Misgie fikr

I
ASSOSA UNIVERSTIY
COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
STREAM: INDUSTRIAL CONTROL ENGINEERING
SEMISTER PROJECT
TITLE:ARDUINO BASED ALCOHOL SENSING ALERT WITH ENGINE
LOCKING
PREPARED BY:
NAME IDNO
1) ABRAHALEY ZERU……………………………………….ETR/0273/08
2) DERSO BELAY………………………………………….…..ETR/0444/08
3) DESALEGN AMOGNE………………………………………ETR/0445/08
4) MISGANAW FENTAHUN………………………………….ETR/0746/08
ADVISOR: Mr. GALANA FIKADU
SUBMISSION DATE: 19/10/2011
ASSOSA, ETHIOPIA

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DECLARATION
We would like to declare that this semester project has been submitted to Department of
Electrical Engineering Asossa University under the guidance of Mr.Galana Fikadu . All the work
and finding reported are of our own work and has not been submitted to any other university or
to any institute here or published earlier.
Name Signature Date
1) Misganaw Fentahun _______________ _______________
2) Abrahaley Zeru _______________ _______________
3) Derso Belay _______________ _______________
4) Desalegn Amogne _______________ _______________
This project semester document has been submitted for examination with my approval as a
university of advisor.
Name of advisor Signature Date
Mr. Galana Fikadu ____________ ____________
Head of department
Name Signature Date
Mr.Abera Eshetu(MSc) ____________ ____________
Name of Examiners Signature Date
1) _____________ _____________ _____________
2) _____________ _____________ _____________

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ABSTRACT
Alcohol sensing alert with engine locking is to develop a system that can detect the alcohol
content in the air exhaled by the driver and automatically turn off. Road accidents are very
common in today’s busy life. Thus drunk driving is a major reason accident in any country all
over the country Most of the people use private vehicles and sometimes being careless, people
may drive in a drunken state. This project designed or simulated on the proteus software.
Arduino Uno3 microcontroller attached to an alcohol sensor which detects the presence of
alcohol by analyzing breath of a person driving the vehicle. Engine of the vehicle is turned off
and the emergency siren is blown as soon as alcohol is detected, thereby minimizing the chances
of any mishaps that could have happening. Therefore, loss of life and property is avoided.
Alcohol driving is the leading cause of road accidents. Alcohol Detection requires the stopping
vehicles and it manually scan the drivers breadth analyzers. In the system that allows a alcohol
sensor with Arduino board along with a LCD display to show alcohol is detected and it
automatically lock the vehicle motor. Then the system first allows configuring the user’s
numbers into the program. And the driver is drunk by alcohol above permissible limit sensed the
input triggers by providing required voltage. Thus the system provides alcohol detection using
engine locking through Aduino incidents automatically.
Keywords:-alcohol sensor, motor, relay, LED, Arduino Uno ,buzzer, LCD . Proteus.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and fore most great thanks to God for his blessing and helps from the beginning to end and
we would like to thank the Department of Electrical Engineering for giving us the opportunity to
work on this project and develop our knowledge. Our special thanks goes to our project adviser
Mr.Galana for his exceptional support, valuable time and deep analysis and comments on our
project. We would also like to thank the school of electrical engineering for giving us the plat
form and accessibility of the project lap room to work as a group. And finally we would like to
express our sincere gratitude to everyone who supported the conduct of this project by providing
us benchmark information, direction, and insights to fulfill this project.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents Page
DECLARATION .....................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................................III
TABLE OF CONTENT..........................................................................................................................IV
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................VI
ACRONYMS........................................................................................................................................VII
CHAPTER ONE .....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the project ..........................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement.....................................................................................................................2
1.3 Objective of the Project..............................................................................................................2
1.3.1 General Objective............................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Specific Objective ...........................................................................................................2
1.4 Significance of the project..........................................................................................................2
1.5 Scope and limitation of our project.............................................................................................3
1.5.1 Scope of our project.........................................................................................................3
1.5.2 Limitation of our project..................................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................6
METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................................6
3.1 System development methodology .............................................................................................7
3.2 Block diagram ............................................................................................................................7

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3.2.1 Flow chart of the system..................................................................................................8
3.3 Hardware and Software Description ..........................................................................................9
3.3.1 Hardware Description......................................................................................................9
3.3.2 Software Description .....................................................................................................16
3.4 Mathematical modeling of DC motor .......................................................................................17
CHAPTER FOUR.................................................................................................................................21
System Design and Analysis..................................................................................................................21
4.1 Design of the project................................................................................................................21
4.2 Result and discussion...............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER FIVE...................................................................................................................................24
CONCULUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................24
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................24
5.2 Recommendation .....................................................................................................................25
APPENDX...............................................................................................................................................I

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3. 1 Sequence of methodology..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 2 Block diagram...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 3 System flow chart......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 4 Arduino Uno ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 5 Alcohol sensor...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 6 Buzzer.......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 7 L293D IC..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 8 LED ..........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 9 DC Motor..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 10 ULN2803 IC ...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 11LCD.........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 12 Circuit diagram of DC motor...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 13 Separately exited DC motor speed control model.....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3. 14 Block model of separately exited DC motor transfer function Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 3. 15 Actual Speed Vs time for PID controller.................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4. 1 Connection of Arduino with other components(circuit diagram) .... Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 4. 2 Circuit diagram of normal condition ..........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4. 3 Circuit diagram of alcohol detected ...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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ACRONYMS
DC……………………………………………………....Direct Current
GPS……………………………………………………..Global Position System
GSM…………………………………………………….Global System mobile
IDE …………………………………………………….Integrated Development Environment.
I/O……………………………………………………....Input Output
LCD…………………………………………………… .Liquid Crystal Display
LED…………………………………………………… Light Emitting Diode
mA…………………………………………………… milli Ampere
N and S…………………… …………….…………… North and South
PCB…………………………………………………. …Printing Circuit Board
PIC……………………………………………………...Peripheral Interface Controller
PPM…………………………………………………… Parts Per Million
PWM…………………………………. ……………… Pulse-Width Modulation.
WHO………………………………………….. ……….World Health Organization

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ASSOSA UNIVERSITY Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Page 1
Arduino Based Alcohol sensing alert with Engine locking 2011E.C
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the project
Drinking and driving is already a serious public health problem, which is likely to emerge as one
of the most significant problems in near future. “Drinking is not only injurious to drunken driver
it also affect the surrounding area and people.” Now day’s road accident is major problem all
over the world. As report by WHO (World Health Organization) in its first Global status report
(2014) 80,000 of Indian people are killed on roads due over speeding, drunk driving and other
reasons. Drunk driving is a major factor for rise of deaths on roads. Drink and drive not only
bring road traffic hidden danger to others, but also affects the safety of his own life. Most of the
accidents are occurring outside the cities due to the drunk driving and no testing methodology
has yet been adopted to avoid these fatalities on roads. In Ethiopia every year traffic accident
caused by drunk driving 3 thousands of deaths and more th1an 6 thousands of injuries in year
and its increasing rapidly. According to the our system, the car is controlled automatically, can't
be driving after driver drinking, thus avoid the occurrence of drunk driving.In our project,
initially we check whether the person has drunken or not by using the MQ3 gas sensor. In this
system, sensor circuit is used to detect whether the alcohol was consumed by driver or not. To
this end, we have designed such a system that when alcohol concentration is detected alarm is
raised. The onboard Alcohol Sensor (MQ-3) provides the Alcohol contents in the air. If this
found above set PPM value then it will inform the Host controller by pulling the Digital Output
Pin to High and onboard status LED glow. The sensor module is mainly intended to provide a
means of comparing Alcohol sources and being able to set an alarm limit when the source
becomes excessive. The system detects the presence of alcohol in the vehicle and immediately
locks the engine of the vehicle. [4]

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Assosa Universty Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering Page 2
1.2 Problem Statement
The factor of vehicle compactness on the road increased dramatically because of the population
in Ethiopia has been increasing rapidly years by years. Moreover the improvement in Ethiopia
living standard has contributed to the increasing number of vehicle on the road (private vehicle).
These factors are leading to a lot of road accidents. Some of the cases of these road accidents
may happen when there are drunken driver who driving in dangerous condition. At present the
death causes due to the drunken driver have increased radically. Traffic accidents caused by
drunk drivers not only causes the fatalities of life but also a distraction of the vehicle instrument.
However, an effective apparatus for preventing such kinds of accidents has not yet been
developed in our country. Due to this problem our project to developed alcohol sensing alert with
engine locking.
1.3 Objective of the Project
1.3.1 General Objective
The main general objective of our project to design and stimulate alcohol sensing alert with
engine locking.
1.3.2 Specific Objective
 To model the mathematical of DC motor
 To design the circuit on the proteus Software
 To develop or write the program of alcohol sensor on Arduino Software
 To simulate alcohol sensing alert with engine locking.
1.4 Significance of the project
This system can reduced number of alcohol-related crashes, Reduced number of injuries and
fatalities caused by alcohol-related crashes, Reduced damage to property from alcohol-related
crashes, increases drivers safety, prevent road accident and Frequent accident caused by drunk
driver which results human fatalities and material distraction.
Engine Locking System through Alcohol Detection project can be used in various vehicles for
detecting whether the driver has consumed alcohol or not. This can also be used in various
companies, organizations mines to detect alcohol consumption of employees.

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1.5 Scope and limitation of our project
1.5.1 Scope of our project
 The Proposed System of an Automatic Locked Control System of Vehicle for Drunken
Driver will to assure safety of lives and to prevent material distraction when installed
with every vehicle by maintaining its real time operation. This System not only deals
with component monitoring, does even more than that like sending message to the traffic
police station to indicate its status and take another opportunity to run the activity safely.
 Alcohol detection are the vital and of great importance from the perspective of passenger
safety and traffic safety. Impact detection and notification is also one of the lifesaving
and critical information provider system
1.5.2 Limitation of our project
Despite attempting to conduct the project, we had challenges on the following:
 Lack of enough time
 Lack some devices in the software library
 Lack of hardware materials( no practice of implementation or prototype of the design)

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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
M. kousikan and M. sundaraj (2014) proposed automatic drunken driver prevention system this
invention relates to apparatus for preventing a motor car from Bing driven by a drunk driver.
When the sensor detects presence of the driver a relay circuit is activated. This relay circuit has
control over the fuel supply to the engine of the car. The fuel supply is cut-off and the car is
brought to hault.[1]
Nimmy James, Aparana C and Teena P John proposed a work alcohol detection system. The
system provides an alcohol sensor embedded on the steering of the car. Whenever the driver
starts ignition, the sensor measures the content of the alcohol in his breath and automatically
switches off the car if he is drunken. In this system the sensor delivers a current with a linear
relationship to the alcohol molecules from zero to very high concentration. The output of the
sensor is fed to the pic microcontroller for comparison. If the measured value reaches the
threshold, relay cut off automatically and the buzzer produces sound. [2]
From the above authors have proposed a system to prevent the accidents due to drunken driving.
Major drawback of this system is that they have used PIC16F877A microcontroller which is not
as useful as Arduino Uno microcontroller that we are using. Also, they have used an old design
system which is not useful and increases the overall cost of the system which makes it expensive
and somewhat unaffordable to certain segments of society thereby limiting its scope to be used.
Hence, our system is more cost effective and can be easily afforded. The authors discuss the
problem of drunken driving and propose to solve it by suggesting a system. However, the major
drawback of their system is that they are using MQ2 alcohol sensor which is not accurate and is
not specifically sensitive to alcohol. In our project, we are using a MQ3 sensor which is designed
to be accurate towards alcohol detection which gives more accurate results and saves from
raising false alarms. Also, they have used a PIC microcontroller which is expensive when
compared to Arduino Uno which is open sourced. [3]
Our projects works on by using arduino uno with inside of micro controller. They work on
alcohol detection system. The system provides an alcohol sensor senses the amount of alcohol
Whenever the driver starts ignition, the sensor measures the content of the alcohol in his breath
and automatically switches off the car if he is drunken. In this system the sensor delivers a

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current with a linear relationship to the alcohol molecules from zero to very high concentration.
The output of the sensor is fed to the PIC microcontroller for comparison. If the measured value
reaches the threshold, relay cut off automatically and the buzzer produces sound. Alcohol
Detected Engine Turn off System. Here is designed to avoid drunk & drives by using an
automated system. Here the engine is inhabited from starting and running once alcohol is
detected in the breath of the driver which is higher than the prescribed level permissible by law.
Also provisions have been given in the system to indicate the level of alcohol in the driver’s
breath. This may allow him to be aware of physical and mental preparedness of his own-self and
may help himself in handling the situation .The Strength of alcohol sensing gas to detect far from
two meter. These are to prevent the engine of system. [5]

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CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This project started with getting idea and concept of alcohol sensing alert with engine locking
and reading some literature reviews. The methodology of the project includes a different number
works that are done to achieve the goal of the system. In our work we can consider different
electronic and electromechanical materials that can perform our tasks. There is list of material
used. Arduino controller, alcohol sensor, DC driver, light emitting diode ,liquid crystal display,
buzzer, Engine and power supply. Electronics material this all devices integrated to make a good
and safe car. This electronic devices embedded to the car dashboard, there also need software
device to program Arduino controller. the procedure of methodology listed below.
NO
YES
Figure 3. 1 Sequence of methodology
Problem identification
Literature view
Data collection
System design
Circuit diagram Program(code)
Simulation
result

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3.1 System development methodology
Alcohol detection system. In this system we have used MQ3 alcohol sensor to detect the alcohol
level. The alcohol sensor is connected to the Arduino controller to send the level of alcohol, if
the Arduino receive any signal that comes from the MQ3 it check two conditions that are the
engine is start or not. If the engine is not start it energized the relay and isolates the starter key to
the engine so the engine doesn’t start else the engine start and detect alcohol first alert the alarm
for 20 second using sound buzzer that connect to the Ardiuno then close the fuel valve slowly
instantly it switch on the red led lamp to close the valves we use servo motor, after some delay
or if the car approach minimum speed the break valve open and the yellow led lamp blink at the
same time in this time we set two option that are using speed sensor(Speedo meter) to sense the
speed else there is no speed sensor only use servo motor with some delay if this conditions done
the car become at rest(stops) then the relay energized and isolate the start key and the engine.
3.2 Block diagram
We use an alcohol sensor circuit along with LCD display and a buzzer alarm. Our system first
uses the alcohol sensor in order to detect alcohol. The sensor provides analog output. This analog
output is now provided to the microcontroller for further processing. Based on the input the
microcontroller calculates the percentage of alcohol and displays the same on an LCD display
Figure3. 2 Block diagram
Engine
POWER SUPPLY
ARDUINO
UNO
LCD
ALCOHOL
SENSOR
BUZZER
LED
DC Driver

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3.2.1 Flow chart of the system
This flow chart below shows the interconnection of various components or hardware and their
sequential operation when the sensor become active it senses the amount of alcohol taken by the
driver and this data is processed or analysis by the controller then after the controller initiates a
command signal and the other components are activated based on the present data they received
from the Arduino.
NO
YES
OFF
ON
Figure3. 3 System flow chart
Red light
No alcohol
Alcohol drunked
Buzzer
Engine
Start
MQ-3 alcohol
sensor become
senses
Alcohol detect
with Arduino
UNO Analyze
anldecide
Green light

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3.3 Hardware and Software Description
3.3.1 Hardware Description
Arduino uno:The arduino board is the central unit of the system. The arduino uno is the
microcontroller board based on the ATmega 328. It is a programmable microcontroller for
prototyping electromechanical devices.it has 14 digital inputs/output pins (of which 6 can be
used as PWM output),6 analog input.Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an
input or output, using pinMode(),digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5
volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA as recommended operating condition and has an
internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50k ohm. A maximum of 40mA is the
value that must not be exceeded on any I/O pin to avoid permanent damage to the
microcontroller.This arduino board was able to perform all the functions needed. It was exactly
how the description said and matched all of the necessary requirements.
Figure 3. 4 Arduino Uno

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General pin functions:-
 LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is high value, the
LED is on, when the pin is low, it's off.
 VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it's using an external power
source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source).
You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack,
access it through this pin.
 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be
supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB connector (5V),
or the VIN pin of the board (7-20V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses
the regulator, and can damage the board.
 3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
 GND: Ground pins.
 IOREF: This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference with
which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin
voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the
outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.
 Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board
 Serial / UART: pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.
These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL serial chip.
 External interrupts: pins 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low
value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM (pulse-width modulation): 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 Can provide 8-bit PWM output with the
analogWrite() function.
 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support
SPI communication using the SPI library.
 TWI (two-wire interface) : A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication
using the Wire library.
 AREF (analog reference): Reference voltage for the analog inputs

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Alcohol sensor (MQ3): The analog gas sensor- MQ3 is suitable for alcohol detecting, this
sensor can be used in a breath analyzer. It has a high sensitivity to alcohol and small sensitivity
to benzene. The sensitivity can be adjusted by the potentiometer sensitive material of MQ3 gas
sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target alcohol gas exist, the
sensors conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising, use of simple electro
circuit, convert change of conconcentration.
Figure 3. 5 Alcohol sensor
MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Alcohol, and has good resistance to disturb of gasoline,
smoke and vapour. It has fine sensitivity range around 2 meters. The sensor could be used to
detect alcohol with different concentration; it is with low cost and suitable for different
application. Resistance value of MQ-3 is difference to various kinds and various concentration
gases. So, when using these components, sensitivity adjustment is very necessary. It is
recommended to calibrate the detector for 0.4mg/L (approximately 200ppm) of Alcohol
concentration in air and use value of Load resistance that (RL) about 200 KΩ (100KΩ to 470
KΩ). When accurately measuring, proper alarm point for the gas detector has to be determined
after considering the temperature and humidity influence.
Character configuration:-
 Good sensitivity to alcohol gas.
 Circuit is simply driven.
 Low cost and long life.
Buzzer or beeper: is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices,
timers,and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystrok

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Figure 3. 6 Buzzer
The PS series are high performance buzzers that employ uni-morph piezoelectric elements and
are designed for easy incorporation into various circuits. They feature extremely low power
consumption in comparison to electromagnetic units. Because these buzzers are designed for
external excitation, the same part can serve as both a musical tone oscillator and a buzzer. They
can be use with automated inserters, moisture- resistant models are also available.
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either
direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC. Dual H-bridge
Motor Driver integrated circuit (IC).
It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage to be flown in
either direction. As you know voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate the
motor in clockwise or anticlockwise direction, Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC
motor. In a single L293D chip there are two h-Bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate two
dc motor independently. Due its size it is very much used in robotic application for controlling
DC motors. Given below is the pin diagram of a L293D motor controller.
There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin 9, for being able to drive the motor, the pin 1
and 9 need to be high. For driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to enable pin 1 to high.
And for right H-Bridge you need to make the pin 9 to high. If anyone of the either pin1 or pin9
goes low, then the motor in the corresponding section will suspend working. It’s like a switch.
The L293D is a 16 pin IC, with eight pins, on each side, dedicated to the controlling of a motor.
There are 2 INPUT pins, 2 OUTPUT pins and 1 ENABLE pin for each motor. L293D consist of
two H-bridge. H-bridge is the simplest circuit for controlling a low current rated motor

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Figure 3. 7 L293D IC
Pin description
1 - Enable 1-2, when this is HIGH the left part of the IC will work and when it is low the left part
won’t work.
2 - INPUT 1, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 1
3 - OUTPUT 1, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
4, 5 - GND, ground pins
8 - VCC2, this is the voltage which will be supplied to the motor.
16 - VCC1, this is the power source to the IC. So, this pin should be supplied with 5 V
13, 12 - GND, ground pins
11 - OUTPUT3, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
9 - Enable 3-4, when this is HIGH the right part of the IC will work and when it is low the right
part won’t work.

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LED lamp: is a two led semiconductor light source it is a p-n junction diode which emits light
when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads electrons are able to recombine
with electrons holes within the device, releasing energy in the form photons
Figure3.8 LED
An LED lamp or LED light bulb is an electric light for use in light fixtures that produces light
using one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LED lamps have a lifespan many times longer
than equivalent incandescent lamps.
DC motor:- is any of class of rotary electrical machine that converts direct current electrical
energy in to mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the force produced by magnetic
field. Nearly all type of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or
electronic, to periodicallychange the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Working
principle of brushed electric motor with two-pole rotor (armature) and permanent magnet stator
“N “ and “S” designated polarities on the inside axis face of the magnet; the outside face have
opposite polarity. The + sign and – sign show where the DC current is applied to the commutator
which supplied current to the armature coil.
Figure3. 9 DC Motor

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DC Motor Components:-
Stator:It consists of either a permanent magnet or electromagnetic windings, and generates a
stationary magnetic field around the rotor which occupies the central part of the motor.
Rotor (Armature ):-The rotor is made up of one or more electric windings around armature
arms. These electric windings generate a magnetic field when energized by the external current.
The magnetic poles thus generated by this rotor field are attracted to the opposite poles generated
by the stator field and repelled by the similar poles, which causes the rotor to rotate.
Commutator: The DC motor doesn’t use an external current switching device, instead it uses a
mechanical connector called the commutator which is a segmented sleeve usually made of
copper, mounted on the rotating shaft. The current +/- is supplied to this commutator segments
with the help of brushes.
Brushes:-As the motor turns the brushes slide over the commutator segments hence creating the
variable magnetic field in different arms through the commutator segments attached to the
windings. Hence a dynamic magnetic field is generated in the motor when a voltage is applied
across the brushes.
Shaft:-It is a manufacture all types of DC Electric Motor Shafts including Input & Output Shafts
for Aluminum Worm Reduction Gear Boxes in different materials.
ULN2803 specifies that this chip is high current, high voltage Darlington transistor array. In this
device, eight Darlington pairs of n-p-n configuration are present that have the feature of high
voltage outputs along with the common cathode clamp diodes that is used to switch inductive
loads. The collector current rating for each n-p-n Darlington pair is about 500 mA. In order to
achieve higher capability of current, Darlington pairs of n-p-n configuration are connected in
parallel
Figure 3. 10 ULN2803 IC

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This shape delivers a much higher current gain as compared to each transistor taken separately. It
works on the simple amplification principle happening in the regular transistor where a small
base is used to make the pair switch for higher switching currents.
Pin configuration:-Pin number from 1 to 8 is a Channel 1 through 8 Darlington base input while
pin number from 11 to 18 is Channel 1 through 8 Darlington base output. Similarly, 9 and 10
pins are ground and common cathode node (Vcc) respectively. It is important to note that
common emitter is shared by all the channels.
3.3.2 Software Description
Proteus:- is a simulation and design software tool. It also possess 2D CAD drawing feature. It is
a software suite containing schematic, simulation as well as PCB designing. ISIS is the software
used to draw schematics and simulate the circuits in real time. The simulation allows human
access during run time, thus providing real time simulation. ARES is used for PCB designing. It
has the feature of viewing output in 3D view of the designed PCB along with components. The
designer can also develop 2D drawings for the product.
Arduino:- is an open source microcontroller which can be easily programmed, erased and
reprogrammed at any instant of time. Based on simple microcontroller boards, it is an open
source computing platform that is used for constructing and programming electronic devices. It
is also capable of acting as a mini computer just like other microcontrollers by taking inputs and
controlling the outputs for a variety of electronics devices. Arduino uses a hardware known as
the Arduino development board and software for developing the code known as the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment).
Liquid crystal display:-Liquid crystal display screen is the electronic display module and
find a wide ranges of applications. A 16*4 LCD display is very basic module and it is very
commonly use in various devices and circuit. These modules are preferred to seven
segments and other multi segments LEDs. The reason being: LCDs are economical; easily
programmable; have no limitation of displaying special and even custom characters (unlike
in 7 segments), animations and so on. A 16*4 LCD means it can display 16 characters per
line and there are 4 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5*7 pixel matrix.
This LCD has 4 registers , namely command and data.

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Figure3. 11 LCD
The command registers stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an
instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the
cursor position, controlling display etc. the data registers stores the data to be display on the LCD
. the data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.
3.4 Mathematical modeling of DC motor
DC or direct current motor works on the principal, when a current carrying conductor is placed
in a magnetic field; it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. This is known as
motoring action. If the direction of current in the wire is reversed, the direction of rotation also
reverses. When magnetic field and electric field interact they produce a mechanical force, and
based on that the working principle of DC motor established
Figure 3. 12 Circuit diagram of DC motor
𝐼𝑎 = armature current𝑇𝑓= static friction torque

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𝐸𝑏= back emf𝑅𝑎= armature resistance
𝑒𝑎= armature terminal voltage𝐿𝑎= armature inductance
𝑤𝑚= motor speed (rad/sec)= rotational inertia
T= motor torque
𝐵𝑚= viscous friction
Refrance desired speed
speed
Figure 3. 13 Separately exited DC motor speed control model
Considering steady state model
ea(t)=Ra ×ia(t)+L.dia(t)/dt+eb(t) …………………………… (3.1)
Electromechanical equations of the DC motor with armature control is given below
𝑒𝑏(𝑡)=𝐾𝐸.𝑤𝑚(𝑡)………………………………………………... (3.2)
T (t) = 𝐾𝑇+(𝑡)………………………………………………… (3.3)
Find the transfer function between armature voltage and motor speed:Ω𝑚(𝑠)𝐸𝑎(𝑠)
Taking Laplace transform from the above equation
𝐸𝑎(𝑠)=𝐿.𝑠.𝐼𝑎(𝑠)+𝑅𝑎𝐼𝑎(𝑠)+𝐸𝑏(𝑠)………………………………….. (3.4)
(𝑠) =(1𝐿𝑠+𝑅𝑎)[𝐸𝑎(𝑠)−𝐸𝑏(𝑠]
And taking the Laplace transform of Electromechanical Equations
𝐸𝑏(𝑠) = 𝐾𝐸.  (𝑠)…………………………………………………… (3.5)
T (s) =(𝑠)…………………………………………………………... (3.6)
PID
- Plant
Feedback

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Laplace Transform of Mechanical System Dynamics
T (s) = 𝐽𝑚.𝑠 (𝑠) +𝐵𝑚.  (𝑠)
 (𝑠)=(1𝐽𝑚.𝑠+𝐵𝑚). T (s)……………………………………………… (3.7)
Then from the above calculations we can get transfer function of armature-controlled dc motor as
below:

= …………………………. (3.8)

= …………………………………………... (3.9)
From the above equation 𝐿𝑎,K𝑚 ,𝑅𝑎,𝐵m, Kt are constants then we are assuming as follows but
when we assuming we consider that how the error is minimize in designing of PID controller.
Table 3. 1 DC motor model specification
Parameter Value
Armature Resistance (Ra) 1Ω
Armature Inductance (La) 0.01 H
Mechanical Inertia (Jm) 0.01 Kg.m2
Friction Constant (Bm) 0.1 N.m/rad/sec
Back EMF constant (Kt) 0.01 V/rad/sec
Rated speed in (rpm) 1400 /sec
Motor power 3HP

= …………………………………………... (3.10)

= …………………………………………... (3.11)
From the above equation multiplay with 1000/1000 we get

= …………………………………………... (3.12)

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Figure 3. 14 Block model of separately exited DC motor transfer function
Figure 3. 15 Actual Speed Vs time for PID controller
From the experimental results we know that the proportional controller (kp) will have the effect
of reducing the rise time and will reduce; but never eliminate the steady-state error, an integral
control (Ki) will have the effect of eliminating the steady-state error, but it may make the
transient response worse .a derivative control (kd) will have the effect of increasing the stability
of the system, reducing the overshoot, and improving the transient response.

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CHAPTER FOUR
System Design and Analysis
4.1 Design of the project
In this project the system designed in such a way that is senses alcohol and send to the micro
controller (Arduino) the sending signal immediately send to the driver controller and stop the
power flow from the engine, it works for before the car engine works but if the car is in motion,
the alcohol sensor sense the system alerts using buzzer for some period of time, during this
period the driver take no action the fuel gas valve sensor become close at this instant the red
lamp is on.
Figure 4. 1 Connection of Arduino with other components(circuit diagram)
This design was developed using proteuse 8 professional software to illustrate the basic
connection of the various component with the Arduino Uno to build an intelligent control
system that prevents from being drive in a drunken condition.

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4.2 Result and discussion
The circuit is designed on proteus and the Simulation result of the project is done by proteus to
test the functionality of the system. The whole testing procedure of the project is as follows:
When the alcohol sensor detects the amount of the alcoholic content of the driver. If the alcohol
content of the driver is 0 then the LCD displayer displays “no alcohol” and green light is on
while the logic state (ignition, key pressed) is High, so the car is moving.
Figure 4. 16 Circuit diagram of normal condition
On the second condition, that’s when the alcohol sensor sense alcohol after the engine is ON. We
have tried to put different scenarios, like when the driver starts the engine alcohol free and leaves
the car engine running. And also if the driver is drinking alcohol while driving the car If this is
the care, then when alcohol sensor senses the alcohol a buzzer will give a buzzing sound to
indicate that the car has sensed alcohol. Then after a certain delay time that is given to the driver
to stop the car, if the driver don’t take any action to slow down and stop the car, the car takes the
action. That is after the small delay time with the buzzer the fuel valve will be closed,
simultaneously the red lights will be ON, that is to indicate the car is about to slow down.

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Figure 4. 17 Circuit diagram of alcohol detected
When the alcohol is sensed before the engine is ON. Here the car is at rest and the engine is OFF.
Then when the drunk driver approaches the sensor whish’s placed on the drivers sit, the alcohol
sensor senses the alcohol level and if it’s beyond the permitted level. Then the car engine is
locked. So the car won’t start like the normal condition when the driver enters the key and tries
to start the car.

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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCULUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
We have provided a very effective solution to develop an intelligent system for vehicles for
alcohol detection whose core is Arduino. Since sensor has fine sensitivity range around 2 meters,
it can suit to any vehicle and can easily be hidden from the suspects. The whole system has also
an advantage of small volume and more reliability. As the growing public perception is that
vehicle safety is more important, advances in public safety is gaining acceptance than in the past.
Future scope of this system is to control the accidents causes due to alcohol consumption. This
system improves the safety of human being. And hence providing the effective development in
the automobile industry regarding to reduce the accidents cause due to alcohol.

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5.2Recommendation
We recommended that The following future works are proposed to alcohol sensing are
implemented or integrated circuit with applicable on the real time operations. According to
enhancing the safety of the road integrate the engine locking system to Auto Parking and self
drive system. For automatic gearing system car integrate the speed controlling mechanism to its
gearing system. The alcohol detection system will be integrated with eye blink sensor, position
sensor and smoke detectors.
REFERENCES

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[1] Prof. Durugkar S.R Head, Dept. of Computer Engineering and collage of Enginering Yeola
,India; Alcohol Detection and Accident Avoidance Using Locking With Tracking
[2] Nimmy James, Aparna C and etal “Alcohol Detection System”International Journal of
Research in Computer andCommunication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014
[3] Shiraj Umrani1, Sohel Shaikh2, Abdulkadir Mujawar3, Prof. Sandeep Yadav4: Alcohol
Sensing Alert With Engine Locking Using IOT
[4] M. Kousikan, and M. Sundaraj “AUTOMATIC DRUNKEN DRIVE PREVENTION
SYSTEM” International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management Vol 2 (02),
, ISSN 2321-2543, pg. 74-77 March-April 2014
[5] Shaik Shafi, Tanmay.N.T.S, Tarunya.D, Vinay.G, Reena.K ; Automatic Vehicle Engine
Locked Control System to Prevent Drunken Driving Using Virtual Instrumentation

Arduino Based Alcohol sensing alert with Engine locking 2011
APPENDX
Code for simulation
#define ledr_pin 7
#define ledg_pin 6
int IN1 =5;
int EN1 =4;
int buzzer_pin =3;
float alc;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(alc_pin,INPUT);
pinMode(ledr_pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledg_pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(alc_pin,INPUT);
pinMode(buzzer_pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(EN1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN1,OUTPUT);
// put your setup code here, to run once:
}void loop() {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
alc=digitalRead(A0);
delay(100);
if (alc==0){
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("NO drink");

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Assosa Universty Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering Page II
digitalWrite(ledg_pin,HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledr_pin,LOW);
digitalWrite(IN1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(EN1,HIGH);
Serial.println("driver is normal");
delay(100);//50microsecondes
}
else{
Serial.println("driver is drink");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("car is stop");
digitalWrite(EN1,LOW);
digitalWrite(IN1,LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer_pin,LOW);
digitalWrite(ledg_pin,LOW);
digitalWrite(ledr_pin,HIGH);
delay(100);
}
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

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