This presentation includes slides on the definition of crime and distinction between crime and deviance. It also includes slides on types of criminals.
Imran Ahmad Sajid
University of Peshawar
This document provides information about human rights and Amnesty International. It defines economic, social, cultural, civil, and political rights. It describes the history of Amnesty International, which began in 1961 to advocate for prisoners of conscience. Amnesty works to protect human rights worldwide and has achieved the release of prisoners, abolition of the death penalty, and changes to abusive laws and practices. Specific cases of human rights violations at Guantanamo Bay and against Australian David Hicks are discussed. The document encourages activism and advocacy to defend human rights.
The document discusses the complex moral issues surrounding abortion from multiple perspectives. It examines how groups define key terms related to pregnancy and abortion differently, which complicates dialogue. It also explores the two main positions on abortion - those who believe abortion should be allowed in most or all cases based on a woman's right to choose (pro-choice), and those who believe the government should restrict abortion based on the belief that human life begins at conception (pro-life). It aims to take a more moderate approach to find common ground between these opposing views.
Introduction to Social Network AnalysisPatti Anklam
This document provides an overview of network analysis and its applications. It discusses the origins and history of network study in fields like graph theory and sociology. Various network patterns and metrics are described, including density, distance, centrality, and structural measures. Case studies are presented on using network analysis to understand expertise management, trust, and performance issues in organizations. The document emphasizes that network analysis can provide insights through metrics and visualization to inform important business and organizational questions.
It is the world’s largest (6 million members) and oldest (3,000 years old) fraternal organization. Freemasons believe in the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of man.
Crime is defined as an act or omission committed against the community that is punishable by the state. What constitutes a crime can vary between jurisdictions and is influenced by a society's values, morals, religion, culture, history, and legal traditions. Sometimes laws need reforming to remove outdated crimes or create new crimes to address changes in society, like computer crimes. The features of criminal law are protecting society, prosecuting crimes against people, the state, or property, where the state takes action against offenders through police prosecution in court under the burden of proof of beyond a reasonable doubt.
This document discusses worldviews and what influences them. It explores major worldviews like religious views, individualism, and different cultural perspectives. It examines features common to religious worldviews and describes the semitic and eastern views in more detail. Recent disruptions to traditional worldviews are also outlined, like wars, technology, and global events. The document raises the question of whether religious worldviews are compatible with modern life.
1) The document discusses juvenile crime in Bangladesh, including statistics on juvenile population, age of criminal responsibility, and common juvenile crimes like theft and drug use.
2) It examines causes of juvenile crime like poverty, broken homes, parental criminality, and emotional problems. Treating juvenile criminals requires rehabilitation through counseling, education, vocational training, and specialized juvenile courts.
3) Recommendations include improving juvenile detention centers, providing education and counseling to reintegrate youth, and treating each case individually to rehabilitate rather than punish juvenile offenders. The conclusion states that juvenile crime is often a cry for help rather than intentional wrongdoing.
This presentation includes slides on the definition of crime and distinction between crime and deviance. It also includes slides on types of criminals.
Imran Ahmad Sajid
University of Peshawar
This document provides information about human rights and Amnesty International. It defines economic, social, cultural, civil, and political rights. It describes the history of Amnesty International, which began in 1961 to advocate for prisoners of conscience. Amnesty works to protect human rights worldwide and has achieved the release of prisoners, abolition of the death penalty, and changes to abusive laws and practices. Specific cases of human rights violations at Guantanamo Bay and against Australian David Hicks are discussed. The document encourages activism and advocacy to defend human rights.
The document discusses the complex moral issues surrounding abortion from multiple perspectives. It examines how groups define key terms related to pregnancy and abortion differently, which complicates dialogue. It also explores the two main positions on abortion - those who believe abortion should be allowed in most or all cases based on a woman's right to choose (pro-choice), and those who believe the government should restrict abortion based on the belief that human life begins at conception (pro-life). It aims to take a more moderate approach to find common ground between these opposing views.
Introduction to Social Network AnalysisPatti Anklam
This document provides an overview of network analysis and its applications. It discusses the origins and history of network study in fields like graph theory and sociology. Various network patterns and metrics are described, including density, distance, centrality, and structural measures. Case studies are presented on using network analysis to understand expertise management, trust, and performance issues in organizations. The document emphasizes that network analysis can provide insights through metrics and visualization to inform important business and organizational questions.
It is the world’s largest (6 million members) and oldest (3,000 years old) fraternal organization. Freemasons believe in the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of man.
Crime is defined as an act or omission committed against the community that is punishable by the state. What constitutes a crime can vary between jurisdictions and is influenced by a society's values, morals, religion, culture, history, and legal traditions. Sometimes laws need reforming to remove outdated crimes or create new crimes to address changes in society, like computer crimes. The features of criminal law are protecting society, prosecuting crimes against people, the state, or property, where the state takes action against offenders through police prosecution in court under the burden of proof of beyond a reasonable doubt.
This document discusses worldviews and what influences them. It explores major worldviews like religious views, individualism, and different cultural perspectives. It examines features common to religious worldviews and describes the semitic and eastern views in more detail. Recent disruptions to traditional worldviews are also outlined, like wars, technology, and global events. The document raises the question of whether religious worldviews are compatible with modern life.
1) The document discusses juvenile crime in Bangladesh, including statistics on juvenile population, age of criminal responsibility, and common juvenile crimes like theft and drug use.
2) It examines causes of juvenile crime like poverty, broken homes, parental criminality, and emotional problems. Treating juvenile criminals requires rehabilitation through counseling, education, vocational training, and specialized juvenile courts.
3) Recommendations include improving juvenile detention centers, providing education and counseling to reintegrate youth, and treating each case individually to rehabilitate rather than punish juvenile offenders. The conclusion states that juvenile crime is often a cry for help rather than intentional wrongdoing.
1) Crime is defined as an act committed in violation of criminal law that is considered socially harmful. Punishment is a pain or penalty inflicted on someone who commits a crime or violates their legal duties.
2) There are different theories of punishment, including deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution. Punishment aims to deter criminals and reform them, not just inflict suffering.
3) When determining an appropriate sentence, courts consider the nature of the offense, aggravating and mitigating factors, and the rights of both the victim and the criminal. Punishment must fit the crime while also providing an opportunity for reform.
The document discusses the history and methods of the death penalty in the United States. It notes that the death penalty has existed since biblical times and the first execution in the US was of Captain George Kendall for spying for Spain. Currently, 38 states use different execution methods like lethal injection, electrocution, or firing squad. Supporters argue that the death penalty deters crime and serves as "an eye for an eye" form of justice, while opponents note its impact on the families of both the victim and the convicted criminal. The document asks readers to consider how their views might change if their own family was involved.
Theories of Punishment in Penology and VictimologyVelikaDsouza1
Theories of Punishment document discusses four main theories of punishment:
1. Retributive theory is based on the principle of "an eye for an eye" and focuses on vengeance.
2. Deterrent theory aims to prevent future crimes by creating fear of punishment through establishing examples.
3. Preventive theory is similar to deterrent theory in that it aims to prevent potential crimes by incapacitating criminals, either temporarily or permanently.
4. Reformative theory views criminals as people and focuses on rehabilitation and re-education rather than solely punishment.
Terrorism causes, effects, and solutionsSrun Sakada
This document defines terrorism and discusses its causes and impacts. Terrorism is defined by the FBI and US Department of Defense as the unlawful use or threat of violence against people or property to intimidate for political goals. It discusses two types of terrorism: national (directed internally without foreign influence) and international (foreign-based or directed). Causes mentioned include social/political injustice, belief that violence achieves goals, religion, illiteracy, and injustice. Impacts involve economic losses from death/damage, societal fear and suspicion, and complicated international politics. Solutions proposed are education to understand cultural differences, eliminating root causes like funding sources, and addressing injustices that radicalize individuals.
Concept of probation and parole a critiqueVinaya Joseph
This document provides an overview and analysis of probation and parole systems. It defines probation as releasing an offender into the community without prison time but under supervision. Parole refers to early release from prison but remaining under supervision. The document discusses key court cases related to probation and parole in India. It also outlines the objectives and merits and demerits of both probation and parole. Finally, it distinguishes between the two systems by highlighting their differences in historical evolution, punitive reaction, nature, sentence structure, role of punishment and treatment, and stage in the correctional process.
Criminal law prohibits harmful acts through statutes and common law. It aims to protect the public from harm by punishing crimes that have occurred and preventing future harms. For an act to be considered a crime, it must violate a criminal law, be intentional, and have a prescribed punishment. Crimes vary in severity from mala in se offenses that are inherently wrong to mala prohibita offenses that are crimes due to restrictions placed on them. Criminal law is subject to constitutional limitations and requirements of due process and prohibitions on things like ex post facto laws and cruel and unusual punishment.
This document discusses repeat offending patterns and approaches to reducing repeat offending. It finds that most crime is committed by a small minority of repeat offenders, especially young men. Measurement of repeat offending is difficult due to underreporting of crime. Successful strategies to reduce repeat offending include using data to analyze patterns, identifying prolific offenders, focusing intensive resources on them, and using deterrents and treatment programs. Focusing on repeat offenders can be an efficient way to reduce crime, but identifying them prospectively is challenging.
an illegal act for which someone can be punished by the government; especially :a gross violation of law.
crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes.The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.
Amnesty International is an independent organization that works to prevent human rights abuses and protect victims. Its vision is a world where everyone enjoys all human rights. It has over 2.2 million members and supporters in over 150 countries who work to end the death penalty, stop the use of child soldiers, and ensure basic rights to housing, food, water, education and healthcare are upheld for all.
This document discusses capital punishment and provides arguments for and against it. It begins by defining capital punishment and how it is carried out in India and other countries. It then summarizes two recent high-profile executions in India. The document outlines several offenses that are punishable by death under the Indian Penal Code and provides opinions both in support of and against capital punishment. It also gives statistics on global usage of the death penalty. The conclusion discusses the debate around capital punishment and the view that it is a barbaric practice that has failed to deter crime.
Victims of crime face significant costs and hardships including economic losses, psychological stress, increased risk of antisocial behavior, and system abuse. Crime victims experience post-traumatic stress, lowered self-esteem, and fear of repeat attacks. They are also more likely to commit crimes themselves due to the cycle of violence. Government and community programs aim to support victims and protect their rights through victim compensation, advocacy services, and self-protection measures.
1) Crime is defined as an act committed in violation of criminal law that is considered socially harmful. Punishment is a pain or penalty inflicted on someone who commits a crime or violates their legal duties.
2) There are different theories of punishment, including deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution. Punishment aims to deter criminals and reform them, not just inflict suffering.
3) When determining an appropriate sentence, courts consider the nature of the offense, aggravating and mitigating factors, and the rights of both the victim and the criminal. Punishment must fit the crime while also providing an opportunity for reform.
The document discusses the history and methods of the death penalty in the United States. It notes that the death penalty has existed since biblical times and the first execution in the US was of Captain George Kendall for spying for Spain. Currently, 38 states use different execution methods like lethal injection, electrocution, or firing squad. Supporters argue that the death penalty deters crime and serves as "an eye for an eye" form of justice, while opponents note its impact on the families of both the victim and the convicted criminal. The document asks readers to consider how their views might change if their own family was involved.
Theories of Punishment in Penology and VictimologyVelikaDsouza1
Theories of Punishment document discusses four main theories of punishment:
1. Retributive theory is based on the principle of "an eye for an eye" and focuses on vengeance.
2. Deterrent theory aims to prevent future crimes by creating fear of punishment through establishing examples.
3. Preventive theory is similar to deterrent theory in that it aims to prevent potential crimes by incapacitating criminals, either temporarily or permanently.
4. Reformative theory views criminals as people and focuses on rehabilitation and re-education rather than solely punishment.
Terrorism causes, effects, and solutionsSrun Sakada
This document defines terrorism and discusses its causes and impacts. Terrorism is defined by the FBI and US Department of Defense as the unlawful use or threat of violence against people or property to intimidate for political goals. It discusses two types of terrorism: national (directed internally without foreign influence) and international (foreign-based or directed). Causes mentioned include social/political injustice, belief that violence achieves goals, religion, illiteracy, and injustice. Impacts involve economic losses from death/damage, societal fear and suspicion, and complicated international politics. Solutions proposed are education to understand cultural differences, eliminating root causes like funding sources, and addressing injustices that radicalize individuals.
Concept of probation and parole a critiqueVinaya Joseph
This document provides an overview and analysis of probation and parole systems. It defines probation as releasing an offender into the community without prison time but under supervision. Parole refers to early release from prison but remaining under supervision. The document discusses key court cases related to probation and parole in India. It also outlines the objectives and merits and demerits of both probation and parole. Finally, it distinguishes between the two systems by highlighting their differences in historical evolution, punitive reaction, nature, sentence structure, role of punishment and treatment, and stage in the correctional process.
Criminal law prohibits harmful acts through statutes and common law. It aims to protect the public from harm by punishing crimes that have occurred and preventing future harms. For an act to be considered a crime, it must violate a criminal law, be intentional, and have a prescribed punishment. Crimes vary in severity from mala in se offenses that are inherently wrong to mala prohibita offenses that are crimes due to restrictions placed on them. Criminal law is subject to constitutional limitations and requirements of due process and prohibitions on things like ex post facto laws and cruel and unusual punishment.
This document discusses repeat offending patterns and approaches to reducing repeat offending. It finds that most crime is committed by a small minority of repeat offenders, especially young men. Measurement of repeat offending is difficult due to underreporting of crime. Successful strategies to reduce repeat offending include using data to analyze patterns, identifying prolific offenders, focusing intensive resources on them, and using deterrents and treatment programs. Focusing on repeat offenders can be an efficient way to reduce crime, but identifying them prospectively is challenging.
an illegal act for which someone can be punished by the government; especially :a gross violation of law.
crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes.The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.
Amnesty International is an independent organization that works to prevent human rights abuses and protect victims. Its vision is a world where everyone enjoys all human rights. It has over 2.2 million members and supporters in over 150 countries who work to end the death penalty, stop the use of child soldiers, and ensure basic rights to housing, food, water, education and healthcare are upheld for all.
This document discusses capital punishment and provides arguments for and against it. It begins by defining capital punishment and how it is carried out in India and other countries. It then summarizes two recent high-profile executions in India. The document outlines several offenses that are punishable by death under the Indian Penal Code and provides opinions both in support of and against capital punishment. It also gives statistics on global usage of the death penalty. The conclusion discusses the debate around capital punishment and the view that it is a barbaric practice that has failed to deter crime.
Victims of crime face significant costs and hardships including economic losses, psychological stress, increased risk of antisocial behavior, and system abuse. Crime victims experience post-traumatic stress, lowered self-esteem, and fear of repeat attacks. They are also more likely to commit crimes themselves due to the cycle of violence. Government and community programs aim to support victims and protect their rights through victim compensation, advocacy services, and self-protection measures.