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1. Dr. Vinoth Kumar V

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Roadways as primary mode
Road transport means transportation of goods and personnel from one
place to the other on roads.
Road transport is the most used of all the transport services available in the
industry with the best freight delivery services
Even if we use air/water/train transport for transporting goods, you must
still use road transport for delivering them to their precise destination.
That’s the reason the Roadways are acting as the primary mode of all
transport.

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Roadways as primary mode
Roads were established first, as steam rail technology only became available
by the 18th century
 Many modern roads are established and developed from network structure
established historically.
Ex: Silk Route- linking Europe & Asia by 100 BC
 Heavy vehicles demands the construction of better roads & bridges to
support the additional weight.

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Factors influencing Roadways
 Fuel costs
 Demand for freight
 Vehicle capacity
 Government regulation
 Customer Ease

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ROADWAYS NETWORK

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ROADWAYS - Fleet
Light goods vehicles
Medium-weight
goods vehicles
Heavy goods
vehicles
e.g. distribution of
parcels, courier services,
light-weight, private
furniture transport
e.g. construction site
supply, waste collection,
Medium weight,
distribution of general
cargo
e.g. connection of large
hubs, heavy or long
goods

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Roadways Cost
Imputed interest
Maintenance, insurance,
tax, administration
FIXED COSTS
Staff
Imputed depreciation
Repairs
VARIABLE COSTS
Fuel
Tyres
Time Bound Distance bound
Toll

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Advantages of Road Transport
 Less Capital
Door to Door Service
 Service in Rural Areas
 Flexible Service
 Suitable for Short Distance
Lesser Risk of Damage in Transit
Saving in Packing Cost
Multimodal options

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Disadvantages of Road Transport
 Vulnerable to Season and Weather Impacts
 Frequent Accidents and Breakdowns
 Not the Best Option for Long Distance and Heavy Cargo
 Slow Speed-depends on infrastructure
Saving in Packing Cost
Multimodal options

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Challenges of Roadways
Road transport modes have limited potential to achieve economies of scale due to
the size and weight constraints
 Governments jurisdictions on trucks weight and length restrictions, which are
imposed for safety reasons,
 Intensive road use by heavy trucks damage road infrastructure and increase
maintenance costs
Road transportation is characterized by acute geographical disparities in traffic. It
is not uncommon that 20% of the road network supports 60 to 80% of the traffic.
 This observation is expanded by the fact that societies have important differences
in terms of the density, capacity, and quality of their road transport infrastructures,
mainly due to their level of development

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Challenges of Roadways
 The growth of freight traffic is increasing road congestion, and in many cities, concerns are being
raised about the presence of trucks.
Already, restrictions are in place on truck dimensions and weights in certain parts of cities, and
there are growing pressures to limiting truck access to non-daylight hours.
 Certain highways exclude truck traffic to avoid accidents & congestion for passenger traffic.
 Trend to separate trucks from passenger vehicle traffic arise.
Ex: Congestion around the access points to the port of Rotterdam and at the freight terminals at Schiphol
airport made Dutch engineers to work on feasibility studies of developing underground road networks only for
freight vehicles.

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Suitability for different Cargo and distance
 Economical: A good transport system should be economical i.e. the cost of
transport service should not be high so that the users can carry their products
at lowest possible charge. This in turn will help the consumers fetch goods at
cheaper and reasonable price.
 Speed: A good transport system should have proper speed in order to carry
goods from one place to another in less time. Goods should reach the
destination on time except from natural calamities or unavoidable causes. Air
transport is the best option for long distances.
 Availability: Transport service should be available regularly as and when
the need arises and it must provide safety of the goods.

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Suitability for different Cargo and distance
 Characteristics of goods: When selecting the mode of transport, the size and
weight of goods play a crucial role. Land and air transport primarily cater to fragile
and small shipments. Rail and sea transport are a more suitable option for heavy
shipments.
 Safety: Another crucial factor influencing the selection of a mode of transport is
the safety and security of goods in transit. Land transport is more preferred to
railway transport because the losses are less. From the safety point of view, sea
transport is the most risky, as water transport exposes the goods to the perils of sea,
and the long duration of travel adds to the risk factors.
 Flexibility: The most flexible mode of transport is Motor or road transport, as it is
not constrained by factors such as flight times, shipping routes or pre-scheduled
timetables. Motor transport can operate day and night, at personal convenience, to
suit all time frames, and has the added advantage of door-to-door delivery.

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Trends in Roadways

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Trends in Roadways
 SOLAR ROADS:
 Solar panels have always been a source of reliable
green energy.
 In solar road, photovoltaic cells are installed in road
systems.
 First attempt at the solar road was in the small
village of Tourouvre au Perche in Normandy in 2014.
 The embedded solar panels are protected by a 1 cm
thick coating.
Started in Netherland followed by France and USA.
 Advantages:
 Helps in Generate electricity.
 Can solve the growing demand for EVs.
 Illuminate roads.

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Trends in Roadways
 PLASTIC ROADS:
 Plastic roads are made entirely of plastic or composites
of plastic with other materials..
 Plastic Roads in India was first developed by Rajagopalan
Vasudevan in 2001, consist of an asphalt mix with plastic
waste(5000Km Eco-Friendly Roads Using Plastic Wastes).
 India recently construct 703 km of national highway
using plastic waste in “wearing coat of flexible pavement.
 Advantages:
 Minimizing plastic in landfills, oceans and rivers.
 Cheaper alternative.
 Recycling and sustainability
 Durable than traditional hot mixed asphalt

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Trends in Roadways
 ELECTRIC ROADS:
 Electric roads are the next future of road construction in
all our the world.
 Electric roads are cost-effective compare to solar roads.
Sweden has become the first country in the world to have
electric roads
 Its is a climate-smart technology and inexpensive tool
which combines the advantages of rail with flexibility of
trucks.
 Advantages:
 Reduces travel time
 E-road transport cuts fuels emissions
 Inexpensive operating

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Trends in Roadways
 Self-healing Roads:
 The UK alone spent £40 billion a year on the repair and maintenance
of existing, mainly concrete, structures.
Self-healing materials were voted one of the top ten emerging
technologies by the World Economic Forum.
In 2013, researchers at the University of Bath, Cardiff and Cambridge
joined forces to create a new generation of ‘smart’ concrete mix that
contains bacteria encompassed in microcapsules, which will germinate
when water enters a crack in the concrete.
This then produces limestone (calcite), plugging the crack before
water and oxygen corrode the steel reinforcement below.
 Advantages:
 Its is a climate-smart technology and inexpensive tool.
 Reduce lifetime costs by up to 50%

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Trends in Roadways
 Glowing Roads:
 On a small stretch of road in the Netherlands, streetlights have been replaced with
glow in the dark lines which guide drivers.
This simple but effect innovation was dreamed up by designer Daan Roosegaarde.
During the day these fluorescent strips absorb sunlight and at night this light it
emitted back out again.
Replacing street lights – especially on less travelled roads – provides a sustainable
solution without jeopardising the driver’s safety.

Advantages:
 Sustainable solution.
 Reduce night accidents
 Enhance auto-driving

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Trends in Roadways
 Charging Roads:
 Electrified roads built to charge the EV Vehicles.
 Interactive road light :
 Light that glows based on vehicle interaction.
 Wind road light:
 Light that glows based on wind.

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Current Happenings
 Chetak Logistics goes multimodal to move 430 Tata Xenon ambulances
 Chetak Group, is using rail and road transport modes to deliver 430 customised Tata Xenon
ambulances from Tata’s plant in Dharwad to various military hospitals located at widely spread
defence locations including Jammu, Prayagraj, Guwahati, New Delhi

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Current Happenings
 Union minister for road transport, highways and MSMEs
inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for 11 highway projects
worth Rs.20,000 crores as part of a new economic corridor in Haryana.
1. 227 km 6-lane greenfield expressway Ismailpur->Narnaul on NH 152D
2. 46 km 4-lane Gurugram Pataudi-Rewari section of NH 352W.
3. 14.4 km 4-lane Rewari Byepass.
4. 30.45 km 4-lane Rewari-Ateli Mandi section of NH 11.
5. 40.8 km 6-lane Narnaul Byepass on NH 148B, NH 11 &Narnaul->Ateli Mandi section of NH 11.
6. 40.6 km 4-lane Jind-Gohana (Pkg 1, greenfield alignment) of NH 352A .
7. 38.23 km 4-lane Gohana-Sonipat section of NH 352A.
8. 40.47 km 4-lane from UP-Haryana border ->Roha on NH 334B.

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THANK YOU