Mathematical morphology is a theory and technique for the analysis and processing of geometrical structures, such as images, based on set theory, lattice theory, topology, and random functions. It includes algorithms such as erosion, dilation, opening, closing, and hit-and-miss transforms which can be used for image segmentation, edge detection, noise removal, and feature extraction. Mathematical morphology was developed in the 1970s by Georges Matheron and Jean Serra at Ecole des Mines de Paris and is based on concepts from set theory and lattice theory.