door lock system using li fi technology

1. MINOR PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT
ON
Door Lock System Using Li-Fi
Technology
Submitted by:
Archie Garg (22105133)
Vritika Bansal (22105012)
Prabhjot Singh (22105045)
Saksham Prashar (22105026)
Under the supervision
of Dr. Bipan Kaushal
&
Dr. Surender Kumar Gupta
Minor Project (EC 1354)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS
ENGINEERING
PUNJAB ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
CHANDIGARH

2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
2. SIGNIFICANCE
3. OBJECTIVE
4. METHODOLOGY
5. WORKING PRINCIPLE
6. TOOLS TO BE USED
7. NOVELTY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We express our profound gratitude to everyone who played a pivotal role in the
success of this project. Immense appreciation goes to our advisors, Dr Bipan
Kaushal and Dr. Surender Kumar Gupta whose guidance and support were
indispensable throughout this project. Heartfelt thanks to the faculty and staff at
Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, for their critical insights and
assistance. Our dedicated team members deserve a special mention for their
relentless effort and collaborative spirit that brought this project to fruition. This
project reflects the collective effort and dedication of everyone involved. Thank
you for contributing to our success.

3. Problem Statement
Traditional door lock systems rely on mechanical keys or electronic systems that use radio
frequency (RF) technology, such as RFID, to secure premises. However, these systems face
several issues, including susceptibility to hacking, key duplication, unauthorized access, and
battery dependency in electronic locks. Moreover, radio frequencies can interfere with other
electronic devices, causing connectivity issues. The problem is further exacerbated in
environments with high electromagnetic interference, where RF-based systems may fail to
operate efficiently. Therefore, there is a need for a secure, efficient, and innovative locking
system that overcomes these limitations.
Significance:
Enhanced Security:
 Li-Fi uses visible light for data transmission, which cannot penetrate walls, making it more
secure against eavesdropping and unauthorized access.
 The localized nature of light signals minimizes the risk of interception compared to
radio frequency (RF) signals.
Reduced Hacking Risks:
 Traditional RF-based systems can be vulnerable to hacking methods such as replay attacks and
signal jamming. Li-Fi systems are less susceptible to such threats due to their unique
transmission medium.
 Authentication is done through light modulation, making it more difficult for hackers to gain
access without direct visual contact.
Integration with Existing Infrastructure:
 Li-Fi technology can be integrated with existing LED lighting systems, eliminating the need for
additional wiring or power sources, which reduces installation costs.
 This dual-purpose functionality allows buildings to utilize the same infrastructure for
both illumination and communication, leading to more efficient energy use.
High Data Transmission Rates:
 Li-Fi can achieve higher data transmission rates than traditional RF technologies, enabling
quicker authentication and response times for locking mechanisms.
 This feature supports advanced functionalities, such as real-time alerts and logging of
access attempts, enhancing user experience.
Operational Reliability:
 Li-Fi technology operates effectively in environments where RF signals may be obstructed
or interfered with, such as areas with high electromagnetic interference.
 The reliability of the system is enhanced since it does not rely on radio waves, which can
be affected by various external factors.

4. Environmental Benefits:
 By utilizing existing lighting for data transmission, Li-Fi contributes to energy efficiency and
sustainability, as it reduces the need for separate communication devices.
 The reliance on LED lights, which are energy-efficient, aligns with global initiatives to reduce
carbon footprints.
User Convenience and Flexibility:
 Users can unlock doors using their smartphones or other light-emitting devices, providing
a modern and user-friendly interface for access control.
 The system can be easily updated and configured remotely, allowing for flexible access
management (e.g., temporary access codes for visitors).
Potential for Advanced Features:
 The incorporation of Li-Fi technology allows for the development of advanced features, such
as biometric authentication (e.g., fingerprint or facial recognition) combined with light-based
signaling.
 Integration with smart home systems can enable users to monitor and control access
remotely through mobile applications.
Market Differentiation:
 The unique use of Li-Fi in security systems offers a competitive edge in the market,
attracting tech-savvy consumers and businesses looking for innovative solutions.
 As smart security solutions become increasingly popular, a Li-Fi door lock system positions itself
as a cutting-edge alternative to conventional locking mechanisms.
Support for Future Innovations:
 The technology lays the groundwork for future advancements in smart building solutions,
paving the way for more interconnected and intelligent environments.
 As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow, Li-Fi's potential for high-speed, secure
communication can facilitate better integration of devices and systems in homes and
offices.

5. Objectives
Some well-defined objective that our project aims to achieve are mentioned below:
Design a Prototype:
Develop a functional prototype of a door lock system that utilizes Li-Fi technology for secure
access control.
Ensure the prototype integrates necessary components such as LED lights for transmission,
photodiodes
for reception, and a microcontroller for processing.
Implement Data Transmission Protocols:
Establish effective protocols for transmitting data through light modulation, ensuring secure and
reliable communication between the user’s device and the lock system.
Explore different modulation techniques (e.g., On-Off Keying, Pulse Position Modulation) to optimize
the
performance and security of data transmission.
Develop Authentication Mechanisms:
Create a robust authentication process that verifies user credentials through the Li-Fi
communication channel.
Implement features such as unique access codes, temporary passwords for guests, and logging of
access
attempts to enhance security.
Evaluate Performance Metrics:
Assess the system’s performance by measuring key metrics such as response time, data transmission speed,
range of communication, and power consumption.
Conduct stress tests to analyze how the system performs under various conditions, including varying light
intensities and potential interference.
Analyze Security Features:
Investigate the security implications of using Li-Fi technology in door locks, focusing on
potential vulnerabilities and how they differ from traditional RF-based systems.
Develop countermeasures to address identified security risks, such as unauthorized access
attempts or
signal interception.
Assess User Experience:
Gather feedback from potential users regarding the usability and functionality of the Li-Fi door
lock system through user testing and surveys.
Analyze user interactions with the system to identify areas for improvement and ensure the final
product
meets the expectations and needs of end users.

6. Methodology
System Architecture Design:
 Develop a conceptual design for the Li-Fi door lock system, including hardware and
software components.
 Define the roles of each component, such as the LED light source for data transmission,
the photodiode for receiving signals, the microcontroller for processing, and the locking
mechanism.
Component Selection:
 Identify and select appropriate hardware components based on the system design:
o LEDs: Choose high-efficiency LEDs capable of modulating light for data
transmission.
o Photodiodes: Select photodiodes with suitable sensitivity and response time for
detecting light signals.
o Microcontroller: Choose a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi) with
sufficient processing power and I/O capabilities to manage the system.
o Lock Mechanism: Identify an electronic locking mechanism compatible with the
microcontroller for controlled access.
Software Development:
 Program the microcontroller to manage the locking mechanism and process data received
from the photodiode.
 Implement communication protocols for modulating the LED light signal to transmit user
credentials securely.
 Develop an authentication algorithm to verify user credentials and control the locking
mechanism based on successful or failed authentication.
Prototype Assembly:
 Assemble the prototype by integrating the selected hardware components according to the
system architecture.
 Ensure proper alignment of the LED light source and the photodiode for effective data
transmission.
 Test the electrical connections and functionality of each component before proceeding.
Testing and Validation:
 Conduct initial tests to validate the basic functionality of the door lock system, ensuring
that the LED transmits data and the photodiode accurately receives it.
 Perform range testing to determine the effective communication distance between the LED
and photodiode under various lighting conditions.
 Implement stress tests to evaluate system performance under different scenarios, such as
varying ambient light levels and potential obstacles.
 Security Evaluation:

7.  Assess the security features of the Li-Fi door lock system, analyzing potential
vulnerabilities such as interception or unauthorized access attempts.
 Develop countermeasures, such as encryption protocols for transmitted data and alerts for
suspicious access attempts.
User Testing and Feedback:
 Conduct user testing sessions with potential users to gather feedback on the system's
usability, efficiency, and overall experience.
 Analyze user interactions to identify areas for improvement, focusing on the ease of use,
response time, and functionality of the system.
Iterative Refinement:
 Based on testing results and user feedback, iteratively refine the system design and
functionality to enhance performance, security, and user experience.
 Address any issues identified during testing, optimizing software algorithms and hardware
configurations as needed.
Documentation and Reporting:
 Document the entire development process, including design decisions, testing results, and
user feedback.
 Prepare a final report summarizing the findings, highlighting the advantages of the Li-Fi
door lock system, and discussing potential future enhancements.

8. Tools Used
LCD Display with I2C Module
 Description: The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used for user interaction, displaying status
messages, user prompts, or feedback regarding the locking system. The I2C module allows
for easy connection and communication between the LCD and the microcontroller using only
two wires (SDA for data and SCL for clock).
 Key Features:
o 16x2 or 20x4 character display for clear text output.
o I2C interface simplifies wiring and reduces the number of required GPIO pins on
the Arduino.
o Adjustable brightness and contrast for better visibility.
2. Arduino Uno
 Description: The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller board used to control the overall
functioning of the door lock system. It processes the input from sensors and controls the
locking mechanism based on the received data.
 Key Features:
o ATmega328P microcontroller, which provides sufficient processing power and memory
for handling complex tasks.
o Multiple digital and analog I/O pins for connecting various components.
o USB interface for easy programming and debugging.
3. Breadboard
 Description: A breadboard is used for prototyping the electronic circuits without soldering. It
allows for easy connections and adjustments during the development phase.
 Key Features:
o Multiple rows of interconnected holes for inserting components and wires.
o Easy to modify and reconfigure circuit layouts as needed.
o Supports a variety of electronic components, facilitating quick prototyping.
4. LDR Module
 Description: The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) module is a sensor that detects ambient light
levels. It can be used to determine whether there is enough light for the Li-Fi communication or
to activate the door lock system based on light conditions.
 Key Features:
o Analog output corresponding to light intensity, which can be read by the Arduino.
o Simple integration with the microcontroller using few connections.
o Can be calibrated for different light levels to optimize performance.
5. Door Lock (Battery Operated)
 Description: A battery-operated electronic door lock is essential for the system to function
independently without relying on mains power. This lock can be controlled by the Arduino to
secure or unlock the door based on user input.
 Key Features:
o Typically designed to be easily installed on existing doors.

9. o Offers features like keyless entry, which enhances security and convenience.
o Operates on low power, ensuring longer battery life.
6. Relay
 Description: A relay acts as an electrically operated switch that controls the power supply to the
door lock. It allows the low-voltage Arduino to control the high-voltage power required by the
lock mechanism safely.
 Key Features:
o Optically isolated inputs to protect the microcontroller from high voltages.
o Multiple channels available for controlling multiple devices.
o Capable of handling a variety of voltages and currents.
7. 2 Lithium-Ion Cells + Holder
 Description: Lithium-ion cells provide the necessary power supply for the battery-operated
door lock system. The battery holder secures the cells and allows for easy replacement.
 Key Features:
o High energy density, providing longer operating times compared to other battery types.
o Rechargeable, promoting sustainability and reducing waste.
o Integrated battery management system can be added to protect against overcharging and
deep discharge.
8. Jumpers
 Description: Jumper wires are used for making connections between the components on
the breadboard, microcontroller, and other modules.
 Key Features:
o Flexible lengths and types (male-to-male, female-to-female, male-to-female) to
accommodate various connection needs.
o Easy to insert and remove, allowing for quick circuit adjustments during
prototyping.
o Color-coded wires help in organizing and identifying connections for better
clarity.

10. Novelty
Below mentioned points are aimed at highlighting the novelty or the unique features of
the project that we have undertaken:
 Use of Li-Fi Technology for Security:
 The application of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology in a door lock system represents a
significant advancement in security mechanisms. Unlike conventional door locks that
utilize RF (Radio Frequency) communication, Li-Fi employs visible light for data
transmission. This innovative approach minimizes the risk of unauthorized interception, as
light signals cannot penetrate walls, making eavesdropping virtually impossible.
 Enhanced Data Transmission Speed:
 Li-Fi technology can achieve data transmission speeds that are orders of magnitude faster
than traditional wireless technologies. This rapid data transfer capability allows for
immediate locking and unlocking of doors based on user commands, thereby improving
user experience and responsiveness. The ability to send and receive data swiftly is
particularly beneficial in high-traffic environments where efficiency is crucial.
 Integration of Smart Home Capabilities:
 The proposed door lock system can be seamlessly integrated into smart home ecosystems.
By combining Li-Fi with other smart technologies, such as IoT devices, users can control
access remotely and receive real-time notifications regarding door status. This integration
fosters a holistic approach to home automation, allowing users to manage security
alongside other smart home functions through a single interface.
 Dual-Functionality of Existing Lighting Infrastructure:
 This system leverages existing LED lighting for both illumination and data
communication, maximizing resource utilization. By transforming regular light fixtures
into communication channels, the need for additional wiring or infrastructure is
eliminated, reducing installation costs and complexity. This dual-functionality also aligns
with sustainability efforts, as it promotes energy efficiency and reduces environmental
impact.
 Dynamic Access Control:
 The Li-Fi door lock system can offer dynamic access control features, such as temporary
access codes or time-sensitive unlock capabilities. Users can issue unique codes for guests
or service personnel that expire after a set duration, enhancing security. This flexibility in
managing access is particularly advantageous for properties that experience frequent
visitors, such as rental homes or offices.

11.  User-Centric Design and Usability:
 The system is designed with user experience in mind, featuring an intuitive interface that
provides clear feedback via the LCD display. Users can easily interact with the system,
receive notifications, and manage settings without complex procedures. This focus on
usability ensures that even those with limited technical knowledge can operate the system
effectively.
 Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts:
 The incorporation of LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensors allows the system to
monitor ambient light levels continuously, optimizing the conditions for Li-Fi
communication. The system can automatically adjust to changing lighting conditions or
alert users when it detects low light levels that may impact performance. This proactive
monitoring enhances reliability and ensures consistent operation.
 Potential for Future Enhancements:
 The foundation laid by this Li-Fi door lock system paves the way for future advancements
and integrations, such as biometric authentication methods (e.g., fingerprint or facial
recognition) and advanced encryption techniques. These enhancements can further
strengthen security and user convenience, making the system more robust and adaptable to
emerging security challenges.
 Educational and Research Opportunities:
 This project serves as a valuable platform for educational and research purposes in the
fields of electronics, communications, and security systems. By exploring the potential of
Li-Fi technology in practical applications, it encourages further research and development
in innovative communication technologies and their implications in everyday life.
 Market Differentiation:
 The unique application of Li-Fi in security systems positions this door lock solution as a
cutting-edge alternative to traditional electronic locks. As smart security solutions gain
traction in the market, this innovative approach can attract tech-savvy consumers and
businesses seeking modern, secure access control options.