Economic development as a conscious mechanism in countries like Pakistan is a recent post colonial phenomenon. This was an exciting period in which international agencies and international aid were founded with the objective of achieving economic development and eradicating poverty everywhere. The international research network with fledgling domestic counterparts dedicated themselves to developing policy instruments for delivering this noble objective of plenty everywhere.This paper presents an analysis of the state of entrepreneurship/rent seeking prevailing in Pakistan. This analysis allows us to obtain and understanding of the kinds of reforms (including legislative changes) that are required to develop entrepreneurship.
In recent years, "entrepreneurship" has been extended from its origins in business to include socio economical platform .
India has emerged as very fertile place as far as entrepreneurial opportunities as concerned further explained by Vineeta Arora in March Session.
Economic development as a conscious mechanism in countries like Pakistan is a recent post colonial phenomenon. This was an exciting period in which international agencies and international aid were founded with the objective of achieving economic development and eradicating poverty everywhere. The international research network with fledgling domestic counterparts dedicated themselves to developing policy instruments for delivering this noble objective of plenty everywhere.This paper presents an analysis of the state of entrepreneurship/rent seeking prevailing in Pakistan. This analysis allows us to obtain and understanding of the kinds of reforms (including legislative changes) that are required to develop entrepreneurship.
In recent years, "entrepreneurship" has been extended from its origins in business to include socio economical platform .
India has emerged as very fertile place as far as entrepreneurial opportunities as concerned further explained by Vineeta Arora in March Session.
Rural Entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh-Problems and prospects and s...Tonmoy zahid Rishad
Rural Entrepreneurship development means to develop the overall sectors such as business ,agriculture, Farm in rural areas.
Entrepreneurship is the capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses
Role of Women Entrepreneurship in Economic Developmentuma reur
Entrepreneurs initiate and sustain the process of economic development in the following ways:
1. Capital Formation:
2. Improvement in Per Capita Income:
3. Generation of Employment:
4. Balanced Regional Development:
5. Improvement in Living Standards:
6. Economic Independence:
7. Backward and Forward Linkages:
8. Innovation:
9. Other contributions:
Role of Entrepreneur's in economic development and role of women entrepreneur's.Jaikumar Pandit
What is Entrepreneur??
• Entrepreneur is a person who takes initiative or one who come up with an idea that helps to create new jobs, encourage society and disperse wealth because of new products or services that are introduced into the market. This gives great impact to each and every individual as some ways or the other, we all get correlated.
For example, with the introduction of Uber rides it gave great impacts on an auto rickshaw and local buses whereas millions of people got job car driver to make that Uber ride possible.
Understanding barriers to youth entrepreneurship as a career choice for youthMasum Hussain
People say this is the age of business as it is backed by sophisticated technologies, blessed by loads of relevant information. & in this business age the young people are leading from the front as entrepreneurs. Wherever you go from Silicon Valley to Middle East young talents are making significant marks in creating new businesses even sometime more efficiently than the older experienced people. Think of Mark Zukerbourgh, or Michael Yung, they are shaking the world with their innovational business ventures, & people like them are at speed in growing. Different studies provide proof that the young people are the greatest contributors in the arena of business.
Sylhet is a division & a major city of North Eastern area of Bangladesh. This city is rapidly growing than the other cities of this country because of her peoples increasing purchasing power as the area is booming with business projects, a lots of liquid money is in the hands of the peoples as a result of remittance provided by the people living abroad. As we know many people of this area lives in different wealthy country of the world mainly in the United Kingdom (as we know in London there is a town named ‘ Bangla Town’ mainly inhabited by the Sylheties) & middle east many families have enough money in hand almost all the time. Problem with the Sylheti’s is that though they have money they are not interested in investing them in the country for business purpose as most of them are risk averse , & do not know the ABC of business.
this gives a edp in india
all the details regarding the growth of entrerpreneurship devolopment is available in this project.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
GROWTH WITHOUT DEVELOPMENT MAY MEAN A LITTLE.
ECONOMIC GROWTH IS ONLY A MEANS WHILE HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT IS THE END. THE GROWTH MUST LEAD TO EQUITY
JOB OPPORTUNITIES, ACCESS TO PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, SOCIAL
SPENDING, GENDER EQUALITY, ENRICHMENT OF HUMAN
RESOURCES, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND ACTIVE CIVIL SOCIETY.
The Roles of Government And Banks in Entrepreneurship Financing in Nigeriascmsnoida5
The industrialization policy of most developed
and developing nations in the past laid emphasis
on economy of scale which is a concept that
emphasizescost effectiveness through large scale
production. This idea which holds the view that
large scale corporations were the pillar stone of
the modern economy prevailed for greater part
of the 20th century. In recent times, however,
this idea has changed and the importance of
small and medium scale enterprises- SMEs as
the bedrock of industrial development is gaining
prominence. Entrepreneurship development is a
concept concerned with the formation, financing,
growth and expansion of business enterprises
most especially small and medium scale in
an economy with the objective of achieving
economic growth and development.In Nigeria,
since independence, and since when the idea of
entrepreneurship development was introduced in
the 1970s and 1980s, various programmes and
policies were created by successive governments over the years for the development and financing
of enterprises to improve the economy. Also,
financial institutions, most especially the banks
have important roles to play in the development
and financing of entrepreneurship in the country.
Financing is one of the necessary prerequisites for
SMEs development; lack of finance represents a
major obstacle to their growth and development.
This write up will be an attempt to look into
the roles of both government and banks in
entrepreneurship development and financing in
achieving economic growth and development
in Nigeria. Relevant literature was reviewed
in the formulation of this write up. The main
source of informationused is secondary method
of data collection.The paper revealed that most
of the various programmes, policies and schemes
created by the government for the development
and financing of entrepreneurship were either
now moribund or have failed to meet up with
the purpose for which they were established. The
paper concludes that entrepreneurship is the need
of the day, therefore, authorities and the banks
should actively involve themselves in this task.
As per PTU Syllabus: Entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Small scale industry, product range, capital investment, ownership patterns -Importance and role played by SSI in the development of the Indian economy - Problems faced by SSI’s and the steps taken to solve the problems - Policies governing SSI’s.
Study of the interface between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial environment is essential for successful operation of business firms. This presentation talks about the different environmental factors affecting the growth and survival of an enterprise.
Introduction to entrepreneurship.
A mandatory course for second year student at the department of business administration and entrepreneurship development, institute of public administration and management, University of Sierra Leone. This is an excerpt of the full course...
The 5 Crucial Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development.pdfSmartSkill97
Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in shaping the economic landscape of nations. It is the heartbeat of the market, pumping innovation, employment, and growth into society's veins. Through the daring vision of entrepreneurs, new horizons of possibility are explored, creating a ripple effect that benefits not only individual lives but the economy as a whole.
As a student, you'll also understand why entrepreneurship matters for the economy, how it develops, the environment it thrives in, and why it's important.
This transformative power of entrepreneurship ignites a chain of prosperity that uplifts entire communities, making it a cornerstone of economic development. In the following discussion, we will delve into five critical ways entrepreneurship proves to be an indispensable asset to the economy, highlighting its significant contributions and the lasting impact it leaves on the world's financial health.
Rural Entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh-Problems and prospects and s...Tonmoy zahid Rishad
Rural Entrepreneurship development means to develop the overall sectors such as business ,agriculture, Farm in rural areas.
Entrepreneurship is the capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses
Role of Women Entrepreneurship in Economic Developmentuma reur
Entrepreneurs initiate and sustain the process of economic development in the following ways:
1. Capital Formation:
2. Improvement in Per Capita Income:
3. Generation of Employment:
4. Balanced Regional Development:
5. Improvement in Living Standards:
6. Economic Independence:
7. Backward and Forward Linkages:
8. Innovation:
9. Other contributions:
Role of Entrepreneur's in economic development and role of women entrepreneur's.Jaikumar Pandit
What is Entrepreneur??
• Entrepreneur is a person who takes initiative or one who come up with an idea that helps to create new jobs, encourage society and disperse wealth because of new products or services that are introduced into the market. This gives great impact to each and every individual as some ways or the other, we all get correlated.
For example, with the introduction of Uber rides it gave great impacts on an auto rickshaw and local buses whereas millions of people got job car driver to make that Uber ride possible.
Understanding barriers to youth entrepreneurship as a career choice for youthMasum Hussain
People say this is the age of business as it is backed by sophisticated technologies, blessed by loads of relevant information. & in this business age the young people are leading from the front as entrepreneurs. Wherever you go from Silicon Valley to Middle East young talents are making significant marks in creating new businesses even sometime more efficiently than the older experienced people. Think of Mark Zukerbourgh, or Michael Yung, they are shaking the world with their innovational business ventures, & people like them are at speed in growing. Different studies provide proof that the young people are the greatest contributors in the arena of business.
Sylhet is a division & a major city of North Eastern area of Bangladesh. This city is rapidly growing than the other cities of this country because of her peoples increasing purchasing power as the area is booming with business projects, a lots of liquid money is in the hands of the peoples as a result of remittance provided by the people living abroad. As we know many people of this area lives in different wealthy country of the world mainly in the United Kingdom (as we know in London there is a town named ‘ Bangla Town’ mainly inhabited by the Sylheties) & middle east many families have enough money in hand almost all the time. Problem with the Sylheti’s is that though they have money they are not interested in investing them in the country for business purpose as most of them are risk averse , & do not know the ABC of business.
this gives a edp in india
all the details regarding the growth of entrerpreneurship devolopment is available in this project.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
GROWTH WITHOUT DEVELOPMENT MAY MEAN A LITTLE.
ECONOMIC GROWTH IS ONLY A MEANS WHILE HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT IS THE END. THE GROWTH MUST LEAD TO EQUITY
JOB OPPORTUNITIES, ACCESS TO PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, SOCIAL
SPENDING, GENDER EQUALITY, ENRICHMENT OF HUMAN
RESOURCES, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND ACTIVE CIVIL SOCIETY.
The Roles of Government And Banks in Entrepreneurship Financing in Nigeriascmsnoida5
The industrialization policy of most developed
and developing nations in the past laid emphasis
on economy of scale which is a concept that
emphasizescost effectiveness through large scale
production. This idea which holds the view that
large scale corporations were the pillar stone of
the modern economy prevailed for greater part
of the 20th century. In recent times, however,
this idea has changed and the importance of
small and medium scale enterprises- SMEs as
the bedrock of industrial development is gaining
prominence. Entrepreneurship development is a
concept concerned with the formation, financing,
growth and expansion of business enterprises
most especially small and medium scale in
an economy with the objective of achieving
economic growth and development.In Nigeria,
since independence, and since when the idea of
entrepreneurship development was introduced in
the 1970s and 1980s, various programmes and
policies were created by successive governments over the years for the development and financing
of enterprises to improve the economy. Also,
financial institutions, most especially the banks
have important roles to play in the development
and financing of entrepreneurship in the country.
Financing is one of the necessary prerequisites for
SMEs development; lack of finance represents a
major obstacle to their growth and development.
This write up will be an attempt to look into
the roles of both government and banks in
entrepreneurship development and financing in
achieving economic growth and development
in Nigeria. Relevant literature was reviewed
in the formulation of this write up. The main
source of informationused is secondary method
of data collection.The paper revealed that most
of the various programmes, policies and schemes
created by the government for the development
and financing of entrepreneurship were either
now moribund or have failed to meet up with
the purpose for which they were established. The
paper concludes that entrepreneurship is the need
of the day, therefore, authorities and the banks
should actively involve themselves in this task.
As per PTU Syllabus: Entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Small scale industry, product range, capital investment, ownership patterns -Importance and role played by SSI in the development of the Indian economy - Problems faced by SSI’s and the steps taken to solve the problems - Policies governing SSI’s.
Study of the interface between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial environment is essential for successful operation of business firms. This presentation talks about the different environmental factors affecting the growth and survival of an enterprise.
Introduction to entrepreneurship.
A mandatory course for second year student at the department of business administration and entrepreneurship development, institute of public administration and management, University of Sierra Leone. This is an excerpt of the full course...
The 5 Crucial Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development.pdfSmartSkill97
Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in shaping the economic landscape of nations. It is the heartbeat of the market, pumping innovation, employment, and growth into society's veins. Through the daring vision of entrepreneurs, new horizons of possibility are explored, creating a ripple effect that benefits not only individual lives but the economy as a whole.
As a student, you'll also understand why entrepreneurship matters for the economy, how it develops, the environment it thrives in, and why it's important.
This transformative power of entrepreneurship ignites a chain of prosperity that uplifts entire communities, making it a cornerstone of economic development. In the following discussion, we will delve into five critical ways entrepreneurship proves to be an indispensable asset to the economy, highlighting its significant contributions and the lasting impact it leaves on the world's financial health.
Since the mid-1980s, sustainable development has been generally used but got predominance
when it became progressively fashionable to use it as a way of reacting to global environmental concerns,
biophysical issues, fairness, equity and distribution. The issue of sustainable development has been a growing
concern to both the government
The Role of IT in Supporting Vietnam Youth Entrepreneurshipijtsrd
This paper aimed to analyse the role of IT in supporting entrepreneurs in Vietnam. Our findings show that youth entrepreneurship in Vietnam face a number of hurdles in accessing IT services. Although a number of them have shown an interest in integrating IT into their business operations, however, most of them do not have enough resources to fully exploit IT opportunities. Other problems mentioned to confront youth entrepreneurship in their endeavour to access and use IT in their businesses is the lack of knowledge and skills on how to use computer, language and lack of time. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "The Role of IT in Supporting Vietnam Youth Entrepreneurship" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31503.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/commerce/31503/the-role-of-it-in-supporting-vietnam-youth-entrepreneurship/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
SEI Conference Proceedings №4, Vol.4, 2021.pdfPublisherNasir
Science, Education and Innovations in the context of modern problems - SEI
IMCRA - International Meetings and Conferences Research Association
ISSN 2790-0169 / E-ISSN 2790-0177
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. MSME
Factors affecting the growth
of Entrepreneurship
Mr. Sathish V
Assistant Professor
PES Institute of Advanced Management Studies
NH- 206 Sagar Road, Shivamogga
2. Entrepreneurship is influenced by four distinct factors:
economic development, culture, technological
development and education. In areas where these
factors are present, you can expect to see strong
and consistent entrepreneurial growth.
6. CAPITAL
Capital is one of the most important factors of production for the
establishment of an enterprise. Increase in capital investment in
viable (capable of working successfully) projects results in
increase in profits which help in accelerating the process of
capital formation. Entrepreneurship activity too gets a boost
with the easy availability of funds for investment.
7. Availability of capital facilitates for the entrepreneur to bring
together the land of one, machine of another and raw
material of yet another to combine them to produce
goods. Capital is therefore, regarded as lubricant to the
process of production.
8. LABOR
Easy availability of right type of workers also effect
entrepreneurship. The quality rather than quantity
of labor influences the emergence and growth of
entrepreneurship. The problem of labor immobility
can be solved by providing infrastructural facilities
including efficient transportation.
9. The quality rather quantity of labor is another factor
which influences the emergence of
entrepreneurship. Most less developed countries
are labor rich nations owing to a dense and even
increasing population. But entrepreneurship is
encouraged if there is a mobile and flexible labor
force.
10. RAW MATERIALS
The necessity of raw materials hardly needs any
emphasis for establishing any industrial activity
and its influence in the emergence of
entrepreneurship. In the absence of raw
materials, neither any enterprise can be
established nor can an entrepreneur be
emerged.
It is one of the basic ingredients required for
production. Shortage of raw material can
adversely affect entrepreneurial environment.
Without adequate supply of raw materials no
industry can function properly and emergence of
entrepreneurship to is adversely affected.
11. MARKET
The role and importance of market and marketing is very
important for the growth of entrepreneurship. In modern
competitive world no entrepreneur can think of surviving
in the absence of latest knowledge about market and
various marketing techniques.
The fact remains that the potential of the market
constitutes the major determinant of probable rewards
from entrepreneurial function. Frankly speaking, if the
proof of pudding lies in eating, the proof of all production
lies in consumption, i.e., marketing.
12. INFRASTRUCTURE
Expansion of entrepreneurship presupposes properly
developed communication and transportation facilities. It not
only helps to enlarge the market, but expand the horizons of
business too. Take for instance, the establishment of post
and telegraph system and construction of roads and
highways in India. It helped considerable entrepreneurial
activities which took place in the 1850s.
13. Apart from the above factors, institutions like trade/
business associations, business schools, libraries,
etc. also make valuable contribution towards
promoting and sustaining entrepreneurship’ in the
economy
14. NON-ECONOMIC FACTORS
Education:
Education enables one to understand the
outside world and equips him with the basic
knowledge and skills to deal with day-to-day
problems. In any society, the system of education
has a significant role to play in inculcating
entrepreneurial values.
15. In India, the system of education prior to the 20th century
was based on religion. In this rigid system, critical and
questioning attitudes towards society were discouraged.
The caste system and the resultant occupational structure
were reinforced by such education. It promoted the idea that
business is not a respectable occupation. Later, when the
British came to our country, they introduced an education
system, just to produce clerks and accountants for the East
India Company, The base of such a system, as you can well
see, is very anti-entrepreneurial.
Our educational methods have not changed much even
today. The emphasis is till on preparing students for
standard jobs, rather than marking them capable enough to
stand on their feet.
16. ATTITUDE OF THE SOCIETY
A related aspect to these is the attitude of the society
towards entrepreneurship. Certain societies encourage
innovations and novelties, and thus approve
entrepreneurs’ actions and rewards like profits. Certain
others do not tolerate changes and in such
circumstances, entrepreneurship cannot take root and
grow. Similarly, some societies have an inherent dislike
for any money-making activity. It is said, that in Russia, in
the nineteenth century, the upper classes did not like
entrepreneurs. For them, cultivating the land meant a
good life.
17. CULTURAL VALUE
Motives impel men to action. Entrepreneurial growth requires
proper motives like profit-making, acquisition of prestige and
attainment of social status. Ambitious and talented men
would take risks and innovate if these motives are strong.
The strength of these motives depends upon the culture of
the society. If the culture is economically or monetarily
oriented, entrepreneurship would be applauded and
praised; wealth accumulation as a way of life would be
appreciated. In the less developed countries, people are not
economically motivated. Monetary incentives have relatively
less attraction. People have ample opportunities of attaining
social distinction by non-economic pursuits. Men with
organizational abilities are, therefore, not dragged into
business. They use their talents for non-economic end.