This document analyzes and evaluates Minnesota drainage law. It outlines the project purpose of legally analyzing drainage laws to balance costs, benefits, and environmental impacts while protecting property rights. It then describes the legal analysis and critical issues, such as conservation drainage and updating how benefits and damages are determined. Several demonstration scenarios are presented, including a scenario combining conservation and drainage improvements in a rural agricultural area. The document concludes with recommendations related to providing drainage authorities more tools and resources for watershed planning and projects with integrated benefits.
The City of Alamo Heights conducted a Risk and Resilience Assessment (RRA) of its water utility as required by the America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018. The assessment was performed by engineering firm Freese & Nichols and found the City to be well positioned to handle threats to its water system due to redundant supply methods, security measures, and excess capacity. The RRA and accompanying Emergency Response Plan have been submitted to the EPA for certification and will need to be updated every five years to maintain compliance with federal regulations.
Este documento discute varios temas relacionados con negocios y estrategias de marketing. Presenta una empresa dedicada al diseño y fabricación de productos basados en la economía azul, los beneficios del internet para las empresas como visualización de nuevas tecnologías y reducción de costos, y dos ejemplos exitosos de cadenas minoristas (Zara y Crepes & Waffles) que han crecido a nivel internacional gracias a su enfoque en tendencias de moda y franquicias.
El Jungle Tour de Cancún ofrece un paseo en bote rápido de 2.15 horas para dos personas a través de la laguna y arrecifes, incluyendo equipo de snorkel y guía, con un precio de $66.60 por adulto e $33.30 por niño.
This short document contains a link and encourages the reader to click on it to access or obtain something. No other context is provided about what would be received by clicking the link or any other details.
Este documento describe un juego de Tangram online que contiene 32 figuras diferentes. La pantalla se divide en tres secciones: una con botones de opciones a la izquierda, imágenes a formar en el centro, y las piezas de Tangram y espacio de trabajo a la derecha. Los usuarios pueden seleccionar piezas y girarlas arrastrando con el ratón para formar las imágenes.
O documento discute os processos de excreção no corpo humano. Ele explica que as células produzem resíduos durante o metabolismo que precisam ser eliminados, principalmente através do sistema urinário. O sistema urinário é composto pelos rins, ureteres, bexiga e uretra, e os rins contêm estruturas chamadas néfrons que filtram o sangue e produzem a urina para remover os resíduos do corpo.
This document analyzes and evaluates Minnesota drainage law. It outlines the project purpose of legally analyzing drainage laws to balance costs, benefits, and environmental impacts while protecting property rights. It then describes the legal analysis and critical issues, such as conservation drainage and updating how benefits and damages are determined. Several demonstration scenarios are presented, including a scenario combining conservation and drainage improvements in a rural agricultural area. The document concludes with recommendations related to providing drainage authorities more tools and resources for watershed planning and projects with integrated benefits.
The City of Alamo Heights conducted a Risk and Resilience Assessment (RRA) of its water utility as required by the America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018. The assessment was performed by engineering firm Freese & Nichols and found the City to be well positioned to handle threats to its water system due to redundant supply methods, security measures, and excess capacity. The RRA and accompanying Emergency Response Plan have been submitted to the EPA for certification and will need to be updated every five years to maintain compliance with federal regulations.
Este documento discute varios temas relacionados con negocios y estrategias de marketing. Presenta una empresa dedicada al diseño y fabricación de productos basados en la economía azul, los beneficios del internet para las empresas como visualización de nuevas tecnologías y reducción de costos, y dos ejemplos exitosos de cadenas minoristas (Zara y Crepes & Waffles) que han crecido a nivel internacional gracias a su enfoque en tendencias de moda y franquicias.
El Jungle Tour de Cancún ofrece un paseo en bote rápido de 2.15 horas para dos personas a través de la laguna y arrecifes, incluyendo equipo de snorkel y guía, con un precio de $66.60 por adulto e $33.30 por niño.
This short document contains a link and encourages the reader to click on it to access or obtain something. No other context is provided about what would be received by clicking the link or any other details.
Este documento describe un juego de Tangram online que contiene 32 figuras diferentes. La pantalla se divide en tres secciones: una con botones de opciones a la izquierda, imágenes a formar en el centro, y las piezas de Tangram y espacio de trabajo a la derecha. Los usuarios pueden seleccionar piezas y girarlas arrastrando con el ratón para formar las imágenes.
O documento discute os processos de excreção no corpo humano. Ele explica que as células produzem resíduos durante o metabolismo que precisam ser eliminados, principalmente através do sistema urinário. O sistema urinário é composto pelos rins, ureteres, bexiga e uretra, e os rins contêm estruturas chamadas néfrons que filtram o sangue e produzem a urina para remover os resíduos do corpo.
"They'd very much picked up on the change in my behaviour":BASPCAN
The role of friends in the lives of children and young people experiencing abuse.
Debbie Allnock, Research Fellow
The International Centre Researching Child Sexual Exploitation. trafficking and Violence
The University of Bedfordshire
NSPCC
El documento discute la penalización del sistema de propiedad intelectual. Explica que aunque el Acuerdo ADPIC solo obliga a penalizar las marcas y derechos de autor, Ecuador ha decidido también penalizar las obtenciones vegetales debido a que es un país agrícola. Finalmente, cita un artículo de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual ecuatoriana que establece sanciones como prisión y multas para quienes violen los derechos sobre obtenciones vegetales registradas.
The ecology of judgement in child welfare and protectionBASPCAN
Duncan Helm presented on the ecology of judgement in child welfare and protection. He discussed Hammond's theory of task structures and how social workers move between intuition and analysis. Findings showed cognitive activity matched the task, with intuition predominating. Informal 'peer-aided' judgement and quasirationality were commonly practiced. Proximity and availability of peer support were important, through sharing information and making sense of cases together both publicly and privately. Changing environments risk losing the benefits of common ground and containment through peer contact.
Doteasy provides web hosting and domain name registration services. It allows clients to choose or transfer domain names. The domain name system assigns each server an IP address, which are numbers that are difficult for users to remember. To compensate, the DNS system allows servers to choose domain names expressed as words with a top-level domain like .com or .org and a unique second-level domain name.
El documento habla sobre la educación en Cartagena. Menciona objetivos como mejorar la calidad, cobertura y pertinencia de la educación en todos los niveles desde primaria hasta educación superior. También busca fortalecer la educación técnica y tecnológica a través de centros regionales de educación superior (CERES) que articulen la educación media con el SENA y universidades. El documento propone ampliar la oferta de CERES en diferentes áreas de la ciudad.
El documento describe una sesión educativa sobre el uso seguro de Internet que se llevará a cabo el 11 de febrero para conmemorar el Día Internacional de Internet Segura. La sesión incluirá actividades para promover el uso responsable de la tecnología y enseñar estrategias de seguridad a los estudiantes.
California to impose fines up to $500 a day for wasting watercasacramento17
The State Water Resources Control Board in California voted to impose fines up to $500 per day for wasting water as the state experiences its worst drought since the 1970s. The fines will target outdoor water use like watering lawns excessively. While some areas like San Francisco have reduced water use by 5%, overall consumption in the state rose by 1% in May. The board hopes the fines will encourage the 20% reduction in water use sought by Governor Brown to help ease the drought, which is projected to cost the state's economy $2.2 billion.
The document is a newsletter from the California Cotton Ginners and Growers Associations (CCGGA). It announces the retirement of Earl Williams after 20 years as President/CEO of CCGGA. It also provides updates on the State's water plan, the ongoing drought, cotton classing averages, and safety training being offered by AgSafe. CCGGA's Executive Vice President testified against proposed changes to California's truck rules, saying the changes did not go far enough.
Cities association letter to cpuc 011917Rishi Kumar
The Cities Association of Santa Clara County wrote to the California Public Utilities Commission to address two important issues - the ongoing drought and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They noted that local water retailers achieved a 31% cumulative water savings through conservation efforts. However, drought surcharges imposed by San Jose Water Company have unfairly penalized residents and reduced commitment to conservation. The Association also discussed the formation of the Silicon Valley Clean Energy Authority community choice energy program to help meet climate goals. They requested the CPUC assist in addressing challenges like rising Power Charge Indifference Adjustment fees imposed on community choice programs.
Senate Bill 432 in Wisconsin aims to streamline the private purchase of municipal water systems by removing required public referendums. However, private water utilities typically charge higher rates and provide poorer quality service compared to public utilities. The document argues Wisconsin should reject SB 432 and instead consider policies that limit privatization and increase funding for public water infrastructure to ensure water remains affordable and accountable to communities.
The document summarizes water consumption trends and issues in the Southeast region of the United States, with a focus on South Carolina's implementation of a surface water permitting program. Key points include:
1) Water consumption grew 15% in the Southeast from 1990-2000, compared to 2% nationwide, and the population of the Piedmont Atlantic region is projected to grow 38% by 2025.
2) South Carolina's new surface water permitting program establishes minimum instream flows and regulates new surface water withdrawals over 3 million gallons per month.
3) South Carolina faces interstate issues around shared water resources with North Carolina and Georgia in river basins like the Catawba/Wateree and Savannah.
Des Moines Water Works, Iowa's largest water utility, filed a lawsuit against three rural counties seeking to limit nitrates from farm fields flowing into drinking water supplies. Nitrates from agricultural runoff pose health risks and force the utility to spend over $1 million annually removing them. While most farmers have implemented voluntary conservation practices, nitrate levels have risen dangerously close to federal limits. The utility argues for increased regulation to comply with clean water standards, but farmers and county officials prefer collaborating to improve water quality through voluntary conservation efforts rather than regulation. There is disagreement over whether increased regulation of farm runoff is needed or if giving voluntary efforts more time could prove effective.
This document discusses various issues relating to water availability and quality in Texas, including drought conditions, aquifer depletion, and instances of groundwater pollution that have compromised drinking water supplies. It provides details on specific cases where drinking water sources have been found to contain toxic levels of substances like lead in Brenham and Flint, Michigan. It also summarizes the benefits of rainwater harvesting for supplemental water and discusses the components and design considerations for rainwater catchment systems.
LASaves is an online platform and text/email alert system designed to increase water conservation in Southern California through improved citizen awareness and engagement. It will provide consumers access to their water usage data compared to neighborhood averages and tips to reduce usage. The program aims to educate residents on the drought crisis and incentivize behavioral changes to save water and costs. A pilot with the San Gabriel Valley Water District will test using web/text tools to notify customers about exceeding usage thresholds. If successful, it could save millions of gallons of water and dollars while establishing a long-term conservation culture.
This document provides background information for a fictional grant competition hosted by the City of Austin, Texas to fund innovative solutions for reducing outdoor water usage. The city is facing increasing water demands and needs new approaches beyond traditional conservation methods. Rainwater Inc, an irrigation company, wants to enter the competition to help drive its product differentiation strategy. It hires you to develop a proposal meeting the competition's requirements and a plan for how Rainwater can execute the proposed solution.
"They'd very much picked up on the change in my behaviour":BASPCAN
The role of friends in the lives of children and young people experiencing abuse.
Debbie Allnock, Research Fellow
The International Centre Researching Child Sexual Exploitation. trafficking and Violence
The University of Bedfordshire
NSPCC
El documento discute la penalización del sistema de propiedad intelectual. Explica que aunque el Acuerdo ADPIC solo obliga a penalizar las marcas y derechos de autor, Ecuador ha decidido también penalizar las obtenciones vegetales debido a que es un país agrícola. Finalmente, cita un artículo de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual ecuatoriana que establece sanciones como prisión y multas para quienes violen los derechos sobre obtenciones vegetales registradas.
The ecology of judgement in child welfare and protectionBASPCAN
Duncan Helm presented on the ecology of judgement in child welfare and protection. He discussed Hammond's theory of task structures and how social workers move between intuition and analysis. Findings showed cognitive activity matched the task, with intuition predominating. Informal 'peer-aided' judgement and quasirationality were commonly practiced. Proximity and availability of peer support were important, through sharing information and making sense of cases together both publicly and privately. Changing environments risk losing the benefits of common ground and containment through peer contact.
Doteasy provides web hosting and domain name registration services. It allows clients to choose or transfer domain names. The domain name system assigns each server an IP address, which are numbers that are difficult for users to remember. To compensate, the DNS system allows servers to choose domain names expressed as words with a top-level domain like .com or .org and a unique second-level domain name.
El documento habla sobre la educación en Cartagena. Menciona objetivos como mejorar la calidad, cobertura y pertinencia de la educación en todos los niveles desde primaria hasta educación superior. También busca fortalecer la educación técnica y tecnológica a través de centros regionales de educación superior (CERES) que articulen la educación media con el SENA y universidades. El documento propone ampliar la oferta de CERES en diferentes áreas de la ciudad.
El documento describe una sesión educativa sobre el uso seguro de Internet que se llevará a cabo el 11 de febrero para conmemorar el Día Internacional de Internet Segura. La sesión incluirá actividades para promover el uso responsable de la tecnología y enseñar estrategias de seguridad a los estudiantes.
California to impose fines up to $500 a day for wasting watercasacramento17
The State Water Resources Control Board in California voted to impose fines up to $500 per day for wasting water as the state experiences its worst drought since the 1970s. The fines will target outdoor water use like watering lawns excessively. While some areas like San Francisco have reduced water use by 5%, overall consumption in the state rose by 1% in May. The board hopes the fines will encourage the 20% reduction in water use sought by Governor Brown to help ease the drought, which is projected to cost the state's economy $2.2 billion.
The document is a newsletter from the California Cotton Ginners and Growers Associations (CCGGA). It announces the retirement of Earl Williams after 20 years as President/CEO of CCGGA. It also provides updates on the State's water plan, the ongoing drought, cotton classing averages, and safety training being offered by AgSafe. CCGGA's Executive Vice President testified against proposed changes to California's truck rules, saying the changes did not go far enough.
Cities association letter to cpuc 011917Rishi Kumar
The Cities Association of Santa Clara County wrote to the California Public Utilities Commission to address two important issues - the ongoing drought and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They noted that local water retailers achieved a 31% cumulative water savings through conservation efforts. However, drought surcharges imposed by San Jose Water Company have unfairly penalized residents and reduced commitment to conservation. The Association also discussed the formation of the Silicon Valley Clean Energy Authority community choice energy program to help meet climate goals. They requested the CPUC assist in addressing challenges like rising Power Charge Indifference Adjustment fees imposed on community choice programs.
Senate Bill 432 in Wisconsin aims to streamline the private purchase of municipal water systems by removing required public referendums. However, private water utilities typically charge higher rates and provide poorer quality service compared to public utilities. The document argues Wisconsin should reject SB 432 and instead consider policies that limit privatization and increase funding for public water infrastructure to ensure water remains affordable and accountable to communities.
The document summarizes water consumption trends and issues in the Southeast region of the United States, with a focus on South Carolina's implementation of a surface water permitting program. Key points include:
1) Water consumption grew 15% in the Southeast from 1990-2000, compared to 2% nationwide, and the population of the Piedmont Atlantic region is projected to grow 38% by 2025.
2) South Carolina's new surface water permitting program establishes minimum instream flows and regulates new surface water withdrawals over 3 million gallons per month.
3) South Carolina faces interstate issues around shared water resources with North Carolina and Georgia in river basins like the Catawba/Wateree and Savannah.
Des Moines Water Works, Iowa's largest water utility, filed a lawsuit against three rural counties seeking to limit nitrates from farm fields flowing into drinking water supplies. Nitrates from agricultural runoff pose health risks and force the utility to spend over $1 million annually removing them. While most farmers have implemented voluntary conservation practices, nitrate levels have risen dangerously close to federal limits. The utility argues for increased regulation to comply with clean water standards, but farmers and county officials prefer collaborating to improve water quality through voluntary conservation efforts rather than regulation. There is disagreement over whether increased regulation of farm runoff is needed or if giving voluntary efforts more time could prove effective.
This document discusses various issues relating to water availability and quality in Texas, including drought conditions, aquifer depletion, and instances of groundwater pollution that have compromised drinking water supplies. It provides details on specific cases where drinking water sources have been found to contain toxic levels of substances like lead in Brenham and Flint, Michigan. It also summarizes the benefits of rainwater harvesting for supplemental water and discusses the components and design considerations for rainwater catchment systems.
LASaves is an online platform and text/email alert system designed to increase water conservation in Southern California through improved citizen awareness and engagement. It will provide consumers access to their water usage data compared to neighborhood averages and tips to reduce usage. The program aims to educate residents on the drought crisis and incentivize behavioral changes to save water and costs. A pilot with the San Gabriel Valley Water District will test using web/text tools to notify customers about exceeding usage thresholds. If successful, it could save millions of gallons of water and dollars while establishing a long-term conservation culture.
This document provides background information for a fictional grant competition hosted by the City of Austin, Texas to fund innovative solutions for reducing outdoor water usage. The city is facing increasing water demands and needs new approaches beyond traditional conservation methods. Rainwater Inc, an irrigation company, wants to enter the competition to help drive its product differentiation strategy. It hires you to develop a proposal meeting the competition's requirements and a plan for how Rainwater can execute the proposed solution.
Water resources in the USA face issues like water shortage, pollution, and aging infrastructure exacerbated by climate change. Over 1.7 million people lack basic plumbing access. Water management needs to improve health while balancing costs, with average water bills varying significantly between cities. Solutions include pollution control, water reuse, and federal funding through programs like the State Revolving Funds and water recycling projects.
Water resources in the USA face issues like water shortage, pollution, and aging infrastructure exacerbated by climate change. Over 1.7 million people lack basic plumbing access. Water management needs to improve health while balancing costs, with average water bills varying significantly between cities. Solutions include pollution control, water reuse, and federal funding through programs like the State Revolving Funds and water recycling projects.
Parsons Deister AWWA - Sustainable Water Management Conference PresentationAne Deister
This document summarizes California's response to drought conditions from 1977 to the present. It outlines lessons learned from previous droughts in the late 1970s and 1980s-1990s, and compares responses to more recent mandatory conservation measures imposed in 2014-2016 under Governor Brown's leadership. The recent drought has accelerated sustainable solutions like groundwater management and local water supply development through recycled water and desalination projects.
This document summarizes the timeline and changes to the Los Angeles County Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System permit. It discusses the need for a new permit to better address stormwater management and engage municipalities. Key aspects of the new permit include watershed management programs, regional collaboration, and a focus on using best management practices to demonstrate pollution reductions. While stakeholder concerns were raised, the new permit framework aims to create more sustainable stormwater infrastructure and water quality improvements.
This article discusses the Sierra Atlantic Albany chapter's top legislative priorities for 2009 of establishing a clean energy economy and clean water. It outlines bills focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting wetlands and isolated waters, restoring public access to environmental reviews, establishing e-waste recycling requirements, and increasing oversight and regulations around natural gas drilling. The chapter is urging state legislators and agencies to prioritize green job creation and direct federal stimulus funds towards clean energy and environmental restoration projects.
The document provides an analysis of water risk trends in the United States in 2021. It finds that (1) 36% of the US experienced severe or extreme drought, (2) water infrastructure received poor grades on the Infrastructure Report Card, and (3) 6 billion gallons of treated water are wasted every day from water main breaks. The analysis examines factors that influence water usage and risk at the property level like leaks, water rates, appliance flow rates, and regional rainfall variations. It shows how Banyan Water's software identifies leaks, saves customers millions in water costs, and helps adapt to risks from climate change and infrastructure issues.
Policy fíriefingSenate Bill Aims to Prevent ChemicalCont.docxLeilaniPoolsy
Policy fíriefing
Senate Bill Aims to Prevent Chemical
Contamination of Surface Water
IHE CHEMICAL spill that
' recently occurred in West
Virginia and interrupted
water deliveries to approx-
imately 300,000 of that
state's residents has led to the introduc-
tion of federal legislation aimed at pre-
venting the recurrence of such events.
Although improved protection of sur-
face water enjoys broad support, ques-
tions have arisen as to who should over-
see and fijnd the additional regulatory
efforts called for in the bill.
On January 9 it was discovered that
thousands of gallons of chemicals used in
coal processing had leaked from storage
facilities at a tank farm located along the
Elk River in Charleston, West Virginia.
The chemicals entered the waterway ap-
proximately 1.5 mi upstream of a pub-
lic water supply intake, forcing officials
to recommend that residents of a nine-
county area in and around Charleston
not use their drinking water. Lasting for
more than a week, this situation caused
considerable concern about health ef-
fects and spurred calls for regulatory
protections.
On January 27 Senator Joe Man-
chin (D-West Virginia) introduced the
Chemical Safety and Drinking Water
Protection Act of 2014 (S. 1961), leg-
islation that aims to protect surface wa-
ter from contamination from chemical
storage facilities. The bill would revise
the Safe Drinking Water Act to estab-
lish state programs for overseeing and
inspecting chemical storage facilities
that are deemed to pose a risk to pub-
lic water sources. Within one year of en-
actment of the legislation, states would
have to set requirements for chemical
storage facilities covered by the new
programs. These requirements would
address such topics as "acceptable stan-
dards of good design, construction, or
maintenance," along with leak detec-
tion, spill and overfill control, inventory
control, inspections of facility integrity.
and life-cycle maintenance, according to
the legislation.
Additional requirements would per-
tain to emergency response and commu-
nication plans, employee training and
safety plans, and the financial responsi-
bility of the owners of chemical storage
facilities. States would share with drink-
ing water providers the emergency re-
sponse plans for chemical storage facili-
ties located within the same watershed,
along with an inventory of each chemi-
cal stored at each facility.
Under S. 1961 states also would im-
pose minimum inspection requirements
for chemical storage facilities covered
by the new program. In particular, fa-
cilities regarded by states as potential
contamination sources under existing
drinking water protection plans would
have to be inspected every thtee years,
while all other facilities would have to
be inspected every five years. The legis-
lation does not stipulate the entity that
would conduct such inspections. What
is more, ownership of chemical storage
facilities covered by the state ptogtams
could not be transferred unless the faci.
Competitive bidding for pipes Demonstrates Significant Local Cost SavingsManishPatel169454
American cities, adopting the use of advanced technology and better approaches to clean water and sewer are common and often required by law. Cities providing public water delivery have not only grown in population size and in number, but also in their attitudes toward public health, and innovations involving system
designs, technologies and accepted practices. In the 19th century cast iron was added to the common use of clay, lead and wooden pipes by cities to convey water and wastewater. In the 20th century, continued innovation carried ductile iron, concrete
and cement, and plastic pipes into the market. In the 21st century, new generations of plastics, advanced composites, and other materials are being added to a long list of
viable piping materials. Technological advancements in pipe materials have helped to support a growing national population while continuing to improve on cost and performance and achieve public health protection goals to guard against waterborne
parasites and toxic contaminants.
municipal procurement competitive bidding for pipes demonstrates significant ...ManishPatel169454
In 2013 the Mayors Water Council (MWC) released “Municipal Procurement: Procurement Process Improvements Yield Cost-Effective Public Benefits”, a report examining procurement practices in the water infrastructure sector. The report made a business case for considering alternative pipe material so local governments could realize public benefits (e.g., cost, performance, safety). The report suggested the need to change outdated procurement policies, and that the biggest impediment to adopting these changes stemmed from the reluctance of local procurement officials to break from convention.This report presents information from new research that demonstrates the merits of adopting open procurement policies and new practices that apply competitive consideration of alternative pipe materials. These policies will help local officials maximize
resources and practice good governance.
Similar to Most Sacramento communities get even bigger water cuts under revised mandates (20)
municipal procurement competitive bidding for pipes demonstrates significant ...
Most Sacramento communities get even bigger water cuts under revised mandates
1. Most Sacramento communities get even bigger water cuts
under revised mandates
The revised conservation mandates unveiled by state water regulators Saturday would require most
Sacramento-area communities to make even bigger cuts in water use than originally proposed,
disappointing area leaders who argue the state should take into account the region's hot weather
and large lot sizes.
Thirteen of the 23 water agencies in the Sacramento region would be required to cut residential
water use by 36 percent compared with 2013 under a revised proposal issued by the State Water
Resources Control Board on Saturday. That is the most severe cut proposed in the framework,
reserved for agencies with the highest per capita usage in the state.
The water board's revised regulations divvy the state's water agencies among nine tiers, based on
their per capita water use in the summer of 2014. Under this new distribution, all but two
Sacramento-area communities will have to cut usage by at least 28 percent over 2013.
Earlier this month, citing unprecedented drought conditions, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered urban water
agencies across California to cut water use 25 percent on average by next February. The water
board, which regulates water rights in California, issued its framework in response to that order,
requiring deeper cuts in communities that have the highest per capita water use.
California's drought, now in its fourth year, has depleted reservoirs and groundwater supplies in
many parts of the state. Following an unusually dry winter, mountain snowpack in the state
measured just 5 percent of normal April 1, meaning the snowmelt California relies on to replenish its
reservoirs will be in short supply this summer.
Water board officials said proposed cuts would save 1.3 million acre-feet of water over the next nine
months, or about as much as currently sits in Lake Oroville.
"We are in a drought like we have not seen before," water board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus said
during a conference call with reporters Saturday. "All Californians have to step up and prepare as if
it won't rain or snow again next year."
The state action represents the first time in history that California cities have been ordered to meet
targets for reduced water use. Last year, the governor called on urban water agencies to voluntarily
cut use by 20 percent, but the state as a whole met that goal only once in the last eight months, and
most months fell far short.
The draft framework issued Saturday marks the water board's second proposal in its effort to carry
out the governor's order. Its first version, released April 7, prompted a war of words among urban
water agencies that in many ways broke down between north and south, coastal and inland, over
who should be required to make the biggest cuts.
Many Sacramento-area districts argued they should not be held to the same standards as coastal
communities that benefit from higher densities and moderate climates. Many south-state agencies
argued they should get credit for costly conservation efforts that in some cases stretch back more
than a decade.
2. In issuing the revised regulations, water board officials said the new nine-tiered system - mandating
cutbacks ranging from 4 percent to 36 percent - does a better job of taking into account previous
conservation efforts than the original draft, which used only four tiers. But they held fast in not
granting concessions based on lot size and temperature.
During the conference call, Marcus said hotter areas with larger lots are exactly where the state can
achieve the biggest conservation bang for the buck this summer, simply by getting residents and
businesses to reduce exterior watering. Officials made a point, however, of saying residents should
continue to water trees, which provide cooling and air-quality benefits.
"Sacramento has done an extraordinary job in the last year ... focused on outside irrigation," Marcus
said. "I would expect more of the same."
Some local water agency officials expressed dismay at the new targets, saying they felt the region
should have gotten more credit for what residents already have done. The Sacramento region as a
whole last year cut summertime water use by 18 percent compared with summer 2013, and in some
recent months has led the state in cutting consumption.
"Our region's water use reflects the community's unique characteristics, such as landscapes that are
larger than in many other areas of the state and our many hot summer days," said John Woodling,
executive director of the Regional Water Authority, an umbrella group for area water agencies. "As
such, we are being called upon to take on a disproportionately larger share of the targeted 25
percent reduction."
Woodling said Sacramento officials will continue to press the water board "for a more equitable
apportionment of responsibility statewide," but also will begin preparations for a stepped-up
conservation push.
He warned that "hitting such high marks will be challenging and is likely to have significant impacts
- both on customers and the revenues and fiscal stability of water suppliers."
Folsom is among the handful of cities in the region that saw its conservation target drop in the new
proposal, from a 35 percent cut in usage to 32 percent. Folsom Mayor Andy Morin said the new
numbers are good news but that city officials will continue to look at whether they are fair.
"We've already cut back quite a bit," Morin said. "It's a bit of good news, not so draconian. We know
we need to do our part."
Sacramento-area residents on the whole are still among the biggest users of water in urban areas in
the state, data show. Most area districts used more than 165 gallons per person per day in
September 2014, above the statewide average of 124 gallons. San Francisco used 46 gallons per
person per day, Los Angeles used 93 gallons and San Diego used 82 gallons.
Water agencies will have an opportunity during the next week to comment on the new plan. "We
may make more changes, probably will," Marcus said. The board is expected to make its final
decision in early May.
The governor's emergency order mandating the cutbacks ends Feb. 28. At that point, Marcus said,
the state will assess what needs to happen with conservation in the long term.
"The state will know far better than today whether we are going to have another dry or wet year,"
3. she said. "We are going to be considering permanent regulations."
The new conservation tiers range from a 4 percent cutback to 36 percent. No water agency in the
state is in the 4 percent tier, but state officials say some communities, notably along the North
Coast, could apply to be placed into that category if they can show they meet certain standards,
including having an adequate long-term supply of surface water.
Under the revised framework, San Francisco would face an 8 percent cut. Both Los Angeles and San
Diego would be asked to cut usage 16 percent.
The board will start monitoring agencies on a monthly basis in June to see if they are making
progress in meeting their targets. Marcus said the board intends to work closely with agencies that
are struggling, emphasizing community outreach, as well as possible rate changes and local policing
of outdoor watering. Water agencies that fail to comply with a conservation order could face fines of
up to $500 a day.
The State Water Resources Control Board proposed a series of regulations Saturday that mandate
water conservation. The plan:
? Requires urban water agencies statewide to reduce water usage by an average of 25 percent over
2013, with communities that use more water per person targeted for the heftiest cuts.
? Prohibits landscape irrigation that causes runoff onto sidewalks and streets.
? Prohibits landscape irrigation for 48 hours after rainfall.
? Prohibits the use of potable water to wash down sidewalks and driveways.
? Prohibits using a hose to wash cars and trucks unless the hose has a shut-off nozzle.
? Prohibits irrigation outside newly constructed homes and buildings that is not delivered by drip or
micro-spray systems.
? Prohibits irrigation of ornamental landscape on public medians.
? Prohibits restaurants from serving water unless customers ask.
Looking for tips on saving water?
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The state's revised proposal for mandatory water cutbacks divides urban water agencies into nine
tiers, with the biggest per capita users targeted for the largest cuts. Under both the old and new
proposals, Sacramento-area agencies face some of the largest cuts in the state. The figures show
how much average usage between June 2014 and February 2015 must come down compared with
2013.
Supplier Name
Original
6. West Sacramento
35%
36%
Fruitridge Vista
35%
36%
Fair Oaks
35%
36%
Golden State
35%
36%
Orange Vale
35%
36%
San Juan
35%
36%
Note: Elk Grove Water Service has submitted new figures to the state that may not be reflected in
these numbers.
Source: State Water Resources Control Board
http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article18854379.html