molarity x volume = moles volume = molesmolarity.pdf
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molarity x volume = moles volume = moles/molarity Pb(NO3)2 is the dissolved chemical so every mole of this gives a mole of Pb2+ 0.0500 mol Pb2+ / (2.50 mol Pb2+/L) = 0.0200 L, or 20.0 mL Solution molarity x volume = moles volume = moles/molarity Pb(NO3)2 is the dissolved chemical so every mole of this gives a mole of Pb2+ 0.0500 mol Pb2+ / (2.50 mol Pb2+/L) = 0.0200 L, or 20.0 mL.
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#include SDLSDL.hSDL_Surface Background = NULL; SDL_Surface.pdf
#include
SDL_Surface* Background = NULL;
SDL_Surface* SpriteImage = NULL;
SDL_Surface* Backbuffer = NULL;
SDL_Rect SpritePos;
int xPos;
int yPos;
int width=100;
int height=90;
int xDir;
int yDir;
SDL_Surface* LoadImage(char* fileName);
bool LoadFiles();
void moveBitMap(int& xPosition, int& yPosition, int width, int height, int& xDirection, int&
yDirection);
void FreeFiles();
bool ProgramIsRunning();
int main(int argc, char* args[])
{
if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) < 0)
{
printf(\"Failed to initialize SDL!\ \");
return 0;
}
Backbuffer = SDL_SetVideoMode(800, 600, 32, SDL_SWSURFACE);
SDL_WM_SetCaption(\"Color Keying\", NULL);
if(!LoadFiles())
{
printf(\"Failed to load files!\ \");
FreeFiles();
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
SpritePos.x = 0;
SpritePos.y = 0;
while(ProgramIsRunning())
{
xPos = SpritePos.x; //get the current x position
yPos = SpritePos.y; //get the current y position
moveBitMap( xPos, yPos, width, height, xDir, yDir); //move the bitmap
SpritePos.x=xPos; //update x with new posivoid moveBitMap(int& xPosition, int& yPosition, int
width, int height, int& xDirection, int& yDirection)tion
SpritePos.y=yPos; //update y with new position
SDL_BlitSurface(Background, NULL, Backbuffer, NULL);
SDL_BlitSurface(SpriteImage, NULL, Backbuffer, &SpritePos);
SDL_Delay(20);
SDL_Flip(Backbuffer);
}
FreeFiles();
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
SDL_Surface* LoadImage(char* fileName)
{
SDL_Surface* imageLoaded = NULL;
SDL_Surface* processedImage = NULL;
imageLoaded = SDL_LoadBMP(fileName);
if(imageLoaded != NULL)
{
processedImage = SDL_DisplayFormat(imageLoaded);
SDL_FreeSurface(imageLoaded);
if(processedImage != NULL)
{
Uint32 colorKey = SDL_MapRGB(processedImage->format, 0, 0, 0);
SDL_SetColorKey(processedImage, SDL_SRCCOLORKEY, colorKey);
}
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return processedImage;
}
bool LoadFiles()
{
Background = LoadImage(\"graphics/background.bmp\");
if(Background == NULL)
return false;
SpriteImage = LoadImage(\"graphics/aieplane.bmp\");
if(SpriteImage == NULL)
return false;
return true;
}
void FreeFiles()
{
SDL_FreeSurface(Background);
SDL_FreeSurface(SpriteImage);
}
void moveBitMap(int& xPosition, int& yPosition, int width, int height, int& xDirection, int&
yDirection)
{
int x = xPosition;
int y = yPosition;
int dirX = xDirection;
int dirY = yDirection;
x = x + dirX;
//if the bitmap has reached the right side
if(x > 800-width)
{
x = width - 100;
dirX = (-1);
}
if(x= 0)
{
x = 5;
dirX = 1;
}
y = y + dirY;
if(y > 600-height)
{
y = height - 90;//void moveBitMap(int& xPosition, int& yPosition, int width, int height, int&
xDirection, int& yDirection)
dirY = (-1);
}
if(y = 0)
y = 5;
dirY = 1;
xPosition = x;
yPosition = y;
xDirection = dirX;
yDirection = dirY;
}
bool ProgramIsRunning()
{
SDL_Event event;
bool running = true;
while(SDL_PollEvent(&event))
{
if(event.type == SDL_QUIT)
running = false;
}
return running;
}
Solution
#include
SDL_Surface* Background = NULL;
SDL_Surface* SpriteImage = NULL;
SDL_Surface* Backbuffer = NULL;
SDL_Rect SpritePos;
int xPos;
int yPos;
int width=1.
C, D, and E are wrong and involve random constants. Thisnarrows it d.pdf
C, D, and E are wrong and involve random constants. Thisnarrows it down to A and B; it is A
because the negative sign meansthat energy is being given off when it (SO2) forms.
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :)
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :)
Solution
C, D, and E are wrong and involve random constants. Thisnarrows it down to A and B; it is A
because the negative sign meansthat energy is being given off when it (SO2) forms.
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :)
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :).
AnswerOogenesis is the process by which ovum mother cells or oogo.pdf
Answer:
Oogenesis is the process by which ovum mother cells or oogonia gives rise to mature ovum- the
female gametes. The process takes place in the outermost layer- the germinal epithelium of the
ovary.
Meiotic Events in oogenesis:
Initially before birth, the oogonium undergoes mitotic divisions so as to increase its number. This
process takes place during the embryonic growth phase. No further addition to this number takes
place after birth. In the human embryo, the thousand or so oogonia divide rapidly from the
second to the seventh month of gestation to form roughly 7 million germ cells. After the seventh
month though, there is a sharp decline in the number of these newly formed cells. These
remaining cells are the ones entering the reductional division of meiosis (meiosis-1). These cells
enters into meiosis-1 but they are unable to advance through Prophase-1 of meiosis. These cells
are arrested in the diplotene sub-stage of Prophase-1 and they are maintained at this stage until
puberty. These cells are now known as primary oocytes. Even the primary oocytes continue to
die during this phase. Roughly only about 400 oocytes mature during the reproductive life of a
female periodically. At the onset of puberty, specific hormonal cues re-initiate the process of
meiosis.
During adolescence, the GnRH or gonadotropin releasing hormones released from the
hypothalamus signals the anterior pituitary to release hormones like LH & FSH which lifts the
cell cycle arrest in these cells and assists them in resuming meiosis. The primary oocytes
completes meiosis-1 and gives rise to a tiny polar body and another larger secondary oocyte with
greater content of cytoplasm ( unequal cell division). In some organisms , the polar bodies may
again divide to form 2 polar bodies while it dies off in case of humans. The secondary oocyte
thus produced advances through Meiosis-2 ( equational division) but halts at meiosis-2. The
secondary oocyte is released from the follicle and it travels towards the fallopian tube. The
immature secondary oocyte can re-enter cell cycle and complete the remaining sub-stages of
meiosis-2 only if union with a sperm takes place. The secondary oocyte progresses through
meiosis-2 giving rise to another polar body and a female pro-nucleus which unites with the
sperm and gives rise to the zygote or the fertilized egg. Thus begins the process of embryonic
development.
Developmental process in oogenesis:
Oogonia are formed from the primoridial germ cells of the ovary by mitotic cell division. By
growth & maturation oogonia increase in size and become primary oocytes. During this phase,
synthesis of food and factors required for further differentiation are synthesized. During the
growth phase, the primary oocytes gets surrounded by specialized cells of the ovary known as
follicle cells. Once they are fully formed, cavities are formed and these gets filled with their own
secretion. At this stage, it is known as Graafian follicle. Oocyte collects .
AnswerB) S. typhimuium gains access to the host by crossing the.pdf
Answer:
B) S. typhimuium gains access to the host by crossing the intestinal epithelium inside M cells
The M cells are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer\'s patches and
in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunityresponses on the apical membrane of the M
cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut
lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place. M cells have
the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis,
phagocytosis, or transcytosis.
Solution
Answer:
B) S. typhimuium gains access to the host by crossing the intestinal epithelium inside M cells
The M cells are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer\'s patches and
in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunityresponses on the apical membrane of the M
cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut
lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place. M cells have
the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis,
phagocytosis, or transcytosis..
Answer question1,2,4,5Ion–dipole interactionsAffinity of oxygen .pdf
Answer question
1,2,4,5Ion–dipole interactionsAffinity of oxygen towards cationsDipole–dipole
interactionsHydrationAffinity of hydrogen towards anionsHydrogen bonding
Solution
Answer question
1,2,4,5Ion–dipole interactionsAffinity of oxygen towards cationsDipole–dipole
interactionsHydrationAffinity of hydrogen towards anionsHydrogen bonding.
A Letter to myself!Hi to myself!Now that I am an Engineer with a.pdf
A Letter to myself!
Hi to myself!
Now that I am an Engineer with a certified degree, as an Engineer I aspire to do some wonderful
things for myself and society. As I studied the Civil Engineering and about the wonders that it
has created for the well being of the society and the world, it amused me and inpired me to
become an Engineer. I want to design the bridges, tunnels, skyscrappers and dams which
wouldn\'t fail and please to the eyes. In history we have seen the engineering disasters such as
the Tacoma Washington bridge disaster, in which the wind loads were ignored while designing.
We learned from such disasters and improved our bridge by incorporating the wind and other
loads such as earthquake loads. There has been a revolution in the Civil Engineering field since
the advent of the cement and reinforced concrete. Initially we could only design low strength
concrete but now with the help of the admixtures and air-entraining agents we can design a mix
of strength greater than 70 MPa.
Empire State Building was constructed in 1932 and remained the tallest skyscraper till 1967,
until we learn to create the taller structures. Now we know that Burj Khalifa is the tallest
standing structure in the world with a height almost double of that of Empire state building.
Empire state building is now at 9th in the ranking of the tallest structure. Similarl trends can be
observed in the design of the bridges, tunnels and dams.
What we learn from all this history is that, there is never a full stop to the impovement of the
design of the structures. In present world, we still have many problems, such as the
environmental issues related with the use and production of the cement, which is responsible for
the production of a large proportion of the green house gases. There is a need to find the better
alternative of the cement. We still can\'t construct the earthquake proof buildings, and there
always will be a need for improvement in this field. More than one million people die each year
in the road crashes, many of which occur due to the poor design and construction, there is a need
of the better Intelligent Traffic Systems(ITS.)
I see that there is a lot to be improved in the current engineering field, so I will find the best
opportunity to serve my techniques and skills to work in any of the abovementioned fields.
Thank You!
Solution
A Letter to myself!
Hi to myself!
Now that I am an Engineer with a certified degree, as an Engineer I aspire to do some wonderful
things for myself and society. As I studied the Civil Engineering and about the wonders that it
has created for the well being of the society and the world, it amused me and inpired me to
become an Engineer. I want to design the bridges, tunnels, skyscrappers and dams which
wouldn\'t fail and please to the eyes. In history we have seen the engineering disasters such as
the Tacoma Washington bridge disaster, in which the wind loads were ignored while designing.
We learned from such disasters and .
Particulars Amount ($) Millons a) Purchase consideratio.pdf
Particulars Amount ($) Millons a) Purchase consideration paid 6.3 b) Net Assets
Aquired: Land 1.2 Buildings 2.9 Inventory 1.7 Liabilities -1 4.8 (a) - (b)
Good Will 1.5
Solution
Particulars Amount ($) Millons a) Purchase consideration paid 6.3 b) Net Assets
Aquired: Land 1.2 Buildings 2.9 Inventory 1.7 Liabilities -1 4.8 (a) - (b)
Good Will 1.5.
2 = 14.191, df = 9,2df = 1.58 , P(2 14.191) = .pdf
?2 = 14.191, df = 9,?2/df = 1.58 , P(?2 > 14.191) = 0.1157
P C B M F30
23.64
( 1.71)25
24.09
( 0.03)15
21.82
( 2.13)30
30.45
( 0.01) 100 S30
28.36
( 0.09)36
28.91
( 1.74)27
26.18
( 0.03)27
36.55
( 2.49) 120 J24
30.73
( 1.47)25
31.32
( 1.27)32
28.36
( 0.47)49
39.59
( 2.24) 130 S20
21.27
( 0.08)20
21.68
( 0.13)22
19.64
( 0.28)28
27.41
( 0.01) 90 104 106 96 134 440
Solution
?2 = 14.191, df = 9,?2/df = 1.58 , P(?2 > 14.191) = 0.1157
P C B M F30
23.64
( 1.71)25
24.09
( 0.03)15
21.82
( 2.13)30
30.45
( 0.01) 100 S30
28.36
( 0.09)36
28.91
( 1.74)27
26.18
( 0.03)27
36.55
( 2.49) 120 J24
30.73
( 1.47)25
31.32
( 1.27)32
28.36
( 0.47)49
39.59
( 2.24) 130 S20
21.27
( 0.08)20
21.68
( 0.13)22
19.64
( 0.28)28
27.41
( 0.01) 90 104 106 96 134 440.
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yDirection);
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printf(\"Failed to initialize SDL!\ \");
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SDL_FreeSurface(SpriteImage);
}
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Solution
#include
SDL_Surface* Background = NULL;
SDL_Surface* SpriteImage = NULL;
SDL_Surface* Backbuffer = NULL;
SDL_Rect SpritePos;
int xPos;
int yPos;
int width=1.
C, D, and E are wrong and involve random constants. Thisnarrows it d.pdf
C, D, and E are wrong and involve random constants. Thisnarrows it down to A and B; it is A
because the negative sign meansthat energy is being given off when it (SO2) forms.
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :)
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :)
Solution
C, D, and E are wrong and involve random constants. Thisnarrows it down to A and B; it is A
because the negative sign meansthat energy is being given off when it (SO2) forms.
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :)
I hope you found this helpful, please rate! :).
AnswerOogenesis is the process by which ovum mother cells or oogo.pdf
Answer:
Oogenesis is the process by which ovum mother cells or oogonia gives rise to mature ovum- the
female gametes. The process takes place in the outermost layer- the germinal epithelium of the
ovary.
Meiotic Events in oogenesis:
Initially before birth, the oogonium undergoes mitotic divisions so as to increase its number. This
process takes place during the embryonic growth phase. No further addition to this number takes
place after birth. In the human embryo, the thousand or so oogonia divide rapidly from the
second to the seventh month of gestation to form roughly 7 million germ cells. After the seventh
month though, there is a sharp decline in the number of these newly formed cells. These
remaining cells are the ones entering the reductional division of meiosis (meiosis-1). These cells
enters into meiosis-1 but they are unable to advance through Prophase-1 of meiosis. These cells
are arrested in the diplotene sub-stage of Prophase-1 and they are maintained at this stage until
puberty. These cells are now known as primary oocytes. Even the primary oocytes continue to
die during this phase. Roughly only about 400 oocytes mature during the reproductive life of a
female periodically. At the onset of puberty, specific hormonal cues re-initiate the process of
meiosis.
During adolescence, the GnRH or gonadotropin releasing hormones released from the
hypothalamus signals the anterior pituitary to release hormones like LH & FSH which lifts the
cell cycle arrest in these cells and assists them in resuming meiosis. The primary oocytes
completes meiosis-1 and gives rise to a tiny polar body and another larger secondary oocyte with
greater content of cytoplasm ( unequal cell division). In some organisms , the polar bodies may
again divide to form 2 polar bodies while it dies off in case of humans. The secondary oocyte
thus produced advances through Meiosis-2 ( equational division) but halts at meiosis-2. The
secondary oocyte is released from the follicle and it travels towards the fallopian tube. The
immature secondary oocyte can re-enter cell cycle and complete the remaining sub-stages of
meiosis-2 only if union with a sperm takes place. The secondary oocyte progresses through
meiosis-2 giving rise to another polar body and a female pro-nucleus which unites with the
sperm and gives rise to the zygote or the fertilized egg. Thus begins the process of embryonic
development.
Developmental process in oogenesis:
Oogonia are formed from the primoridial germ cells of the ovary by mitotic cell division. By
growth & maturation oogonia increase in size and become primary oocytes. During this phase,
synthesis of food and factors required for further differentiation are synthesized. During the
growth phase, the primary oocytes gets surrounded by specialized cells of the ovary known as
follicle cells. Once they are fully formed, cavities are formed and these gets filled with their own
secretion. At this stage, it is known as Graafian follicle. Oocyte collects .
AnswerB) S. typhimuium gains access to the host by crossing the.pdf
Answer:
B) S. typhimuium gains access to the host by crossing the intestinal epithelium inside M cells
The M cells are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer\'s patches and
in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunityresponses on the apical membrane of the M
cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut
lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place. M cells have
the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis,
phagocytosis, or transcytosis.
Solution
Answer:
B) S. typhimuium gains access to the host by crossing the intestinal epithelium inside M cells
The M cells are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer\'s patches and
in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunityresponses on the apical membrane of the M
cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut
lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place. M cells have
the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis,
phagocytosis, or transcytosis..
Answer question1,2,4,5Ion–dipole interactionsAffinity of oxygen .pdf
Answer question
1,2,4,5Ion–dipole interactionsAffinity of oxygen towards cationsDipole–dipole
interactionsHydrationAffinity of hydrogen towards anionsHydrogen bonding
Solution
Answer question
1,2,4,5Ion–dipole interactionsAffinity of oxygen towards cationsDipole–dipole
interactionsHydrationAffinity of hydrogen towards anionsHydrogen bonding.
A Letter to myself!Hi to myself!Now that I am an Engineer with a.pdf
A Letter to myself!
Hi to myself!
Now that I am an Engineer with a certified degree, as an Engineer I aspire to do some wonderful
things for myself and society. As I studied the Civil Engineering and about the wonders that it
has created for the well being of the society and the world, it amused me and inpired me to
become an Engineer. I want to design the bridges, tunnels, skyscrappers and dams which
wouldn\'t fail and please to the eyes. In history we have seen the engineering disasters such as
the Tacoma Washington bridge disaster, in which the wind loads were ignored while designing.
We learned from such disasters and improved our bridge by incorporating the wind and other
loads such as earthquake loads. There has been a revolution in the Civil Engineering field since
the advent of the cement and reinforced concrete. Initially we could only design low strength
concrete but now with the help of the admixtures and air-entraining agents we can design a mix
of strength greater than 70 MPa.
Empire State Building was constructed in 1932 and remained the tallest skyscraper till 1967,
until we learn to create the taller structures. Now we know that Burj Khalifa is the tallest
standing structure in the world with a height almost double of that of Empire state building.
Empire state building is now at 9th in the ranking of the tallest structure. Similarl trends can be
observed in the design of the bridges, tunnels and dams.
What we learn from all this history is that, there is never a full stop to the impovement of the
design of the structures. In present world, we still have many problems, such as the
environmental issues related with the use and production of the cement, which is responsible for
the production of a large proportion of the green house gases. There is a need to find the better
alternative of the cement. We still can\'t construct the earthquake proof buildings, and there
always will be a need for improvement in this field. More than one million people die each year
in the road crashes, many of which occur due to the poor design and construction, there is a need
of the better Intelligent Traffic Systems(ITS.)
I see that there is a lot to be improved in the current engineering field, so I will find the best
opportunity to serve my techniques and skills to work in any of the abovementioned fields.
Thank You!
Solution
A Letter to myself!
Hi to myself!
Now that I am an Engineer with a certified degree, as an Engineer I aspire to do some wonderful
things for myself and society. As I studied the Civil Engineering and about the wonders that it
has created for the well being of the society and the world, it amused me and inpired me to
become an Engineer. I want to design the bridges, tunnels, skyscrappers and dams which
wouldn\'t fail and please to the eyes. In history we have seen the engineering disasters such as
the Tacoma Washington bridge disaster, in which the wind loads were ignored while designing.
We learned from such disasters and .
Particulars Amount ($) Millons a) Purchase consideratio.pdf
Particulars Amount ($) Millons a) Purchase consideration paid 6.3 b) Net Assets
Aquired: Land 1.2 Buildings 2.9 Inventory 1.7 Liabilities -1 4.8 (a) - (b)
Good Will 1.5
Solution
Particulars Amount ($) Millons a) Purchase consideration paid 6.3 b) Net Assets
Aquired: Land 1.2 Buildings 2.9 Inventory 1.7 Liabilities -1 4.8 (a) - (b)
Good Will 1.5.
2 = 14.191, df = 9,2df = 1.58 , P(2 14.191) = .pdf
?2 = 14.191, df = 9,?2/df = 1.58 , P(?2 > 14.191) = 0.1157
P C B M F30
23.64
( 1.71)25
24.09
( 0.03)15
21.82
( 2.13)30
30.45
( 0.01) 100 S30
28.36
( 0.09)36
28.91
( 1.74)27
26.18
( 0.03)27
36.55
( 2.49) 120 J24
30.73
( 1.47)25
31.32
( 1.27)32
28.36
( 0.47)49
39.59
( 2.24) 130 S20
21.27
( 0.08)20
21.68
( 0.13)22
19.64
( 0.28)28
27.41
( 0.01) 90 104 106 96 134 440
Solution
?2 = 14.191, df = 9,?2/df = 1.58 , P(?2 > 14.191) = 0.1157
P C B M F30
23.64
( 1.71)25
24.09
( 0.03)15
21.82
( 2.13)30
30.45
( 0.01) 100 S30
28.36
( 0.09)36
28.91
( 1.74)27
26.18
( 0.03)27
36.55
( 2.49) 120 J24
30.73
( 1.47)25
31.32
( 1.27)32
28.36
( 0.47)49
39.59
( 2.24) 130 S20
21.27
( 0.08)20
21.68
( 0.13)22
19.64
( 0.28)28
27.41
( 0.01) 90 104 106 96 134 440.
while determining the pH the pH of the water is n.pdf
while determining the pH the pH of the water is not considered actually when salts
are added to water it dissciated to form H+ ions leading to increase in H+ ion concentration and
decrease in pH
Solution
while determining the pH the pH of the water is not considered actually when salts
are added to water it dissciated to form H+ ions leading to increase in H+ ion concentration and
decrease in pH.
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals By solving t.pdf
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals By solving the Schrödinger equation (Hy
= Ey), we obtain a set of mathematical equations, called wave functions (y), which describe the
probability of finding electrons at certain energy levels within an atom. A wave function for an
electron in an atom is called an atomic orbital; this atomic orbital describes a region of space in
which there is a high probability of finding the electron. Energy changes within an atom are the
result of an electron changing from a wave pattern with one energy to a wave pattern with a
different energy (usually accompanied by the absorption or emission of a photon of light). Each
electron in an atom is described by four different quantum numbers. The first three (n, l, ml)
specify the particular orbital of interest, and the fourth (ms) specifies how many electrons can
occupy that orbital. Principal Quantum Number (n): n = 1, 2, 3, …, 8 Specifies the energy of
an electron and the size of the orbital (the distance from the nucleus of the peak in a radial
probability distribution plot). All orbitals that have the same value of n are said to be in the same
shell (level). For a hydrogen atom with n=1, the electron is in its ground state; if the electron is in
the n=2 orbital, it is in an excited state. The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n2.
Angular Momentum (Secondary, Azimunthal) Quantum Number (l): l = 0, ..., n-1. Specifies the
shape of an orbital with a particular principal quantum number. The secondary quantum number
divides the shells into smaller groups of orbitals called subshells (sublevels). Usually, a letter
code is used to identify l to avoid confusion with n: l 0 1 2 3 4 5 ... Letter s p d f g h ... The
subshell with n=2 and l=1 is the 2p subshell; if n=3 and l=0, it is the 3s subshell, and so on. The
value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell
increases with l (s < p < d < f). Magnetic Quantum Number (ml): ml = -l, ..., 0, ..., +l. Specifies
the orientation in space of an orbital of a given energy (n) and shape (l). This number divides the
subshell into individual orbitals which hold the electrons; there are 2l+1 orbitals in each subshell.
Thus the s subshell has only one orbital, the p subshell has three orbitals, and so on. Spin
Quantum Number (ms): ms = +½ or -½. Specifies the orientation of the spin axis of an electron.
An electron can spin in only one of two directions (sometimes called up and down). The Pauli
exclusion principle (Wolfgang Pauli, Nobel Prize 1945) states that no two electrons in the same
atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers. What this means is that no
more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital, and that two electrons in the same orbital
must have opposite spins. Because an electron spins, it creates a magnetic field, which can be
oriented in one of two directions. For two electrons in the same orbital, the spins must be
opposite to each oth.
They are molecules that are mirror images of each.pdf
They are molecules that are mirror images of each other. They have the same basic
structure, but are rearranged in such a way that it is impossible to turn one into the other by
simple rotation.
Solution
They are molecules that are mirror images of each other. They have the same basic
structure, but are rearranged in such a way that it is impossible to turn one into the other by
simple rotation..
Well u put so many type of compounds here.Generally speakingi) t.pdf
Well u put so many type of compounds here.
Generally speaking
i) the materials or compounds or biological compounds which contains acidic protons [ the
protons which can be replaceable by the addition of base]
ii) compounds containing double bonds i.e. unsaturation
iii) compounds containing polar functional groups like aldehyde , ketones , esters etc
do react dramatically with the addition of acids or bases.
eg. materials :- inorganic acid / bases
biological system :- porphyrene system [contains replaceable hydrogen atoms]
Solution
Well u put so many type of compounds here.
Generally speaking
i) the materials or compounds or biological compounds which contains acidic protons [ the
protons which can be replaceable by the addition of base]
ii) compounds containing double bonds i.e. unsaturation
iii) compounds containing polar functional groups like aldehyde , ketones , esters etc
do react dramatically with the addition of acids or bases.
eg. materials :- inorganic acid / bases
biological system :- porphyrene system [contains replaceable hydrogen atoms].
Ventilation is the process of air going in and out of lungs. Increas.pdf
Ventilation is the process of air going in and out of lungs. Increased ventilation elevates the
oxygen level in arterial blood. It also alters the pH of blood, calcium level affecting the nerves,
muscles etc.
Solution
Ventilation is the process of air going in and out of lungs. Increased ventilation elevates the
oxygen level in arterial blood. It also alters the pH of blood, calcium level affecting the nerves,
muscles etc..
A1) A living being or an individual is known as an organism and it i.pdf
A1) A living being or an individual is known as an organism and it is a member of a species. A
species is a group of organisms that contains a set of specialized characteristics which distinguish
them from other organisms. The number of variety of species occurring in a community is
known as the species diversity. Species diversity has two important components-species richness
and species evenness. The species richness is the number of different species present in a
community. For example, a biological community like a coral reef contains large number of
species existing within the community and exhibits the high species richness. In contrast a forest
community containing limited number of specific plants exhibits low species richness. More
number of species present in an ecosystem represent its health because of the absence of factors
like nutrient depletion, competition, predation and extinction of species.
A2) New species arrive in habitat by geographical isolation and by immigration. The island
closer to the main land becomes a big source of immigration and have higher immigration rate
and contains higher species richness. The island distant from the main land has low immigration
rates because the species have to travel a lot to reach the island. Thus, these two factors influence
the species richness on the islands.
A3) A species chooses a specific habitat depending on availability of resources like nutrients and
other biotic factors. A diverse ecosystem with great variety of producer species producing more
plant biomass supports a great variety of a consumer species. The greater species richness in an
ecosystem makes it more productive, stable and sustainable. The greater species richness
promotes the food web and biotic interactions within the ecosystems resulting in greater
sustainability and enables to withstand the environmental disturbances like drought.
A4)
Native species are those that live in a specific ecosystem. Other species that migrate or
accidentally introduced in to another ecosystem are called as non native species or invasive or
exotic species.
The species that indicate or intimate the early warning of the damage to a community or an
ecosystem are known as indicator species. Birds are very good biological indicators as they can
predict the environmental changes rapidly.
The habitat loss by species is due to human activitites which introduce a species into a new
geographic location. For example, wild African honey bees known as killer bees were imported
to Brazil and caused damaged to native honey bees. Human activities like heavy utilization of
chemical pesticides is declining the populations of bird species. Butter flies are also good
indicator species as they are associated with several plant species making them vulnerable to
habitat loss and fragmentation due to heavy chemical fertilizers and pesticide usage. These
activities make the species to find new habitat to colonize and survive.
Solution
A1) A living being or .
there are laws and regulations that would pertain to an online breac.pdf
there are laws and regulations that would pertain to an online breach of 10,000 patient records
with identifiable data such as ssn and payment history ie HIPAA (health insurance portability
and accountability act ) is a fedral law that provides baseline privacy and security standards for
medical information and the us department health and human services is the fedral agency
incharge of creating rules that implement HIPAA and also enforcing HIPAA and this security
rule ie it protects only electronic medical records and it also applies to covered entities and there
are three types of covered entities ie health care providers get paid to provide health care doctors
, dentists , nursing homes ,hospitals, urgent medical care etc and the health care in order to
provide health care in exchange for payment . health plans play the cost of medical care like
health insurance companies .health care clearing houses process information so that it can be
transmitted in standard format between covered entities for eg they take the important
information from doctor and put it in standard code format that can be used for insurance
purposes . a bussiness associate acts as subcontractors as they creates , receives , maintains or
transmits the protected health information on behalf of covered entity and the responsibility of
bussiness associates that they make sure that they should protect patient health records according
to HIPAA standards.HIPAA privacy rules applies to protect health information which includes
all individual identifiable health information which includes patient health records about past
present and future and there mental health records and treatment provided to persons and their
payments and they also includes names , date of birth and addresses and phone no and social
securit numbers and they also protect the conversations between patient and doctors have the
same privacy . there are some violation rules if any wrong happens then individual can file case
against them according to HIPAA rules .
therefore the security of the data will continue to grow importance as health care industries move
towards greater implementation of electronic health records . personal electronic health records
devices , independent consent management tools and privacy preserving datamining and
statistical disclosure limitations and pesudonymization in this phase they replace the patient
names by providing with patient ids that can be linked to their original identities and it protects
individual identities .whereas in independent consent management tools relies on health trust as
they store health related data if researchers want to search health data they should first contact
health trusts where as personl electronic devices requires personal computer to manage their
health information . these are the rules and laws to protect patients records and data and their
payments .
Solution
there are laws and regulations that would pertain to an online breach of 10,000 pat.
The false statement among the given list is “Territoriality means ho.pdf
The false statement among the given list is “Territoriality means holding space, while
preemption means defending space.”
The actual meaning of territoriality means, defending space in which exclusion of aggressive
behaviour occurs, and preemption means holding space.
Solution
The false statement among the given list is “Territoriality means holding space, while
preemption means defending space.”
The actual meaning of territoriality means, defending space in which exclusion of aggressive
behaviour occurs, and preemption means holding space..
The current article is discussing about the role of SOX4 geneprotei.pdf
The current article is discussing about the role of SOX4 gene/protein in the metastasis, and
tumourogenesis.
Introduction:-
SOX 4 is the transcription factor produces Sox4 protein in humans,which regulates the
embryonic development and it directly invovles in the apoptosis regulation leading to the
tumourogenesis. The malfunction of the gene results in the decreement of parathyroid hormone
production so that bone desoption occurs.
In the current study explain importance of the SOX 4 gene, the interdigital tissue is lysed by the
apoptosis by the expression of SOX4 protein, so in the carcinoma cells, if we knock down of this
gene causes the decreeased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating caspases 3 and
7.
It causes various carcinoma like example : Intra hepatitic metastatisis tissue, prostate cancer,lung
cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, myeloma,pineoblastoma, bladder cancer , gastric cancer.
these all types are due high expression of SOX 4 gene(upregulation or over production).
Solution
The current article is discussing about the role of SOX4 gene/protein in the metastasis, and
tumourogenesis.
Introduction:-
SOX 4 is the transcription factor produces Sox4 protein in humans,which regulates the
embryonic development and it directly invovles in the apoptosis regulation leading to the
tumourogenesis. The malfunction of the gene results in the decreement of parathyroid hormone
production so that bone desoption occurs.
In the current study explain importance of the SOX 4 gene, the interdigital tissue is lysed by the
apoptosis by the expression of SOX4 protein, so in the carcinoma cells, if we knock down of this
gene causes the decreeased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating caspases 3 and
7.
It causes various carcinoma like example : Intra hepatitic metastatisis tissue, prostate cancer,lung
cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, myeloma,pineoblastoma, bladder cancer , gastric cancer.
these all types are due high expression of SOX 4 gene(upregulation or over production)..
The major similarities between rocks and minerals are as follows1.pdf
The major similarities between rocks and minerals are as follows:
1. Both of them are geological substances which exists on earth.
2. Both are solid, inorganic and naturally-occuring substances.
However, these are different in following ways:
1. Rocks are classified by geological processes whereas minerals are classified by chemical
processes.
2. Rocks do not play any role in biological processes whereas minerals play definitive role.
3. Sometivmes, fosil remains are found embeded inside rocks while minerals don\'t have fossils.
Solution
The major similarities between rocks and minerals are as follows:
1. Both of them are geological substances which exists on earth.
2. Both are solid, inorganic and naturally-occuring substances.
However, these are different in following ways:
1. Rocks are classified by geological processes whereas minerals are classified by chemical
processes.
2. Rocks do not play any role in biological processes whereas minerals play definitive role.
3. Sometivmes, fosil remains are found embeded inside rocks while minerals don\'t have fossils..
Pipelining understandingPipelining is running multiple stages of .pdf
Pipelining understanding:
Pipelining is running multiple stages of the same process in parallel in a way that efficiently uses
all the available hardware while respecting the dependencies of each stage upon the previous
stages. In the laundry example, the stages are washing, drying, and folding. By starting a wash
stage as soon as the previous wash stage is moved to the dryer, the idle time of the washer is
minimized. Notice that the wash stage takes less time than the dry stage, so the wash stage must
remain idle until the dry stage finishes: the steady state throughput of the pipeline is limited by
the slowest stage in the pipeline. This can be mitigated by breaking up the bottleneck stage into
smaller sub-stages. For those less concerned with laundry-based examples, consider a video
game. The CPU computes the keyboard/mouse input each frame and moves the camera
accordingly, then the GPU takes that information and actually renders the scene; meanwhile, the
CPU has already begun calculating what\'s going to happen in the next frame.
How Pipelining will done:
In class, we mentioned that interpreting each computer instruction is a four step process: fetching
the instruction, decoding it and reading the register, executing it, and recording the results. Each
instruction may take 4 cycles to complete, but if our throughput is one instruction each cycle,
then we would like to perform, on average, $n$ instructions every $n$ cycles. To accomplish
this, we can split up an instruction\'s work into the 4 different steps so that other pieces of
hardware work to decode, execute, and record results while the CPU performs the fetch. The
latency to process each instruction is fixed at 4 cycles, so by processing a new instruction every
cycle, after four cycles, one instruction has been completed and three are \"in progress\" (they\'re
in the pipeline). After many cycles the steady state throughput approaches one completed
instruction every cycle.
An assembly line in a auto manufacturing plant is another good example of a pipelined process.
There are many steps in the assembly of the car, each of which is assigned a stage in the pipeline.
Typically the depth of these pipelines is very large: cars are pretty complex, so there need to be a
lot of stages in the assembly line. The more stages, the longer it takes to crank the system up to a
steady state. The larger the depth, the more costly it is to turn the system around: A branch
misprediction in an instruction pipeline would be like getting one of the steps wrong in the
assembly line: all the cars affected would have to go back to the beginning of the assembly line
and be processed again.
OnLive Example[Realtime]:
OnLive is a company that allows gamers to play video games in the cloud. The games are run on
one of the company\'s server farms, and video of the game is sent back to your computer. The
idea is that even the lamest of computers can run the most highly intensive games because all the
computer does .
main.cpp #include iostream #include iomanip #include S.pdf
main.cpp
#include
#include
#include \"SwimmingPool.h\"
using namespace std;
void printMainMenu();
void printPoolVolume();
void printGetPoolDimensions(bool);
void printHasDimensions();
void checkDimensions();
void printError();
void printPoolDimensions();
double editValue(double);
void printGetFillRate();
void printGetDrainRate();
void printAddWater();
void printDrainRate();
void printFillRate();
char printWantwer();
SwimmingPool pool;
int _response;
int _numResponses;
double _length;
double _width;
double _depth;
//double _currentwerVolume;
double _drainRate;
double _fillRate;
bool _end;
char _newValue[5];
int main()
{
int fillTime;
int drainTime;
double drained;
// Set output style and precision
cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2);
// Main program loop
// ends when _end==true
while (!_end)
{
// Prints main option list
printMainMenu();
// Switch based on response
switch (_response)
{
// Sets pool dimensions
case 1:
if (pool.hasDimensions())
printHasDimensions();
else
{
printPoolDimensions();
printPoolVolume();
}
break;
// Prints pool dimensions
case 2:
printGetPoolDimensions(false);
system(\"pause\");
break;
// Prints fill rate
case 3:
printGetFillRate();
break;
// Prints drain rate
case 4:
printGetDrainRate();
break;
// Determine water need to fill pool to capacity
case 5:
checkDimensions();
if (!pool.hasWater())
cout << \"\ The pool is currently empty\";
else
{
cout << \" The pool currently has \"
<< pool.getwerVolume()
<< \" units\"
<< endl;
}
cout << \"\ \ Water needed: \"
<< pool.getFillAmount(pool.getwerVolume())
<< \" units of water\ \ \";
system(\"pause\");
break;
// Determine time required to fill pool at rate
case 6:
if (!pool.hasDimensions())
{
cout << \" Pool dimensions not yet entered.\ \";
printGetPoolDimensions(false);
}
if (pool.getFillRate() <= 0)
printGetFillRate();
cout << \"\ Time to fill pool: \"
<< pool.getFillTime()
<< endl
<< endl;
system(\"pause\");
break;
// Determine time required to drain pool at rate
case 7:
checkDimensions();
if (_drainRate <= 0)
printGetDrainRate();
if (!pool.hasWater())
{
char response = printWantwer();
while (response != \'y\' && response != \'n\')
{
printError();
response = printWantwer();
}
if (response == \'y\')
printAddWater();
else
break;;
}
cout << \"\ Time to drain pool: \"
<< pool.getDrainTime()
<< endl
<< endl;
system(\"pause\");
break;
case 8:
checkDimensions();
if (pool.getFillRate() <= 0)
printGetFillRate();
else
printFillRate();
cout << \"\ Enter fill time: \";
cin >> fillTime;
pool.setFillTime(fillTime);
pool.setwerVolume(pool.getwerVolume() + pool.fill());
cout << endl
<< pool.fill()
<< \" units of water were added to the pool\ \ \"
<< \" The pool now contains \"
<< pool.getwerVolume()
<< \" units of water\ \ \";
system(\"pause\");
break;
case 9:
checkDimensions();
if (pool.getDrainRate() <= 0)
printGetDrainRate();
else
printDrainRate();
cout << \"\ Enter drain time: \";
cin >> drainTime;
pool.setDrainTime(drainTime);
if (!pool.hasWater())
{
char response = printWantwe.
12). Choose the letter designation that represent homozygous recessi.pdf
12). Choose the letter designation that represent homozygous recessive genotypte?
c. ee
As there are always two letters in the genotype because one code for the trait come from materal
and other code for the trait comes from paternal oraganism, so every organism has two codes (
letters ). The two lowercase letters in the genotype referred as homozygous recessive genotype(
ee). The term pure may also used in place of homozygous.
13). Daughter nuclei form from each parent cell during
a. Telophase I and telophase II
In both at each pole, a daughter nucleus with nuclear membrane( from ER) and nucleolus( from
SAT chromosome) is formedand also there is disappearance of astral rays and spindle fibres.
14). The diploid human cell has _ chromosomes.
- 46
The diploid number is abbreviated as 2n because of the presence of twice the amount of
chromosomes as a haploid cell. The haploid cell has a total of 23 chromosomes while the diploid
cell has 46 chromosomes.
15). Choose all that are true about genes
- genes are located on chromosomes
- genes are units of inheritence about heritable trait
- genes are arranged in a linear sequence on a chromosome
- each gene has its own location,in one type of chromosome
16).Mendal theory of independent assortment states that
a. genes for different traits are randomly distributed to gametes during meiosis.
17). Pairs of homologus chromosomes exist
a. during meiosis I
It is a special type of division in which chromosomes duplicate only once, but cell divides twice.
So one parental cell produces 4 daughter cells.
18). Alternate forms of genes are called_
- alleles
19). The physical appearance of an individual is referrred to as its
b. Phenotype
20). The genetic make- up of an individual is referred to as its
a.Genotype
21). Why the sexual reproduction benefit for the organism?
all of these are true.
22). The various forms of particular gene are called
b. alleles
Solution
12). Choose the letter designation that represent homozygous recessive genotypte?
c. ee
As there are always two letters in the genotype because one code for the trait come from materal
and other code for the trait comes from paternal oraganism, so every organism has two codes (
letters ). The two lowercase letters in the genotype referred as homozygous recessive genotype(
ee). The term pure may also used in place of homozygous.
13). Daughter nuclei form from each parent cell during
a. Telophase I and telophase II
In both at each pole, a daughter nucleus with nuclear membrane( from ER) and nucleolus( from
SAT chromosome) is formedand also there is disappearance of astral rays and spindle fibres.
14). The diploid human cell has _ chromosomes.
- 46
The diploid number is abbreviated as 2n because of the presence of twice the amount of
chromosomes as a haploid cell. The haploid cell has a total of 23 chromosomes while the diploid
cell has 46 chromosomes.
15). Choose all that are true about genes
- genes are located on chromosomes
- genes are units of inheriten.
1. The laboratory findings and symptoms described are suggestive of .pdf
1. The laboratory findings and symptoms described are suggestive of Shigellosis. Shigella sp. are
facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram negative bacilli belonging to the
family Enterobacteriaceae. The incubation period, although variable from 12 hours to a week, is
typically 1-3 days. Hemorrhagic colitis (causing bloody diarrhea) and severe abdominal cramps
are characteristic findings.
2. Secondary outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea) are quite common in
Shigellosis; food-borne transmission from improper hygiene being the most common cause.
3. The pathogen, being a facultative anaerobe, survives well in foods like salads, dips, shredded
vegetables, etc. It is most commonly transmitted from an infected individual by ingestion
through contaminated food and water, or direct contact.
4. The primary outbreak could have been stopped by securing the source of the infection;
Shigella do not survive for long outside the host and infections are usually from a concentrated,
point source.
Proper hygiene is the easiest way to prevent Shigellosis; any individual suspected of infection
must not be allowed to handle food preparation. Water used for washing ingredients and utensils
must meet microbial standards. People who handle food preparation must follow strict hygienic
measures.
Solution
1. The laboratory findings and symptoms described are suggestive of Shigellosis. Shigella sp. are
facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram negative bacilli belonging to the
family Enterobacteriaceae. The incubation period, although variable from 12 hours to a week, is
typically 1-3 days. Hemorrhagic colitis (causing bloody diarrhea) and severe abdominal cramps
are characteristic findings.
2. Secondary outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea) are quite common in
Shigellosis; food-borne transmission from improper hygiene being the most common cause.
3. The pathogen, being a facultative anaerobe, survives well in foods like salads, dips, shredded
vegetables, etc. It is most commonly transmitted from an infected individual by ingestion
through contaminated food and water, or direct contact.
4. The primary outbreak could have been stopped by securing the source of the infection;
Shigella do not survive for long outside the host and infections are usually from a concentrated,
point source.
Proper hygiene is the easiest way to prevent Shigellosis; any individual suspected of infection
must not be allowed to handle food preparation. Water used for washing ingredients and utensils
must meet microbial standards. People who handle food preparation must follow strict hygienic
measures..
95. E. All of these.96. A. Cooperation in social species transfers.pdf
95. E. All of these.
96. A. Cooperation in social species transfers selection for fitness from the level of group to the
level of organsisms .
97. D. Decrease early mortality of some individuals.
98. C. Tall humans.
100. A Tree - With many branches representing different groups of related organisms.
Solution
95. E. All of these.
96. A. Cooperation in social species transfers selection for fitness from the level of group to the
level of organsisms .
97. D. Decrease early mortality of some individuals.
98. C. Tall humans.
100. A Tree - With many branches representing different groups of related organisms..
It is caused by taking several very deep breaths, or hyperventilatin.pdf
It is caused by taking several very deep breaths, or hyperventilating, just before a dive. Thus
hyperventilating and blowing off excess carbon dioxide, the swimmer loses that respiratory
drive, and because of depleted oxygen reserves, shallow water blackout occurs (It is a loss of
consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold dive in water). A loss
of consciousness underwater can trigger him to almost sink.
Solution
It is caused by taking several very deep breaths, or hyperventilating, just before a dive. Thus
hyperventilating and blowing off excess carbon dioxide, the swimmer loses that respiratory
drive, and because of depleted oxygen reserves, shallow water blackout occurs (It is a loss of
consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold dive in water). A loss
of consciousness underwater can trigger him to almost sink..
1. Breathing is the very important phenomenon of our body. All the p.pdf
1. Breathing is the very important phenomenon of our body. All the parts of our body needs
oxygen to survive and carry out the various physical process. The most important part of
breathing is cellular respiration. When we breathe our cells get oxygen and later this oxygen
helps to make cellular energy i.e ATP. Cells perform this action of making ATP by completely
breaking down glucose into carbon dioxide(this is what we breathe out) and water. During
glycolysis when the glucose molecule is breaks down then two ATP molecules is formed along
with pyruvic acid. This pyruvic acid later gets transformed into acetyl-CoA. During this process
CO2 is produced. During Krebs Cycle more ATP is produced and more CO2. So the CO2 which
we breathe out is produced in our cells. The cardiovascular system plays a very important role in
facilitating breathing. The circulatory system and the respiratory system works together. Heart
and lungs connected to each other via pulmonary arteries and veins. So when deoxygenated
blood (blood cells carrying CO2) enters the right atrium it flows into the right ventricle. When
the heart contracts the blood is pumped towards the lungs via pulmonary arteries. The alveolar
lining in the lungs undergo the exchange process where the carbon dioxide is released into the
waste air and oxygen is taken up by the blood cells. After oxygenation the blood is circulated
back to pulmonary veins and from there it reaches the left atrium. From left atrium it passes in
the left ventricles and from there the oxygen rich blood is passed to the rest of the body through
aorta. Hence breathing is a very crucial process.
Solution
1. Breathing is the very important phenomenon of our body. All the parts of our body needs
oxygen to survive and carry out the various physical process. The most important part of
breathing is cellular respiration. When we breathe our cells get oxygen and later this oxygen
helps to make cellular energy i.e ATP. Cells perform this action of making ATP by completely
breaking down glucose into carbon dioxide(this is what we breathe out) and water. During
glycolysis when the glucose molecule is breaks down then two ATP molecules is formed along
with pyruvic acid. This pyruvic acid later gets transformed into acetyl-CoA. During this process
CO2 is produced. During Krebs Cycle more ATP is produced and more CO2. So the CO2 which
we breathe out is produced in our cells. The cardiovascular system plays a very important role in
facilitating breathing. The circulatory system and the respiratory system works together. Heart
and lungs connected to each other via pulmonary arteries and veins. So when deoxygenated
blood (blood cells carrying CO2) enters the right atrium it flows into the right ventricle. When
the heart contracts the blood is pumped towards the lungs via pulmonary arteries. The alveolar
lining in the lungs undergo the exchange process where the carbon dioxide is released into the
waste air and oxygen is taken up by the bl.
1) Prosi) You dont have to give any fees or share your profit wit.pdf
1) Pros:
i) You dont have to give any fees or share your profit with the mutual funds.
Cons:
i) You will be exposed to more risk as while investing in individual stocks or bonds you will be
exposed to all the risks associated with those stocks and bonds.
ii) Risk management will not be properly done .
iii) You have to dedicate a lot of time to undertand the company you want to invest in.
2) Alpha Risk: It is the risk of you active return being zero or even negative.An investor would
expect an excess return against the benchmark if he is taking more risk in terms of volatility.
Beta Risk: It represents the systematic risk that is the volatility associated with the portfolio as
compared to a benchmark.
Beta risk can be used through diversification.
3)The most important factor was that the common household started investing in the financial
assets such as stocks and bonds through professionally managed funds for better return.Before
this most of the investments were made in lands or golds.
Secondly the returns from more traditional investments like land and golds started declining.
Thirdly more and more companies started raising money through IPOs.
4) Charesteristics of an average investor in mutual funds in 2009:
i) Limited knowledge about financial markets.
ii) Didn\'t knew the diversifiaction benefits.
iii) After the crash of 2008, they were scared to invest directly into stocks and bonds.
Solution
1) Pros:
i) You dont have to give any fees or share your profit with the mutual funds.
Cons:
i) You will be exposed to more risk as while investing in individual stocks or bonds you will be
exposed to all the risks associated with those stocks and bonds.
ii) Risk management will not be properly done .
iii) You have to dedicate a lot of time to undertand the company you want to invest in.
2) Alpha Risk: It is the risk of you active return being zero or even negative.An investor would
expect an excess return against the benchmark if he is taking more risk in terms of volatility.
Beta Risk: It represents the systematic risk that is the volatility associated with the portfolio as
compared to a benchmark.
Beta risk can be used through diversification.
3)The most important factor was that the common household started investing in the financial
assets such as stocks and bonds through professionally managed funds for better return.Before
this most of the investments were made in lands or golds.
Secondly the returns from more traditional investments like land and golds started declining.
Thirdly more and more companies started raising money through IPOs.
4) Charesteristics of an average investor in mutual funds in 2009:
i) Limited knowledge about financial markets.
ii) Didn\'t knew the diversifiaction benefits.
iii) After the crash of 2008, they were scared to invest directly into stocks and bonds..
Remember Opposite charges attract one other and .pdf
Remember: Opposite charges attract one other and like charges repel one another.
Remember: atoms \"like\" to exist in their lowest energy configuration. Remember: the potential
energy of like charges increases with distance. The orbital energy describes the (electrical)
potential energy between the nucleus (one or more protons) and an electron. This means that we
can quantify the attraction between a proton and an electron. However, this calculation is too
simplistic. Electrons also repel one another! Because electrons repel one other, we must consider
the effect of electron repulsion when calculating the energy of an atom. If we consider only
orbital energy, we would assume that the orbitals closest to the nucleus would always fill up first.
But due to electron repulsion, sometimes orbitals further from the nucleus fill up before orbitals
that are closer to the nucleus. This explains why, when we write out electron configurations [i.g.
see electron configurations of potassium (K) through titanium (Ti)], sometimes the orbitals
aren\'t filled in ascending order. Due to electron repulsion, the total energy of the atom is lower
when the 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell.
Solution
Remember: Opposite charges attract one other and like charges repel one another.
Remember: atoms \"like\" to exist in their lowest energy configuration. Remember: the potential
energy of like charges increases with distance. The orbital energy describes the (electrical)
potential energy between the nucleus (one or more protons) and an electron. This means that we
can quantify the attraction between a proton and an electron. However, this calculation is too
simplistic. Electrons also repel one another! Because electrons repel one other, we must consider
the effect of electron repulsion when calculating the energy of an atom. If we consider only
orbital energy, we would assume that the orbitals closest to the nucleus would always fill up first.
But due to electron repulsion, sometimes orbitals further from the nucleus fill up before orbitals
that are closer to the nucleus. This explains why, when we write out electron configurations [i.g.
see electron configurations of potassium (K) through titanium (Ti)], sometimes the orbitals
aren\'t filled in ascending order. Due to electron repulsion, the total energy of the atom is lower
when the 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell..
#include avrinterrupt.h The global interrupt flag is maintained.pdf
#include //The global interrupt flag is maintained in the I bit of the status register (SREG).
#include //This header file includes the apropriate IO definitions for the device that has been
specified by the -mmcu= compiler command-line switch. This is done by diverting to the
appropriate file which should never be included directly. Some register names common to all
AVR devices are defined directly within , which is included in , but most of the details come
from the respective include file.
#include //The functions in this header file are wrappers around the basic busy-wait functions
from . They are meant as convenience functions where actual time values can be specified rather
than a number of cycles to wait for. The idea behind is that compile-time constant expressions
will be eliminated by compiler optimization so floating-point expressions can be used to
calculate the number of delay cycles needed based on the CPU frequency passed by the macro
F_CPU.
#include \"oi.h\"//This header file includes the apropriate IO definitions
//the #define directive allows the definition of macros within your source code. These macro
definitions allow constant values to be declared for use throughout your code. Macro definitions
are not variables and cannot be changed by your program code like variables.
#define USB 1
#define CR8 2 // toggle between usb and create on CM serial processor
//Methods used in program
void setSerial(uint8_t com);
uint8_t getSerialDestination(void);/*------------------------built in, sends back Serial Destination*/
void writeChar(char c, uint8_t com);/*------------ --taken from command modual manual. sends
data to computer via the USB cable*/
void delay(void);/* Checks the delayed period*/
void byteTx(uint8_t value);/*Transmit a byte over the serial port*/
void Init_Uart(void);/* Initialize the values */
uint8_t byteRx(void);/*------------------------------reads from the serial port*/
//This is main method for the program
void main(void)
{
uint8_t rx_data;
Init_Uart();
/* Writing the character by character using the while loop */
while(1)
{
writeChar(\'H\',USB);
writeChar(\'e\',USB);
writeChar(\'l\',USB);
writeChar(\'l\',USB);
writeChar(\'o\',USB);
writeChar(\' \',USB);
writeChar(\'W\',USB);
writeChar(\'o\',USB);
writeChar(\'r\',USB);
writeChar(\'l\',USB);
writeChar(\'d\',USB);
writeChar(\'!\',USB);
}
}
/*Initialize the values */
void Init_Uart(void)
{
UBRR0 = 59;
UCSR0B = 0x18;
UCSR0C = 0x06;
DDRB = 0X10;
PORTB = 0X10;
}
/*Used to check the delayed time */
void delay(void)
{
int i=0,j=0;
for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=1000;j++)
{
}
}
}
//****************************************************************************
****************
/*the following three functions came directly from the command module manual
they change the flow of data so that when byteTx is called it sends data
from the create to the computer through the USB cable. when it is done sending
data it returns the com port to its original state, giving commands to .
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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while determining the pH the pH of the water is n.pdf
while determining the pH the pH of the water is not considered actually when salts
are added to water it dissciated to form H+ ions leading to increase in H+ ion concentration and
decrease in pH
Solution
while determining the pH the pH of the water is not considered actually when salts
are added to water it dissciated to form H+ ions leading to increase in H+ ion concentration and
decrease in pH.
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals By solving t.pdf
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals By solving the Schrödinger equation (Hy
= Ey), we obtain a set of mathematical equations, called wave functions (y), which describe the
probability of finding electrons at certain energy levels within an atom. A wave function for an
electron in an atom is called an atomic orbital; this atomic orbital describes a region of space in
which there is a high probability of finding the electron. Energy changes within an atom are the
result of an electron changing from a wave pattern with one energy to a wave pattern with a
different energy (usually accompanied by the absorption or emission of a photon of light). Each
electron in an atom is described by four different quantum numbers. The first three (n, l, ml)
specify the particular orbital of interest, and the fourth (ms) specifies how many electrons can
occupy that orbital. Principal Quantum Number (n): n = 1, 2, 3, …, 8 Specifies the energy of
an electron and the size of the orbital (the distance from the nucleus of the peak in a radial
probability distribution plot). All orbitals that have the same value of n are said to be in the same
shell (level). For a hydrogen atom with n=1, the electron is in its ground state; if the electron is in
the n=2 orbital, it is in an excited state. The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n2.
Angular Momentum (Secondary, Azimunthal) Quantum Number (l): l = 0, ..., n-1. Specifies the
shape of an orbital with a particular principal quantum number. The secondary quantum number
divides the shells into smaller groups of orbitals called subshells (sublevels). Usually, a letter
code is used to identify l to avoid confusion with n: l 0 1 2 3 4 5 ... Letter s p d f g h ... The
subshell with n=2 and l=1 is the 2p subshell; if n=3 and l=0, it is the 3s subshell, and so on. The
value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell
increases with l (s < p < d < f). Magnetic Quantum Number (ml): ml = -l, ..., 0, ..., +l. Specifies
the orientation in space of an orbital of a given energy (n) and shape (l). This number divides the
subshell into individual orbitals which hold the electrons; there are 2l+1 orbitals in each subshell.
Thus the s subshell has only one orbital, the p subshell has three orbitals, and so on. Spin
Quantum Number (ms): ms = +½ or -½. Specifies the orientation of the spin axis of an electron.
An electron can spin in only one of two directions (sometimes called up and down). The Pauli
exclusion principle (Wolfgang Pauli, Nobel Prize 1945) states that no two electrons in the same
atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers. What this means is that no
more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital, and that two electrons in the same orbital
must have opposite spins. Because an electron spins, it creates a magnetic field, which can be
oriented in one of two directions. For two electrons in the same orbital, the spins must be
opposite to each oth.
They are molecules that are mirror images of each.pdf
They are molecules that are mirror images of each other. They have the same basic
structure, but are rearranged in such a way that it is impossible to turn one into the other by
simple rotation.
Solution
They are molecules that are mirror images of each other. They have the same basic
structure, but are rearranged in such a way that it is impossible to turn one into the other by
simple rotation..
Well u put so many type of compounds here.Generally speakingi) t.pdf
Well u put so many type of compounds here.
Generally speaking
i) the materials or compounds or biological compounds which contains acidic protons [ the
protons which can be replaceable by the addition of base]
ii) compounds containing double bonds i.e. unsaturation
iii) compounds containing polar functional groups like aldehyde , ketones , esters etc
do react dramatically with the addition of acids or bases.
eg. materials :- inorganic acid / bases
biological system :- porphyrene system [contains replaceable hydrogen atoms]
Solution
Well u put so many type of compounds here.
Generally speaking
i) the materials or compounds or biological compounds which contains acidic protons [ the
protons which can be replaceable by the addition of base]
ii) compounds containing double bonds i.e. unsaturation
iii) compounds containing polar functional groups like aldehyde , ketones , esters etc
do react dramatically with the addition of acids or bases.
eg. materials :- inorganic acid / bases
biological system :- porphyrene system [contains replaceable hydrogen atoms].
Ventilation is the process of air going in and out of lungs. Increas.pdf
Ventilation is the process of air going in and out of lungs. Increased ventilation elevates the
oxygen level in arterial blood. It also alters the pH of blood, calcium level affecting the nerves,
muscles etc.
Solution
Ventilation is the process of air going in and out of lungs. Increased ventilation elevates the
oxygen level in arterial blood. It also alters the pH of blood, calcium level affecting the nerves,
muscles etc..
A1) A living being or an individual is known as an organism and it i.pdf
A1) A living being or an individual is known as an organism and it is a member of a species. A
species is a group of organisms that contains a set of specialized characteristics which distinguish
them from other organisms. The number of variety of species occurring in a community is
known as the species diversity. Species diversity has two important components-species richness
and species evenness. The species richness is the number of different species present in a
community. For example, a biological community like a coral reef contains large number of
species existing within the community and exhibits the high species richness. In contrast a forest
community containing limited number of specific plants exhibits low species richness. More
number of species present in an ecosystem represent its health because of the absence of factors
like nutrient depletion, competition, predation and extinction of species.
A2) New species arrive in habitat by geographical isolation and by immigration. The island
closer to the main land becomes a big source of immigration and have higher immigration rate
and contains higher species richness. The island distant from the main land has low immigration
rates because the species have to travel a lot to reach the island. Thus, these two factors influence
the species richness on the islands.
A3) A species chooses a specific habitat depending on availability of resources like nutrients and
other biotic factors. A diverse ecosystem with great variety of producer species producing more
plant biomass supports a great variety of a consumer species. The greater species richness in an
ecosystem makes it more productive, stable and sustainable. The greater species richness
promotes the food web and biotic interactions within the ecosystems resulting in greater
sustainability and enables to withstand the environmental disturbances like drought.
A4)
Native species are those that live in a specific ecosystem. Other species that migrate or
accidentally introduced in to another ecosystem are called as non native species or invasive or
exotic species.
The species that indicate or intimate the early warning of the damage to a community or an
ecosystem are known as indicator species. Birds are very good biological indicators as they can
predict the environmental changes rapidly.
The habitat loss by species is due to human activitites which introduce a species into a new
geographic location. For example, wild African honey bees known as killer bees were imported
to Brazil and caused damaged to native honey bees. Human activities like heavy utilization of
chemical pesticides is declining the populations of bird species. Butter flies are also good
indicator species as they are associated with several plant species making them vulnerable to
habitat loss and fragmentation due to heavy chemical fertilizers and pesticide usage. These
activities make the species to find new habitat to colonize and survive.
Solution
A1) A living being or .
there are laws and regulations that would pertain to an online breac.pdf
there are laws and regulations that would pertain to an online breach of 10,000 patient records
with identifiable data such as ssn and payment history ie HIPAA (health insurance portability
and accountability act ) is a fedral law that provides baseline privacy and security standards for
medical information and the us department health and human services is the fedral agency
incharge of creating rules that implement HIPAA and also enforcing HIPAA and this security
rule ie it protects only electronic medical records and it also applies to covered entities and there
are three types of covered entities ie health care providers get paid to provide health care doctors
, dentists , nursing homes ,hospitals, urgent medical care etc and the health care in order to
provide health care in exchange for payment . health plans play the cost of medical care like
health insurance companies .health care clearing houses process information so that it can be
transmitted in standard format between covered entities for eg they take the important
information from doctor and put it in standard code format that can be used for insurance
purposes . a bussiness associate acts as subcontractors as they creates , receives , maintains or
transmits the protected health information on behalf of covered entity and the responsibility of
bussiness associates that they make sure that they should protect patient health records according
to HIPAA standards.HIPAA privacy rules applies to protect health information which includes
all individual identifiable health information which includes patient health records about past
present and future and there mental health records and treatment provided to persons and their
payments and they also includes names , date of birth and addresses and phone no and social
securit numbers and they also protect the conversations between patient and doctors have the
same privacy . there are some violation rules if any wrong happens then individual can file case
against them according to HIPAA rules .
therefore the security of the data will continue to grow importance as health care industries move
towards greater implementation of electronic health records . personal electronic health records
devices , independent consent management tools and privacy preserving datamining and
statistical disclosure limitations and pesudonymization in this phase they replace the patient
names by providing with patient ids that can be linked to their original identities and it protects
individual identities .whereas in independent consent management tools relies on health trust as
they store health related data if researchers want to search health data they should first contact
health trusts where as personl electronic devices requires personal computer to manage their
health information . these are the rules and laws to protect patients records and data and their
payments .
Solution
there are laws and regulations that would pertain to an online breach of 10,000 pat.
The false statement among the given list is “Territoriality means ho.pdf
The false statement among the given list is “Territoriality means holding space, while
preemption means defending space.”
The actual meaning of territoriality means, defending space in which exclusion of aggressive
behaviour occurs, and preemption means holding space.
Solution
The false statement among the given list is “Territoriality means holding space, while
preemption means defending space.”
The actual meaning of territoriality means, defending space in which exclusion of aggressive
behaviour occurs, and preemption means holding space..
The current article is discussing about the role of SOX4 geneprotei.pdf
The current article is discussing about the role of SOX4 gene/protein in the metastasis, and
tumourogenesis.
Introduction:-
SOX 4 is the transcription factor produces Sox4 protein in humans,which regulates the
embryonic development and it directly invovles in the apoptosis regulation leading to the
tumourogenesis. The malfunction of the gene results in the decreement of parathyroid hormone
production so that bone desoption occurs.
In the current study explain importance of the SOX 4 gene, the interdigital tissue is lysed by the
apoptosis by the expression of SOX4 protein, so in the carcinoma cells, if we knock down of this
gene causes the decreeased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating caspases 3 and
7.
It causes various carcinoma like example : Intra hepatitic metastatisis tissue, prostate cancer,lung
cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, myeloma,pineoblastoma, bladder cancer , gastric cancer.
these all types are due high expression of SOX 4 gene(upregulation or over production).
Solution
The current article is discussing about the role of SOX4 gene/protein in the metastasis, and
tumourogenesis.
Introduction:-
SOX 4 is the transcription factor produces Sox4 protein in humans,which regulates the
embryonic development and it directly invovles in the apoptosis regulation leading to the
tumourogenesis. The malfunction of the gene results in the decreement of parathyroid hormone
production so that bone desoption occurs.
In the current study explain importance of the SOX 4 gene, the interdigital tissue is lysed by the
apoptosis by the expression of SOX4 protein, so in the carcinoma cells, if we knock down of this
gene causes the decreeased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating caspases 3 and
7.
It causes various carcinoma like example : Intra hepatitic metastatisis tissue, prostate cancer,lung
cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, myeloma,pineoblastoma, bladder cancer , gastric cancer.
these all types are due high expression of SOX 4 gene(upregulation or over production)..
The major similarities between rocks and minerals are as follows1.pdf
The major similarities between rocks and minerals are as follows:
1. Both of them are geological substances which exists on earth.
2. Both are solid, inorganic and naturally-occuring substances.
However, these are different in following ways:
1. Rocks are classified by geological processes whereas minerals are classified by chemical
processes.
2. Rocks do not play any role in biological processes whereas minerals play definitive role.
3. Sometivmes, fosil remains are found embeded inside rocks while minerals don\'t have fossils.
Solution
The major similarities between rocks and minerals are as follows:
1. Both of them are geological substances which exists on earth.
2. Both are solid, inorganic and naturally-occuring substances.
However, these are different in following ways:
1. Rocks are classified by geological processes whereas minerals are classified by chemical
processes.
2. Rocks do not play any role in biological processes whereas minerals play definitive role.
3. Sometivmes, fosil remains are found embeded inside rocks while minerals don\'t have fossils..
Pipelining understandingPipelining is running multiple stages of .pdf
Pipelining understanding:
Pipelining is running multiple stages of the same process in parallel in a way that efficiently uses
all the available hardware while respecting the dependencies of each stage upon the previous
stages. In the laundry example, the stages are washing, drying, and folding. By starting a wash
stage as soon as the previous wash stage is moved to the dryer, the idle time of the washer is
minimized. Notice that the wash stage takes less time than the dry stage, so the wash stage must
remain idle until the dry stage finishes: the steady state throughput of the pipeline is limited by
the slowest stage in the pipeline. This can be mitigated by breaking up the bottleneck stage into
smaller sub-stages. For those less concerned with laundry-based examples, consider a video
game. The CPU computes the keyboard/mouse input each frame and moves the camera
accordingly, then the GPU takes that information and actually renders the scene; meanwhile, the
CPU has already begun calculating what\'s going to happen in the next frame.
How Pipelining will done:
In class, we mentioned that interpreting each computer instruction is a four step process: fetching
the instruction, decoding it and reading the register, executing it, and recording the results. Each
instruction may take 4 cycles to complete, but if our throughput is one instruction each cycle,
then we would like to perform, on average, $n$ instructions every $n$ cycles. To accomplish
this, we can split up an instruction\'s work into the 4 different steps so that other pieces of
hardware work to decode, execute, and record results while the CPU performs the fetch. The
latency to process each instruction is fixed at 4 cycles, so by processing a new instruction every
cycle, after four cycles, one instruction has been completed and three are \"in progress\" (they\'re
in the pipeline). After many cycles the steady state throughput approaches one completed
instruction every cycle.
An assembly line in a auto manufacturing plant is another good example of a pipelined process.
There are many steps in the assembly of the car, each of which is assigned a stage in the pipeline.
Typically the depth of these pipelines is very large: cars are pretty complex, so there need to be a
lot of stages in the assembly line. The more stages, the longer it takes to crank the system up to a
steady state. The larger the depth, the more costly it is to turn the system around: A branch
misprediction in an instruction pipeline would be like getting one of the steps wrong in the
assembly line: all the cars affected would have to go back to the beginning of the assembly line
and be processed again.
OnLive Example[Realtime]:
OnLive is a company that allows gamers to play video games in the cloud. The games are run on
one of the company\'s server farms, and video of the game is sent back to your computer. The
idea is that even the lamest of computers can run the most highly intensive games because all the
computer does .
main.cpp #include iostream #include iomanip #include S.pdf
main.cpp
#include
#include
#include \"SwimmingPool.h\"
using namespace std;
void printMainMenu();
void printPoolVolume();
void printGetPoolDimensions(bool);
void printHasDimensions();
void checkDimensions();
void printError();
void printPoolDimensions();
double editValue(double);
void printGetFillRate();
void printGetDrainRate();
void printAddWater();
void printDrainRate();
void printFillRate();
char printWantwer();
SwimmingPool pool;
int _response;
int _numResponses;
double _length;
double _width;
double _depth;
//double _currentwerVolume;
double _drainRate;
double _fillRate;
bool _end;
char _newValue[5];
int main()
{
int fillTime;
int drainTime;
double drained;
// Set output style and precision
cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2);
// Main program loop
// ends when _end==true
while (!_end)
{
// Prints main option list
printMainMenu();
// Switch based on response
switch (_response)
{
// Sets pool dimensions
case 1:
if (pool.hasDimensions())
printHasDimensions();
else
{
printPoolDimensions();
printPoolVolume();
}
break;
// Prints pool dimensions
case 2:
printGetPoolDimensions(false);
system(\"pause\");
break;
// Prints fill rate
case 3:
printGetFillRate();
break;
// Prints drain rate
case 4:
printGetDrainRate();
break;
// Determine water need to fill pool to capacity
case 5:
checkDimensions();
if (!pool.hasWater())
cout << \"\ The pool is currently empty\";
else
{
cout << \" The pool currently has \"
<< pool.getwerVolume()
<< \" units\"
<< endl;
}
cout << \"\ \ Water needed: \"
<< pool.getFillAmount(pool.getwerVolume())
<< \" units of water\ \ \";
system(\"pause\");
break;
// Determine time required to fill pool at rate
case 6:
if (!pool.hasDimensions())
{
cout << \" Pool dimensions not yet entered.\ \";
printGetPoolDimensions(false);
}
if (pool.getFillRate() <= 0)
printGetFillRate();
cout << \"\ Time to fill pool: \"
<< pool.getFillTime()
<< endl
<< endl;
system(\"pause\");
break;
// Determine time required to drain pool at rate
case 7:
checkDimensions();
if (_drainRate <= 0)
printGetDrainRate();
if (!pool.hasWater())
{
char response = printWantwer();
while (response != \'y\' && response != \'n\')
{
printError();
response = printWantwer();
}
if (response == \'y\')
printAddWater();
else
break;;
}
cout << \"\ Time to drain pool: \"
<< pool.getDrainTime()
<< endl
<< endl;
system(\"pause\");
break;
case 8:
checkDimensions();
if (pool.getFillRate() <= 0)
printGetFillRate();
else
printFillRate();
cout << \"\ Enter fill time: \";
cin >> fillTime;
pool.setFillTime(fillTime);
pool.setwerVolume(pool.getwerVolume() + pool.fill());
cout << endl
<< pool.fill()
<< \" units of water were added to the pool\ \ \"
<< \" The pool now contains \"
<< pool.getwerVolume()
<< \" units of water\ \ \";
system(\"pause\");
break;
case 9:
checkDimensions();
if (pool.getDrainRate() <= 0)
printGetDrainRate();
else
printDrainRate();
cout << \"\ Enter drain time: \";
cin >> drainTime;
pool.setDrainTime(drainTime);
if (!pool.hasWater())
{
char response = printWantwe.
12). Choose the letter designation that represent homozygous recessi.pdf
12). Choose the letter designation that represent homozygous recessive genotypte?
c. ee
As there are always two letters in the genotype because one code for the trait come from materal
and other code for the trait comes from paternal oraganism, so every organism has two codes (
letters ). The two lowercase letters in the genotype referred as homozygous recessive genotype(
ee). The term pure may also used in place of homozygous.
13). Daughter nuclei form from each parent cell during
a. Telophase I and telophase II
In both at each pole, a daughter nucleus with nuclear membrane( from ER) and nucleolus( from
SAT chromosome) is formedand also there is disappearance of astral rays and spindle fibres.
14). The diploid human cell has _ chromosomes.
- 46
The diploid number is abbreviated as 2n because of the presence of twice the amount of
chromosomes as a haploid cell. The haploid cell has a total of 23 chromosomes while the diploid
cell has 46 chromosomes.
15). Choose all that are true about genes
- genes are located on chromosomes
- genes are units of inheritence about heritable trait
- genes are arranged in a linear sequence on a chromosome
- each gene has its own location,in one type of chromosome
16).Mendal theory of independent assortment states that
a. genes for different traits are randomly distributed to gametes during meiosis.
17). Pairs of homologus chromosomes exist
a. during meiosis I
It is a special type of division in which chromosomes duplicate only once, but cell divides twice.
So one parental cell produces 4 daughter cells.
18). Alternate forms of genes are called_
- alleles
19). The physical appearance of an individual is referrred to as its
b. Phenotype
20). The genetic make- up of an individual is referred to as its
a.Genotype
21). Why the sexual reproduction benefit for the organism?
all of these are true.
22). The various forms of particular gene are called
b. alleles
Solution
12). Choose the letter designation that represent homozygous recessive genotypte?
c. ee
As there are always two letters in the genotype because one code for the trait come from materal
and other code for the trait comes from paternal oraganism, so every organism has two codes (
letters ). The two lowercase letters in the genotype referred as homozygous recessive genotype(
ee). The term pure may also used in place of homozygous.
13). Daughter nuclei form from each parent cell during
a. Telophase I and telophase II
In both at each pole, a daughter nucleus with nuclear membrane( from ER) and nucleolus( from
SAT chromosome) is formedand also there is disappearance of astral rays and spindle fibres.
14). The diploid human cell has _ chromosomes.
- 46
The diploid number is abbreviated as 2n because of the presence of twice the amount of
chromosomes as a haploid cell. The haploid cell has a total of 23 chromosomes while the diploid
cell has 46 chromosomes.
15). Choose all that are true about genes
- genes are located on chromosomes
- genes are units of inheriten.
1. The laboratory findings and symptoms described are suggestive of .pdf
1. The laboratory findings and symptoms described are suggestive of Shigellosis. Shigella sp. are
facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram negative bacilli belonging to the
family Enterobacteriaceae. The incubation period, although variable from 12 hours to a week, is
typically 1-3 days. Hemorrhagic colitis (causing bloody diarrhea) and severe abdominal cramps
are characteristic findings.
2. Secondary outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea) are quite common in
Shigellosis; food-borne transmission from improper hygiene being the most common cause.
3. The pathogen, being a facultative anaerobe, survives well in foods like salads, dips, shredded
vegetables, etc. It is most commonly transmitted from an infected individual by ingestion
through contaminated food and water, or direct contact.
4. The primary outbreak could have been stopped by securing the source of the infection;
Shigella do not survive for long outside the host and infections are usually from a concentrated,
point source.
Proper hygiene is the easiest way to prevent Shigellosis; any individual suspected of infection
must not be allowed to handle food preparation. Water used for washing ingredients and utensils
must meet microbial standards. People who handle food preparation must follow strict hygienic
measures.
Solution
1. The laboratory findings and symptoms described are suggestive of Shigellosis. Shigella sp. are
facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram negative bacilli belonging to the
family Enterobacteriaceae. The incubation period, although variable from 12 hours to a week, is
typically 1-3 days. Hemorrhagic colitis (causing bloody diarrhea) and severe abdominal cramps
are characteristic findings.
2. Secondary outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea) are quite common in
Shigellosis; food-borne transmission from improper hygiene being the most common cause.
3. The pathogen, being a facultative anaerobe, survives well in foods like salads, dips, shredded
vegetables, etc. It is most commonly transmitted from an infected individual by ingestion
through contaminated food and water, or direct contact.
4. The primary outbreak could have been stopped by securing the source of the infection;
Shigella do not survive for long outside the host and infections are usually from a concentrated,
point source.
Proper hygiene is the easiest way to prevent Shigellosis; any individual suspected of infection
must not be allowed to handle food preparation. Water used for washing ingredients and utensils
must meet microbial standards. People who handle food preparation must follow strict hygienic
measures..
95. E. All of these.96. A. Cooperation in social species transfers.pdf
95. E. All of these.
96. A. Cooperation in social species transfers selection for fitness from the level of group to the
level of organsisms .
97. D. Decrease early mortality of some individuals.
98. C. Tall humans.
100. A Tree - With many branches representing different groups of related organisms.
Solution
95. E. All of these.
96. A. Cooperation in social species transfers selection for fitness from the level of group to the
level of organsisms .
97. D. Decrease early mortality of some individuals.
98. C. Tall humans.
100. A Tree - With many branches representing different groups of related organisms..
It is caused by taking several very deep breaths, or hyperventilatin.pdf
It is caused by taking several very deep breaths, or hyperventilating, just before a dive. Thus
hyperventilating and blowing off excess carbon dioxide, the swimmer loses that respiratory
drive, and because of depleted oxygen reserves, shallow water blackout occurs (It is a loss of
consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold dive in water). A loss
of consciousness underwater can trigger him to almost sink.
Solution
It is caused by taking several very deep breaths, or hyperventilating, just before a dive. Thus
hyperventilating and blowing off excess carbon dioxide, the swimmer loses that respiratory
drive, and because of depleted oxygen reserves, shallow water blackout occurs (It is a loss of
consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold dive in water). A loss
of consciousness underwater can trigger him to almost sink..
1. Breathing is the very important phenomenon of our body. All the p.pdf
1. Breathing is the very important phenomenon of our body. All the parts of our body needs
oxygen to survive and carry out the various physical process. The most important part of
breathing is cellular respiration. When we breathe our cells get oxygen and later this oxygen
helps to make cellular energy i.e ATP. Cells perform this action of making ATP by completely
breaking down glucose into carbon dioxide(this is what we breathe out) and water. During
glycolysis when the glucose molecule is breaks down then two ATP molecules is formed along
with pyruvic acid. This pyruvic acid later gets transformed into acetyl-CoA. During this process
CO2 is produced. During Krebs Cycle more ATP is produced and more CO2. So the CO2 which
we breathe out is produced in our cells. The cardiovascular system plays a very important role in
facilitating breathing. The circulatory system and the respiratory system works together. Heart
and lungs connected to each other via pulmonary arteries and veins. So when deoxygenated
blood (blood cells carrying CO2) enters the right atrium it flows into the right ventricle. When
the heart contracts the blood is pumped towards the lungs via pulmonary arteries. The alveolar
lining in the lungs undergo the exchange process where the carbon dioxide is released into the
waste air and oxygen is taken up by the blood cells. After oxygenation the blood is circulated
back to pulmonary veins and from there it reaches the left atrium. From left atrium it passes in
the left ventricles and from there the oxygen rich blood is passed to the rest of the body through
aorta. Hence breathing is a very crucial process.
Solution
1. Breathing is the very important phenomenon of our body. All the parts of our body needs
oxygen to survive and carry out the various physical process. The most important part of
breathing is cellular respiration. When we breathe our cells get oxygen and later this oxygen
helps to make cellular energy i.e ATP. Cells perform this action of making ATP by completely
breaking down glucose into carbon dioxide(this is what we breathe out) and water. During
glycolysis when the glucose molecule is breaks down then two ATP molecules is formed along
with pyruvic acid. This pyruvic acid later gets transformed into acetyl-CoA. During this process
CO2 is produced. During Krebs Cycle more ATP is produced and more CO2. So the CO2 which
we breathe out is produced in our cells. The cardiovascular system plays a very important role in
facilitating breathing. The circulatory system and the respiratory system works together. Heart
and lungs connected to each other via pulmonary arteries and veins. So when deoxygenated
blood (blood cells carrying CO2) enters the right atrium it flows into the right ventricle. When
the heart contracts the blood is pumped towards the lungs via pulmonary arteries. The alveolar
lining in the lungs undergo the exchange process where the carbon dioxide is released into the
waste air and oxygen is taken up by the bl.
1) Prosi) You dont have to give any fees or share your profit wit.pdf
1) Pros:
i) You dont have to give any fees or share your profit with the mutual funds.
Cons:
i) You will be exposed to more risk as while investing in individual stocks or bonds you will be
exposed to all the risks associated with those stocks and bonds.
ii) Risk management will not be properly done .
iii) You have to dedicate a lot of time to undertand the company you want to invest in.
2) Alpha Risk: It is the risk of you active return being zero or even negative.An investor would
expect an excess return against the benchmark if he is taking more risk in terms of volatility.
Beta Risk: It represents the systematic risk that is the volatility associated with the portfolio as
compared to a benchmark.
Beta risk can be used through diversification.
3)The most important factor was that the common household started investing in the financial
assets such as stocks and bonds through professionally managed funds for better return.Before
this most of the investments were made in lands or golds.
Secondly the returns from more traditional investments like land and golds started declining.
Thirdly more and more companies started raising money through IPOs.
4) Charesteristics of an average investor in mutual funds in 2009:
i) Limited knowledge about financial markets.
ii) Didn\'t knew the diversifiaction benefits.
iii) After the crash of 2008, they were scared to invest directly into stocks and bonds.
Solution
1) Pros:
i) You dont have to give any fees or share your profit with the mutual funds.
Cons:
i) You will be exposed to more risk as while investing in individual stocks or bonds you will be
exposed to all the risks associated with those stocks and bonds.
ii) Risk management will not be properly done .
iii) You have to dedicate a lot of time to undertand the company you want to invest in.
2) Alpha Risk: It is the risk of you active return being zero or even negative.An investor would
expect an excess return against the benchmark if he is taking more risk in terms of volatility.
Beta Risk: It represents the systematic risk that is the volatility associated with the portfolio as
compared to a benchmark.
Beta risk can be used through diversification.
3)The most important factor was that the common household started investing in the financial
assets such as stocks and bonds through professionally managed funds for better return.Before
this most of the investments were made in lands or golds.
Secondly the returns from more traditional investments like land and golds started declining.
Thirdly more and more companies started raising money through IPOs.
4) Charesteristics of an average investor in mutual funds in 2009:
i) Limited knowledge about financial markets.
ii) Didn\'t knew the diversifiaction benefits.
iii) After the crash of 2008, they were scared to invest directly into stocks and bonds..
Remember Opposite charges attract one other and .pdf
Remember: Opposite charges attract one other and like charges repel one another.
Remember: atoms \"like\" to exist in their lowest energy configuration. Remember: the potential
energy of like charges increases with distance. The orbital energy describes the (electrical)
potential energy between the nucleus (one or more protons) and an electron. This means that we
can quantify the attraction between a proton and an electron. However, this calculation is too
simplistic. Electrons also repel one another! Because electrons repel one other, we must consider
the effect of electron repulsion when calculating the energy of an atom. If we consider only
orbital energy, we would assume that the orbitals closest to the nucleus would always fill up first.
But due to electron repulsion, sometimes orbitals further from the nucleus fill up before orbitals
that are closer to the nucleus. This explains why, when we write out electron configurations [i.g.
see electron configurations of potassium (K) through titanium (Ti)], sometimes the orbitals
aren\'t filled in ascending order. Due to electron repulsion, the total energy of the atom is lower
when the 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell.
Solution
Remember: Opposite charges attract one other and like charges repel one another.
Remember: atoms \"like\" to exist in their lowest energy configuration. Remember: the potential
energy of like charges increases with distance. The orbital energy describes the (electrical)
potential energy between the nucleus (one or more protons) and an electron. This means that we
can quantify the attraction between a proton and an electron. However, this calculation is too
simplistic. Electrons also repel one another! Because electrons repel one other, we must consider
the effect of electron repulsion when calculating the energy of an atom. If we consider only
orbital energy, we would assume that the orbitals closest to the nucleus would always fill up first.
But due to electron repulsion, sometimes orbitals further from the nucleus fill up before orbitals
that are closer to the nucleus. This explains why, when we write out electron configurations [i.g.
see electron configurations of potassium (K) through titanium (Ti)], sometimes the orbitals
aren\'t filled in ascending order. Due to electron repulsion, the total energy of the atom is lower
when the 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell..
#include avrinterrupt.h The global interrupt flag is maintained.pdf
#include //The global interrupt flag is maintained in the I bit of the status register (SREG).
#include //This header file includes the apropriate IO definitions for the device that has been
specified by the -mmcu= compiler command-line switch. This is done by diverting to the
appropriate file which should never be included directly. Some register names common to all
AVR devices are defined directly within , which is included in , but most of the details come
from the respective include file.
#include //The functions in this header file are wrappers around the basic busy-wait functions
from . They are meant as convenience functions where actual time values can be specified rather
than a number of cycles to wait for. The idea behind is that compile-time constant expressions
will be eliminated by compiler optimization so floating-point expressions can be used to
calculate the number of delay cycles needed based on the CPU frequency passed by the macro
F_CPU.
#include \"oi.h\"//This header file includes the apropriate IO definitions
//the #define directive allows the definition of macros within your source code. These macro
definitions allow constant values to be declared for use throughout your code. Macro definitions
are not variables and cannot be changed by your program code like variables.
#define USB 1
#define CR8 2 // toggle between usb and create on CM serial processor
//Methods used in program
void setSerial(uint8_t com);
uint8_t getSerialDestination(void);/*------------------------built in, sends back Serial Destination*/
void writeChar(char c, uint8_t com);/*------------ --taken from command modual manual. sends
data to computer via the USB cable*/
void delay(void);/* Checks the delayed period*/
void byteTx(uint8_t value);/*Transmit a byte over the serial port*/
void Init_Uart(void);/* Initialize the values */
uint8_t byteRx(void);/*------------------------------reads from the serial port*/
//This is main method for the program
void main(void)
{
uint8_t rx_data;
Init_Uart();
/* Writing the character by character using the while loop */
while(1)
{
writeChar(\'H\',USB);
writeChar(\'e\',USB);
writeChar(\'l\',USB);
writeChar(\'l\',USB);
writeChar(\'o\',USB);
writeChar(\' \',USB);
writeChar(\'W\',USB);
writeChar(\'o\',USB);
writeChar(\'r\',USB);
writeChar(\'l\',USB);
writeChar(\'d\',USB);
writeChar(\'!\',USB);
}
}
/*Initialize the values */
void Init_Uart(void)
{
UBRR0 = 59;
UCSR0B = 0x18;
UCSR0C = 0x06;
DDRB = 0X10;
PORTB = 0X10;
}
/*Used to check the delayed time */
void delay(void)
{
int i=0,j=0;
for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=1000;j++)
{
}
}
}
//****************************************************************************
****************
/*the following three functions came directly from the command module manual
they change the flow of data so that when byteTx is called it sends data
from the create to the computer through the USB cable. when it is done sending
data it returns the com port to its original state, giving commands to .
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