n which case academic recognition may, or may not be, a significant motive. Intellectual conflict is a subclass of cultural conflict,[1] a conflict that tends to grow over time due to different cultural values and beliefs. Conflict in a group often follows a specific course. Routine group interaction is first disrupted by an initial conflict within the group, often caused by internal differences of opinion, disagreements between its members, or scarcity of resources available to the group. At this point, the group is no longer united, and may split into coalitions. This period of conflict escalation in some cases gives way to a conflict resolution stage, after which the group can eventually return to routine group interaction or split. Definitions M. Afzalur, a professor at Western Kentucky University,[2] notes there is no single universally accepted definition of conflict.[3] He notes that one issue of contention is whether the conflict is a situation or a type of behaviour.[4] Citing a review of definitions of organizational conflicts in 1990 by Robert A. Baron,[5] Afzalur notes that all definitions of conflict include known opposing interests and the process of trying to stop the opposing view or views. Building on that, the proposed definition of conflict by Afzalur is "an interactive process manifested in incompatibility, disagreement or dissonance within or between social entities." Afzalur also notes that a conflict may be limited to one individual, who is conflicted within himself (the intrapersonal conflict). Afzalur lists some manifestations of conflict behavior, starting with disagreement followed by verbal abuse and interference.[2] Another definition of conflict is proposed by Michael Nicholson, professor of Internal Relation at the University of Sussex,[6] who defines it as an activity which takes place when conscious beings (individuals or groups) wish to carry out mutually inconsistent acts concerning their wants, needs or obligations.[7] Conflict is an escalation of a disagreement, which is its common prerequisite, and is characterized by the existence of conflict behavior, in which the beings are actively trying to damage one another.[7] A key player in inter-group relations and conflict is the collective sentiment a person's own group (in-group) feels toward another group (out-group). These inter-group emotions are usually negative, and range in intensity from feelings of discomfort when interacting with a member of a certain other group to full on hatred for another group and its members. For example, in Fischer's organizational research at the University of Oxford, inter-group conflict was so 'heated' that it became mutually destructive and intractable, resulting in organizational collapse.[8][9] Out-group-directed emotions can be expressed both verbally and non-verbally, and according to the stereotype content model, are dictated by two dimensions: the perceived warmth (friendliness) and competence of the other group

3. Situation 1
You are invited to go to the mall with a new group of
friends from school. You don't know them that well,
but are excited that they included you in their plans.
When you go into a crowded music store, you think
you see one of them slip a CD into a pocket without
paying and they want you to do it, too. You are scared
and know that it is wrong, but you don't want to seem
uncool. You don't know what to do. What type of
conflict is this?
A. Man vs Man
B. Man vs Self
C. Man vs Society
D. Man vs. Nature

4. Your friend tells you a secret in absolute
confidence. You don't really mean to, but you
tell another friend. Soon the whole school
seems to know what your friend's secret is.
Your friend is really mad at you. Your friend
confronts you and both get mad and start
yelling at each other. Now you are both mad.
What type of conflict is this? How would you
possibly resolve the situation?
Situation 2

5. Situation 3
You and your best friend have always played soccer
together on a team. You both try out for the school's
varsity team. You make it and your friend doesn't. At
first your friend claims not to care, but you soon
realize your friend is very angry. Your friend doesn't
want to spend as much time together as you used to,
and, of course, you have daily practices and games
your friend doesn't attend. You consider quitting the
team. Or do you? How does the situation resolve?

6. Situation 4
Your little sister (or brother)
can be a real pain. Whenever
you have friends over, she
wants to do everything with
you. She annoys you by
following you around,
interrupting when you're
talking, and demanding a turn
in everything you do. It is very
hard to find some privacy with
your friends when she is
around. How do you resolve
the situation?

7. Situation 5
Decide which type of
conflict is the main conflict
in the novel you are
currently reading.

8. Someone
bumps into you
on crowded
sidewalk. Do
you apologize?
Situation 6

9. Situation 7

10.  A sore loser is
someone who loses in
a fair competition but
whines about it on a
constant basis,
blaming everyone
around them for their
loss except
themselves.
Have you
ever been
called a sore
loser?

11. SORE LOSER AWARD

13. “Conflict is inevitable,
combat is optional”

14. NEGATIVE
INVERSION

15. I had never seen such a beautiful sunset .
Never had I seen such a beautiful sunset.
Negative inversion

16. Negative inversion
Never, Seldom, Rarely, Hardly, Barely, Scarcely
Auxiliary verb BEFORE the subject
Barely had the professor started his lecture when the fire
alarm went off.
He rarely thought about other people’s feelings.
Rarely did he think about other people’s feelings.

17. Only + prepositional phrase
He discussed his personal life only with his close
friends.
Only with his close friends did he discuss his
personal life.
Only after years of practice, could he play the
piano so beautifully.
Negative inversion

18. Negative inversion
Under no circumstances can you smoke in this
apartment.
In no way was the accident your fault.
(The accident was not your fault.)
Little did I know at that moment that my life was about
to change forever.
(I did not know at that moment that my life was about to
change forever.)

19. Negative inversion
Conditionals
1. Should you require any further information, call
our office in Green Street. (If you should require
any further information, call our office in Green
Street. )
2. Had I known about it sooner, I would have acted
differently. (If I had known about it sooner, I
would have acted differently. )