http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/
2017 Resource Governance Index
Measuring the quality of governance
in the oil, gas and mining sectors of 81 countries.
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/about/global-report
Myanmar EITI Annual Progress Report 2018-2019
The report can also be found on M-EITI's webpage.
Attachments:
PDF icon Myanmar EITI Annual Progress Report 2018-2019
https://eiti.org/document/myanmar-eiti-annual-progress-report-20182019
https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/documents/apr_2018-2019_final_30-6-2019.pdf
The oil and gas sector known as migas in Indonesian is one of the strategic industrial sectors that is considered vulnerable to corrupt practices. This is proven by the results of the corruption perception survey in 2015 by Transparency International, which ranks oil and gas in third place after the construction and services business, as the business sector that has the largest percentage of bribes. Nevertheless, the oil and gas industry and the mining and forest sectors have the highest prevalence (intensity level) at national and local levels.
In other findings at the end of 2014, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released a report that is stating the extractive or natural resource exploitation industries such as oil and gas were the most corrupt industries in the world. The OECD Foreign Bribery report showed that 19% of 427 corruption cases in 2014, came from the extractive industry sector and 23 % of the 176 cases prosecuted under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) came from the oil sector.
The study is based on a detailed analysis of 303 major mining companies that operated between 1980 and 2009. From this it estimated that in 2009 the world’s minerals industry generated $800 billion in sales, $100 billion in profits and paid $75 billion in direct taxes (excluding royalties and import duties).
The study shows that industry returns are very volatile, with changes of +/-30% not uncommon – driven by fluctuations in commodity prices. During the period 1980-2000 the industry generated an average return on capital no better than investing in US Government Bonds. This situation has improved in the last five years, due to the rising prices caused by strong demand from China.
Another characteristic is that the industry is very capital-intensive and spends most of its profits on growing the business. Consequently, Governments need to be mindful that increasing taxes during boom-times may be counter-productive … and may kill the golden goose.
1. Myanmar's first EITI report provided valuable information on payments by extractive companies and identified gaps in governance that the new government should address to improve transparency.
2. The EITI process provides an opportunity for reforms in Myanmar's extractive sector during this time of political transition. Key areas for reform include improving transparency in public financial systems and natural resource revenue management, as well as formalizing regulations for the jade and gems sector.
3. Strengthening Myanmar's EITI implementation by addressing recommendations from the first report could help the government assess where further governance improvements are needed in the extractive industries.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global waste to energy market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces industry reports and analysis. The waste to energy report covers the market size and forecast globally as well as for various regions from 2018 to 2026. It also includes competitive assessments and company profiles of major players in the market.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the contents of TMR's talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, market analysis and forecast through 2027 for regions like North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that superfine talc is used in plastic applications for industries like automotive and consumer goods. The talc market is expanding in Asia Pacific due to rising incomes and demand for consumer products.
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the table of contents for the talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, analysis and forecast through 2027 for different regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that the report provides competitive assessments and company profiles. In the latest section, it notes that a new TMR report explores the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the talc market.
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the table of contents for the talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, analysis and forecast through 2027 for different regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that the report provides competitive assessments and company profiles. In addition, it provides highlights from the talc market report, noting that superfine talc is used in plastics and automotive applications and that demand is growing in
Myanmar EITI Annual Progress Report 2018-2019
The report can also be found on M-EITI's webpage.
Attachments:
PDF icon Myanmar EITI Annual Progress Report 2018-2019
https://eiti.org/document/myanmar-eiti-annual-progress-report-20182019
https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/documents/apr_2018-2019_final_30-6-2019.pdf
The oil and gas sector known as migas in Indonesian is one of the strategic industrial sectors that is considered vulnerable to corrupt practices. This is proven by the results of the corruption perception survey in 2015 by Transparency International, which ranks oil and gas in third place after the construction and services business, as the business sector that has the largest percentage of bribes. Nevertheless, the oil and gas industry and the mining and forest sectors have the highest prevalence (intensity level) at national and local levels.
In other findings at the end of 2014, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released a report that is stating the extractive or natural resource exploitation industries such as oil and gas were the most corrupt industries in the world. The OECD Foreign Bribery report showed that 19% of 427 corruption cases in 2014, came from the extractive industry sector and 23 % of the 176 cases prosecuted under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) came from the oil sector.
The study is based on a detailed analysis of 303 major mining companies that operated between 1980 and 2009. From this it estimated that in 2009 the world’s minerals industry generated $800 billion in sales, $100 billion in profits and paid $75 billion in direct taxes (excluding royalties and import duties).
The study shows that industry returns are very volatile, with changes of +/-30% not uncommon – driven by fluctuations in commodity prices. During the period 1980-2000 the industry generated an average return on capital no better than investing in US Government Bonds. This situation has improved in the last five years, due to the rising prices caused by strong demand from China.
Another characteristic is that the industry is very capital-intensive and spends most of its profits on growing the business. Consequently, Governments need to be mindful that increasing taxes during boom-times may be counter-productive … and may kill the golden goose.
1. Myanmar's first EITI report provided valuable information on payments by extractive companies and identified gaps in governance that the new government should address to improve transparency.
2. The EITI process provides an opportunity for reforms in Myanmar's extractive sector during this time of political transition. Key areas for reform include improving transparency in public financial systems and natural resource revenue management, as well as formalizing regulations for the jade and gems sector.
3. Strengthening Myanmar's EITI implementation by addressing recommendations from the first report could help the government assess where further governance improvements are needed in the extractive industries.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global waste to energy market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces industry reports and analysis. The waste to energy report covers the market size and forecast globally as well as for various regions from 2018 to 2026. It also includes competitive assessments and company profiles of major players in the market.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the contents of TMR's talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, market analysis and forecast through 2027 for regions like North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that superfine talc is used in plastic applications for industries like automotive and consumer goods. The talc market is expanding in Asia Pacific due to rising incomes and demand for consumer products.
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the table of contents for the talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, analysis and forecast through 2027 for different regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that the report provides competitive assessments and company profiles. In the latest section, it notes that a new TMR report explores the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the talc market.
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the table of contents for the talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, analysis and forecast through 2027 for different regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that the report provides competitive assessments and company profiles. In addition, it provides highlights from the talc market report, noting that superfine talc is used in plastics and automotive applications and that demand is growing in
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the table of contents for the talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, analysis and forecast through 2027 for different regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that the report provides competitive assessments and company profiles. In the latest section, it notes that a new TMR report explores the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the talc market.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the nanocoatings market. It provides an overview of nanocoatings, which involve coating surfaces with protective layers less than 100nm thick to improve properties. The nanocoatings market is expected to drive growth through 2026 due to increasing demand from industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare. The report analyzes the nanocoatings market size and forecast across various regions from 2018 to 2026, and discusses competitive profiles of companies in the market.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the nanocoatings market. It provides an overview of nanocoatings, which involve coating surfaces with protective layers less than 100nm thick to improve properties. The nanocoatings market is expected to drive growth through 2026 due to increasing demand from industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare. The report analyzes the nanocoatings market size and forecast across various regions from 2018 to 2026, and also discusses the competitive landscape and impact of COVID-19 on the market.
This document discusses a report on the global dolomite market published by Transparency Market Research. The report provides an overview of key growth drivers and restraints in the dolomite market as well as an analysis of production technologies and investment opportunities in different regions. It also offers market estimations and forecasts for segments like construction materials, industrial use, and agriculture from 2020 to 2030. Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports on various industries including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food and beverages, semiconductors, medical devices, consumer goods, and technology.
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the nanocoatings market. It provides an overview of TMR as a market intelligence company that produces business reports and services. It then summarizes that TMR's syndicated reports cover different sectors and provide in-depth analysis and segmentation to the micro level to serve client needs. Finally, it notes that nanocoatings involve coating surfaces with protective layers less than 100nm thick to improve properties or add new functions, making them suitable for industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare.
This document discusses a report on the nanocoatings market from Transparency Market Research. It provides an overview of nanocoatings, which involve coating surfaces less than 100nm thick to improve properties. The nanocoatings market is expected to drive growth through 2026 due to increasing demand from industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare. The report analyzes the nanocoatings market size and forecast across various regions from 2018 to 2026, and discusses competitive assessments and the impact of COVID-19 on the market.
This document discusses a report on the global dolomite market from Transparency Market Research. It provides an executive summary and overview of the dolomite market and segments the report into chapters analyzing the dolomite market size and forecast in various regions from 2020 to 2030. Dolomite is used in construction materials, industrial applications, and agriculture. The report also examines recent COVID-19 impacts and advances in dolomite production technologies.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
- Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
- They use proprietary data and tools to analyze markets and sectors such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, semiconductors, and more.
- The document discusses the mud logging unit market and how demand is increasing due to growth in global energy consumption and oil/gas exploration. Mud logging involves analyzing rock cuttings brought to the surface during drilling operations.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data sources and analysis tools to forecast trends and provide forward-looking insights.
3) This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and is expected to drive growth through 2025. It provides an analysis and forecast of the market from 2017 to 2025.
Gilded Gatekeepers: Myanmar’s State-Owned Oil, Gas and Mining EnterprisesMYO AUNG Myanmar
Gilded Gatekeepers: Myanmar’s State-Owned Oil, Gas and Mining Enterprises
Patrick R.P. Heller and Lorenzo Delesgues
http://www.resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/nrgi_Myanmar-State-Owned-Enterprises_Full-Report.pdf
Weak transparency
There has been a distinct lack of public transparency in the management of these SEEs.
Of the 45 state-owned enterprises assessed in NRGI’s worldwide 2013 Resource
Governance Index, only one (Turkmenistan’s Turkmengas) was found to disclose less
information to the public than MOGE. The mining-sector SEEs have been even less
transparent than MOGE in many ways. Shortcomings include a lack of public disclosure
of information on SEEs’ revenues, financial interests, activities and leadership structure
Military involvement
Finally, many interviewees indicated that military-affiliated companies occupy a central
position in the mining industry in particular, though their precise roles and activities
remain unclear. Companies such as the Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC)
and Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) are not state-owned
enterprises. They are private companies which many believe are largely owned and
managed by military officers and other public officials. However, many stakeholders
in Myanmar indicated that these companies play important quasi-official roles in
determining who gets access to mining projects and in distributing the benefits of
extraction, overlapping the authority of SEEs in confusing ways and impeding public
accountability.
Estimated value of Myanmar jade trade:
Official estimates: $1 billion.
UN Comtrade report: nearly $12 billion.
Global Witness: as high as $31 billion.
From April 2013 – March 2014, MOGE deposited more into its
“Other Accounts” ($1.4 billion) than Myanmar spent on health ($750 million) or education ($1.1 billion) in FY 2013/14.
Myanmar Mineral Exploration and Oversea Mining Company StatusMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar Mineral Exploration and Oversea Mining Company
https://www.ausimmbulletin.com/feature/is-myanmar-about-to-experience-an-exploration-boom/
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CHARLTONS-93756-v1-Myanmar_Mining_Conference_DICA_Presentation.pdf
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Joint-Venture-Procedures.pdf
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Facts-about-joint-ventures-in-Myanmar.pdf
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Update_presentation.pdf
http://sesprofessionals.com/overview-of-myanmars-mining-industry/
http://www.mining.gov.mm/DGSE/Default.asp
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
- Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
- The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, semiconductors, and more.
- A recent TMR report explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mud logging unit market. Mud logging units are used in oil and gas drilling to extract detailed records from boreholes and help inform exploration and production decisions.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) The document discusses the mud logging unit market and how demand is increasing due to growth in oil and gas exploration globally. Mud logging is important for decision making in exploration and production activities.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) The document discusses the mud logging unit market and how demand is increasing due to growth in oil and gas exploration globally. Mud logging is important for decision making in exploration and production activities.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and how demand is expected to grow through 2025 due to increasing oil and gas exploration worldwide.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and how demand is expected to grow through 2025 due to increasing oil and gas exploration worldwide.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
- Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
- The firm's reports use proprietary data sources and analysis tools to forecast trends and market information.
- This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and is expected to drive growth through 2025. It provides an analysis and forecast of the market from 2017 to 2025.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that published the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research published a report on the global mud logging unit market that predicts growth through 2025.
2) Mud logging is the process of extracting detailed subsurface records from boreholes by analyzing drill cuttings brought to the surface by drilling mud.
3) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to help customers make better decisions.
A digital copy of the BH24 (29 January 2016 edition). Zimbabwe's premier business news free sheet published by the Zimpapers Newspapers Group (1980) Limited and available every week day from 15:30hrs to give a summary of the day's business news.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global algae market. It provides an overview of TMR, which conducts market research and analysis. The document then summarizes the table of contents of the algae market report, which covers the global economic outlook, market size and forecasts by region for the algae industry from 2019 to 2027. It concludes with contact information for TMR to obtain samples of their algae market reports.
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) AAPP report in Burmese The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), also known as AAPP,
is a non-profit human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand. AAPP was founded in 2000
by former political prisoners living in exile on the Thai/Burma border.
Since then, the organization has been run by former political prisoners,
with two offices being opened inside Burma in 2012, one in Rangoon and the other in Mandalay.
AAPP advocates and lobbies for the release of remaining political prisoners and
for the improvement of the lives of political prisoners after their release.
The various assistance programs for political prisoners and their family members
are aimed at ensuring they have access to education, vocational trainings, mental
health counseling and healthcare.
Identity crisis ethnicity and conflict in myanmar crisis groupMYO AUNG Myanmar
REPORT 312 / ASIA 28 AUGUST 2020
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Ethnicity and conflict are tightly linked in Myanmar, as communal groups take up arms to press grievances for which they have found no other recourse. The problem calls for dialogue and deep reform, but meanwhile authorities can take smaller steps to indicate their positive intent.
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/312-identity-crisis-ethnicity-and-conflict-myanmar?utm_source=Sign+Up+to+Crisis+Group%27s+Email+Updates&utm_campaign=1732944c02-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_01_28_08_41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1dab8c11ea-1732944c02-359431769
Asia Foundation. Note that the data are from 2016, so this map does not represent the current situation on
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global talc market. It provides an overview of TMR, which is a market research firm that produces reports on various industry sectors. The document then summarizes the table of contents for the talc market report, which includes sections on the global economic outlook, executive summary, market overview, analysis and forecast through 2027 for different regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. It also mentions that the report provides competitive assessments and company profiles. In the latest section, it notes that a new TMR report explores the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the talc market.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the nanocoatings market. It provides an overview of nanocoatings, which involve coating surfaces with protective layers less than 100nm thick to improve properties. The nanocoatings market is expected to drive growth through 2026 due to increasing demand from industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare. The report analyzes the nanocoatings market size and forecast across various regions from 2018 to 2026, and discusses competitive profiles of companies in the market.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the nanocoatings market. It provides an overview of nanocoatings, which involve coating surfaces with protective layers less than 100nm thick to improve properties. The nanocoatings market is expected to drive growth through 2026 due to increasing demand from industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare. The report analyzes the nanocoatings market size and forecast across various regions from 2018 to 2026, and also discusses the competitive landscape and impact of COVID-19 on the market.
This document discusses a report on the global dolomite market published by Transparency Market Research. The report provides an overview of key growth drivers and restraints in the dolomite market as well as an analysis of production technologies and investment opportunities in different regions. It also offers market estimations and forecasts for segments like construction materials, industrial use, and agriculture from 2020 to 2030. Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports on various industries including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food and beverages, semiconductors, medical devices, consumer goods, and technology.
This document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the nanocoatings market. It provides an overview of TMR as a market intelligence company that produces business reports and services. It then summarizes that TMR's syndicated reports cover different sectors and provide in-depth analysis and segmentation to the micro level to serve client needs. Finally, it notes that nanocoatings involve coating surfaces with protective layers less than 100nm thick to improve properties or add new functions, making them suitable for industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare.
This document discusses a report on the nanocoatings market from Transparency Market Research. It provides an overview of nanocoatings, which involve coating surfaces less than 100nm thick to improve properties. The nanocoatings market is expected to drive growth through 2026 due to increasing demand from industries like electronics, automotive, and healthcare. The report analyzes the nanocoatings market size and forecast across various regions from 2018 to 2026, and discusses competitive assessments and the impact of COVID-19 on the market.
This document discusses a report on the global dolomite market from Transparency Market Research. It provides an executive summary and overview of the dolomite market and segments the report into chapters analyzing the dolomite market size and forecast in various regions from 2020 to 2030. Dolomite is used in construction materials, industrial applications, and agriculture. The report also examines recent COVID-19 impacts and advances in dolomite production technologies.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
- Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
- They use proprietary data and tools to analyze markets and sectors such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, semiconductors, and more.
- The document discusses the mud logging unit market and how demand is increasing due to growth in global energy consumption and oil/gas exploration. Mud logging involves analyzing rock cuttings brought to the surface during drilling operations.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data sources and analysis tools to forecast trends and provide forward-looking insights.
3) This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and is expected to drive growth through 2025. It provides an analysis and forecast of the market from 2017 to 2025.
Gilded Gatekeepers: Myanmar’s State-Owned Oil, Gas and Mining EnterprisesMYO AUNG Myanmar
Gilded Gatekeepers: Myanmar’s State-Owned Oil, Gas and Mining Enterprises
Patrick R.P. Heller and Lorenzo Delesgues
http://www.resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/nrgi_Myanmar-State-Owned-Enterprises_Full-Report.pdf
Weak transparency
There has been a distinct lack of public transparency in the management of these SEEs.
Of the 45 state-owned enterprises assessed in NRGI’s worldwide 2013 Resource
Governance Index, only one (Turkmenistan’s Turkmengas) was found to disclose less
information to the public than MOGE. The mining-sector SEEs have been even less
transparent than MOGE in many ways. Shortcomings include a lack of public disclosure
of information on SEEs’ revenues, financial interests, activities and leadership structure
Military involvement
Finally, many interviewees indicated that military-affiliated companies occupy a central
position in the mining industry in particular, though their precise roles and activities
remain unclear. Companies such as the Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC)
and Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) are not state-owned
enterprises. They are private companies which many believe are largely owned and
managed by military officers and other public officials. However, many stakeholders
in Myanmar indicated that these companies play important quasi-official roles in
determining who gets access to mining projects and in distributing the benefits of
extraction, overlapping the authority of SEEs in confusing ways and impeding public
accountability.
Estimated value of Myanmar jade trade:
Official estimates: $1 billion.
UN Comtrade report: nearly $12 billion.
Global Witness: as high as $31 billion.
From April 2013 – March 2014, MOGE deposited more into its
“Other Accounts” ($1.4 billion) than Myanmar spent on health ($750 million) or education ($1.1 billion) in FY 2013/14.
Myanmar Mineral Exploration and Oversea Mining Company StatusMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar Mineral Exploration and Oversea Mining Company
https://www.ausimmbulletin.com/feature/is-myanmar-about-to-experience-an-exploration-boom/
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CHARLTONS-93756-v1-Myanmar_Mining_Conference_DICA_Presentation.pdf
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Joint-Venture-Procedures.pdf
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Facts-about-joint-ventures-in-Myanmar.pdf
http://charltonsmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Update_presentation.pdf
http://sesprofessionals.com/overview-of-myanmars-mining-industry/
http://www.mining.gov.mm/DGSE/Default.asp
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
- Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
- The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, semiconductors, and more.
- A recent TMR report explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mud logging unit market. Mud logging units are used in oil and gas drilling to extract detailed records from boreholes and help inform exploration and production decisions.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) The document discusses the mud logging unit market and how demand is increasing due to growth in oil and gas exploration globally. Mud logging is important for decision making in exploration and production activities.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) The document discusses the mud logging unit market and how demand is increasing due to growth in oil and gas exploration globally. Mud logging is important for decision making in exploration and production activities.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and how demand is expected to grow through 2025 due to increasing oil and gas exploration worldwide.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
2) The firm's reports use proprietary data and tools to analyze trends in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, energy, semiconductors, and more.
3) This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and how demand is expected to grow through 2025 due to increasing oil and gas exploration worldwide.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that produced the report.
The key points are:
- Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to clients in North America.
- The firm's reports use proprietary data sources and analysis tools to forecast trends and market information.
- This particular report discusses the global mud logging unit market and is expected to drive growth through 2025. It provides an analysis and forecast of the market from 2017 to 2025.
This document discusses the mud logging unit market and provides an overview of Transparency Market Research, the company that published the report.
The key points are:
1) Transparency Market Research published a report on the global mud logging unit market that predicts growth through 2025.
2) Mud logging is the process of extracting detailed subsurface records from boreholes by analyzing drill cuttings brought to the surface by drilling mud.
3) Transparency Market Research is a market intelligence firm that provides business information reports and services to help customers make better decisions.
A digital copy of the BH24 (29 January 2016 edition). Zimbabwe's premier business news free sheet published by the Zimpapers Newspapers Group (1980) Limited and available every week day from 15:30hrs to give a summary of the day's business news.
The document discusses a report by Transparency Market Research on the global algae market. It provides an overview of TMR, which conducts market research and analysis. The document then summarizes the table of contents of the algae market report, which covers the global economic outlook, market size and forecasts by region for the algae industry from 2019 to 2027. It concludes with contact information for TMR to obtain samples of their algae market reports.
Similar to MYANMAR RESOURCE GOVERNANCE INDEX 2017 (20)
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) AAPP report in Burmese The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), also known as AAPP,
is a non-profit human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand. AAPP was founded in 2000
by former political prisoners living in exile on the Thai/Burma border.
Since then, the organization has been run by former political prisoners,
with two offices being opened inside Burma in 2012, one in Rangoon and the other in Mandalay.
AAPP advocates and lobbies for the release of remaining political prisoners and
for the improvement of the lives of political prisoners after their release.
The various assistance programs for political prisoners and their family members
are aimed at ensuring they have access to education, vocational trainings, mental
health counseling and healthcare.
Identity crisis ethnicity and conflict in myanmar crisis groupMYO AUNG Myanmar
REPORT 312 / ASIA 28 AUGUST 2020
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Ethnicity and conflict are tightly linked in Myanmar, as communal groups take up arms to press grievances for which they have found no other recourse. The problem calls for dialogue and deep reform, but meanwhile authorities can take smaller steps to indicate their positive intent.
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/312-identity-crisis-ethnicity-and-conflict-myanmar?utm_source=Sign+Up+to+Crisis+Group%27s+Email+Updates&utm_campaign=1732944c02-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_01_28_08_41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1dab8c11ea-1732944c02-359431769
Asia Foundation. Note that the data are from 2016, so this map does not represent the current situation on
CHINA IS PLAYING MYANMAR GROUND THE KYAUKPHYU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND CHIN...MYO AUNG Myanmar
CHINA IS PLAYING MYANMAR GROUND THE KYAUKPHYU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND CHINA STRATEGIC DEEP-SEA PORT PROJECT
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/chinas-strategic-port-project-moves-step-closer-reality-myanmar-oks-joint-venture.html
China’s Strategic Port Project Moves Step Closer to Reality as Myanmar OKs Joint Venture
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/construction-chinas-bri-deep-sea-port-start-soon-myanmars-rakhine-state-govt.html
Construction on China's BRI Deep Sea Port to Start Soon in Myanmar's Rakhine State: Govt
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/minister-rejects-fears-debt-trap-chinese-backed-port.html
Minister Rejects Fears of Debt Trap Over Chinese-Backed Port
https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/editorial/kyaukphyu-danger-slipping-hands.html
Is Kyaukphyu in Danger of Slipping Out of Our Hands?
http://www.thaibizmyanmar.com/th/news/detail.php?ID=2948
An industrial zone project within the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Rakhine State will be developed for US$30 billion
4 มีนาคม 2563
https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/first-phase-of-kyaukphyu-deep-seaport-project-expected-to-cost-13-bln
First phase of Kyaukphyu Deep Seaport project expected to cost $ 1.3 bln
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/18/c_138716099.htm
Xinhua Headlines: Kyaukpyu port to become model project in China-Myanmar BRI cooperation
Source: Xinhua| 2020-01-18 20:49:31|Editor: huaxia
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/20/c_138720186.htm
Feature: How the development of Myanmar's Kyaukpyu port won the hearts of locals
Source: Xinhua| 2020-01-20 11:27:42|Editor: Wang Yamei
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/02/17/china039s-citic-to-build-myanmar039s-huge-kyaukphyu-deep-seaport-first-phase-to-cost-us13-bln
China's CITIC to build Myanmar's huge Kyaukphyu Deep Seaport, first phase to cost US$1.3 bln
ASEANPLUS NEWS
Monday, 17 Feb 2020
1:35 PM MYT
https://splash247.com/china-inks-kyaukphyu-development-deal-with-myanmar/#:~:text=China%20has%20signed%20an%20agreement,visit%20to%20Myanmar%20last%20weekend.
China inks Kyaukphyu development deal with Myanmar
Jason Jiang Jason JiangJanuary 20, 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyaukphyu
https://asiatimes.com/2019/07/china-led-port-project-inches-ahead-in-myanmar/
AT FINANCE, MYANMAR
China-led port project inches ahead in Myanmar
CITIC-led consortium this month started legally required impact assessments but the controversial $1.3 billion mega-project is still far from a done deal
By THOMPSON CHAU
JULY 15, 2019
The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defendersMYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/defending-tomorrow/
Report / July 29, 2020
DEFENDING TOMORROW
The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders
The climate crisis is arguably the greatest global and existential threat we face. As it escalates, it serves to exacerbate many of the other serious problems in our world today – from economic inequality to racial injustice and the spread of zoonotic diseases.
For years, land and environmental defenders have been the first line of defence against the causes and impacts of climate breakdown. Time after time, they have challenged those companies operating recklessly, rampaging unhampered through forests, skies, wetlands, oceans and biodiversity hotspots.
https://youtu.be/FM7X1tnT4Sc
Download the full report Defending Tomorrow: The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders (High resolution, 28.4MB, PDF)
Download the full report Defending Tomorrow: The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders (Low resolution, 6.6MB, PDF)
User Privacy or Cyber Sovereignty Freedom House Special Report 2020MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/user-privacy-or-cyber-sovereignty?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=SPOTLIGHTFRDM_072720
Special Report 2020
User Privacy or Cyber Sovereignty?
Assessing the human rights implications of data localization
WRITTEN BY-Adrian Shahbaz-Allie Funk-Andrea Hackl
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/FINAL_Data_Localization_human_rights_07232020.pdf
USER PRIVACY OR CYBER SOVEREIGNTY?
Assessing the human rights implications of data localization
Freedom of Expression Active and Seeking Justice from MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
Freedom of Expression Active and seeking justice from MYANMAR
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/07/16/seeking-justice-an-analysis-of-obstacles-and-opportunities-for-civil-society-groups-pursuing-accountability-for-human-rights-violations-in-domestic-courts-in-kachin-and-northern-shan-states/
SEEKING JUSTICE: AN ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS PURSUING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN DOMESTIC COURTS IN KACHIN AND NORTHERN SHAN STATES
Kachin Women’s Association – Thailand (KWAT) and Asia Justice and Rights (AJAR) are releasing a new report on access to justice in Burma, in which we identify strategies for local civil society groups, demand political and legal reforms, and call on donor agencies to better support assistance to victims of the most serious human rights violations.
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/EngA-Chance-to-Fix-in-Time.pdf
“A Chance to Fix in Time”
Analysis of Freedom of Expression in
Four Years Under the Current Government
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/07/16/%e1%80%a1%e1%80%81%e1%80%bb%e1%80%ad%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%99%e1%80%ae%e1%80%95%e1%80%bc%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%86%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%81%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b7-%e1%80%a1-2/
အချိန်မီပြင်ဆင်ခွင့် – အစိုးရသက်တမ်း ၄နှစ်အတွင်း လွတ်လပ်စွာထုတ်ဖော်ပြောဆိုခွင့်ကို ဆန်းစစ်ခြင်းအစီရင်ခံစာ
SHWE KOKKO BORDER KAYIN STATE PROJECT COLLECTIONMYO AUNG Myanmar
ALL ABOUT SHWE KOKKO PROJECT KAYIN STATE COLLECTIONS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwe_Kokko Shwe Kokko https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/shwe-kokko-a-paradise-for-chinese-investment/ Shwe Kokko: A paradise for Chinese investment SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 http://karennews.org/2020/03/shwe-koko-big-winners-burma-army-and-international-crime-syndicates-at-expense-of-karen-people-knu-community-groups-want-it-stopped/ Shwe Koko: Big Winners – Burma Army and international Crime Syndicates at Expense of Karen People – KNU, Community Groups Want it Stopped Karen News Send an emailMarch 26, 2020 https://asiatimes.com/2019/03/a-chinatown-mysteriously-emerges-in-backwoods-myanmar/ A Chinatown mysteriously emerges in backwoods Myanmar Shwe Kokko, a remote town along Myanmar's Moei River, is the latest odd and bold outpost of China's Belt and Road Initiative By BERTIL LINTNER MARCH 1, 2019 https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/305-commerce-and-conflict-navigating-myanmars-china-relationship https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/305-commerce-and-conflict-myanmar-china%20(1)_0.pdf Commerce and Conflict: Navigating Myanmar’s China Relationship Asia Report N°305 | 30 March 2020 https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/chinas-thai-myanmar-border-investment-shwe-kokko-chinatown-mega-project CHINA’S THAI-MYANMAR BORDER INVESTMENT: Shwe Kokko Chinatown mega-project http://monnews.org/2020/03/28/gambling-away-our-land-kpsn-report-raises-questions-about-shwe-kokko-extension-project/ ‘Gambling Away Our Land’; KPSN report raises questions about Shwe Kokko Extension project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900Fzrn8DzY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Etlg2eYn7HM https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-mystery-man-behind-the-shwe-kokko-project/?f
Myanmar language version of the UN Charter.Yangon charter myanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar language version of the UN Charter.
Source: https://unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/common/documents/publications/uncharter/yangon_charter_myanmar.pdf
https://unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/common/documents/publications/uncharter/yangon_charter_myanmar.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3tttG9XprzHH4_yCQNOg8_u8g6z23fqYLqeCUvvIkHAqzTLKjSnB1OT3g
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020 BY UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELO...MYO AUNG Myanmar
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD
ttps://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2396&utm_source=CIO+-+General+public&utm_campaign=5e26d15771-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_05_17_11_42_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3d334fa428-5e26d15771-70594621
Global foreign direct investment projected to plunge 40% in 202016 June 2020
COVID-19 causes steep drop in investment flows, hitting developing countries hardest. Recovery is not expected before 2022, says new UNCTAD report.
Myanmar Amber traps scientists in ethical dilemma over funding warMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar is a major producer of amber, a fossilized tree resin. Amber is valued for jewelry, and also serves as a sort of time capsule that provides scientific clues to prehistoric life with fossilized inclusions such as insects, birds and dinosaur footprints.
Meanwhile, the main amber-mining areas in the country are located in an internal conflict zone where an ethnic minority is fighting against the national armed forces, and the amber also comes with problems of human rights violations and smuggling.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Location/Southeast-Asia/Myanmar-amber-traps-scientists-in-ethical-dilemma-over-funding-war
Myanmar amber traps scientists in ethical dilemma over funding war
Fossils like those in 'Jurassic Park' draw scrutiny as Kachin conflict drags on
https://www.facebook.com/MYOAUNGNAYPYIDAW/posts/2839212596177214
သယံဇာတစစ်ပွဲ
မြန်မာ့ပယင်းရဲ့ သိပ္ပံပညာရှင်တွေကို စွဲဆောင်နိုင်မှုက ကျင့်ဝတ်ဆိုင်ရာ အကျပ်ရိုက်မှုဖြစ်စေပြီး စစ်ပွဲတွေအတွက် ငွေကြေးထောက်ပံ့ရာလမ်းကြောင်းဖြစ်နေ
SITUATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OVERVIEW IN BURMA (JANUARY – APRIL 2020)MYO AUNG Myanmar
The document provides an overview of the human rights situation in Burma from January to April 2020. It discusses concerns around the militarized COVID-19 response, censorship of free press and ongoing conflicts in Rakhine, Shan and Karen states that are displacing civilians and restricting access to aid. Human rights abuses documented included killings, torture, arrests and restrictions on media that were primarily committed by the Burma Army across the ethnic states. Civil society groups are working to address humanitarian needs but fighting continues despite calls for ceasefires.
2019 country reports on human rights practices burma united state of america ...MYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar Aung
21 mins ·
https://burmese.voanews.com/a/us-state-depart…/5325155.html…
ကမ္ဘာလုံးဆိုင်ရာ ကန်အစီရင်ခံစာထဲက မြန်မာလူ့အခွင့်အရေး အခြေအနေ
https://www.state.gov/…/…/BURMA-2019-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf
https://www.state.gov/…/2019-country-reports-on-human-righ…/
2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements. The U.S. Department of State submits reports on all countries receiving assistance and all United Nations member states to the U.S. Congress in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974.
MARCH 11, 2020
https://www.state.gov/assistant-secretary-for-democracy-hu…/
Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Robert A. Destro On the Release of the 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
SPECIAL BRIEFING
ROBERT A. DESTRO, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
MARCH 11, 2020
Executive Summary of Independent Commission of Enquiry "ICOE" Final Report En...MYO AUNG Myanmar
Executive Summary Of Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE' Final Report ENGLISH-BURMESE
https://www.facebook.com/myanmarpresidentoffice.gov.mm/posts/2632138836833836
ENGLISH VERSION
Independent Commission of Enquiry (ICOE)
https://www.icoe-myanmar.org/
Executive Summary Of Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE' Final Report
https://www.facebook.com/myanmarpresidentoffice.gov.mm/posts/2632129370168116
BURMESE VERSION
လွတ်လပ်သောစုံစမ်းစစ်ဆေးရေးကော်မရှင် (Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE) ၏ အပြီးသတ်အစီရင်ခံစာ အကျဉ်းချုပ်\
2019 ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Right...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=29979&nhri=1
2019 ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Rights Institutions in Asia
7 October 2019 2:36 pm
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/3.0-Online-ANNI-Report-2019.pdf
https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=29931
Myanmar: Promote press freedom, and end reprisals against Development Media Group
3 October 2019 3:58 pm
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/Press-release-Myanmar-DMG.pdf
ALL ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
ALL ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) AND MYANMAR
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.
The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America).
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. It is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.
https://www.icj-cij.org/en/court
https://www.icj-cij.org/en-basic-toolkit
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ICJ
Information Department
information@icj-cij.org
https://opiniojuris.org/2019/11/13/the-gambia-v-myanmar-at-the-international-court-of-justice-points-of-interest-in-the-application/
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/cases-brought-myanmar-deliver-justice-rohingya-191117174800430.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/war-crimes-judges-approve-investigation-violence-against-rohingya-icc-myammar
https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-situation-of-the-rohingya-is-there-a-role-for-the-international-court-of-justice/
https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/gambia-files-lawsuit-against-myanmar-international-court-justice
STIMSON INNOVATIVE IDEAS CHANGING THE WORLD AND CHINA-MEKONG RIVER AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
STIMSON INNOVATIVE IDEAS CHANGING THE WORLD AND CHINA-MEKONG RIVER AND MYANMAR
The Stimson Center is a nonpartisan policy research center working to protect people, preserve the planet, and promote security & prosperity. Stimson’s award-winning research serves as a roadmap to address borderless threats through concerted action. Our formula is simple: we gather the brightest people to think beyond soundbites, create solutions, and make those solutions a reality. We follow the credo of one of history’s leading statesmen, Henry L. Stimson, in taking “pragmatic steps toward ideal objectives.” We are practical in our approach and independent in our analysis. Our innovative ideas change the world.
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Cronin-China%20Supply%20Chain%20Shift.pdf
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/SC_EnergyPublication.FINAL_.pdf
https://www.stimson.org/content/powering-mekong-basin-connect
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/WEB-FEB_Cambodia%20Report.pdf
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/slower-smaller-cheaper-the-reality-of-the-china-myanmar-economic-corridor
Slower, smaller, cheaper: the reality of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/peace-through-development-chinas-experiment-in-myanmar
Peace through development: China’s experiment in Myanmar
https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/China-walks-political-tightrope-in-Myanmar
China walks political tightrope in Myanmar
Beijing should leverage its influence with military
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/why-china-is-sceptical-about-the-peace-process
Why China is sceptical about the peace process
https://www.stimson.org/content/%E2%80%98loose-end%E2%80%99-peace-process
The ‘loose end’ of the peace process
The Stimson Center
communications@stimson.org
THE ASSIATANCE ASSOCIATION FOR POLITICAL PRISONERS (BURMA)MYO AUNG Myanmar
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma),
https://aappb.org/background/about-aapp/
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), otherwise known as AAPP, is a human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma. AAPP advocates for the release of all remaining political prisoners in Burma and for the improvement of their quality of life during and after incarceration. AAPP has developed rehabilitation and assistance programs for those political activists who have been released while continuing to document the ongoing imprisonment of political activists in Burma.
As long as political prisoners exist inside Burma, Burma will not be free. They represent the struggle for democracy, human rights, equality and freedom for the people of Burma. This makes the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners an integral part of Burma’s drive for national reconciliation.
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER A GUIDE FOR FIRST NATIONS COMUNITIES AND ADVOCATES MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/water1019_brochure_web.pdf
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER A GUIDE FOR FIRST NATIONS COMUNITIES AND ADVOCATES
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/canada0616web.pdf
Make it Safe
Canada’s Obligation to End the First Nations Water Crisis
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/canada0616_brochure_web.pdf
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Natural Resource Governance Reform and the Peace Process in MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
NATURAL RESOURCE GOVERNANCE REFORM AND THE PEACE PROCESS IN MYANMAR
KEVIN M. WOODS
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/natural-resource-governance-reform-and-the-peace-process-in-myanmar/
FORESTS OCT 18, 2019
Natural Resource Governance Reform and the Peace Process in Myanmar
By Kevin M. Woods
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/executive-summary-of-natural-resource-governance-and-the-peace-process-in-myanmar/
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Forest-Trends_NRG_Peace_Myanmar_Final_ES.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/forest-trends-comments-on-myanmar-draft-forest-rules-2019-regarding-land-rights/
Forest Trends Comments on Myanmar Draft Forest Rules (2019) Regarding Land Rights
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Forest-Rules-Brief-2019-FINAL-Letter.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Forest_Rules_Brief_2019_FINAL_A4_BURMESE-FINAL.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/what-is-in-myanmars-first-eiti-forestry-reports/
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Tim Capel, Director of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office Legal Service, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
1. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining 1/6
2017 RESOURCE GOVERNANCE INDEX
Myanmar
MINING
Myanmar’s gemstone sector scores 27 of 100 points and
ranks 83rd among 89 assessments in the 2017 Resource
Governance Index (RGI). This assessment focuses solely on
Myanmar’s gemstone sector, which is governed by a
separate legal framework from other minerals. The
gemstone sector remains opaque, with a lack of public
access to rules on licensing or the scal regime. Myanmar
is one of the poorest countries in the world when
measured by gross domestic product per capita. The
country has su ered decades of internal con ict, partly
nanced by jade mining. Although signi cant variation
exists between valuations, Myanmar’s annual rough jade
production is generally estimated to be worth billions of
dollars. Improved transparency around the entire sector,
particularly in licensing, ownership, production and
revenue data, would be a step towards better governance.
MYANMAR (MINING): RGI
SCORE AND RANK
1st
89th
1
83rd
2. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining 2/6
MYANMAR (MINING): RGI AND COMPONENT SCORES
VALUE REALIZATION 33 /100
REVENUE
MANAGEMENT
30
/100
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
19
/100
COMPOSITE
27 /100
Average
Index results summary
MYANMAR’S GEMSTONE LICENSING SYSTEM IS AMONG THE MOST POORLY GOVERNED IN THE WORLD
Myanmar’s gemstone sector governance is poor in both value realization and revenue
management, and the country’s index performance is worsened by a failing enabling
environment. Licensing is the weakest element within value realization, with a score of four
of 100, placing Myanmar’s gemstone mining sector second-to-last, above Turkmenistan, in
the ranking. The government has virtually no transparency requirements and discloses
almost no information related to the licensing process, contracts or the identities of those
with ultimate nancial interests in the gemstone sector and trading companies. The latest
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) country report contains an incomplete
list of gem and jade licenses, including some details on blocks and license holders. Most of
these permits have since expired and the identities of companies that won rights more
recently have not been disclosed. The government has committed to requiring disclosure
of bene cial owners of gemstone mining permit holders through its EITI bene cial
ownership disclosure roadmap.
3. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining 3/6
MYANMAR (MINING): SUBCOMPONENT SCORES
Best index score
Value
realization
Value
realization
LicensingTaxation
Localim
pact
State-ow
ned
enterprises
0
20
40
60
80
100
Revenue
m
anagem
ent
Revenue
m
anagem
ent
N
ationalbudgeting
Subnationalresource
revenue
s...
Sovereign
w
ealth
funds
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enabling
environm
ent
Enabling
environm
ent
Voice
and
accountability
G
overnm
ente
ectiveness
Regulatory
qualityRule
oflaw
Controlofcorruption
Politicalstability
and
absenc...
O
pen
data
0
20
40
60
80
100
Myanmar’s governance is poor in revenue management. The government only discloses
the total annual budget, while revenues from natural resources and projections for
gemstones are not available, despite the fact that gemstones are the largest mining sector
contributor to government revenue. In the context of Myanmar’s peace process, resource-
rich, con ict-a ected regions of the country have called for greater sharing of natural
resource revenues and management responsibilities. Governance challenges evidenced by
4. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining 4/6
the index results point to a need to improve transparency on actual and estimated
revenues as the rst step toward designing a revenue sharing system that distributes
bene ts equitably and allows oversight of compliance with these rules.
MYANMAR (MINING): LAW AND PRACTICE SCORES
Gap
Myanmar performs satisfactorily in governance of local impacts as a result of provisions
included in the general environmental law for disclosure of environmental and social
impact assessments and procedures for rehabilitation of closed mining projects. These
requirements are vague, however, and do not provide clear guidance for the gemstone
sector; as a result, indicators measuring practices in this area all achieve failing scores.
Myanmar demonstrates the widest gap between legal framework and implementation in
local impact among all assessments in the index. Lack of adequate oversight of gemstone
operations has reportedly led to human rights violations and environmental disasters.
Law
Practice
0 20 40 60 80 100
State-owned enterprise governance
MYANMAR GEMS ENTERPRISE REMAINS OPAQUE, RANKING GLOBALLY 21ST AMONG 22 STATE-OWNED
MINING ENTERPRISES GLOBALLY
With a failing score of 16 of 100, the Myanmar Gems Enterprise (MGE) ranks in the bottom
ten of all state-owned enterprises (SOE) assessed in the index, and lowest of those in the
Asia-Paci c region. In addition to MGE, military-controlled companies hold interests in
gemstone mining, which has kept the sector in the hands of the country’s former ruling
elite. Gemstones can be sold through “the Emporium,” a semi-annual trade event
organized by the MGE and the Myanmar Gems and Jewellery Entrepreneurs Association
(MGJEA), the country’s primary industry group, or through private transactions. Myanmar’s
SOE law and gemstone law do not contain rules on how the MGE joint ventures or private
operators should sell gemstones, which are mostly exported to China or Thailand.
Name of state-owned
enterprise
State
ownership
level
Revenue
(USD)
Score
(/100)
Rank
(/74 SOEs)
Rank
(/22 mining
SOEs)
Myanmar Gems
Enterprise
100% N/A 16 68 21
5. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining 5/6
Governance performance across oil, gas and
mining sectors
THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OUTPERFORMS THE GEMSTONE SECTOR IN LICENSING AND SOE
GOVERNANCE
The licensing process for gemstone mining in Myanmar is the least transparent of all
countries in the index with a score of four of 100, whereas the oil and gas sector’s license
awards are somewhat more transparent, scoring 24 of 100 and ranking 67th among 89
assessments. The competitive bidding rounds organized by Myanmar Oil and Gas
Enterprise (MOGE) in 2013 and 2014 were signi cantly more transparent than previous
rounds. SOEs play a central role in the licensing process in both sectors but details on the
process, other than nal results, are rarely published.
Transparency around how much the government collects from both sectors and how these
revenues ow to the national budget is poor. Aggregate information on revenues collected
from extractive companies is disclosed through EITI, but only a fraction of gemstone
companies and their payments were included in the EITI country report. In both sectors,
taxes and payments are collected by several agencies; MOGE and MGE collect most
revenues, though the Internal Revenue Department of the Ministry of Planning and
Finance, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation and the
Ministry of Energy and Electrical Power, and (for gemstones), the General Administration
Department, also collect forms of tax. There are de cits between audit requirements and
practices; for example, extractive companies are not audited by the national tax agency.
Results of audits conducted by the O ce of the Auditor General (OAG) on the di erent tax-
collecting agencies, including the SOEs MOGE and MGE, are not disclosed to the public.
Furthermore, military-controlled holding companies MEC and UMEHL, which also work in
the gemstone sector, have historically been exempt from the OAG audit.
Di erences between the two sectors emerge in the governance of SOEs. The EITI country
report discloses the cost of non-operational activities, revenues transferred to the
government, and the cost of non-operational activities and production volume and value
for MOGE. However, it includes only an aggregate gure on MGE’s payments to
government.
MYANMAR: OIL & GAS VS. MINING SCORES
6. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/mining 6/6
MYANMAR: OIL & GAS VS. MINING SCORES
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
CompositeComposite
MMIINNIINNGGOOIILL && GGAASS
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Value realizationValue realization
Licensing
Taxation
Local impact
State-owned enterprises
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Revenue managementRevenue management
National budgeting
Subnational resource reve...
Sovereign wealth funds
What is the Resource Governance Index?
The 2017 RGI assesses how 81 resource-rich countries govern their oil, gas and mineral
wealth. The index composite score is made up of three components. Two measure key
characteristics of the extractives sector – value realization and revenue management – and
a third captures the broader context of governance — the enabling environment. These
three overarching dimensions of governance consist of 14 subcomponents, which
comprise 54 indicators calculated by aggregating 133 questions and external data.
Independent researchers, overseen by NRGI, in each of the 81 countries completed a
questionnaire to gather primary data on value realization and revenue management. For
the third component, the RGI draws on external data from over 20 international
organizations. The assessment covers the period 2015-2016. For more information on the
index, how it was constructed, and references to external data, review the RGI
Methodology.
10. 2017 Resource Governance Index2017 Índice de la Gobernanza de Recursos Naturales: Colombia (minería)
The Natural Resource Governance Institute, an independent, non-profit organization, helps people
to realize the benefits of their countries’ oil, gas and mineral wealth through applied research, and
innovative approaches to capacity development, technical advice and advocacy.
Learn more at www.resourcegovernance.org
၂၀၁၇ခု သယံဇာတ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈ အၫႊန္းကိန္း - ျမန္မာ (သတၱဳတူးေဖာ္ေရး)
ျမန္မာ - ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႕ ႏွင့္ ေက်ာက္မ်က္တူးေဖာ္မႈ ရမွတ္မ်ား
RGI ဆိုသည္မွာအဘယ္နည္း။
၂၀၁၇ RGI သည္ ၈၁ ႏိုင္ငံေသာ သဘာ၀သယံဇာတ ၾကြယ္၀ေသာႏိုင္ငံမ်ားက ယင္းတို႔၏ ေရနံ၊ သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႕ႏွင့္ ဓာတ္သတၳဳမ်ားကို မည္ကဲ့သို႔
ကိုင္တြယ္စီမံသည္ကို အကဲျဖတ္သည္။ အၫႊန္းကိန္းစုစုေပါင္း ရမွတ္တြင္ ၃မ်ိဳးပါဝင္သည္။ထုတ္လုပ္မႈက႑၏ တိုင္းတာမႈဆိုင္ရာ အဓိက လကၡဏာႏွစ္မ်ိဳးမွာ
တန္ဖိုးသတ္မွတ္ျခင္းႏွင့္ အခြန္စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈတို႔ျဖစ္သည္။ တတိယလကၡဏာျဖစ္သည့္ သဘာဝပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ ထိန္းသိမ္းမႈတြင္ ပိုမိုက်ယ္ျပန္႔ေသာ
ကိုင္တြယ္စီမံမႈပါဝင္သည္။ ယင္းကိုင္တြယ္စီမံမႈဆိုင္ရာ ေပါင္းကူးဖြဲ႕ယွက္ေနေသာ ပမာဏသံုးခုတြင္ အစိတ္အပိုင္း ၁၄ခုျဖင့္ ဖြဲ႕စည္းထားၿပီး ယင္းတို႔တြင္
အၫႊန္းျပကိန္း ၅၁ ခုပါဝင္သည္။ ယင္းတို႔ကို ေမးခြန္းစုစုေပါင္း ၁၃၃ ခုျဖင့္ တြက္ခ်က္သည္။
တန္ဖိုးသတ္မွတ္ျခင္းႏွင့္ အခြန္စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈတို႔ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ အဓိကက်ေသာ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို ေကာက္ယူရန္ အတြက္ ၈၁ ႏိုင္ငံအနက္
တစ္ႏိုင္ငံခ်င္းစီမွ NRGI က ႀကီးၾကပ္ေသာ သီးျခားလြတ္လပ္သည့္ သုေတသီမ်ားက ေမးခြန္းတစ္စံု ျပဳစုခဲ့သည္။ တတိယ လကၡဏာအတြက္ RGI သည္
ႏိုင္ငံတကာအဖြဲ႕အစည္း ၂၀ေက်ာ္မွ ျပင္ပအခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို ေရးဆြဲသည္။ ယင္းအကဲျဖတ္ခ်က္ကို ၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆ခုႏွစ္ကာလပါဝင္သည္။ အၫႊန္းကိန္းႏွင့္
ယင္းကိုမည္သို႔ တည္ေဆာက္ခဲ့သည္ဆိုသည္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္သည့္ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားအတြက္ RGI နည္းကိုၾကည့္ပါ။
■ Mining ■ Oil and gas
-100 -50 0 50 100
Resource Governance Index
Value realization
Licensing
Taxation
Local Impact
State-owned enterprises
Revenue management
National budgeting
Subnational resource revenue sharing
Sovereign wealth funds
Enabling environment
Voice and accountability
Government effectiveness
Regulatory quality
Rule of law
Control of corruption
Political stability and absence of violence
Open data
သယံဇာတ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈ အၫႊန္းကိန္း
တန္ဖိုးသတ္မွတ္မႈ
လိုင္စင္ခ်ထားေပးမႈ
အခြန္ေကာက္ခံျခင္း
ေဒသတြင္း ထိခိုက္မႈ
ႏိုင္ငံပိုင္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား
အခြန္ေငြ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမွု
ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ဘတ္ဂ်က္ခ်ထားေပးမႈ
ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္က တစ္စိတ္တစ္ေဒသ ပိုင္ေသာ အရင္းအျမစ္အခြန္ခြဲေဝျခင္း
အခ်ဳပ္အျခာအာဏာပိုင္ ဓနဥစၥာ ရန္ပုံေငြ
သဘာဝပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ ထိန္းသိမ္းျခင္း
ျပည္သူ႔သေဘာထားႏွင့္ တာဝန္ခံမႈ
အစိုးရ၏ ၾသဇာသက္ေရာက္မႈ
ထိန္းညႇိမႈ အရည္အေသြး
တရားဥပေဒ စိုးမိုးမႈ
အက်င့္ပ်က္ျခစားမႈ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ျခင္း
ႏိုင္ငံေရးတည္ၿငိမ္မႈႏွင့္ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈမရွိျခင္း
ျမင္သာေသာ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ား
သတၱဳတူးေဖာ္ေရး ေရနံနွင့္သဘာဝဓါတ္ေငြ႔
11. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas 1/6
2017 RESOURCE GOVERNANCE INDEX
Myanmar
OIL & GAS
Myanmar’s oil and gas sector scores 31 of 100 points and
ranks 77th among 89 assessments in the 2017 Resource
Governance Index (RGI). Compared to the country’s
gemstones sector, progress in transparency is more visible
in the oil and gas sector, which is emerging as a signi cant
contributor of revenue to the state’s co ers. According to
the rst Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative (EITI) report, the oil and gas sector contributed 85
percent of reported revenues from the extractive sector,
generating nearly a quarter of the government’s revenues.
Some reforms to the role of state-owned enterprises
(SOEs) are underway. A failing enabling environment
re ects the persistent challenges faced by a country that
has su ered decades of internal con ict. Myanmar’s
enabling environment is assessed as failing.
MYANMAR (OIL & GAS): RGI
SCORE AND RANK
1st
89th
77th
12. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas 2/6
MYANMAR (OIL & GAS): RGI AND COMPONENT SCORES
VALUE REALIZATION 44 /100
REVENUE
MANAGEMENT
30
/100
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
19
/100
COMPOSITE
31 /100
Average
Index results summary
SMALL STEPS TOWARDS BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS AND LICENSING TRANSPARENCY
Myanmar’s oil and gas sector achieves its best component score, 44 of 100 points, in value
realization, the component that measures a country’s ability to extract value from its
natural resource endowment. Myanmar performs satisfactorily in taxation, although in the
absence of up-to-date sector legislation, the terms of hydrocarbon extraction lack the force
of law and are determined by the National Energy Policy and a model production sharing
contract. Reform of the legal framework, including the scal regime, has stalled, and the
public cannot hold the government accountable for compliance with contracts because oil
and gas contracts are not disclosed.
13. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas 3/6
MYANMAR (OIL & GAS): SUBCOMPONENT SCORES
Best index score
Value
realization
Value
realization
LicensingTaxation
Localim
pact
State-ow
ned
enterprises
0
20
40
60
80
100
Revenue
m
anagem
ent
Revenue
m
anagem
ent
N
ationalbudgeting
Subnationalresource
revenue
s...
Sovereign
w
ealth
funds
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enabling
environm
ent
Enabling
environm
ent
Voice
and
accountability
G
overnm
ente
ectiveness
Regulatory
qualityRule
oflaw
Controlofcorruption
Politicalstability
and
absenc...
O
pen
data
0
20
40
60
80
100
MYANMAR (OIL & GAS): RESOURCE GOVERNANCE TRENDS
14. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas 4/6
MYANMAR (OIL & GAS): RESOURCE GOVERNANCE TRENDS
Myanmar has made progress in transparency, particularly by joining the EITI, which has
facilitated disclosure of basic data on reserves, production, and exports of oil, gas and jade.
According to the country’s EITI report, the government collected nearly USD 2.7 billion in oil
and gas tax and non-tax revenues and another USD 460 million in mining revenues in scal
year 2013–2014. In addition, EITI has been a forum for progress in civil society participation
in a mostly closed and centrally controlled country. (Myanmar’s enabling environment
scores just 19 of 100 points in the index.) Myanmar passed a new environmental law in
2012 with some environmental controls, but further reform of the environmental legal
framework is required. Indicators measuring enforcement of laws and actual disclosure
achieve failing scores.
There are no speci c subnational revenue sharing mechanisms for oil and gas sector
revenues. Companies can voluntarily contribute to social development funds, but because
local governments’ revenue generation abilities are limited and scal transfers take place
on an ad hoc basis, there is demand for a system for sharing resource revenues,
particularly in oil-and-gas-rich but poverty-stricken states.
Issue Score 2017 RGI Direction
Company payment disclosure 77/100
EIA / SIA rule 100/100
State-owned enterprise governance
MYANMAR OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISE’S LACK OF TRANSPARENCY HINDERS ACCOUNTABILITY ON PUBLIC
REVENUES
The Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) is the most important extractive industry
revenue generator in Myanmar. The government has announced a policy to reform SOEs,
granting them greater autonomy, including a right to keep a portion of revenues. MOGE
does not disclose information on how it sells the production share it collects from its
partnerships. Its reporting and corporate governance practices are failing, as it does not
report annually on its nances or operations. The 2016 Myanmar EITI report provides
some information on MOGE, including the share of revenues it retains, and that it provides
fuel subsidies on behalf of the government.
15. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas 5/6
Name of state-owned
enterprise
State
ownership
level
Revenue
(USD)
Score
(/100)
Rank
(/74 SOEs)
Rank
(/52 oil & gas
SOEs)
Myanmar Oil and Gas
Enterprise
100% N/A 35 56 39
Governance performance across oil, gas and
mining sectors
THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OUTPERFORMS THE GEMSTONE SECTOR IN LICENSING AND SOE
GOVERNANCE
The licensing process for gemstone mining in Myanmar is the least transparent of all
countries in the index with a score of four of 100, whereas the oil and gas sector’s license
awards are somewhat more transparent, scoring 24 of 100 and ranking 67 among 89
assessments. The competitive bidding rounds organized by Myanmar Oil and Gas
Enterprise (MOGE) in 2013 and 2014 were signi cantly more transparent than previous
rounds. SOEs play a central role in the licensing process in both sectors but details on the
process, other than nal results, are rarely published.
Transparency around how much the government collects from both sectors and how these
revenues ow to the national budget is poor. Aggregate information on revenues collected
from extractive companies is disclosed through EITI, but only a fraction of gemstone
companies and their payments were included in the EITI country report. In both sectors,
taxes and payments are collected by several agencies; MOGE and MGE collect most
revenues, though the Internal Revenue Department of the Ministry of Planning and
Finance, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation and the
Ministry of Energy and Electrical Power, and (for gemstones), the General Administration
Department, also collect forms of tax. There are de cits between audit requirements and
practices; for example, extractive companies are not audited by the national tax agency.
Results of audits conducted by the O ce of the Auditor General (OAG) on the di erent tax-
collecting agencies, including the SOEs MOGE and MGE, are not disclosed to the public.
Furthermore, military-controlled holding companies MEC and UMEHL, which also work in
the gemstone sector, have historically been exempt from the OAG audit.
Di erences between the two sectors emerge in the governance of SOEs. The EITI country
report discloses the cost of non-operational activities, revenues transferred to the
government, and the cost of non-operational activities and production volume and value
for MOGE. However, it includes only an aggregate gure on MGE’s payments to
government.
MYANMAR: OIL & GAS VS. MINING SCORES
th
16. 7/30/2017 Resource Governance Index
http://resourcegovernanceindex.org/country-profiles/MMR/oil-gas 6/6
MYANMAR: OIL & GAS VS. MINING SCORES
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
CompositeComposite
OOIILL && GGAASSMMIINNIINNGG
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Value realizationValue realization
Licensing
Taxation
Local impact
State-owned enterprises
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Revenue managementRevenue management
National budgeting
Subnational resource reve...
Sovereign wealth funds
What is the Resource Governance Index?
The 2017 RGI assesses how 81 resource-rich countries govern their oil, gas and mineral
wealth. The index composite score is made up of three components. Two measure key
characteristics of the extractives sector – value realization and revenue management – and
a third captures the broader context of governance — the enabling environment. These
three overarching dimensions of governance consist of 14 subcomponents, which
comprise 54 indicators calculated by aggregating 133 questions and external data.
Independent researchers, overseen by NRGI, in each of the 81 countries completed a
questionnaire to gather primary data on value realization and revenue management. For
the third component, the RGI draws on external data from over 20 international
organizations. The assessment covers the period 2015-2016. For more information on the
index, how it was constructed, and references to external data, review the RGI
Methodology.
17. 2017
Resource
Governance
Index
Myanmar (oil and gas) 77th
MYANMAR OIL AND GAS:
RGI SCORE AND RANK
Good
(>75)
Satisfactory
(60-74)
Weak
(45-59)
Poor
(30-44)
Failing
(<30)
Myanmar’s oil and gas sector scores 31 of 100 points and ranks 77th
among 89 assessments in the
2017 Resource Governance Index (RGI). Compared to the country’s gemstones sector, progress in
transparency is more visible in the oil and gas sector, which is emerging as a significant contributor
of revenue to the state’s coffers. According to the first Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative (EITI) report, the oil and gas sector contributed 85 percent of reported revenues from the
extractive sector, generating nearly a quarter of the government’s revenues. Some reforms to the role of
state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are underway. Myanmar’s enabling environment is assessed as failing.
Myanmar oil and gas: RGI and component scores.
VALUE REALIZATION 44/100
REVENUE MANAGEMENT 30/100
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT 19/100
COMPOSITE
31/100
18. 2017 Resource Governance Index
2
2017 Resource Governance Index: Myanmar (oil and gas)
INDEX RESULTS SUMMARY
Myanmar has taken small steps toward better environmental controls and licensing transparency
Myanmar oil and gas: subcomponent scores
Myanmar’s oil and gas sector achieves its best component score, 44 of 100 points, in value realization, the component
that measures a country’s ability to extract value from its natural resource endowment. Myanmar performs
satisfactorily in taxation, although in the absence of up-to-date sector legislation, the terms of hydrocarbon extraction
lack the force of law and are determined by the National Energy Policy and a model production sharing contract.
Reform of the legal framework, including the fiscal regime, has stalled, and the public cannot hold the government
accountable for compliance with contracts because oil and gas contracts are not disclosed.
Myanmar oil and gas: resource governance trends
Issue 2017 RGI Score Direction
Company payment disclosure 77 s
Environmental impact assessment/
social impact assessment rule
100 s
Myanmar has made progress in transparency, particularly by joining the EITI, which has facilitated disclosure of
basic data on reserves, production, and exports of oil, gas and jade. According to the country’s EITI report, the
government collected nearly USD 2.7 billion in oil and gas tax and non-tax revenues and another USD 460 million
in mining revenues in fiscal year 2013–2014. In addition, EITI has been a forum for progress in civil society
participation in a mostly closed and centrally controlled country. (Myanmar’s enabling environment scores just 19
of 100 points in the index.) Myanmar passed a new environmental law in 2012 with some environmental controls,
but further reform of the environmental legal framework is required. Indicators measuring enforcement of laws and
actual disclosure achieve failing scores.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Policy area performance across
the extractive's value chainValuerealization
ResourceGovernanceIndex
Licensing
LocalImpact
Taxation
State-ownedenterprises
Revenuemanagement
Subnationalresourcerevenuesharing
Nationalbudgeting
Sovereignwealthfunds
Enablingenvironment
Voiceandaccountability
Governmenteffectiveness
Regulatoryquality
Ruleoflaw
Politicalstabilityandabsenceofviolence
Controlofcorruption
Opendata
19. 2017 Resource Governance Index
3
2017 Resource Governance Index: Myanmar (oil and gas)
There are no specific subnational revenue sharing mechanisms for oil and gas sector revenues. Companies can
voluntarily contribute to social development funds, but because local governments’ revenue generation abilities are
limited and fiscal transfers take place on an ad hoc basis, there is demand for a system for sharing resource revenues,
particularly in oil-and-gas-rich but poverty-stricken states.
STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE GOVERNANCE
Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise’s lack of transparency hinders accountability on public revenues
Name
State ownership
level Revenue [USD] Score/100 Rank/74 SOEs
Rank/52 oil and
gas SOEs
Oil and gas:
Myanmar Oil and Gas
Enterprise (MOGE)
100% N/A 35 56 39
The Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) is the most important extractive industry revenue generator in
Myanmar. The government has announced a policy to reform SOEs, granting them greater autonomy, including
a right to keep a portion of revenues. MOGE does not disclose information on how it sells the production share
it collects from its partnerships. Its reporting and corporate governance practices are failing, as it does not report
annually on its finances or operations. The 2016 Myanmar EITI report provides some information on MOGE,
including the share of revenues it retains, and that it provides fuel subsidies on behalf of the government.
GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ACROSS OIL, GAS AND MINING SECTORS
The oil and gas sector outperforms the gemstone sector in licensing and SOE governance
The licensing process for gemstone mining in Myanmar is the least transparent of all countries in the index with a score
of four of 100, whereas the oil and gas sector’s license awards are somewhat more transparent, scoring 24 of 100 and
ranking 67th
among 89 assessments. The competitive bidding rounds organized by Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise
(MOGE) in 2013 and 2014 were significantly more transparent than previous rounds. SOEs play a central role in the
licensing process in both sectors but details on the process, other than final results, are rarely published.
Transparency around how much the government collects from both sectors and how these revenues flow to the
national budget is poor. Aggregate information on revenues collected from extractive companies is disclosed through
EITI, but only a fraction of gemstone companies and their payments were included in the EITI country report. In
both sectors, taxes and payments are collected by several agencies; MOGE and MGE collect most revenues, though
the Internal Revenue Department of the Ministry of Planning and Finance, the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environmental Conservation and the Ministry of Energy and Electrical Power, and (for gemstones), the General
Administration Department, also collect forms of tax. There are deficits between audit requirements and practices; for
example, extractive companies are not audited by the national tax agency. Results of audits conducted by the Office
of the Auditor General (OAG) on the different tax-collecting agencies, including the SOEs MOGE and MGE, are not
disclosed to the public. Furthermore, military-controlled holding companies MEC and UMEHL, which also work in
the gemstone sector, have historically been exempt from the OAG audit.
Differences between the two sectors emerge in the governance of SOEs. The EITI country report discloses the cost of
non-operational activities, revenues transferred to the government, and the cost of non-operational activities and pro-
duction volume and value for MOGE. However, it includes only an aggregate figure on MGE’s payments to government.
20. 2017 Resource Governance Index2017 Resource Governance Index: Myanmar (oil and gas)
The Natural Resource Governance Institute, an independent, non-profit organization, helps people
to realize the benefits of their countries’ oil, gas and mineral wealth through applied research, and
innovative approaches to capacity development, technical advice and advocacy.
Learn more at www.resourcegovernance.org
Myanmar oil and gas: oil and gas vs. Mining scores
What is the RGI?
The 2017 RGI assesses how 81 resource-rich countries govern their oil, gas and mineral wealth. The index
composite score is made up of three components. Two measure key characteristics of the extractives sector – value
realization and revenue management – and a third captures the broader context of governance — the enabling
environment. These three overarching dimensions of governance consist of 14 subcomponents, which comprise 51
indicators, which are calculated by aggregating 133 questions.
Independent researchers, overseen by NRGI, in each of the 81 countries completed a questionnaire to gather
primary data on value realization and revenue management. For the third component, the RGI draws on external
data from over 20 international organizations. The assessment covers the period 2015-2016. For more information
on the index and how it was constructed, review the RGI Methodology.
■ Mining ■ Oil and gas
-100 -50 0 50 100
Resource Governance Index
Value realization
Licensing
Taxation
Local Impact
State-owned enterprises
Revenue management
National budgeting
Subnational resource revenue sharing
Sovereign wealth funds
Enabling environment
Voice and accountability
Government effectiveness
Regulatory quality
Rule of law
Control of corruption
Political stability and absence of violence
Open data
28. Foreword
2017 Resource Governance Index
2 | WWW.RESOURCEGOVERNANCEINDEX.ORG
E
ffective governance of the oil, gas and
mining sectors is a persistent challenge,
especially for low- and middle-income
countries. But as the Resource Governance
Index reveals, it is not an insurmountable one. In
the index we see many examples of developing
countries defying expectations and stereotypes—
sometimes in one policy area, sometimes in
many—making progress toward a more judicious
use of their natural resources for national
development. Unfortunately, this is not true for
all countries, some having experienced in recent
years worrisome setbacks in the proper use of
their natural resources.
Poor management and corruption can take
root anywhere, in countries rich or poor. These
scourges cannot be eliminated everywhere, all
of the time. But citizens, journalists, legislators,
politicians, companies, investors and academics
can work to mitigate them, and expose them early
on—and that is where the data carefully compiled
here by the Natural Resource Governance
Institute become so valuable.
The staff of our institute have worked hard to
provide evidence and documentation to assist
in the critical struggle for better natural resource
governance. Hopefully the insightful data
provided by the index will contribute to the work
of those committed to economic prosperity and
social justice in resource-producing countries.
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León
Professor in the Field of International Economics
and Politics, Yale University
Former President of Mexico
Chair, Board of Directors
Natural Resource Governance Institute
29. Introduction
WWW.RESOURCEGOVERNANCEINDEX.ORG | 3
T
he extraction of oil, gas and minerals is
one of the most politically, socially and
economically complex undertakings in
development. It is a business that connects the
world and sates much of our hunger for energy and
raw materials. It produces inputs to almost every
physical product manufactured. It has contributed
to one of the most fundamental challenges in
human history—climate change. It has produced
trillions of dollars in revenues.
These vast sums of money contrast cruelly with
the poverty of many countries where resources
are found—1.8 billion people live in poverty in
the scores of countries assessed in this index.1
The empirical evidence is clear: changing this dire
situation requires improving governance—the
institutions, rules and practices that determine
how company executives and government officials
make decisions and engage and affect citizens,
communities and the environments they inhabit.
To improve governance, one has to diagnose
in detail what works and what does not, and that
requires measurement. The Resource Governance
Index assesses the quality of natural resource
governance in 81 countries that together produce,
among other commodities, 82 percent of the
world’s oil, 78 percent of its gas and 72 percent
of all copper.2
The index has as its intellectual
foundation the Natural Resource Charter; both are
the product of the expertise of NRGI staff and a
network of external scholars and practitioners.
The index is the sum total of 89 country-level
assessments (in eight countries we assess both
oil and gas and mining sectors), formulated using
a framework of 149 critical questions answered
by 150 researchers, drawing upon almost
10,000 supporting documents. Researchers’
careful assessments of extractive sector factors
are combined with pre-existing data, from
other sources, on countries’ broader enabling
environments. The findings presented in this
report reflect highlights from a much larger set
of data and country profiles available online at
www.resourcegovernanceindex.org.
So what does the index tell us? The data show
that despite substantial efforts from governments,
advocates and the international community, in
most countries governing resources remains a
major challenge. Every country could improve in at
least one important area of governance, and most
countries have significant room for progress in
multiple areas.
At the same time, reformers have achieved a
great deal. The index shows that many countries—
even some in very challenging situations—have
taken concrete steps in the form of rules and
procedures. Those promoting change need not
look far to find inspiration on how to better
govern—there are countries pursuing innovative
approaches and progressing in every region. The
evidence shows that more progress is taking
place in the adoption of rules than in their
actual practice; often those who seek improved
governance should in many places focus on
implementing existing legal frameworks. We also
learn that better resource governance emerges in
countries where civic space is safeguarded and
corruption risks are mitigated.
Considering the imperative of inclusive growth
in resource-rich countries, improvements at the
international level are also called for—including
by members of the G7, multinational companies
and international financial institutions. Work
remains for producing countries that seek further
economic transformation and diversification,
better protection of the environment and assurance
that citizens benefit from extraction.
The main priorities and preferred pathways to
action will vary across countries and actors, which
means that informed and inclusive public debate is
essential. These dialogues must incorporate politi-
cal, economic, social and environmental consider-
ations. We trust that the evidence in this index will
inform such debates and the resulting decisions.
Daniel Kaufmann
President and CEO
Natural Resource Governance Institute
32. Creating the 2017
Resource Governance Index
2017 Resource Governance Index
6 | WWW.RESOURCEGOVERNANCEINDEX.ORG
3.40 YUOP▲60.29 RETR▲67.89
3.40 YUOP▲60.29 RETR▲67.89
Creating the 2017 Resource Governance Index
NRGI creates a questionnaire
consisting of 149 questions.
One hundred and fifty experts, in
81 countries, research the issues,
compile documentation and
complete the questionnaire.
1. 2.
NRGI collates and
assesses the quality of
all collected data.
3.
NRGI translates raw data into scores for the two
bespoke components of the Resource Governance
Index―value realization and revenue management.
4.
NRGI collects additional data to capture countries’ “enabling
environments”―the broader institutional governance and
transparency context.
5.
NRGI calculates the
index using the
primary and
secondary data.
NRGI publicizes and disseminates the
index and provides recommendations
to key stakeholders.
8.
NRGI analyzes
results and
generates key
findings.
7.
6.
Governments,
journalists, civil society
actors and companies
use the findings from
the index to improve
resource governance
for the benefit of
citizens and investors.
9.