modalverbs 3.ppt

1. Modal verbs
Modal verbs
Meanings and use
Meanings and use

2. Main modal verbs
Main modal verbs
Must
Must
Have to
Have to
Ought to
Ought to
Need to
Need to
Should
Should
Can/ could
Can/ could
May/might
May/might

3. Main values / meanings
Main values / meanings
Must – obligation imposed by the
Must – obligation imposed by the
speaker
speaker
Have to – obligation imposed by a
Have to – obligation imposed by a
situation (external obligation)
situation (external obligation)
Ought to – moral obligation
Ought to – moral obligation
denoting a duty, advice or a
denoting a duty, advice or a
reasonable action
reasonable action

4. Need to – necessity
Need to – necessity
Should – suggestion, advice
Should – suggestion, advice
Can – possibility
Can – possibility
- ability
- ability
- permission
- permission
Could – past possibility, ability, permission
Could – past possibility, ability, permission
- present conditional ( politeness)
- present conditional ( politeness)
May – possibility
May – possibility
- permission
- permission
Might – possibility (higher degree of doubt)
Might – possibility (higher degree of doubt)
- polite suggestion
- polite suggestion

5. Affirmative / negative differences
Affirmative / negative differences
Have to (obligation) /vs/ don’t have to
Have to (obligation) /vs/ don’t have to
(lack of obligation)
(lack of obligation)
Must (obligation) /vs/ mustn’t
Must (obligation) /vs/ mustn’t
(prohibition)
(prohibition)
Need to (necessity) /vs/ don’t need to
Need to (necessity) /vs/ don’t need to
(lack of necessity)
(lack of necessity)
Can (possibility) /vs/ can’t (impossibility
Can (possibility) /vs/ can’t (impossibility

6. Student worksheet 1
Student worksheet 1
Modals and Related Expressions
Modals and Related Expressions
must have to
must have to
1. I ……….be at the meeting by 10:00. I will
1. I ……….be at the meeting by 10:00. I will
probably ………..take a taxi if I want to be on time.
probably ………..take a taxi if I want to be on time.
2. You ………..submit the application if it has not
2. You ………..submit the application if it has not
been completely filled out. Check that the name,
been completely filled out. Check that the name,
address, and background information are correct.
address, and background information are correct.
3. A: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But,
3. A: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But,
there's no card. Who could have sent them?
there's no card. Who could have sent them?
B: It ………have been David. He's the only one who
B: It ………have been David. He's the only one who
would send you flowers.
would send you flowers.

7. 4. You ……….forget to pay the rent
4. You ……….forget to pay the rent
tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about
tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about
paying on time.
paying on time.
5. You ………….. be so rude! Why don't
5. You ………….. be so rude! Why don't
you try saying "please" once in a while.
you try saying "please" once in a while.
6. If you are over 18 in California, you
6. If you are over 18 in California, you
……. take a driver training course to get a
……. take a driver training course to get a
driver's license.
driver's license.
7. You …………be rich to be a success.
7. You …………be rich to be a success.
Some of the most successful people I
Some of the most successful people I
know haven't got a penny to their name.
know haven't got a penny to their name.

8. Worksheet 2
Worksheet 2
might should must
might should must
1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her
1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her
anything for her birthday, but I really think you
anything for her birthday, but I really think you
……………at least get her some flowers or a
……………at least get her some flowers or a
nice bottle of wine.
nice bottle of wine.
2. Debbie said she was really busy this week,
2. Debbie said she was really busy this week,
but I think she …………… show up at the party if
but I think she …………… show up at the party if
she doesn't have to work overtime on Friday.
she doesn't have to work overtime on Friday.
3. Nina said she would come over right after
3. Nina said she would come over right after
work, so she …………. be here by 6:00.
work, so she …………. be here by 6:00.
4. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't move
4. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't move
him - he ……….. have internal injuries.
him - he ……….. have internal injuries.
Somebody call an ambulance.
Somebody call an ambulance.

9. 5. You ……………be kidding! That can't
5. You ……………be kidding! That can't
be true.
be true.
6. A: Where's the remote control? I want to
6. A: Where's the remote control? I want to
change the channel.
change the channel.
B: I don't know. It …………..be under
B: I don't know. It …………..be under
the couch. Or, perhaps I took it into the
the couch. Or, perhaps I took it into the
kitchen. I'll check in there.
kitchen. I'll check in there.
7. Experts agree that to speak a language
7. Experts agree that to speak a language
fluently, you …………..practice the
fluently, you …………..practice the
language regularly.
language regularly.

10. Worksheet 3
Worksheet 3
Must / mustn’t need to/don’t need to
Must / mustn’t need to/don’t need to
should/shouldn’t
should/shouldn’t
1 George has travelled a lot. He …………speak many
1 George has travelled a lot. He …………speak many
languages.
languages.
2 I can hear you quite well. You ……………. not shout.
2 I can hear you quite well. You ……………. not shout.
3 I´m not sure where I go for my holidays but I …………
3 I´m not sure where I go for my holidays but I …………
go to Italy.
go to Italy.
4 She ………… ride her bike at night without lights. It's
4 She ………… ride her bike at night without lights. It's
forbidden.
forbidden.
5 She……………. not eat so much chocolate because
5 She……………. not eat so much chocolate because
it's bad for her figure.
it's bad for her figure.
6 I ………….to listen to him.
6 I ………….to listen to him.
7 It's later than I thought. I ………….. go now.
7 It's later than I thought. I ………….. go now.

11. Additional activities
Additional activities