A seven-step framework applied to emphasise, understand and map the mental models passengers who abuse the priority seats on SMRT trains in Singapore. Data gathering methods ranging from ethnography to persona modelling were employed in this study. The group ideated prototypes and campaigns that target to eliminate or reduce behavioural triggers attributed to seat-hogging.
Inclusive design for mobility: considering the needs of older usersChristine Hemphill
The document discusses designing intelligent mobility solutions that meet the needs of older users, noting trends around an aging population and how transportation modes and barriers differ depending on impairments. It provides insights from a survey of older travelers on their transportation habits and challenges, and recommends principles for inclusive design such as considering end-to-end journeys and multiple impairments.
Make Extremes Mainstream: The Power of Inclusive DesignSeda Maurer
A revised version of the original presentation, this version clarifies the specific needs to meet compliance with Digital Accessibility requirements. This presentation also offers solutions such as journey maps, and testing designs and products with people with disability to achieve the Digital Accessibility for all users.
This document provides a summary of a design manual for creating a barrier-free built environment. It covers topics such as signage, anthropometrics, space allowances, accessible routes, entrances, doors, windows, washrooms, drinking fountains, kitchens, storage, telephones, furniture, ATMs, alarms, controls, and references. The manual is intended to be a comprehensive reference for architects, designers, and planners to ensure buildings and public spaces are accessible to all.
Problem solving is a higher-order cognitive process that requires controlling more fundamental skills. It is difficult due to various factors such as lack of clarity, multiple goals, complexity, and dynamic time considerations. The problem solving cycle involves recognizing the problem, observing the current situation, analyzing the problem thoroughly, developing and validating a solution, sustaining the solution, and evaluating the problem and process. Key aspects of each step are defining the problem clearly, collecting all available information, considering various root causes, developing potential solutions, validating that the selected solution worked as intended, and ensuring changes are made to sustain the solution and prevent future issues.
The document provides an agenda and overview for a training on systematic problem solving using tools like 5 Whys. The agenda covers introductions, an exercise on defining problems, an introduction to 5 Whys technique, team exercises applying the techniques, and a wrap up. The training will teach participants how to use 5 Whys to peel back the layers of a problem to identify the root cause by repeatedly asking "Why?". Identifying the root cause allows for preventing future recurrence of the problem.
The document outlines research conducted on improving transportation accessibility for the visually impaired in Singapore. It describes interviews conducted with visually impaired individuals to understand their needs as well as an analysis of existing transportation apps. The document then details the design process and features considered to develop a new app to help the visually impaired more independently navigate public transportation.
Inclusive design for mobility: considering the needs of older usersChristine Hemphill
The document discusses designing intelligent mobility solutions that meet the needs of older users, noting trends around an aging population and how transportation modes and barriers differ depending on impairments. It provides insights from a survey of older travelers on their transportation habits and challenges, and recommends principles for inclusive design such as considering end-to-end journeys and multiple impairments.
Make Extremes Mainstream: The Power of Inclusive DesignSeda Maurer
A revised version of the original presentation, this version clarifies the specific needs to meet compliance with Digital Accessibility requirements. This presentation also offers solutions such as journey maps, and testing designs and products with people with disability to achieve the Digital Accessibility for all users.
This document provides a summary of a design manual for creating a barrier-free built environment. It covers topics such as signage, anthropometrics, space allowances, accessible routes, entrances, doors, windows, washrooms, drinking fountains, kitchens, storage, telephones, furniture, ATMs, alarms, controls, and references. The manual is intended to be a comprehensive reference for architects, designers, and planners to ensure buildings and public spaces are accessible to all.
Problem solving is a higher-order cognitive process that requires controlling more fundamental skills. It is difficult due to various factors such as lack of clarity, multiple goals, complexity, and dynamic time considerations. The problem solving cycle involves recognizing the problem, observing the current situation, analyzing the problem thoroughly, developing and validating a solution, sustaining the solution, and evaluating the problem and process. Key aspects of each step are defining the problem clearly, collecting all available information, considering various root causes, developing potential solutions, validating that the selected solution worked as intended, and ensuring changes are made to sustain the solution and prevent future issues.
The document provides an agenda and overview for a training on systematic problem solving using tools like 5 Whys. The agenda covers introductions, an exercise on defining problems, an introduction to 5 Whys technique, team exercises applying the techniques, and a wrap up. The training will teach participants how to use 5 Whys to peel back the layers of a problem to identify the root cause by repeatedly asking "Why?". Identifying the root cause allows for preventing future recurrence of the problem.
The document outlines research conducted on improving transportation accessibility for the visually impaired in Singapore. It describes interviews conducted with visually impaired individuals to understand their needs as well as an analysis of existing transportation apps. The document then details the design process and features considered to develop a new app to help the visually impaired more independently navigate public transportation.
it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
This document presents a literature review and discussion of designing mobile applications to aid independent travel for users with special needs. It discusses challenges faced by this user group in traveling independently as well as principles of universal design that should be considered. Existing apps that aim to help users with special needs travel independently and safely are also reviewed, including Way Buddy and SnApp, which take different design approaches. The document concludes that there is a clear need for such an app and that employing user research methods and universal design principles could help developers create an effective solution.
This project was conducted for the Nissan Research Center in Silicon Valley as an exploratory ethnographic study of the social life of the car. The goal was to generate a foundational understanding of how people in the U.S. understand and drive their cars and to provide clear design implications to Nissan Labs regarding future autonomous vehicles (all AV levels 1-4).
Can vs. Should: Balancing User Needs and Engineering Possibilities to Create ...Teaque Lenahan
There's a lot of digital experiences that can be put in our cars. But what SHOULD go in our cars is a matter not only of what's technically possible but what's meaningful to the driver and passengers...and safe. Contextual factors (speed, distractions, etc.) in automotives demands a hard look at the direction design should take in this space, and it's up to OEMs to design around the experience, not the technology.
Sony VIAO - Dilemma of Richard Lopez.
Richard Lopez: Product manager of Sony Corp, Hong Kong has a problem.
He Has to create a Marketing Plan for VAIO laptop in China
But that is not the main problem. The problem is too much data.
Initially Lopez was working with three MR reports. Then he got another corporate study that segmented consumers at global level.
Now his problem is that which combination he should choose
Consumer buying behavior while purchasing lenovo laptop by DharmjitSinh Jadej...DharmjitSinhJadeja1
This document presents a research study on consumer buying behavior when purchasing Lenovo laptops. It begins with an introduction that discusses the history of laptops and current market share of laptop manufacturers. It then provides an overview of Lenovo, describing when it was founded and its current size. The research problem is identified as understanding factors that affect consumer expectations and buying decisions. Hypotheses are proposed related to after-sales services, consumer reviews, and brand value influencing behavior. A literature review discusses previous research finding that income, culture, status and other factors shape purchasing. In conclusion, the document outlines an study of consumer laptop buying behavior and expectations toward Lenovo.
This presentation contains the argument for the need of a framework (the Firma Model developed with Terence Fenn) to assist the human centered design process when dealing with problems of great complexity and situated in society. This is a theoretical piece and explains the model in some detail. This presentation was delivered at the Spring UXSF in Tokyo, Japan 2015 hosted by Sociomedia
The Firma Model is a meta-framework for design that provides models for research, strategy, and critique. It views problems as existing within a broader ecology that includes immediate, contextual, and paradigmatic areas of concern. These areas include users, organizations, markets, legacy issues, the environment, society, politics, economics, culture, and history. The model aims to provide an information architecture to understand these relationships and their influences, from narrow to broad, to properly frame problems, develop strategic solutions, and allow for critique by tracing impacts.
views
Presentation given by Tyron Louw at the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2014
www.ahfe2014.org
http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/t.louw
(Re)mixed Methods for Accessible Product DesignFITC
Presented at FITC Toronto 2018
Details at www.fitc.ca
Presented by Andréa Crofts, League
Overview
Ever wonder how to recruit users with accessibility needs? And once you recruit them, how do you address the elephant in the room: their disability? In this talk, Andréa shares strategies for going beyond your homogenous participant pool. The end result? Inclusive products for all users, regardless of accessibility needs.
Target Audience
Designers and UX researchers, product managers, developers, digital creators of any experience level
Six Things Audience Members Will Learn
Why it’s important to test with humans across a spectrum of ability
The art + science of recruiting participants with accessibility needs
Factors and considerations for testing with the visually impaired community
Tips for generative research
Tips for evaluative research
Easy wins to highlight your research efforts front and centre and invite product participation from all communities, including those with disabilities
Ensuring the end product is inclusive can be a challenge, but so can also be the process that was used to design it. How do we make sure that design is just and that people and communities are not inadvertently harmed, on the basis of aspects such as age, background, gender, and race, in the design process by the choices we make as designers? How do we do this especially for new innovative technologies, which we might not know much about? In this session, the speaker will review the common pitfalls of typical design research and development. Then, the speaker will walk through a framework for better design work that is more inclusive and minimizes potential social harm.
Second workshop in the IxDA Seattle Social Good Series, led by the founders of Dupla Studios. Learn how to extract meaningful insights from user research, and create design requirements for solutions that will impact lives for the better.
The document discusses user profiles and personas, which are tools used in user-centered design to represent and understand target users. It provides guidance on creating user profiles, including defining a range of user attributes and types of users. Personas are introduced as archetypes of user profiles that make users more relatable. The document outlines how to develop personas through storytelling to foster empathy, and provides examples of persona templates.
[Skolkovo Robotics 2015 Day 1] Зигель Х. Communicating Robotics | Siegel H. ...Skolkovo Robotics Center
Презентация Халли Зигель, редактора международного портала robohab.org, на мастер классе хакатона по промышленному дизайну роботов на конференции Skolkovo Robotics 2015
This document summarizes a problem solving workshop about improving transport in Britain that was held in London. It identifies key problems in 5 themes: modes of transport, human behavior, economics, infrastructure, and users' experience. Within each theme are 3-5 specific problems discussed, such as how to challenge car dominance, connect different transportation modes, and improve the user experience of sustainable transportation options. The workshop had 15 participants who identified 115 problems and generated 24 insights over the course of the discussion.
Summary of the output from the problem framing workshop for the GeoVation Challenge 'How can we improve transport in Britain?' held at the London Transport Museum on 19 January 2011.
This document outlines a workshop on market needs analysis, which is part of the process of discovering a potential one million dollar business idea. The workshop agenda covers identifying customer segments, perceptual mapping, marketing mix, competitor analysis, and macro trends analysis. The document provides an overview of how to conduct a market needs analysis to determine if a product meets a clear market demand. It discusses identifying product uniqueness, competition, customer requirements, barriers to entry, distribution channels, and pricing criteria. Examples are given on perceptual mapping and segmentation for car and smartphone ownership. Tools like the marketing mix, competitor analysis grid, PESTEL analysis, and force field analysis are presented as ways to evaluate market opportunities and trends.
Presented on March 7 at FITC Spotlight UX/UI
with Ilona Posner
More info at www.FITC.ca
User experience defines brands and distinguishes great products from their weaker peers. User experience needs to be at the forefront of every product vision, although, it is becoming clear that user experience is not enough. This session will discuss the larger echo-systems that need to be addressed for design success. The keyhole metaphor will be introduced as a powerful addition to the UX toolbox which can help designers strengthen their conversations with management and to deliver exceptional experiences.
OBJECTIVE
Introduce simple yet powerful concepts that can be applied immediately to enhance design team communication, user research, and overcoming design obstacles to improve the user experience.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Designers, Developers, Product teams, Management
FIVE THINGS AUDIENCE MEMBERS WILL LEARN
To contextualize UI, UX, and the larger Experience
Limitations of the narrow points of view
Keyhole metaphor for viewing design problems in a new light
How to expand design teams’ perspectives
Case studies of successes and failures to use in design discussions
Business Case Study: Avatar Coronary Stents for IndonesiaStefan
I did this introductory course on managing and commercialising current innovations in BioTechnology in 2010.
*This project preceded development in depth technology strategies coronary stent innovations.
'Tuned Inside-Out': Mediating engagement experiences with music on-the-go"Stefan
PhD Confirmation Seminar: Jun Quan Choo (Stefan)
Date: Friday the 9th of March
Time: 10.00 am- 11.30 am
Venue: GP-V713
Lengthy commute stresses commuters with adverse impacts on their wellbeing. During these experiences, commuters engage with music via portable music technologies, like headphones plugged into iPods. Engaging with music affords listeners distraction from the stresses of commute, for pleasure and other reasons. Empirical evidence suggests classical music is effective in mitigating stresses, and people use music as a wellbeing resource. These studies were based on a listener’s mental representation of music. Instead, a listener’s engagement with music is more than a mental representation in real life; music moves people. There are no available significant studies of how people embody interactions with music via portable music devices in accordance to his needs. To address the gap, this research investigates
what shapes a commuter’s engagement with music as they commute via trains in a major Australian metropolitan city and the involvement of technologies in mediating the commuter’s
interactions with music in context. An experiment involving video-recorded observations will capture individual participating commuter’s movements and physiological reactions in engagement with music devices ranging from headphones to haptic devices and Virtual Reality headsets. Retrospective interviews probe the participant’s association of movements in his music experience. Thematic analyses of participants’ bodily use of senses and movements, how these relate to their music experiences and wellbeing will be distilled into design recommendations. It is expected that these recommendations can inform technology providers, music producers, musicians and railway operators possibilities to adapt or design portable music technologies appropriate for commuters’ use in context.
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it is a smart wheelchair which uses voice and bluetooth commands . Also consists of temperature and heartbeat sensors for continuous monitoring by the doctor.
This document presents a literature review and discussion of designing mobile applications to aid independent travel for users with special needs. It discusses challenges faced by this user group in traveling independently as well as principles of universal design that should be considered. Existing apps that aim to help users with special needs travel independently and safely are also reviewed, including Way Buddy and SnApp, which take different design approaches. The document concludes that there is a clear need for such an app and that employing user research methods and universal design principles could help developers create an effective solution.
This project was conducted for the Nissan Research Center in Silicon Valley as an exploratory ethnographic study of the social life of the car. The goal was to generate a foundational understanding of how people in the U.S. understand and drive their cars and to provide clear design implications to Nissan Labs regarding future autonomous vehicles (all AV levels 1-4).
Can vs. Should: Balancing User Needs and Engineering Possibilities to Create ...Teaque Lenahan
There's a lot of digital experiences that can be put in our cars. But what SHOULD go in our cars is a matter not only of what's technically possible but what's meaningful to the driver and passengers...and safe. Contextual factors (speed, distractions, etc.) in automotives demands a hard look at the direction design should take in this space, and it's up to OEMs to design around the experience, not the technology.
Sony VIAO - Dilemma of Richard Lopez.
Richard Lopez: Product manager of Sony Corp, Hong Kong has a problem.
He Has to create a Marketing Plan for VAIO laptop in China
But that is not the main problem. The problem is too much data.
Initially Lopez was working with three MR reports. Then he got another corporate study that segmented consumers at global level.
Now his problem is that which combination he should choose
Consumer buying behavior while purchasing lenovo laptop by DharmjitSinh Jadej...DharmjitSinhJadeja1
This document presents a research study on consumer buying behavior when purchasing Lenovo laptops. It begins with an introduction that discusses the history of laptops and current market share of laptop manufacturers. It then provides an overview of Lenovo, describing when it was founded and its current size. The research problem is identified as understanding factors that affect consumer expectations and buying decisions. Hypotheses are proposed related to after-sales services, consumer reviews, and brand value influencing behavior. A literature review discusses previous research finding that income, culture, status and other factors shape purchasing. In conclusion, the document outlines an study of consumer laptop buying behavior and expectations toward Lenovo.
This presentation contains the argument for the need of a framework (the Firma Model developed with Terence Fenn) to assist the human centered design process when dealing with problems of great complexity and situated in society. This is a theoretical piece and explains the model in some detail. This presentation was delivered at the Spring UXSF in Tokyo, Japan 2015 hosted by Sociomedia
The Firma Model is a meta-framework for design that provides models for research, strategy, and critique. It views problems as existing within a broader ecology that includes immediate, contextual, and paradigmatic areas of concern. These areas include users, organizations, markets, legacy issues, the environment, society, politics, economics, culture, and history. The model aims to provide an information architecture to understand these relationships and their influences, from narrow to broad, to properly frame problems, develop strategic solutions, and allow for critique by tracing impacts.
views
Presentation given by Tyron Louw at the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2014
www.ahfe2014.org
http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/t.louw
(Re)mixed Methods for Accessible Product DesignFITC
Presented at FITC Toronto 2018
Details at www.fitc.ca
Presented by Andréa Crofts, League
Overview
Ever wonder how to recruit users with accessibility needs? And once you recruit them, how do you address the elephant in the room: their disability? In this talk, Andréa shares strategies for going beyond your homogenous participant pool. The end result? Inclusive products for all users, regardless of accessibility needs.
Target Audience
Designers and UX researchers, product managers, developers, digital creators of any experience level
Six Things Audience Members Will Learn
Why it’s important to test with humans across a spectrum of ability
The art + science of recruiting participants with accessibility needs
Factors and considerations for testing with the visually impaired community
Tips for generative research
Tips for evaluative research
Easy wins to highlight your research efforts front and centre and invite product participation from all communities, including those with disabilities
Ensuring the end product is inclusive can be a challenge, but so can also be the process that was used to design it. How do we make sure that design is just and that people and communities are not inadvertently harmed, on the basis of aspects such as age, background, gender, and race, in the design process by the choices we make as designers? How do we do this especially for new innovative technologies, which we might not know much about? In this session, the speaker will review the common pitfalls of typical design research and development. Then, the speaker will walk through a framework for better design work that is more inclusive and minimizes potential social harm.
Second workshop in the IxDA Seattle Social Good Series, led by the founders of Dupla Studios. Learn how to extract meaningful insights from user research, and create design requirements for solutions that will impact lives for the better.
The document discusses user profiles and personas, which are tools used in user-centered design to represent and understand target users. It provides guidance on creating user profiles, including defining a range of user attributes and types of users. Personas are introduced as archetypes of user profiles that make users more relatable. The document outlines how to develop personas through storytelling to foster empathy, and provides examples of persona templates.
[Skolkovo Robotics 2015 Day 1] Зигель Х. Communicating Robotics | Siegel H. ...Skolkovo Robotics Center
Презентация Халли Зигель, редактора международного портала robohab.org, на мастер классе хакатона по промышленному дизайну роботов на конференции Skolkovo Robotics 2015
This document summarizes a problem solving workshop about improving transport in Britain that was held in London. It identifies key problems in 5 themes: modes of transport, human behavior, economics, infrastructure, and users' experience. Within each theme are 3-5 specific problems discussed, such as how to challenge car dominance, connect different transportation modes, and improve the user experience of sustainable transportation options. The workshop had 15 participants who identified 115 problems and generated 24 insights over the course of the discussion.
Summary of the output from the problem framing workshop for the GeoVation Challenge 'How can we improve transport in Britain?' held at the London Transport Museum on 19 January 2011.
This document outlines a workshop on market needs analysis, which is part of the process of discovering a potential one million dollar business idea. The workshop agenda covers identifying customer segments, perceptual mapping, marketing mix, competitor analysis, and macro trends analysis. The document provides an overview of how to conduct a market needs analysis to determine if a product meets a clear market demand. It discusses identifying product uniqueness, competition, customer requirements, barriers to entry, distribution channels, and pricing criteria. Examples are given on perceptual mapping and segmentation for car and smartphone ownership. Tools like the marketing mix, competitor analysis grid, PESTEL analysis, and force field analysis are presented as ways to evaluate market opportunities and trends.
Presented on March 7 at FITC Spotlight UX/UI
with Ilona Posner
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OBJECTIVE
Introduce simple yet powerful concepts that can be applied immediately to enhance design team communication, user research, and overcoming design obstacles to improve the user experience.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Designers, Developers, Product teams, Management
FIVE THINGS AUDIENCE MEMBERS WILL LEARN
To contextualize UI, UX, and the larger Experience
Limitations of the narrow points of view
Keyhole metaphor for viewing design problems in a new light
How to expand design teams’ perspectives
Case studies of successes and failures to use in design discussions
Similar to MT5004- Seat hogging misbehaviours on passenger trains in Singapore- root cause analyses and recomendations (20)
Business Case Study: Avatar Coronary Stents for IndonesiaStefan
I did this introductory course on managing and commercialising current innovations in BioTechnology in 2010.
*This project preceded development in depth technology strategies coronary stent innovations.
'Tuned Inside-Out': Mediating engagement experiences with music on-the-go"Stefan
PhD Confirmation Seminar: Jun Quan Choo (Stefan)
Date: Friday the 9th of March
Time: 10.00 am- 11.30 am
Venue: GP-V713
Lengthy commute stresses commuters with adverse impacts on their wellbeing. During these experiences, commuters engage with music via portable music technologies, like headphones plugged into iPods. Engaging with music affords listeners distraction from the stresses of commute, for pleasure and other reasons. Empirical evidence suggests classical music is effective in mitigating stresses, and people use music as a wellbeing resource. These studies were based on a listener’s mental representation of music. Instead, a listener’s engagement with music is more than a mental representation in real life; music moves people. There are no available significant studies of how people embody interactions with music via portable music devices in accordance to his needs. To address the gap, this research investigates
what shapes a commuter’s engagement with music as they commute via trains in a major Australian metropolitan city and the involvement of technologies in mediating the commuter’s
interactions with music in context. An experiment involving video-recorded observations will capture individual participating commuter’s movements and physiological reactions in engagement with music devices ranging from headphones to haptic devices and Virtual Reality headsets. Retrospective interviews probe the participant’s association of movements in his music experience. Thematic analyses of participants’ bodily use of senses and movements, how these relate to their music experiences and wellbeing will be distilled into design recommendations. It is expected that these recommendations can inform technology providers, music producers, musicians and railway operators possibilities to adapt or design portable music technologies appropriate for commuters’ use in context.
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Traditional operational and supply chain operations are often driven by speed, efficiency and cost reductions for large businesses to thrive on operations leverage. Products or services provided by suppliers and contract manufacturers are frequently normalized in prices and benchmarked against commodity prices. Sourcing/ purchasing functions often strive to engage and develop meaningful relationships with tried, tested and proven suppliers to meet the matching drivers of supply chain operations. Sourcing thrives on generating competitiveness amongst suppliers that enables the strategic negotiation of price- value reductions; the larger the pool of matching suppliers, the better the bargaining power of sourcing.
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Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
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India’s architectural landscape is a vibrant tapestry that weaves together the country's rich cultural heritage and its modern aspirations. From majestic historical structures to cutting-edge contemporary designs, the work of Indian architects is celebrated worldwide. Among the many firms shaping this dynamic field, Design Forum International stands out as a leader in innovative and sustainable architecture. This blog explores some of the best Indian architects, highlighting their contributions and showcasing the most famous architects in India.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
3. BACKGROUND
Public transportations, such as MRT, LRT and
public buses, are basic means for most people to
travel around in Singapore
The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) remains as the most
frequently used transportation of about 53 million
ridership in Jan 2011 in Singapore.
3
4. PRIORITY SEATS
Onboard MRTs, priority seating are identified for
priority passengers, who are in need of the seats,
for example:
Pregnant woman
Elderly
Injured person
Person with child
Priority seats can be used by anyone, but they
should be given up if they‟re needed more by
people with disabilities
4
5. FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Priority seats serve as
bag storage
Unaware that both seats
are priority seats
Priority seats
as makeshift
sofa-bed
5
7. FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Girl playing on her PSP
and ignoring the elderly
standing near her
Girl playing on her
phone and ignoring
the elderly standing
in front of her
7
9. QUOTE
“If I had one hour to save the world, I would spend
fifty-five minutes defining the problem and only five
minutes finding the solution.”
Albert Einstein
9
13. • Aware of priority
users, but choose
to ignore
• Pretends to be
asleep/ engaged in
own‟s activities.
• Space, comfort
and
inconspicuousness
needs are
important.
Kiasu Lucy
• Falls asleep as
fast as she
boarded the
train
• Ignorance (or
by choice)
unaware of
priority seat
users onboard
• Own need of a
quick nap is
more important
Apathetic Joe
Sleepy Jane
PROFILE OF ABUSERS
• „Right to claim
seat‟- Consider
Self as
unspoken
priority user.
• Goods carried
are more
important than
the next
passenger,
• Territorial
Space and
Comfort
13
19. CAUSES
After initial rounds of field survey, a more in-depth
study was carry out
Key aspects of the study were to identify the root
causes to why people abused priority seats
Evaluate Key Symptoms
Identify Root
Causes
19
20. WHAT DO THE PRIORITY SEATS
MEAN TO THE ABUSERS?
Relatively „unnoticed‟
and „unpoliced‟
Psychological Comfort
& Isolation
Selfishness.
Value of SelfOver Others.
Un-awareness.
VS Apathy
Territorial
Space.
Support and
Psychological
Space.
„Me first‟
20
24. CAUSE #1
Priority seats are too comfortable, convenient and
conducive
Located near to the entrance and exit
Glass panel provides good support for
passengers to lean on or sleep
24
25. CAUSE #2
Differentiation of priority seats lacks
impact and awareness
Not obvious to a seated passenger
Only in one language
Apathy
o Easy to ignore
25
26. CAUSE #3
Lack of graciousness in society
In recent survey, only 37% of Singaporeans
interviewed were happy with Singapore‟s
graciousness with regards to being considerate
to elderly, disabled and pregnant mothers on
public transport
Drop from 45% the previous year
26
http://www.kindness.sg/news-media/pr/singapore-kindness-movement-wants-more-organisations-step-forward-help-promote-graciou/ dated 24
April 2011
29. Hardware
BENCHMARKING – LONDON
Design of Priority Seats
are sufficiently distinct and
segregated from the main
seats
Rather obvious even if the
priority seats are occupied
due to segregation
29
30. Heartware
BENCHMARKING – LONDON
Aims to get fellow passengers to
give up priority seats to those
who need them
Issue pass card to older
persons, pregnant women,
those with a disability and with
less visible difficulties.
Priority users are more “visible”
and will be able to get special
treatment
30
31. Hardware
BENCHMARKING – USA
New signs with arrows pointing to the priority seats
serves as a reminder to commuters
Hard to see the
arrows
31
http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2581
32. Heartware
BENCHMARKING – USA
Ads are placed inside rail cars
and Metrorail stations in addition
to announcements
Brochure with tips are given out
to commuters
Enforcement serves as a strong
trigger of deterrence
32
34. Heartware
BENCHMARKING – JAPAN
“Silver Seats” introduced in the late 1970′s
to provide a special seating area for those who
were older or was physically challenged.
Privileges include pregnant women and those with
infants at the end of 1990‟s.
Design policy with users at heart by requesting
users to off mobile phone
34
http://www.youth.gov.hk/en/youth_blog/jan/110114_seat.htm
http://www.jackieallen.jp/2010/11/silver-seats-in-japan-%E5%84%AA%E5%85%88%E5%B8%AD-priority-seating
36. Hardware / Heartware
BENCHMARKING – HK
Every train compartment is furnished with two Priority
Seats but are not clearly demarcated and not distinct
enough
MTR has recently stepped up its
efforts to promote Priority Seats
on its trains, as identified by a
smiling face on the seat back
Smiling face “invites” rather than
“deter”
36
http://www.hongkongextras.com/trainservices.html
http://www.youth.gov.hk/en/youth_blog/jan/110114_seat.htm
37. Heartware
BENCHMARKING – SINGAPORE
Train operators has introduced many campaigns to
encourage graciousness, for example:
Eduplay on Courtesy and Safety
“Passport to a Great Ride”
Captain SMRT
Media Advertisements with popular icons like Phua
Chu Kang and Dim Sum Dollies
37
38. Heartware
BENCHMARKING – SINGAPORE
Campaigns
and Advertising
media
Ineffectiveness of campaigns
and advertisements
Ignorance - Subtle reminders of social
norms lack IMPACT!
Lack trigger for abusers to give
up seats
No enforcement and follow up actions by
train operators
38
39. Hardware
BENCHMARKING – SINGAPORE
Train operators have made differences to these
priority seats in order to differentiate them from
normal seats
Signs and Indications
Different Colour Seats
39
41. BENCHMARKING – SINGAPORE
Key Improvement made to upcoming Downtown
line – Increase standing space
Perched Seats
• Decrease the number
of available seats
• Priority seats become
a “commodity”
41
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_MOVIA_C951
http://zh.sgforums.com/forums/2080/topics/379625
42. LESSONS FROM BENCHMARKING
Features
Impact
Appeal to Cause
Segregation of Seats
Very Effective
Conspicuousness
Conduciveness
Use of cards
Neutral
Inconvenience- degree of effort
of abusers and priority users.
Drastic design/ color
variations
Moderately
Effective
Conduciveness
Foldable Seats
Effective
Conduciveness
Inconvenience to abusers
Removal of Glass Panel
Very Effective
Territorial Space (Comfort +
Psychological Space)
Conduciveness
Educational Signs
Completely
Ineffetive
Does not address affect of
abusers taking priority seats.
Signs/ Ads with
Disincentives/ Punitive
Actions
Moderately
Effective
Strong trigger to behave.
42
43. QUOTE
”Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again
and expecting different results"
Albert Einstein
43
45. Hardware
SOLUTION - BRAINSTORMING
Re-designing priority seats
Foldable Seats
Removal of glass panel near the door
Installation of handle bar for support
Installation of arm rest between seats
45
47. Hardware
SOLUTION - BRAINSTORMING
Differentiation of priority seats
Priority seats located in specially demarcated
priority area
Contrast in colour for the priority seats
Recorded voice informing the commuters that
the seat is a priority seat
47
54. Heartware
PROPOSED SOLUTION
Education
Posters and advertisements to create awareness and
educate public of Priority Area
PRIORITY AREA
优先范围
Priority Area is
meant for him
Please do not abuse the
priority seat.
Someone does
not belong here.
PLEASE DO NOT
ABUSE IT.
不要滥用
54
Please do not abuse the
priority seat.
55. Heartware
PROPOSED SOLUTION
Advertisements
To create impact and awareness
WARNING!
She does not deserve
this.
Please give up your seat.
My child and I need
a seat, please.
Priority seats are not
meant for this.
Please do this at home.
Please give up your seat.
55
57. FOGG’S MODEL OF BEHAVIOR
(REVISITED)
Figure 2: All three factors in the Fogg Behavior Model have subcomponents.
All 3 Factors have to Come together Simultaneously for
the Abusers to Give Up their seats
The three core motivators I explained previously seem to account
quite well for what motivates human behavior. Other models exist.
Many people in psychology, marketing, and related fields have
work together. As I see it, simplicity has six parts. These six parts
relate to each other like links in a chain: If any single link breaks,
then the chain fails. In this case, simplicity is lost.
57
62. POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CAMPAIGN
Professional and Social impact
SEAT ‘ABUSER’
Oh no! Isn‟t that
John??! He is such
a different person at
work. Never thought
he was like that.
Perhaps I should
re-consider his
promotion.
62
64. BENEFITS TO TRAIN OPERATORS
Encourages Corporate responsibility and gracious
behavior
Low cost solution
No impact to current operations
64
65. MOVING FORWARD
Test and iteration
Re-examine corporate and management culture
Intervention and enforcement by management
“People can board the train, it is whether they
choose to”
Saw Phaik Hwa
The Sunday Times – 27 June 2010
SMRT President and CEO
65
Southern Railways hopes that by issuing a pass card to older persons, pregnant women, those with a disability and with less visible difficulties, fellow passengers will more readily give up priority seats to those who need them.Priority seats can be used by anyone, but they should be given up if they’re needed more by people with disabilities, expectant mothers, elderly passengers or those carrying infants. Someone’s need for a seat may not be obvious, for example they may have a hidden disability or be in the early stages of pregnancy, it takes courage to ask someone to give up their seat so when asked, please allow someone to sit down.Southern Railways explains: "Not everyone is comfortable with asking fellow passengers to give up a priority seat and explaining why this is necessary".Southern is therefore trialling a priority seat card which is designed to avoid any embarrassment in this situation. "We’re doing this in response to the issue being raised at some of our meet the manager sessions, from feedback we’ve received at our Customer Services centre and comments made directly to our Accessibility Manager", explains the the Southern Railways Public Relations office.Priority seating labels have been improved to make it easier to spot the priority seating onboard the train. Priority seating is usually located close to the exit doors for ease of use.There are three signs provided near to the priority seats. One is placed on the back of the chair in front of the priority seat (where applicable), one is on the window nearest the priority seating to enable passengers to see the location of priority seats from the outside and inside of the carriage and the other is placed on the inside of the carriage showing their intended use in pictograms.All the stickers will have the blue triangle enclosing a P, which will also be on the Priority Seat cards so passengers can refer to this when presenting the card. The priority seats are also highlighted from the outside by a blue triangle with a ‘P’ in it, showing the location in the carriage of the seats.
Design Policy with the users interests at heartIn Japan, Priority Seats were introduced in as early as 1973, first on JR Central Line trains, subsequently followed by private railway and other national railway lines. By the 1990s, trains with Priority Seats furnished in all compartments were launched. Since many of those who need Priority Seats are also patients using medical equipment, to avoid signal interference, some railway companies even requested nearby passengers to switch off their mobile phones. cell phones may adversely affect an individual who has an artificial peacemaker
E.g. a boy acting out the part of a (disabled or injured) person in need of a seat. The adorable girl is playing the part of a person acknowledging the boy, but choosing to selfishly ignore him. I think she is thinking “…somebody else is going to get up for him, so why bother.”cell phones may adversely affect an individual who has an artificial peacemaker
Citizens in HK chose to ignore the signs due to lack of graciousness
effectiveness of campaigns and advertisements neither address cognitive nor affective factors of causes
Detect but fail to recognize to differentiate the priority seats
Decreasing the number of seats but depriving the priority users
Re-designing Priority seatsFoldable: if it is foldable, other users will need to make that little efforts to push down before sitting down. Based on observations (trains in France), people tends to look for seats that are not foldable and will only use the foldable seats if all seats are taken. With this foldable seats, it is also convenient for people who are wheelchair-bounded. Handle or resting bars: A separation of seats will … Glass panel: Based on observations, interview with commuters on the trains and benchmarking with the sky train at Changi Airport, the glass panel actually provide a good support for resting on the rest. In addition, the panel provides them a conducive environment. By removing the glass panel near to the entrance/ exit of the train for the priority seat, it will remove this ‘comfort’ factor that encourage them to find a more comfortable seats. On top of this, without the glass panel, there will be lesser people blocking the entrance and exit. This will allow the commuters sitting at the priority seat to get in and out of the train easier.
Pros: Makes it more prominent to other passengersCon: Less standing and sitting space
Differentiation of Priority SeatColour of the seat: More striking colour will be used to differentiate priority seats. People who really need is would not mind the colour and people who do not need the seat might feel a little ‘pressure’ sitting there. Priority area: the area will be marked out in bright colours with big signs. This might force other passengers’ focus on this area which might deter abusers from taking priority seats. Recorded voice: In addition, a recorded voice informing passengers that the seat is priority when the foldable seat is pushed down. This might further deter abusers from taking the seat.
Obvious difference from other seats
Obvious difference from other seats
Obvious difference from other seats
Obvious difference from other seats
Obvious difference from other seats
Obvious difference from other seats
Motivation:Differentiation of seatsReduction of pleasure of sitting there Reduce territory space