The document discusses modern IT governance using AWS tools and services. It describes how AWS provides capabilities to help answer key governance questions like what resources are in use, how they are performing, who controls them, and if they are secure and compliant. AWS services like Config, CloudWatch, and IAM can provide transparency into infrastructure and help ensure the right access and change management processes are followed. The document advocates automating governance using tools like CloudFormation to bake security and compliance into DevOps pipelines.