The document discusses the reconstruction efforts of the 3rd M.O.M.A. (Mixed Group of Machinery for Reconstruction) on the Greek island of Lemnos between 1983-1984. The 3rd M.O.M.A. was tasked with constructing an airport and three road axes totaling approximately 45km to support the economic and social development of Lemnos. Notable challenges included extracting aggregate materials by open mining and explosives, managing groundwater during construction, and balancing the needs of development with local stakeholders. Through the dedicated efforts of its civilian and military personnel, the 3rd M.O.M.A. was able to complete the project on schedule in 10 months, leaving a lasting impact through the
This document provides a summary of Sherif Yehia Abd Elhakeem's work experience and qualifications. He has over 20 years of experience working on bridge construction projects in Egypt and Kuwait, holding positions such as Site Engineer, Senior Bridge Engineer, and Construction Manager. His areas of expertise include post-tensioning, bridge design and construction, and project management. He is currently working as the Construction Manager on a project building four elevated U-turn bridges in Kuwait.
Geological challenges & ecological effects of highway constructionAbhinav Anand
The document discusses the geological challenges and ecological effects of highway construction. It provides details on:
1) Engineering geology factors like lithology, structures, and weathering grade that influence the stability of rock slopes during highway construction in hilly terrain.
2) Case study of NH-52(A) highway in India which passes through hilly terrain and experiences slope failures.
3) Environmental impacts of highways like air and water pollution from vehicle emissions, as well as noise pollution and habitat fragmentation. Solutions to stabilize slopes and reduce impacts are also mentioned.
El documento trata sobre los trastornos alimentarios en la adolescencia. Explica que la conducta alimentaria involucra factores biológicos, psicológicos y socioculturales. Describe la anorexia nerviosa y la bulimia nerviosa, incluyendo sus síntomas, causas y tratamiento. También analiza las alteraciones neuroendocrinas, metabólicas y neurológicas asociadas a estos trastornos.
Imagen corporal y riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en població...Enrique Navarro
Este estudio analiza la imagen corporal y el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en 563 estudiantes universitarios españoles. Los resultados mostraron que una proporción elevada de estudiantes están en riesgo de padecer un trastorno alimentario y que las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones más altas en casi todas las variables relacionadas con la insatisfacción corporal y los factores de riesgo. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de prevención en esta población.
Este documento presenta información sobre un taller de Educación Permanente de Jóvenes y Adultos (EPJA) impartido en la Escuela Normal Superior N° 7. El taller tiene como objetivos analizar la EPJA desde una perspectiva pedagógica, conocer variaciones al modelo escolar tradicional e implementadas por instituciones para la inclusión educativa de adultos, y acercarse a propuestas educativas que respondan a problemas específicos. Las actividades incluyen análisis curricular, observaciones en espacios educativos y diseño de planes de alf
Este documento presenta los objetivos y acciones de la materia "Atención en la Primera Infancia". Los objetivos son conocer los circuitos educativos de la Primera Infancia, discutir representaciones sociales de la educación infantil, y fortalecer el análisis reflexivo de las prácticas docentes. Las acciones incluyen visitas a espacios educativos, diseño de talleres, propuestas lúdicas, sistematizaciones, y presentaciones. La materia también articula con otras como música, artes, literatura e investiga desafí
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre los trastornos alimenticios como la anorexia, la bulimia y los atracones en adolescentes de un instituto en Tegucigalpa. El estudio aplicó un cuestionario a 105 adolescentes sin diagnóstico de trastornos alimentarios y encontró una mayor prevalencia en adolescentes femeninas. Además, el documento provee antecedentes históricos y teóricos sobre los trastornos alimenticios, incluyendo definiciones, síntomas y tratamientos.
Este documento resume los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria como la anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria no especificados. Describe sus síntomas, factores de riesgo, complicaciones, diagnóstico y tratamiento multidisciplinario. Estos trastornos afectan principalmente a mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes y se han vuelto más comunes en las últimas décadas. El tratamiento exitoso requiere un enfoque de varias disciplinas y suele ser un proceso a largo pl
This document provides a summary of Sherif Yehia Abd Elhakeem's work experience and qualifications. He has over 20 years of experience working on bridge construction projects in Egypt and Kuwait, holding positions such as Site Engineer, Senior Bridge Engineer, and Construction Manager. His areas of expertise include post-tensioning, bridge design and construction, and project management. He is currently working as the Construction Manager on a project building four elevated U-turn bridges in Kuwait.
Geological challenges & ecological effects of highway constructionAbhinav Anand
The document discusses the geological challenges and ecological effects of highway construction. It provides details on:
1) Engineering geology factors like lithology, structures, and weathering grade that influence the stability of rock slopes during highway construction in hilly terrain.
2) Case study of NH-52(A) highway in India which passes through hilly terrain and experiences slope failures.
3) Environmental impacts of highways like air and water pollution from vehicle emissions, as well as noise pollution and habitat fragmentation. Solutions to stabilize slopes and reduce impacts are also mentioned.
El documento trata sobre los trastornos alimentarios en la adolescencia. Explica que la conducta alimentaria involucra factores biológicos, psicológicos y socioculturales. Describe la anorexia nerviosa y la bulimia nerviosa, incluyendo sus síntomas, causas y tratamiento. También analiza las alteraciones neuroendocrinas, metabólicas y neurológicas asociadas a estos trastornos.
Imagen corporal y riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en població...Enrique Navarro
Este estudio analiza la imagen corporal y el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en 563 estudiantes universitarios españoles. Los resultados mostraron que una proporción elevada de estudiantes están en riesgo de padecer un trastorno alimentario y que las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones más altas en casi todas las variables relacionadas con la insatisfacción corporal y los factores de riesgo. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de prevención en esta población.
Este documento presenta información sobre un taller de Educación Permanente de Jóvenes y Adultos (EPJA) impartido en la Escuela Normal Superior N° 7. El taller tiene como objetivos analizar la EPJA desde una perspectiva pedagógica, conocer variaciones al modelo escolar tradicional e implementadas por instituciones para la inclusión educativa de adultos, y acercarse a propuestas educativas que respondan a problemas específicos. Las actividades incluyen análisis curricular, observaciones en espacios educativos y diseño de planes de alf
Este documento presenta los objetivos y acciones de la materia "Atención en la Primera Infancia". Los objetivos son conocer los circuitos educativos de la Primera Infancia, discutir representaciones sociales de la educación infantil, y fortalecer el análisis reflexivo de las prácticas docentes. Las acciones incluyen visitas a espacios educativos, diseño de talleres, propuestas lúdicas, sistematizaciones, y presentaciones. La materia también articula con otras como música, artes, literatura e investiga desafí
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre los trastornos alimenticios como la anorexia, la bulimia y los atracones en adolescentes de un instituto en Tegucigalpa. El estudio aplicó un cuestionario a 105 adolescentes sin diagnóstico de trastornos alimentarios y encontró una mayor prevalencia en adolescentes femeninas. Además, el documento provee antecedentes históricos y teóricos sobre los trastornos alimenticios, incluyendo definiciones, síntomas y tratamientos.
Este documento resume los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria como la anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria no especificados. Describe sus síntomas, factores de riesgo, complicaciones, diagnóstico y tratamiento multidisciplinario. Estos trastornos afectan principalmente a mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes y se han vuelto más comunes en las últimas décadas. El tratamiento exitoso requiere un enfoque de varias disciplinas y suele ser un proceso a largo pl
This document describes infrastructure projects undertaken in the historic Upper City neighborhood of Thessaloniki, Greece in the late 1970s-early 1980s to address unemployment. The Municipality of Thessaloniki hired workers to reconstruct streets and roads while preserving the neighborhood's Byzantine architectural character. The engineer oversaw projects to widen streets, install sidewalks and utilities, and make archaeological discoveries. The work helped absorb state funds and provided jobs for unemployed residents during an economic downturn.
The Channel Tunnel connects France and the UK beneath the English Channel. It is 50.45 km long with 38 km underwater. Construction began in 1988 and was completed in 1994 at a cost of $21 billion. Safety systems include fire detection, ventilation, drainage, and an emergency service tunnel connected to the rail tunnels. The Eurasia Tunnel in Istanbul will be a 3.4 km underwater road tunnel connecting Europe and Asia expected to open in 2016 to reduce traffic between the continents.
CONTENT- Modes of transportations, their importance and limitations, the importance of highway transportation. Highway Development and Planning: Principles of Highway planning.
Road development in India, NHAI, NHDP, PMGSY, MSRDC. Classification of roads, road network patterns, Planning Surveys.
Terrain classification, design speed, vehicular characteristics, highway cross-section elements.
Sight distance: introduction to sight distance, reaction time, analysis of safe sight distance, analysis of overtaking sight distance, intersection sight distance.
The document traces the evolution of roads from early footpaths that were formed by repeated human and animal use to the development of modern paved roads. It discusses how the invention of the wheel led to a need for hard-surfaced roads to allow travel during wet conditions. The first paved roads were developed around 4000 BC in Mesopotamia. The Romans are noted as pioneering large-scale road construction, building thousands of kilometers of straight, well-engineered roads across their empire. Later engineers like Tresaguet, Metcalf, and Telford improved road design through innovations like using smaller stones, improving drainage, and developing stronger foundations. Macadam's road construction method gained prominence for its scientific approach.
1) Nile Research Institute conducted a study of local scour at the El-Minia Bridge piers in Egypt. Field investigations found that the river bed had changed around the bridge piers, with a maximum local scour depth of 4.6 meters occurring between 1982 and 2002.
2) A computer model (HEC-RAS) was used to simulate local scour for a flow of 180 cubic meters per second. The model results showed the contraction and pier scour depths expected for this flow condition. Maximum local scour depths were computed for each bridge pier.
3) Studying local scour is important for evaluating scour risks and impacts to bridge foundations, and for proposing mitigation measures to
Assessing the interaction between the excavation of a large cavern and existi...SYSTRA
The Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM)
is an underground research laboratory located
in the Western Alps on the French – Italian
border. It is located in the middle of the
13km long Fréjus highway tunnel that links
Modane (France) to Bardonecchia (Italy) in
correspondence of the highest overburden
of 1800m. The LSM current activity is
mainly based on the investigations about
the dark matter and requires very sensitive
instrumentation which shall be protected from
cosmic rays. To comply with the new legislation
about safety in tunnels, the highway tunnels
2 owners agreed in 2007 the construction of
a parallel safety tunnel, at an average distance
of 50m from the existing tunnel and the
laboratory owner CNRS (Centre National de
recherche scientifique) also decided to extend
the existing laboratory with the construction of
a new 17000m3 cavern allowing the installation
of wider and more powerful instruments that
could increase chances of success of research.
Written by SYSTRA tunnel experts : SEMERARO Martino, MISANO Edoardo, SCHIVRE Magali, BOCHON Alain
This document discusses the characterization and management of extreme weather events on Italian roads. It provides a history of extreme events in Italy over the past 130 years, including major landslides and floods. Specific examples of extreme events are described, such as heavy rains in 2010 in the Province of Lucca and Massa Carrara that triggered landslides and flooding. The document also discusses the impact of geological and hydrological events in Italy, noting that between 1279 and 2002 there were over 4,500 damaging events related to landslides, flooding, and other hazards according to an Italian catalogue of vulnerable areas.
Self-healing technology is a new field within material technology. It represents a revolution in materials engineering and is changing the way that materials behave.
Incorporating self-healing technology into the road design process has the potential to transform road construction and maintenance processes by increasing the lifespan of roads and eliminating the need for road maintenance.
By decreasing the unnecessary premature ageing of asphalt pavements, self-healing asphalt can reduce the amount of natural resources used to maintain road networks, decrease the traffic disruption caused by road maintenance processes, decrease CO2 emissions during the road maintenance process and increase road safety. In addition to environmental savings, self-healing materials have the potential to deliver significant cost savings for road network maintenance across the EU..
There are three main self-healing technologies available for asphalt pavement design:
Nanoparticles,
Induction heating and
Rejuvenation.
This study reviews all three options and outlines the future development of self-healing asphalt technology
The document provides an introduction to highway engineering, including definitions and classifications of transportation systems and highways. It discusses the history of road development from ancient footpaths to modern paved highways. It also provides an overview of the development of roads in Ethiopia, from early trails to the current network of over 100,000 km of roads, including the construction of expressways. The classifications of highways are described according to factors such as ownership, surface type, design, traffic volume, location, and the Ethiopian Roads Authority system.
This document summarizes tunnelling projects and experiences in Greece from the early 1990s to present. It discusses the Athens Metro and use of microtunnelling and jet grouting to construct underground stations. It also describes the Egnatia Motorway project and challenges with Tunnel S3. Specifically, it examined over 100km of railway tunnels and nearly 350km of motorway and railway tunnels constructed. Lessons included using a Geological Strength Index and Tunnel Stability Factor to assess tunnel conditions. Jet grouting was used to improve weak rock and prevent face collapses during the Athens Metro project.
The New Rail Link through the Alps (NRLA) project is creating a flat rail route through the Swiss Alps, including the Gotthard Base Tunnel which at 57km will be the world's longest railway tunnel. The CEO of AlpTransit Gotthard AG discusses key aspects of the complex project, including mixed passenger and freight train traffic traveling at speeds up to 250km/hr through the tunnel. One of the biggest challenges was excavating a shaft at Sedrun, while a flooding incident at Piora required sealing the leak and drilling diagonal bores to investigate the geology. The project is on track to be completed in 2019, bringing economic and environmental benefits by shifting freight traffic from road to rail.
This document provides an overview of tunnels, including their definition, history, construction methods, design considerations, and effects of earthquakes. Tunnels are underground passages constructed for various purposes like transportation. Key construction methods include cut-and-cover, drill-and-blast, bored tunneling using a Tunnel Boring Machine, and sequential excavation. Design requires considering factors like ground conditions, water management, tunnel usage, and seismic activity. During earthquakes, tunnels can experience ground shaking, ground failures, deformations, cracking, and other effects that must be addressed in seismic design. The Gotthard Base Tunnel case study exemplifies addressing geological challenges during tunnel construction.
This document provides information on various civil engineering projects and structures from around the world. It discusses the Hoover Dam and other dams, the interstate highway system, long span bridges like the Golden Gate Bridge, airports like Kansai International Airport, rail systems like the Eurotunnel, wastewater treatment facilities, skyscrapers like the Empire State Building, water supply projects like the California Water Project, and water transportation infrastructure like the Panama Canal. It also provides details on the construction of Taiwan's Taipei 101 skyscraper and the Netherlands' storm surge barrier system.
The document summarizes a training visit to the Visakhapatnam port trust in India. It describes the port's infrastructure including three harbors and berths capable of accommodating large vessels. It also discusses capital dredging projects to deepen harbors and channels to accommodate larger ships. Specific projects mentioned include deepening the inner harbor channel and turning circle to allow 14 meter draft vessels, and relocating tug jetties along the north and south sides of a canal to develop a new berth. The port plays an important role in India's economy by facilitating trade, exports, and industrial development.
NAME:
-Luigi Franco LAMANNA,
SOCIAL POSITION:
-Independent Consultant Tunneling , mining and Oil specialized in mechanized tunneling with Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields, -Expert and consultant in structural reinforcement (wood, masonry and concrete),
-Chief Executive Officer the FONDAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE DI CENTRO STUDI E RICERCHE - NGO,
ADDRESS:
- Via dei Serpenti 132, 00184 Rome, Italy,
-Phone: +39 06 4742581,
-e-mail: lamannaluigifranco1@gmail.com
Tunnels are excavated underground passages constructed for transportation or engineering purposes. Constructing tunnels is challenging and involves complex civil engineering. There are various excavation methods like manual labor, explosives, heating/cooling, or tunnel boring machines. Tunnels are categorized as mining, public works, or transportation tunnels and are designed differently based on their intended use. Engineering challenges include withstanding forces like tension, compression, shearing, and torsion through strong tunnel materials and designs that maintain structural equilibrium.
Tunnels are excavated underground passages constructed for transportation or engineering purposes. Constructing tunnels is challenging and involves complex civil engineering. There are various excavation methods like manual labor, explosives, heating/cooling, or tunnel boring machines. Tunnels are categorized as mining, public works, or transportation tunnels and are designed differently based on their intended use. Engineering challenges include withstanding forces like tension, compression, shearing, and torsion through strong tunnel materials and designs that maintain structural equilibrium.
The document provides details about the Mumbai Coastal Road Project which includes construction of India's first undersea tunnel. Some key points:
1) A 2.07 km long twin tunnel is being constructed as part of the project, with 1 km being under the sea, making it unique from other tunnels worldwide.
2) India's largest Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) named 'Mavala' has been deployed to excavate the tunnel and broke excavation records.
3) The tunnels will be 11 meters in diameter and constructed using concrete segmental lining for structural support and stability.
4) Numerical analysis of stress redistribution during various construction stages and the long-term condition will be conducted
The document provides information about the construction of megastructures like the Gotthard Base Tunnel and Woodrow Wilson Bridge. It summarizes that the Gotthard Base Tunnel is the longest rail tunnel in the world at 35 miles long, cost $7 billion to construct using tunnel boring machines, and took 12 years to complete. It also discusses details of the construction process for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge, a 12-lane bascule bridge that cost $2.5 billion and involved over 1000 workers from 30 contractors.
This document describes infrastructure projects undertaken in the historic Upper City neighborhood of Thessaloniki, Greece in the late 1970s-early 1980s to address unemployment. The Municipality of Thessaloniki hired workers to reconstruct streets and roads while preserving the neighborhood's Byzantine architectural character. The engineer oversaw projects to widen streets, install sidewalks and utilities, and make archaeological discoveries. The work helped absorb state funds and provided jobs for unemployed residents during an economic downturn.
The Channel Tunnel connects France and the UK beneath the English Channel. It is 50.45 km long with 38 km underwater. Construction began in 1988 and was completed in 1994 at a cost of $21 billion. Safety systems include fire detection, ventilation, drainage, and an emergency service tunnel connected to the rail tunnels. The Eurasia Tunnel in Istanbul will be a 3.4 km underwater road tunnel connecting Europe and Asia expected to open in 2016 to reduce traffic between the continents.
CONTENT- Modes of transportations, their importance and limitations, the importance of highway transportation. Highway Development and Planning: Principles of Highway planning.
Road development in India, NHAI, NHDP, PMGSY, MSRDC. Classification of roads, road network patterns, Planning Surveys.
Terrain classification, design speed, vehicular characteristics, highway cross-section elements.
Sight distance: introduction to sight distance, reaction time, analysis of safe sight distance, analysis of overtaking sight distance, intersection sight distance.
The document traces the evolution of roads from early footpaths that were formed by repeated human and animal use to the development of modern paved roads. It discusses how the invention of the wheel led to a need for hard-surfaced roads to allow travel during wet conditions. The first paved roads were developed around 4000 BC in Mesopotamia. The Romans are noted as pioneering large-scale road construction, building thousands of kilometers of straight, well-engineered roads across their empire. Later engineers like Tresaguet, Metcalf, and Telford improved road design through innovations like using smaller stones, improving drainage, and developing stronger foundations. Macadam's road construction method gained prominence for its scientific approach.
1) Nile Research Institute conducted a study of local scour at the El-Minia Bridge piers in Egypt. Field investigations found that the river bed had changed around the bridge piers, with a maximum local scour depth of 4.6 meters occurring between 1982 and 2002.
2) A computer model (HEC-RAS) was used to simulate local scour for a flow of 180 cubic meters per second. The model results showed the contraction and pier scour depths expected for this flow condition. Maximum local scour depths were computed for each bridge pier.
3) Studying local scour is important for evaluating scour risks and impacts to bridge foundations, and for proposing mitigation measures to
Assessing the interaction between the excavation of a large cavern and existi...SYSTRA
The Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM)
is an underground research laboratory located
in the Western Alps on the French – Italian
border. It is located in the middle of the
13km long Fréjus highway tunnel that links
Modane (France) to Bardonecchia (Italy) in
correspondence of the highest overburden
of 1800m. The LSM current activity is
mainly based on the investigations about
the dark matter and requires very sensitive
instrumentation which shall be protected from
cosmic rays. To comply with the new legislation
about safety in tunnels, the highway tunnels
2 owners agreed in 2007 the construction of
a parallel safety tunnel, at an average distance
of 50m from the existing tunnel and the
laboratory owner CNRS (Centre National de
recherche scientifique) also decided to extend
the existing laboratory with the construction of
a new 17000m3 cavern allowing the installation
of wider and more powerful instruments that
could increase chances of success of research.
Written by SYSTRA tunnel experts : SEMERARO Martino, MISANO Edoardo, SCHIVRE Magali, BOCHON Alain
This document discusses the characterization and management of extreme weather events on Italian roads. It provides a history of extreme events in Italy over the past 130 years, including major landslides and floods. Specific examples of extreme events are described, such as heavy rains in 2010 in the Province of Lucca and Massa Carrara that triggered landslides and flooding. The document also discusses the impact of geological and hydrological events in Italy, noting that between 1279 and 2002 there were over 4,500 damaging events related to landslides, flooding, and other hazards according to an Italian catalogue of vulnerable areas.
Self-healing technology is a new field within material technology. It represents a revolution in materials engineering and is changing the way that materials behave.
Incorporating self-healing technology into the road design process has the potential to transform road construction and maintenance processes by increasing the lifespan of roads and eliminating the need for road maintenance.
By decreasing the unnecessary premature ageing of asphalt pavements, self-healing asphalt can reduce the amount of natural resources used to maintain road networks, decrease the traffic disruption caused by road maintenance processes, decrease CO2 emissions during the road maintenance process and increase road safety. In addition to environmental savings, self-healing materials have the potential to deliver significant cost savings for road network maintenance across the EU..
There are three main self-healing technologies available for asphalt pavement design:
Nanoparticles,
Induction heating and
Rejuvenation.
This study reviews all three options and outlines the future development of self-healing asphalt technology
The document provides an introduction to highway engineering, including definitions and classifications of transportation systems and highways. It discusses the history of road development from ancient footpaths to modern paved highways. It also provides an overview of the development of roads in Ethiopia, from early trails to the current network of over 100,000 km of roads, including the construction of expressways. The classifications of highways are described according to factors such as ownership, surface type, design, traffic volume, location, and the Ethiopian Roads Authority system.
This document summarizes tunnelling projects and experiences in Greece from the early 1990s to present. It discusses the Athens Metro and use of microtunnelling and jet grouting to construct underground stations. It also describes the Egnatia Motorway project and challenges with Tunnel S3. Specifically, it examined over 100km of railway tunnels and nearly 350km of motorway and railway tunnels constructed. Lessons included using a Geological Strength Index and Tunnel Stability Factor to assess tunnel conditions. Jet grouting was used to improve weak rock and prevent face collapses during the Athens Metro project.
The New Rail Link through the Alps (NRLA) project is creating a flat rail route through the Swiss Alps, including the Gotthard Base Tunnel which at 57km will be the world's longest railway tunnel. The CEO of AlpTransit Gotthard AG discusses key aspects of the complex project, including mixed passenger and freight train traffic traveling at speeds up to 250km/hr through the tunnel. One of the biggest challenges was excavating a shaft at Sedrun, while a flooding incident at Piora required sealing the leak and drilling diagonal bores to investigate the geology. The project is on track to be completed in 2019, bringing economic and environmental benefits by shifting freight traffic from road to rail.
This document provides an overview of tunnels, including their definition, history, construction methods, design considerations, and effects of earthquakes. Tunnels are underground passages constructed for various purposes like transportation. Key construction methods include cut-and-cover, drill-and-blast, bored tunneling using a Tunnel Boring Machine, and sequential excavation. Design requires considering factors like ground conditions, water management, tunnel usage, and seismic activity. During earthquakes, tunnels can experience ground shaking, ground failures, deformations, cracking, and other effects that must be addressed in seismic design. The Gotthard Base Tunnel case study exemplifies addressing geological challenges during tunnel construction.
This document provides information on various civil engineering projects and structures from around the world. It discusses the Hoover Dam and other dams, the interstate highway system, long span bridges like the Golden Gate Bridge, airports like Kansai International Airport, rail systems like the Eurotunnel, wastewater treatment facilities, skyscrapers like the Empire State Building, water supply projects like the California Water Project, and water transportation infrastructure like the Panama Canal. It also provides details on the construction of Taiwan's Taipei 101 skyscraper and the Netherlands' storm surge barrier system.
The document summarizes a training visit to the Visakhapatnam port trust in India. It describes the port's infrastructure including three harbors and berths capable of accommodating large vessels. It also discusses capital dredging projects to deepen harbors and channels to accommodate larger ships. Specific projects mentioned include deepening the inner harbor channel and turning circle to allow 14 meter draft vessels, and relocating tug jetties along the north and south sides of a canal to develop a new berth. The port plays an important role in India's economy by facilitating trade, exports, and industrial development.
NAME:
-Luigi Franco LAMANNA,
SOCIAL POSITION:
-Independent Consultant Tunneling , mining and Oil specialized in mechanized tunneling with Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields, -Expert and consultant in structural reinforcement (wood, masonry and concrete),
-Chief Executive Officer the FONDAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE DI CENTRO STUDI E RICERCHE - NGO,
ADDRESS:
- Via dei Serpenti 132, 00184 Rome, Italy,
-Phone: +39 06 4742581,
-e-mail: lamannaluigifranco1@gmail.com
Tunnels are excavated underground passages constructed for transportation or engineering purposes. Constructing tunnels is challenging and involves complex civil engineering. There are various excavation methods like manual labor, explosives, heating/cooling, or tunnel boring machines. Tunnels are categorized as mining, public works, or transportation tunnels and are designed differently based on their intended use. Engineering challenges include withstanding forces like tension, compression, shearing, and torsion through strong tunnel materials and designs that maintain structural equilibrium.
Tunnels are excavated underground passages constructed for transportation or engineering purposes. Constructing tunnels is challenging and involves complex civil engineering. There are various excavation methods like manual labor, explosives, heating/cooling, or tunnel boring machines. Tunnels are categorized as mining, public works, or transportation tunnels and are designed differently based on their intended use. Engineering challenges include withstanding forces like tension, compression, shearing, and torsion through strong tunnel materials and designs that maintain structural equilibrium.
The document provides details about the Mumbai Coastal Road Project which includes construction of India's first undersea tunnel. Some key points:
1) A 2.07 km long twin tunnel is being constructed as part of the project, with 1 km being under the sea, making it unique from other tunnels worldwide.
2) India's largest Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) named 'Mavala' has been deployed to excavate the tunnel and broke excavation records.
3) The tunnels will be 11 meters in diameter and constructed using concrete segmental lining for structural support and stability.
4) Numerical analysis of stress redistribution during various construction stages and the long-term condition will be conducted
The document provides information about the construction of megastructures like the Gotthard Base Tunnel and Woodrow Wilson Bridge. It summarizes that the Gotthard Base Tunnel is the longest rail tunnel in the world at 35 miles long, cost $7 billion to construct using tunnel boring machines, and took 12 years to complete. It also discusses details of the construction process for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge, a 12-lane bascule bridge that cost $2.5 billion and involved over 1000 workers from 30 contractors.
1. 3rd
M.O.M.A.
THE LEMNOS PROJECT
This document is dedicated to the memory of those
soldiers and civilians who worked with M.O.M.A. for the
reconstruction of Greece after the World War II.
The closing of M.O.M.A., the demolishing of the
workshops, the sold-out of heavy machinery left intact the spirit that
M.O.M.A. left behind and the gap in contribution of Public to
individuals.
2. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
Thenetworkofroadsthat3rd
M.O.M.A.constructedinLemnosislandduring1983-1984.AGooglesnapshot
3. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
3rd
MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
I first joint the 3rd
M.O.M.A. (Mixed Group of Machinery for Reconstruction) soon after
the termination of a six months contract which I had with the Administration of Technical
Services of the Thessaloniki΄s Municipality (Greece). A sort but successful interview granted me
the right of been a member of the staff of the legendary M.O.M.A. which helped for the
reconstruction of ruined Greece after World War II.
From all the units which M.O.M.A. had all around Greece, the 3rd
M.O.M.A. was the
biggest, having more than ten construction sites, workshops, in the region on Western Greece and
on some Aegean islands close to the borders.
For those who don't know, M.O.M.A. was an organization with both civilian and army
personnel working jointly and using heavy machinery for the construction of public and army's
projects, at remote locations difficult to reach. In certain emergency situations such as
earthquakes, floods, wild fires, M.O.M.A. was a ready force to help, by opening emergency
routes, removing debris etc.
So, as an engineer, I was assigned the role of Head (Director) of the local group of the 3rd
M.O.M.A. on the remote island of Lemnos, an island big enough to have local Civilian Authority,
(Governor Mr Sfunduris), and Army Command.
The Head of local group of a M.O.M.A. was in charge of civilian and military personnel,
responsible for the maintenance of heavy machinery and equipment, for the payment of the staff
and local providers (spare parts, tires etc) and subcontractors, responsible for the movements of
machinery and the progress of works and finally as an engineer he was the Resident Engineer, the
Safety and Site Manager collaborating with local authorities, technical services, municipalities
and army's chiefs. Once every month the Head should conduct a detailed report addressing the
progress and problems of the construction to the Command of 3rd
MOMA at the central camp at
Thessaloniki. This role was certainly a challenge for a young engineer, since, concerning public
relationships a suitable person should have experience and manners.
The local M.O.M.A. group of Lemnos had a personnel of 35 machinery operators, masons
and master workers, miners, mechanics, office clerks and “ENPI”s (teenagers, army volunteers,
trained as machinery operators) under the command of Head.
The fleet of heavy machinery was : three (3) “KOMATSU” D6 crawler Bulldozers, two (2)
graders, one (1) “KOMATSU” Frond Shovel Excavator, two (2) “INTERNATIONAL” Wheel
Loaders, eight (8) “VOLVO” 8-10m3 trucks (15tns), two (2) “DYNAPAC” Single drum
Vibratory Rollers, one (1) movable Crane, one (1) “BEDFORD” Watertank, one (1) field
laboratory and two (2) 1tn small vehicles. Two subcontractors working independently had the
responsibility of constructing big structures (Mr. Avgeris) and transporting materials (Mr.
Gramatikopolos).
Apart of army's projects, the assignment of M.O.M.A. group in Lemnos island, was to
construct the airport of the island and three axes roads for the economic and social development of
the inhabitant population.
These road axes (approximately 15,0km each) were:
1) Road axis Kalithea-Koutalis-Kontias-Thanos-Mirina
2) Road axis Mirina-Kaspakas-Sardes-Dafni-Katalako-Atsiki
3) Road axis Romanou-Repanidi-Kontopouli-Panagia-Plaka.
The construction theater included two (2) open borrow-pits (one at Thanos village and one
at Kaspakas village). Actually these were “open front” mines, where aggregates were produced by
4. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
excavating hard igneous, magmatic, rock (red and green Andesite) with explosives, mainly
ANFO. This perhaps was the most critical issue since in the island of Lemnos there is not any
calcite layer or deposits of other suitable for road aggregates material, such as Neogene (geologic
period) deposits. It was extremely difficult and dangerous to transport huge amounts of merchant
explosives from motherland to the island on a common passenger ship-liner, thus a Navy's ship or
occasionally a special cargo ship should be used under army's permission and escort.
In general the construction works were:
· earthworks (general excavations for new road alignments and excavations for the
widening of existing roads, cuts and fills for the embankments)
· construction of small structures (culverts and bridges with span < 10,0m wide)
· construction of road drainage ditches (side, eyebrow and toe channels)
A part of the construction of aggregate sub-base course layer and of aggregate base course
layer and totally the asphalt pavement works were not included in this part of the project. For this
kind of works it was necessary to have other type of heavy machinery and additionally to import
suitable aggregate material transported from the motherland.
The road cuts were excavated also on hard igneous rock. Thus our miners were drilling
vertical and horizontal boreholes (up to 4m long) with a movable “ATLAS COPCO” pneumatic
driller. The explosives unit (3 miners) was expert on this job and the safety measures, coming
directly from army's orders, were strong and no accident ever happened. A special report to the
local Police Station, restraining traffic of vehicles and pedestrians, and additional traffic signs at
distant were measures for public safety.
A very important concern was the preservation of groundwater regime on every explosion.
Since Lemnos is a dry of water island, no surface water or springs is present and the only source
of fresh water supply is deep wells. The shock of an explosion could lower more the groundwater
table causing problems. This happened one time close to Thanos village but fortunately it lasted
only for six hours.
Fills passing on estuaries land, close to the sea was a problem, which was solved raising
the low embankments up to 2,0m high and constructing in slow working mode (duration of works
over six months) leaving thus time for consolidation. The rising of groundwater through the
embankments was stopped by using coarse (rather gross) aggregates in locations where clay-silt,
(a product of igneous rock weathering), was met. This was the main problem at the south of
Lemnos during construction of the 1st
axis at the region of Kontias-Thanos villages.
The construction of small structures was also an issue of river and structural engineering.
First it was necessary to inspect existing structures to ensure their condition and safety under
loads. The remaining small torrents and their V-shaped channels were bridged by reinforced
concrete plate covered structures. This type of structure has gravity abutments at both sides of the
bedrock channel founded on healthy ground. The abutments are also retaining walls supporting
both the earth fill behind and the carriageway (deck) of the bridge on top. This type of structure is
ideal for the mountain torrents since it leaves the channel wide open for the flow.
Expropriation of land was an issue of compromising with land stakeholders. Since a road
was about to be constructed on remote locations, unwillingness was easily replaced by desire for
communication and development.
These were problems to confront in both remote locations and populated areas during
winter and tourist season. M.O.M.A. had the right staff, hard working well trained, to finish the
project as scheduled in 10 months.
After 30 years, perhaps memories left behind of some incidents rare but pleasant. Now
5. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
tourists and inhabitants enjoy the 45,0 kilometers “basic road” network of minimum 7,0 m wide,
and safe, asphalt roads of the island Lemnos and in many cases, the locals advertise Lemnos to
tourists as an island with perfect roads.
A Google snapshot : The location of Kaspacas borrow-pit
A Google snapshot : The location of Thanos borrow-pit
6. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
PICTURES FROM THE WORKS 1.
Borrow-pit of Kaspakas : Production and loading of aggregate material for the fills .
7. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
PICTURES FROM THE WORKS 2.
Explosion management: Preparation of boreholes and after detonation inspection of site
8. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
PICTURES FROM THE WORKS 3.
Inspection of transportation Safety: Existing bridges inspection.
9. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
PICTURES FROM THE WORKS 4.
Construction of small structures: Foundation works and raising the abutments.
10. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
PICTURES FROM THE WORKS 5.
Inspection of road drainage works: Inspecting the performance of toe channels and road side
ditches during winter.
11. Ioannis Emmanouilidis : 3rd MOMA : THE LEMNOS PROJECT
PICTURES FROM THE WORKS 6.
Training of “ENPI”: The group of volunteering to army teenagers who work for M.O.M.A. and
their sergeant Tsapnidis.