The document outlines the fundamentals of research methodology, emphasizing its importance in academic pursuits and problem-solving. It details the steps involved in conducting research, including selecting a subject, formulating research questions, and adhering to the MLA formatting guidelines for papers and citations. The MLA guidelines cover document formatting, in-text citations, and creating a works cited page, ensuring proper acknowledgment of sources in the liberal arts and humanities.

1. MLA
Research
Methodology
Handbook- Ninth Edition

2. Research Methodology
What is Research?
Research is a way of Exploring,
Asking questions
Finding Answers
Solving problems
It is a systematic effort to gain knowledge.

3. Research Methodology
Importance of research?
To get a degree
To solve the unsolved
To have intellectual joy /creative work

4. Research Methodology
Steps of research
 Chose a subject :
Based on an idea
Based on your experience
Based on your reading
Originality

5. Steps of research
 Research question
 Literature search
Read the original
Read articles
 Prepare a synopsis
 Use a format
MLA format
 Confine to the demands by the university

6. Steps of research
 Research question
 Literature search
Read the original
Read articles
 Prepare a synopsis
 Use a format
MLA format
 Confine to the demands by the university

7. What is MLA?
01
MLA
The MLA (Modern Language Association)
is an organization that provides guidelines for formatting
papers and citing research sources within the liberal arts
and humanities.

8. ● MLA regulates:
 Document format
 In-text citations
 Works-cited list
New Tetament
MLA 9

9.  Use standard-sized paper, 8 ½ x 11 inches.
 Use an easily readable font (e.g., Times New Roman,
12 pt.)
 All margins (top, bottom, and sides) should be one inch
wide.
 Type the paper double-spaced.
Document format
MLA

10.  Indent the first line of each paragraph five spaces or 1/2”.
 There is no separate title page
 Number each page in the upper right corner, ½ inch from
the top of the page
 Include your last name + page number. Eg. Smith 2
 Title case capitalization for headings.Eg. Mysticism and
Reality
Document format
MLA

12. ● Italicized Titles
Titles of books, plays, websites, online databases,
films, magazines, journals, etc.
Example: Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet will be presented
at the College Theater in October.
Document format
MLA

13. ● Titles in quotation marks:
● Use quotation marks for titles of works published within a
larger work:
○ Titles of essays,
○ Poems,
○ An article in a journal,
○ A short story in a collection,
○ A chapter in a book,
○ A webpage on a larger website, etc.
Document format
MLA
Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading
Primo Levi Reading Dante.” The Georgia Review,
vol. 64, no. 1, spring 2010, pp. 69-88. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/41403188.

14. Works Cited page
 The Works Cited list is included on a separate page at the end of
your paper.
 Place the title “Works Cited” in the center at the top of the page.
 Alphabetical order
 Don’t include sources that weren’t cited in the paper
 Hanging indent (each line after the first should be indented ½ inch)

15. Works Cited
Adams, Amanda. Citing Sources: How to Cite a Book. Academic Press, 2019.
Barnes, Barney. “A Chapter in an Edited Collection.” A Book of Examples, edited by John
Smith, Academic Press, 2019, pp. 25–35.
Cox, Christopher, and Brian D. Smith. “The Title of the Article.” Website Name, 15 Sept.
2019, www.scribbr.com/page.
Dayton, Daniels, and Bob Matthew Williams. “Journal Article Title.” Journal of Academic
Research, vol. 32, no. 15, 2014, pp. 232–265,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449.
Fox, Ferdinant, et al. The Basics of Citing in MLA Style. 2nd ed., Scribbr Press, 2008.

17. Works Cited entry

18. Works Cited entry
Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Edition, Publisher, Year of
publication.
Smith, Thomas. The Citation Manual for Students: A Quick Guide.
2nd ed., Wiley, 2020.

19. Gore, Albert. An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of
Global Warming and What We Can Do About It. Rodale,
2006.
In-text citation: (Gore 32)
Book with Single Author

20. Michaels, Patrick, and Robert Balling. The Satanic Gases:
Clearing the Air About Global Warming. Cato Institute,2000.
In-text citation: (Michaels and Balling 107)
Book with Two Authors:

21. Charon,Rita, et al.The Principles and Narratives. Oxford UP, 2017.
In-text citation: (Charon107)
Book with Three or more Authors:

22. Galley, Krista, editor. Global Climate Change and Wildlife in
North America. Wildlife Society, 2004.
In-text citation: (Galley 125)
Book with Editor as Author:

23. MLA Handbook. 9th ed. Modern Language Association of
America, 2021.
Books with multiple editions

24. “Climate Change.” United States Environmental Protection Agency,
9 Aug. 2016, www.epa.gov/climatechange/. Accessed 16
Aug. 2016.
In-text citation: (“Climate Change”)
Website:

25. Connell, R. W., and James W. Messerschmidt. “Hegemonic
Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender and Society,
vol. 19, no. 6, 2005, pp. 829–59.
In-text citation:(Connell and James)
Article in a scholarly journal

26. Othello. Directed by Stuart Burge, performances by Laurence
Olivier, et al. Warner Home Video, 2007.
In-text citation: (Othello)
A Film :

27. EX: (Author quoted but not named in text)
At the school of the Bobadilla sisters, older girls were taught how to
sew, knit, crochet, and read, “but they will not learn how to write, so
that even if they receive a love letter, they will not be able to write
one back” (Alvarez 16).
Parenthetical citation

28. Author named in text with a quote
Joseph Campbell regards the myth as “living inspiration of whatever
else may have appeared out of the activities of the human body and
mind” (1).
Parenthetical citation