Muhammad Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky in 1942 and was originally named Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. He was introduced to boxing by a Louisville police officer named Joe E. Martin, who also trained him. However, Clay also received training from Fred Stoner, an African American trainer, at the local community center. Under Stoner's guidance, Clay had a successful amateur boxing career where he won multiple national and Olympic titles, including a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics in Rome. After facing racism during the Olympics, Clay threw his gold medal into the Ohio River in protest.