHERE <condition>;
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT name,aggregate
->FROM student
->WHERE aggregate >350;
name aggregate
Abu bakar 456
Gurvinder 480
Zubin 412
Simran 378
Fatimah 400

17. RELATIONAL OPERATPOR:-
EXAMPLE:-
1.TO LIST ALL MEMBERS NOT FROM DELHI
SELECT * FROM suppliers
WHERE city <> ‘delhi’;
LOGICAL OPERATORS:-
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT * from PET
-> where (species=‘cat’||species=‘dog’)&&sex=‘m’;

18. OUTPUT:-
name owner species sex birth death
Claws Gwen Cat m 1994-03-17 Null
Fang Benny dog m 1990-08-27 Null
Bowser Diane dog m 1979-08-31 1995-07-29

19. CONDITION BASED ON RANGE:-
SELECT name, aggregate
FROM students
WHERE aggregate BETWEEN 380 AND 425;
name aggregate
Divyansh Valecha 456
Apoorv Kumar DAS 340
Mehtap Singh Dawar 480
Monika Bansal 150
CONDITION BASED ON A LIST:-
OUTPUT

20. EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet
-> WHERE species IN (‘bird’, ‘snake’, ‘hamster’);
name owner species sex birth death
Chirpy Gwen bird f 1998-
09-11
Null
Whistler Gwen bird Null 1997-
12-09
Null
Slim Benny snake m 1996-
04-29
Null
Puffball Diane hamster f 1999-
03-30
null
OUTPUT

21. CONDITION BASED ON PATTERN MATCHES
SQL ALSO INCLUDES A STRING MATCHING OPERATOR:-
1.PERCENT(%) – IT MATCHES ANY SUBSTRING.
2.UNDERSCORE(_)- IT MATCHES ANY CHARACTER.
EXAMPLE:-
1.‘SAN%’ MATCHES ANY STRING BEGINNING WITH ‘SAN’.
2.‘%IDGE%’ MATCHES ANY STRING CONTAINING ‘IDGE’ AS
A SUBSTRING,FOR EXAMPLE ‘RIDGE’, ‘BRIDGES’,
‘CARTRIDGE’ ETC..
3. ‘_ _ _ _’ MATCHES ANY STRING OF ANY 4 CHARACTERS.
THE ‘ LIKE ‘ KEYWORD IS USED TO SELECT ROWS
CONTAINING COLUMNS THAT MATCH A WILDCARD PATTERN.

22. EXAMPLES:-
1.TO LIST NAMES OF PETS WHO HAVE NAMES ENDING WITH ‘Y’ :
SELECT name FROM pet
WHERE name LIKE ‘%y’ ;
name
Fluffy
Buffy
Chirpy
OUTPUT

23. Q. WRITE QUERY TO DISPLAY THE NAMES OF PETS HAVING EXACTLY FOUR
LETTERS NAMES ?
mysql> SELECT*FROM pet
->WHERE name LIKE “_ _ _ _ “;
name owner species
Fang Benny dog
Slim Benny snake
OUTPUT

24. SOME MY SQL FUNCTIONS:-
1. CHAR() – THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE CHARACTER OF EACH INTEGER
PASSED.
SYNTAX
CHAR(VALUE1 [,VALUE2….])
mysql> CHAR (70,65,67,69) ;
2.CONCAT() – THIS FUNCTION CONCATENATES TWO STRINGS.
SYNTAX:-
CONCAT (STR1,STR2,…)
CHAR (70,65,67,69)
FACE

25. 3.LOWER/LCASE() – THIS FUNCTION CONVERTS A STRING INTO LOWERCASE.
SYNTAX
LOWER/LCASE(STR)
4.UCASE ()
5.SUBSTR() – THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS A SUBSTRING FROM A STRING.
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTR (‘ABCDEFG’ , 3 , 4) “SUBS” ;
6.TRIM() – THIS FUNCTION REMOVES THE LEADING AND
TRAILING SPACES AND CHARACTER FROM A GIVEN STRING.
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT TRIM(LEADING ‘X’ FROM ‘XXXXBAR ONEXXXX’);
SUBS
CDEF

26. OUTPUT
TRIM(LEADING ‘X’ FROM ‘XXXXBAR ONEXXXX’);
BAR ONEXXXX
7. INSTR() – THIS FUNCTION FOR A GIVEN SECOND STRING INTO THE
GIVEN FIRST STRING.
EXAMPLE:-
mysql> SELECT INSTR(‘CORPORATE FLOOR’ , ’OR’) AS INSTRING;
INSTRING
2