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This book is a workbook designed for the study of the listening comprehension portion of the new
Japanese Language Proficiency Test which began in 2010. The new test contains a wider range of
listening comprehension questions and listening ability is measured in various different ways. This
book offers exercises specially created for learners ofJapanese who want to take the test so that they
can become accustomed to the test format and get higher scores.
Exercises in this book include those in which learners can enrich vocabulary and those which
involve reading and answering questions. You may think that these exercises are unrelated to
listening comprehension, but, in fact, they foster basic skills. Listening comprehension is just
another part of understanding Japanese. It is an activity in which people comprehend the gist of a
story by utilizing various techniques such as knowledge about sounds, vocabulary, sentence patterns,
context' and topics. Use these techniques efficiently, and practice while reviewing your listening
skills in order to get closer to achieving the listening skills ofnativeJapanese speakers.
The structure of this book corresponds to the listening comprehension questions in the Japanese
Language ProficiencyTest, but, as mentioned above, the aim of this book is to foster basic skills to
develop listening ability. Consequently, its contents are not only for those who want to prepare for
the test but also for those who want to use this book for their regular listening classes, or for those
who want to do listening exercises at home.
{& Features of this Book
1l This book's units are structured according to the Japanese Language proficiency Test.
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Task-based Comprehension
Gomprehension of Key points
Comprehension of General Outline
Verbal Expressions
Ouick Response

2) Thir book is structured so that you can start with exercises to acquire basic skills and
doing exercises which are close in format to the real test.
Step
I
Step
I
Step
Acquiring basicskills lExercisesl
These exercises help you to acquire the necessary skills in order to be able to
answer each test question. There are four exercises: hearing sounds, vocabulary and
expressions for listening, hearing grammatical patterns, and understanding the
feelings of the speaker.
2 Checking what you have learned in the unit [End-of-unit Exercises)
You will find these exercises at the end of each unit. These exercises have the same
format as the Test.
3 Answering questions with the same format as the test [ActualTest Exercisesl
We have prepared tests with the s"-e-format as the actual test. The number of
questions is different from the actual test, but you will become accustomed to the test
and be able to checkyour skills with these exercises before you take the test.
3l The aims of the exercises in each unit are as follows.
O Step 1 lExercisesl
@Hearing sounds (Units 01 .02.03'04'05) : Some sounds can change in spoken
langrage. If you do not know about these changes, you may not be able to identi$r words or
grammatical patterns, even those that you know well. If you do not have many opportunities to
speak with native speakers, this section will help you to recognize changes in sounds.
@ Vocabulary and expressions for listening (Units 01 . 02. 03 . 04 . 05) : In spoken
language, there are often words and expressions whose meanings are difficult to guess or
understand from their sounds. In this section, we deal with onomatopoeic words, mimetic
words, loanwords, words of Chinese origin, and honorific language, and you will study listening
and understanding.

@ Hearing grammatical patterns (Units 01 - 02. 03 . 05) : It is difficult to have an
immediate understanding of the relationships between speakers or the directions of objects
or actions in a conversation. In this section, we deal with modifying nouns, the causative, the
passive, the causative-passive and benefactive verbs. These are grammatical patterns that you
have studied in beginner's and lower-intermediate levels; you should become accustomed to
listening to them, too.
@ Understanding the feelings of the speaker (Units 04 . 05) : There is more than one
expression that can be used in a certain situation and we express our feelings and intentions
in a number of different ways. This section contains listening exercises focusing on various
situations so thatyou can memorize avaiety of words and expressions.Youwill also practice
listening to fixed expressions such as salutations which are usefirl to know.
O Step Z [End-of-Unit exercisesl
End-of:Unit exercises have the following three steps.
-
First, do Exercise 1 by yourself After this, you can check the key points to see how and where
you need to listen and what you need to consider in order to answer the questions. Then try
Exercise 2 which has the same format.
C Step 3 [ActualTest Exercisesl
We have prepared two tests which have the same format as the actual test. The following table
shows a comparison of the numbers of questions in our tests and in the actual test.
N3
Actualtest This book
6 questions 5 questions
l0

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:t:i jt.:.::.:::;l t::uii::i;ti:!;:ii:r::r.:ri::r;
1) lExercisesl
lExercisesl have two sections: reading questions and listening questions.
You do not need the CD for the reading questions. You can check these with the text, so practice
reading carefirlly and understanding these questions.
You will need the CD for the listening questions. Answer these questions while listening to
the CD. There are different types of questions such as those in which you write the words you
hear and those in which you choose the best answer from the options provided after listening to a
conversation.
Here are some examples of exercises for understanding the feelings of the speaker .
.,You,can listen to exereises with this symbd,. '
,,theCp. Herc,listentotheGD and considar
the ens to find tfie best answer.
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- 6. qlBdons .Fh, od choo* ihe b6t answer fom anong thc cioices. In these hd of_udr
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3) Ttris book and its answer booklet
In addition to the above-mentioned exercises, this book contains the transcripts of the contents of
the CD at the end of the main volume. When you want to check the contents of the CD with the
text,use the transcripts, referring to the number on the CD symbol t f) I beside each Exercise.
The answer booklet contains answers and explanations. You can refer to this when you want to
check the answers for exercises or when you want to know how to answer the exercises that you did
not understand or for which you gave the wrong answers.
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The oudine of the listening test is as follows.
1l Test times
2) Range of scores
Level* [i!!S ]rS:,
flt 'v l[$:' 0 - I20 points 0 - 60 points
3) Summary of linguistic competence required for each level
N1: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations,
news rePorts, and lectures, spoken at natural speed in a broad vaiety of settings, and is able
to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents comprehensively. One is also able to
understand the details of the presented materials such as the relationships among the people
involved, the logical structures, and the essential points.
N2: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations and
news rePorts, spoken at nearly natural speed in everyday situations as well as in a broad
variety of settings, and is able to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents. One is
also able to understand the relationships among the people involved and the essential points
of the presented materials.
N3: One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken
at near-natural speed, and is generally able to follow their specific contents as well as grasp
the relationships among the people involved.
N4: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations encountered in daily life and generalh.
follow their contents, provided that they are spoken slowly.
30
Lisxqning,
N1 110 minutes 60 minutes
:,l{$i,' 100 minutes 40 minutes

n
l
N5: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations about topics regulady encountered in
daih, life aod classroom situations, and is able to pick up necessary information from short
c0rlTErsrtions spoken slowly.
l| tpe of test items and numbers of questions
N1 N2 N3,'' 'N4.,.
. nl5
I Htsed Gomprehension 6 5 6 8 7
t hrehension of Kev, flrints 7 6 6 I 6
.qhnchercfion of Go*oral' Outtine 6 5 3
fbl Egressions 4 5 5
$runespo"se I4 t2 9 8 6
-fraa Gomprehension 4 4
fltffices of test item types
l@l H+asea Gomprehension: test ability to extract necessary information to resolve specific
hnq md understand appropriate action to take
@)gfatension of Key Points: test ability to narrow down points based on necessary
;m$;rmr*rn presented in advance
r@ihll:bensbn of General Outline: test understanding of speaker's intention and ideas
fuquelltst
(@$hd E4ressions: test ability to select appropriate verbal expressions by listening to
mrmrn*trrces while looking at illustrations
l@ll E Fesponse: test ability to select appropriate responses by listening to short utterances
gm$ esquestions
t@,*ffreO Gomprehension: test understanding of contents through comparison and
ry.o of muhiple information sources by listening to relatively long text
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At work and in our daily lives, we decide what we need to do next by talking to the
people around us and obtaining instructions and advice. In Task-based Comprehension
h r: ,t
-iRftEJTE4'l,
you can measure your ability to extract the required information from a
short conversation and your ability to choose the appropriate action correctly.
{t{tlC tff.f[,Li{.F, H'=,(FHEJE; '.iti5.
((5rJ^l[+ifrft]l?.Lr"rl€il. iq'il8
- r ffi i lel4+a S'H " " i4 F4'E,q+ " nft Etf iltl i** eU 6,t{.1Rffi fi! 'Fi ift e u,f 'E't' + A E
.4, irFii*ifr trfr8w4wfr86fr'rt)&l+.
"Jol+ ^8Ff +.rl^l +zrEg +E {t*=4 "J5l'l+ ,l^l+;to br ord'J Lr
€-"11 o11dF
"j "J€- A!61--a oJ#Llrl.'il*ll ol"-,1 r i :]* "l"F'5|+F] +9-"J
X{= *ol-Er. slE},1-€rkl- sorl g "Jg gEf =Ar !qg -: o.,1.=.: ;36}=
E4l"JLl+.

EOFq:8ry td U) ^.,'ffi#
: : rrr,iTE#r nlaffi < ffiga Lt-l-, fff L *, : L lroeDFaiiiffi-r alcart=l kl
ir/.o /c 4. ffL+f <t6l:eD13. i-11*1'tta67: I A,) tt=/s->/:0 Li.t"
(prl> Err.^.6 [*ra DJ * lie&re DJ
Ertt*.bb l?A,re4>oJ - l?A,rs$ A,)
[c*arrv.-] * f">*.A*wl
In this section, you will practice hearing WE I /" ) (the sound of the kana "n"). When speaking, [.tJ
is inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an ercpression or to replace tli or I fr by I h ) for
ease ofpronunciation.
ftErTtffiE+!,+F.nX "t-".
qTlql^.i= gg (t#B) l/-J g
==
€+g -Jq+. "Je q +qg g"lE ,J4i;l7l +16l
ol t-A,lol EqTlTlE 6.1r, EJ6l7l €Zl 6lzl g6lq r-flr+ 7€g gol l-rjol gzls.Elqq.

affi *r5eh'EL?.} *5er,
C DAFir(. Err{b??! 6 tZ6I=6651s (. ffr; TttzEtE
r,r( ( /i'd t,r"
tr
(frU) E ot>fi'bTto( 6 t"-rr Dtla" Js&rr D
( 1 ) fi/sfrf r7r /:-" fr>tL. hi#rFo'fi. /rt: b lrv."
Ith
(2) <0+6, <ot. * t: L<tiv.<.
t:
(3) lrl:/.4*/et.ts&)"
(4) Zao)t abrrl < bi't>/rLr,Ltlia.
bl:L
(5) ?l,taa l)+ levrI" 6 a LffiLvoo
&rb r
(6) Lt Dv.nF/eO('. /lx('ti < J, L L/cI"
ti tih,
Q) A: XD+/jr.b ->T, ?A,razl'-t I i L< !
3>c
B : /j-,1'. Svr&/j6O.
6 /.ljt' rf/"rfn
(8) i - /u, :omffi. +*t>tt't2fgtt]-..s&).
(9) ?/'tsl:/c ( AZ"A-rb/u/rvr&"
JrZ ltt
(f0) BiBD13{vro Fi.c/:fa.
39

6r)z)'t,t
ffiffiAfc[>0) 'tIE, (1) /
E+ffii:tJ. Ff, . Z6Et#l*#;B (FJ ,'H o>Eo [:r-u:j"r:J)
5 Ll,r -
Atf#tr;+ (fiJ : €Fit*a < ( [v.6v.6] th) zJ:tc< E /-bv)
3 I < &t"/L(v)6 Ar, t)rt'A LEfljrf.
t' h/L t 5 trr r'
ffEE;E.MffiFE
:. L
=tE-E-
=rIr-r
trF:ft
P,
^PVJaffi+
*f. {.il:ffif L
In Japanese, we have many #t*ffi (onomatopoeic words) which represent sounds that we hear (e.g.
[:f 11:tI]J for a rumble of thunder) and ffi,EQE* (mimetic words) which represent the way people
and things are (e.g. the state ef [v I I tr: 6 ] because the train doesn't come). These are usefirl to know
because they are often used in conversation.
fr iE +,H P? tHP)F E tu1 " ilF id " ( ir tz 8 F ffi " :r E :1" rl "
), #7F
^ET+hffi
fi * H! " fl/*id " ( lr
H+BE7F* +t+E H.W ffi "[ v. [ 1' t, Jt a" ) " 84id tr iE + HlF-tw*,+ffi tr&HE* *tpfi tr "
"Je.olql= fl.il 54= +g +4,1= gcq ( d : dEl4q r+= = (:rEl:fI] )r ) e+
^l+
ol+
^lgg s+g +Ell-ll= g Eil"l ( 9l : d;lzl llxl g:ol^.1 iql€+€ ( vr f r,r 6 )r *;14 )
7l *ol 9+q4. +"1 "Jg "l zli rl*9 oe "Jj1 ilgE €4'Jqr+.

f,
et
(ffr)
(r)
(2)
(3)
{."t)
{5)
(6)
nrffirr ( ) h,bnrx"
r. tt,{ r,' IitL
4& /rirH FnA i ,. D, ffiri (
ia L 8t; rll
n-6fr b/evt$o)I. (
,.sAr.Lt* L/:i'" ( )
) i:rs-r(3/:"
7/
) E,biL<. !ffiu /:"
,'< r:A
6E=RL< ( /j 3v.*a"
.:
#!2-.
gr o
"
I661Lr(.
A"T</i'dur"
.E,L'>/:
bra
I e *'f (Fatrrv'
il
I o-4.b6lrvr
I e.€.v.r
I e/:<3i,
L,/-lfr.
] C,L.HilL/:
@ |nftzl';b bv'
6/:l t.t
@ eGriffiv
@brt'Dl:(v.
@ lrA'lsT
tt
@ frfr.i:
t:0)
@ +U/-fa
@ J:'-/ei.irpr.1fpr/j
*{, b6
@ fiI$6/rHv.
o4r
C lrL
@ ffiH tzl'If (
OLD
@ -Afc
hE4
@ Hv/:
.ir4 t, z' $ct <Z t5 4h'
et
(nl i
illt i
(2| I
(3r I
({} [
(5t I
3 h' La
.:-,.;;,',,;..t;, g 9f ffitt(. ( ) C; Ltfa=t(< /:'{r,r" HE*zSrtrh'6lg
,,i$|€f,t 13 6r, u Lr t-.
'' . rteA{*. #*Tffid* L x5"
"t
o r.6i:tli$i a
thaaEt*-B+ ( abab ) L<#st"->aL*.i"
?0><cti,-tl:b. Fv.7rt- Fl: 1
o : uottl
dlz$Lo)+ffir ( ) L(v.*f"
) <"f r"
4t

**o) Fqt Bry U ( 1 ) -H#i,Uhff c r I
EAEF(ii. lfiLo+l [*irv. tsft) aJ i i:. ZorHiao>nrcZrH#t6tii-f a;+
LriLr(ti?
ffbv) *f" : tLtt@ffiFn:c 6lElDr. tfirrq -/:E) t:'itA,AA^6 ffiry-l aI i l:
'f€v.*f. rfr.6. [H.&o t Stt:.W+t#.i-< ( /iEc /:fr,4) aJ)raDLF.v,W'l#
t2
gf rr*. l-H&o L 3 i:&+a #.2< < /:'a = /:l iilrr afi',lAbrHllr,&ldiffiarr..
ftl&.*rmr.av. L *;i. rl *-rt/,. * /:. tffiHI oFJo>& i i:. ,Btiiffir+l.hXi#ffi*'
bb.Lba t)t'r" i.o.z: v tra'ii'r,Adffirabytififl.fifrB, :z:v l.02ritffi
<f*BtL*.Lri"
InJapanese,weputmodifiersbeforenounssuchas lfiLa+),Itir-v./rlE] .Thisisalsothecase
fot MffiFf (modifring clauses) such as lflirHa /:4] , taitraA-i bttf-).Therefore, in longer
modifring clauses such as 1Bffi.0> L * tt.W+t#.2< ( /j 3 c /:ft41 , we can't identify if tHii
at3t:&+t#.i<(/iSc/:lisasentenceoramodif,ingclausethatmodifiesthenoununtil
we hear the end of the sentence. As shown in the examples in the Exercises t $X B I , a modi$ring
clause can contain another modi$ring clause. In this Unit, you will practice reading sentences with
modifying clauses and in Unit 2 you will practice listening to them.
H iE + I* " tL o +" " * tvv' rs lE" Bt+, E -,!-b AEI U H tr trAffi IE ffi trrq. E t+&A- e tAtH
EIUI&friEIqtfrEiA, Ftlts, "tLrtrH.->/:4" ". tt/,A€- bfr.tJfr". Wtft, l^ "Ht*.a L 3l:ff
+ t #. z < ( /i I c /: 9E E' ts++, ffi a+iK tv tftEi^ tu1 id4l",Z^nfi TFvtr, #i4f[ €trE -a im " H
&.arcryryt#.z< ( /:'F '" /c", [€H*Mrfrtrffitrta1FlEiE" fr^, E J?frZl fr16tJEJ+ , H
fr Et + n FiE + tr € € i€ " # tuL2*, 2 i* .df+ tu1 6t +, 4n oz tfr4 Fn .d.t+fr Et + "
dJeq"ll^l= ltLa)+) [*fuv.rrlEj e]'J"l B^t *q:7 B^]€ +46]= "Jol gl+qE].
ol= +4€ql^lE pl<lzlzl=. lfiirHc/cAl t;ril"aA^r6*!xJ 4 zJ"i #L]4. :7/]''E
lBtfr.aLSriw+t#.z< (/:3c/eft,+.) 4 rJol 4* 7J +4€ql^J=, tHita;L*i:ft+
t#.2< ( fi6: /:) zl * E*oJzl gg B^l +^l€"Jrl ulzlr,]zlz] Ezl 9+9tr g + S+
q4. E*, t€+r 9 qEql^Jzl=J +^lA oJql irl€"1 gl= a+E *+q+. Unit 01 9lr.l
=
+.1€"1 gl= Eelg gl= g+, unit 02 ql^]=
==
€+g EI^]4.

EL J E)I'LLD)LJ( # IJ?d,LI
*.tffil:-T. e=AfgEftfrfrr6zttfEl l6Eit(. Znt#EAL(t6 t z6
7I
E_Ad1lt(( t'dut.
l: 0L * J'< ht:L
Et-' Kf "r (v.6nir#(v.6mtt. d,rrr+I-4 v L/clE a>ltf"
ILE IIL } O} L
#E E l-ltb? : fA&;d A,Au A )u& fr-( vr * f i'"
. |iln €"r/cv.6 Of.ffi.hf:1rr $ O. bza ?
* &) , 4$ lir.
:T * /: c r,1.. = - L --E^& fr,a)Eir.l.z /:"
a (i a<L l,' ,'la *J lf Lr
r vaE < dlrsll Lv.&/jll L. dLAH i fj#6lsvr f. E ( l#FJf {> /av."
L]6t'
OL ltli! tt. L a ri L :! l*/J
clc)ultiffivr(vr 6*1|.,'afro (, v cL x l3f 6tt$l:u v.(ff L/:"
43

*Le>aF,lffi
;R€4ffiHEomru|t.
'IToiB
4 rf"
Vr,tri
o fiir,ilHtrHrdlIaHt<.
@ EilFjdft(r'6#ffinh (x++ i -z t ) tarshtbtj€nfl<.
@ € i-trgFtr6Eflur(. F€fiitio:++5E€i*+lr* Enti B,si,
:o t* LEa)FdE-J clr. #Fe&ffirHffia. HHl.;tru'trrd,<ffiBa L* Lr i.
*f. CD 2ffivr(FdE t t&r'<a( < /:-fl v:o c3'ox- )Ez? t) 71. L L y hrr
t u'ar'' L
b9 *f i.6. M*fiazy tcrt,h-* L r a " zab L. p"5Ez <'-. *Hl:FdEaErv.
<Jri. L r i.
Task-based Comprehension (-#84ffi) Exercises should be done according to the following steps. 1.
Listen to the explanation and the questionl 2. Listen to the conversation while looking at options (text
or illustrations); 3. Listen to the question once more and choose tlle best answer from the list. Practice
doing Task-based Comprehension ( -# Fg W M ) Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test
with the End-of-unit Exercises (* L EoPf,FE). First,listen to the CD and do Exercise 1(F{FE 1).
There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next,
answer the questions in Exercise 2fffrW2).
f{tr4ffi tr+ ffi tr ft,lffiEjtEl?ln -r .
Oryfinii,BEfflfEtlt.
@-ia€ifr?S-LFtEf+4 (t?EXzrHtr), -i2ry*8.
@Fry-EfE hl, rl.r6f+rF +)e-+FAtr F!6+.
1#tr€l 41r!nEfrU14i*-f+iFt " E#t*4" . EltEfi cD fiFtfr4 r" &T-FEi{FE*E
Fll?frffiF4&R+ftrs, iEji+>l€Effiffi#J5 , %trffi*4fr4 z"
+4 ol dll Ed I EEg 4+r+ A+q 4 .
O t+ €€Er+ aEEg E=El.
@ .J4Ell gts riqzl ( Ezl4 oJalle ) E Htr^.1 +Eg
==tr}.
CI r+^l * H e+Eg Er dqrl 6ql^l 7l+ 4€+ Bg _r=4.
ol r€4 E4lr oil^]* 441 oldllg E.4l= d41.il Tlvl+ €qi-e += €+g -J^14. +d
CD E
=i1
E4l 1g €{ u-4,t19. 4+ qlol,zlq
^rB
Ee+ 6JEzl 9l o oE Enl €olg -S
€g +E6J^14. :49 , i:412 ql^l d4E El]l= Eq B^lq.

d$tr
Bn
3- ff,l TrrEi < ?
a!r, tf
4- f,E#iBi (c
6Lt:t t.tJL g Bfl/ I t,tt
;OHHr{I, :f fElF"l6Hr,(< t'dr,r" ?nfi'b;66p6r,r?. T0)
1f 5 4A+fi'5, fr€ir60)A-cit6lvT< /j d!"
E,L I
45

M
ffir
(z
F
M
*,D
^ttEa
1-> L./t'i-* f 7).,
bLtt Ut <j"t,t" HtJ bt/J UL
, *a^t,EtrriffiL(vr *t" f-DLttL"4)
L.rt'*-*fi."
]dhLbi ,'
ba, JEfrabb<.Hc/: (:ir. 6 i atrfl
el +
( Lt, ("""o
t i /"Jt] bt:tt
? futtF L;Ra6'v. * t/,. f Cl:ffi Lv. 6 o
L btr
L *o'E( CI lr ZL * f. lEl D {) OrI 4 Lv.("f
it.
ZZ,
"
i rf ia"
r,6
->leaTtta"
""" &>, : ia, CHfr lti/s/1'
iZ, *raaEl:l.", /:tl'i. vl o>OffiLvEr
f. abe>rctrEv.*fi..
* *rv''f f ia" L"i L i i rt,ta" &>, a ot'tf
4/$v.v.lrb" &)oi. @igaf+f 4>a;ir
ot rt'2-a$ vrvrA,(.f /."
tlv.. tl.:: i rf. &ff*ri$; t"ao>&E,a,
,'i? h'i! L I*6
tiAA *"'iE L-f bi'*:ttAv. v. t /j 3 * f ,r.
? ) Ttlt," ......@+ ->trf.0, Za'6.a6 o L
i.,i-( ( /i3v.,
,.L:*4*L/c"
M
M
1.
2.
3.
IED(a
r.4 bht
&i:Bi ( z
4rr
7+f 4 TrrrE j 1"c
h L/t 6rr
6A.t:L t2th Z
i O)F"lFET{I. * f HF"l A h:t ( ( t' d r,'.
t&b' $ct Ue
t h'6 4A+ft'b. F€Jr60)A-cit5/1"7< /j {rr.
o@...
lfit|;teD->txEl lffiLttrJ L. ec?rr
(#L(r*f.
They ue talking about colors such ff [ffit:ar.2/:
€,.1 and lffLt,.ts,] .
"ffi I./e /t' - t:8 "
# Lv'6", .**El^trfr&. "
lffil:/rrt'2/:&,1 t#Lv.€l 4a 4gq1 11;1r1
"J6li1 ""t+q4.
@...
7 t 4 > htEa < ) l.'f 6 D t a Tr'+ Z< t *
'r"
She is wondering if she is going to choose shoes of a
different style.
traEF-trg.tft-e{t+atEF!#"
q4"J"l += ++E grl qgzl c46ln 9l+q
rl-
@...
lf :ldUl htrF4 2 l.T-{ " lth'aiV4 >
A < ) Eh Z6 Z Z. 8# Z* I'fcht. &)EA
12|,=6 tcT I ZOtrObA I tE:(tt*
t"
The key is [{'c if D ]. She thinls about choosing
shoes of a difierent style, but then she re-thinks her
decision, and, in the end, says I io&aL>a) , refer-
ring to the first shoes.
"{' c rJ D " EE.fi " ii'ifr/l]!,aBd46g.& ^HE *,
QlrA" "
[*,:lf D ] 7] s"Jtr"Jq+.4= qr]S19 ++e]
tsl+= aE c4*zl"J, += 4?g 7i.e 501e+
^l f .o&.0)$o) I zljz "J6lr g+q4.
ELI z l
B&t Z LI:
Znh'5;EAFq:r(. To)
4. fE&rrlEi ( u
U $A r'rh h'
Efta i ?,(",t&ffi i
2. tls0aabt&'fr<
,'L'L
"
()t <t" b
*1I0> )vt:E#tt b
t'}| ifLr 6t'
tA {, LoWFfit:Rt
3.
4.
u
Ez-t

E HE;E0) + T t*. fH+o)ft*+b p*tr XE l,( Fql 3 fl : fcr), fc < A L
O€+FO+D b,Z'9.ze{:o€ryU,H ,r;l L<t*f " l*4 > l'.IEfi4J,i("t*.
z a & ) lsld 3 fi hrT 3 6 h' t a rt, E;H1J,) *T " N 3 T r*. Efr L +O;ii,H"
E H A Efl 3 ry Zffrffit)r eet T A"
In our dail'r' lives, we listen to and correctly interpret people's feelings and intentions
rs u'ell as extracting pertinent points from large amounrs of information. In
Comprehension of Key Points [,$4 7 l.]8ffi1 , you can measure your ability to listen
::r the above manner. In N3, there are a number of questions for which you will need to
":nderstand the speaker's feelings and the reasons behind what they are saying.
- _ T -= i -.' i. . Jt fi I H 4',; E t Ffa rEffi {,J .T F!,t,ts {F H tr, /^'Ra, I
j .i. # nfr H E E
= -'
= =
. -
€.* ryft4 " l.di € illrl irt €f + ftYh fi1. Ni +, 6 4W4 ffiH 4 :RD i{A F,f t#ii.i*'
-j. -:;' --?E.
:_ r'- {.i!} Eort^re arr}19 ?1tsolLJ gEE 3u}= rtl g.tF4+, "*g d-S +ql
..'::= r 'l lL o .- d*l
-'.t
e-l E,'*l I
:: - .: ;l 4-q r:1,rlI gl;LlLi. .g,"JE ol arl , qi
^l =
ol cl 6J E-ltl /ltsdJ (l
:-:r.'- 3 (r6Lr rrL N 3'll^l= sl+9 g€ol+ ol+E gofE= B*llll- "*+q
.- : r c H-r*t.
=-

z<8L
EOTdSIilIO Q) ^,{EE
Z<Ah llitri
[c] r*< l-'fE#l Affi< ffiHA L*t" #'f L *.: LtfoHDfrAffiffif 6icrbt=f cl
ir.l,c fc 0, Ilft,q)Eir [-] tri$t> -> /: 0 Lg 1'" fr vrtt 6 0>/:AI:Et1:41r - r-,
6 L*f.
(ffij) Brrl6 [v.:gl + [v.acbJ
Ertt*.b2" f::r.6_J *[Lci.bJ
Inthissection,youwillpracticel-'fEElwhicharewrittenwith[aJ .Whenspeaking,[aJt
inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an expression or to replace another sound. Some
words are changed for ease ofpronunciation.
tfr.ZlfilBF "c". ii,ifrFj, €BfXTSEjE*+i6liF, +tFt{Eg "->" , fr,#^HEffiE4,ll, "o" "
'HW h ( kE rt {FU.+ U+,E,F. "
[-l 41 2l= r+*({E*)r g
==
g+g'Jq4.'J6J 4 +q9 9}']3 7t76l7l +16}"1
loJ zl
=q7lrA+
4E. €-ol lol E d6]7lE'Jq4. 'J6]71 +Zl 6]ejjr gol E6]7lE *q
4.

A re :::T::.
H':''&t,2--|,6z,Z6r:ffia#1.,'r. #; zt#t#
,rt
(fl) *roffior'+, L<6*:v.Lv.&/i"t(" L z({>
(r)
EN
(3I
(41
(51
[6]
(?l
(rl
(s)
(r0)
ZOTfi- l', f a'( /rf,lt7rt7ro
f,a ( L. t-l aA
:EtJH#08-t1'l4vr(', Hi("f c <atLlf ?
l+tt. ba&.t.- * 4 f&&Tv./c? jli.
atr*Aa, th,
tiE*< (. EfL( b /-/a.
9iEL Si-rr( 7)'1.
ao)i. ts.LL*+At:fizl:.
G rat( * i''
ft I LiL.
ft. E;r. b*/:A ?
E,i.r.6 bDtP * f DO ( |t7rfr/rfr r
/li
$i <z< bffib i fi'"
A. #S" +ttq iilsbu /c"
l
l
rE
49

6 tih'u' fJL r
ffitrflOfca>A trF,Q) .-,r{
6 L 6 LflElffir:-/:i L tl'rrF4;f l: ts-.,c4rat fl!:il;*l LrytN*-f fffi=*uffi
< ). +ffii.blFbttlcc- LIJ'ii/: <e/-b r] *frr. ASbHR6. 6 L aaLlJ'r.t,
E b "c ( L * c ( v. b a t g:?4 v' T -f . C D a,fFJEl 6 Efl v (. g 2 ffi v: (.c.imrrb r. 6 j
i l:gg L( ( t-3v..
ttl'Xffil (loanwords) refers to words which were originally foreign words that have become
part of Japanese (these do not include Kango (words of Chinese origin). There are many words
of English origin, but many of them differ from the original words both in pronunciation and in
meaning. Listen to the CD a number of times, and practice listening to the sounds of the words
in order to identify their meanings straight away.
IRftfttfi9fr-,}-lidirArtEliFtrrll "rl*'#" (ixi€irlhfl'). H1W*iAIRAEjEiE, ItrEXhE
iE tl *iE D) tr, E€ f r H,E #FT lE TtrX fr rd " F eEfi cD tfr n, H Fl f Efl EngtEfi4HB "
g4l e.l+qH'l 'J"l "Jts"lzl € 49 194"lr 4-z PE'LI4 ( aJzlq=. 4lel++). €qql
^l 'JEqd 'Jol g.ol glzl"J, *gE 9"lE 949 "J4= Fgq4 4+71g#qu}. CD€
qEld
=q^.1
, €.9 E_r 9"lE .J + gjE+ €+6ld^le.
:. L
=--A-
=4!
lE-l .
trEt
5t,t ;.
Tr7=tt.
/NtrF

trE1
ffiLr. (
g9ffqlrr(. (
tt6t D L"t ta
tf86{*, #Cfffid*L*i.
Liir'L'
t 2.tt- ) tfrfl'lYL*f.
) {:; t rf t#v,< < t'd u'. #pftrrb fi, b rs
E#aL*ar
ffiia /: L 3.
i. a.-
l'EIl_- {
2
i3
i4l :,f)
_ -a!._
,, 5l t,'21, tr tf(. (
(
ii^.tlt'
fr,+fi (
a
,ft l-r. rOT.
it I- r rot,
:4
{t I- I ro-r.
:l:
) r,:6-26Y, (
)t(
9x:i if Lr ,
ffiTt o>tkilit4.i-/:
i):-) rr
Baiir,:Ii < at trD/:
t::i Lt' ,'
ffiTtt 6 E &*.i-/:
) ir6 bi-*.t"
) L(a/:v."
^A*ji
) 0:ov.<. rutAL* L/:"
) u< < /:'3v.* L/:"
n2Ea :r r'
ifrfilr,:>ItlL(v.6 "
Jgr
lilil)tr
,i/L t /' $tt aat) bh,
E2
C D Afq:t(. I0)H[*L t(f €iEg fs*:@tCh' 5@O+t' b Z6
/LT < t'd ur.
o:t:. I.h, ll/JL 3
i ! I l6eblF*t:ffi6ffiv./:
d;t:' - ' r' L:'L /:0)
2_ H&rsltsXt:ftSA*Fl"/j
- o:r,:' 3: i' Tl-t)
O tr&rslE4tr=F.ffi&zJ'Il:-:
"-:.:'( C il/t
: o;JEtrBHfri./.6
i_h 9 -)
: o-FlElt &irv.6
.-:,;,( h't)
: oFtEttij#iri'/.6
'rI
t
:
-
J
'
:
a
t
IL
rLLillr t
'D rii il
5l

(s) t I ehifruH#. Hiri'1.&.ror
t'o)ti x 3 i*i, t.i,!li ,'
@ ffik ..J'ftit. EIJ*.rrA.h -: fc
'o)Ur
8r.t/, L0 A ,'
@ {E4lrFiE, il[DFrr*.b c tc
(4) t
(5) t
rt't-tr l.(t. Vrrl, 4Ut
O A#tr7ft L(v./:HH r ffi/t'->tc
,lt.s t<t,' ur'/" ttij
@ A#ll+tL(v'/:HHI DF< lt lt,-s/z
,'t.$ j-rrr ut)'L s
@ A#fJ?tL(v'/cHffi6 r i L"-eKir.a /:
AlJi D$*ri B:<
o trrbL(. l€*[:E*tJL<Lt ->tc
A lJ, tisili t
@ FLh L(. E+1"ft11'is7'-7.
hltl Ue{ri } r)r=.t) .
@ trrf L(. {g#rr*St, cle b L l:$ft1:9v.7.
52

g
xlto)FqlsryU e) -Hlrai#;Hd Czl
f;E c DAFq:t(. HE*rrAi $otLbhT( /jdt,t.
(fi|) t 3 I C ): r5/-ii4EAlr( L/:"
a v -aa,l*H!4 &rs 1L/:"
I )= raz-.,l*HHtL-;/:.
{r} i
(2il [
ffi3,0 [
fr(tili I
ffismr I
ffiif,flr I
i,':1. t'6)l EL L 6
e fl.1* ffi o+tEla'6 l: fr>trf /e"
'.'si. ,/:L l*L L 6
t W ttttâ+t Elit, tr: brf /c.
r€-;l ltj" ,'
g 4 tr+aHa /:"
ilitt' ,'
t ft,+ttYff- 16$vr/:"
.€/!ii(. r.6 D t
2 fr,+.ttL,t- F A 6 a -F,iftA,ra"
t.':- 1..6 L' *
3 Atr L,ri- F a 6 a -qffi/-li"
:r( Pif e, t
3 fj*fl /-lt lll E 3 l" l:Av' i3*/:"
Z bEFA,lJv.f&zJ'->/e"
?=r t?( 6 r'
3 um 3 /-tJfiE8 l"l:Av.l?Tt->/e"
i i:i t't' t :i
3 tr€tiA=#('El-: /:.
.; !;: ?* /j litj
g trFlrilJ E 3 A, [3Efi Li.lllc"
+t: n't.f V2{/
3 um 3 i,rJAffi("HH L/:.
Ft- ir<tr. Li Lj ,'
1 alr Lra 0 a, ,
â++.tt.fr*B&H
L/:.
,r<.tlt' n/:L L L j h'i
2 t ts9 ar =
zoY+.rrf*f:fr++twt-/:"
rt- ,J< tt- ti L j h'L
3 Elr t t0 a, ,
â++.t&fr*B&iE
L/:"
<{: ,l L €
3 t > 5 i,ltElr' b *.'H+Af.+z ( 3 /:"
<{: ,. L 6
I +2. 5 A,ttElr. 6 *j++A++.r ( 3 /:"
n'L
3 +l, F A,tt'rr v 3 /,i:*j++a a*tf b "
)- ;rZ llt'
oiDr. z i
9 ZaVa |J66ts#,tftete "
13 i tit lfr.'
3 fi*lf#olbl=L2/."
ffilTilr I
53

*LetoF"lffi
,f'4 > l. IgffiFfiEoift;/Lil, U,TOE q ac-f
"
Urit*i
O fitt-EHEEX LHFfiXU H: < "
@,r"-xd)Fprr:. i*iin[a;nc.
tluf;( L
@ EtRffiA-H,Arr56IArd<,
@ € 5 -trHF6r6Fq:r2. fffiin*io>+rr'BF€iEtJl/s Eztz B,si'.
./) [* L EoFdFE_] rri. >t4 / t rgffior"5FEa. EHI:;6 v'y,,a&< $FH t ut u
r ). *f. CD amv.(F{EE t&64v'<h< < /jeLo ?8a;^<- rtt.+r't) jl tu
>trt:;a0*trt,b, fu*fia3yt-fi^*Lr ). <o>&>&. FdFEzr. Effil:pfiE
L
tffiv'<^*Lri"
Comprehension of Key Points (ff4 > I'&M). Exercises should be done according to the following
steps: 1. Listen to the explanation and the question; 2. Read the multiple choice options during the
pause; 3. Listen to the conversation while looking at the choices; 4. Listen to the question once more
and choose the best answer from the list. Practice doing Comprehension of Key Points (,t4 y l.IE
ffi) Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L Ea;Fd€).
First, listen to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( PdE 1 ). There are transcripts and hints on the following
page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (Pfrffi2).
E,fr}Effia+trH F!EAJ|F]?fuT"
Ory,ft7X,iH,BEfrtEtlt.
@*B'f++FHl'Hli*ET+4.
@-EEr{6tH!it1+IF, -i!ry*B.
@E ry-EfE I
"1, /dit++lF + r$-+trAtr Ft6+ "
IHE Et^ArEEEACh4lA-f+iFt " ,84tfr4" . EJi"EIi cD ffiErfrZ r" T-F€i{ft4H!*B
y+rtEffiEE&R+Fm, Eil+Z€ffiffiffiWr5 , f*trffitrt*n z.
s.oJE "l6I E4g 6Eg 4+r+ a+q4.
O tl+ €EEr+ AEE9 E=4.
@ .Jrl cxl;l=. F"J"I d4zlE 3l=4.
@ dqzlE HE^] EEg E=+.
@ trl^l + d 4EEg El d4zl +ql^l 7l* 4€* Elg r.=+.
ol rc4 E4L .il^13 s.tE ol6119 E4l= d4ql zl,tlx €4=. += €+g -J^14. +d
CD E
=7
+41 1g €iq Hd^19. +* qlolrl"l
^rBEe+
sl=71 glgo=. Eril +olg a
€g tlE"J^]4. r4* , F.4lz ql^.1 dnlE E4lE Eq B^1tr}.

FilE 1 t#,/l-T< /;'8t. FHt;E+F":hrf t'lst. Znh',5;*Afq:L'f . lo r
6Lf:t La$A. E
- 0)F'1FET[1. * f HF": 6Fqlt, t( ( t' { t, t.
J f ch,L
zafr, t. YFatnf;( rt,
6AL A Lr.
EZI
1&fr' $.t Ot
lI 6 4 A+h'6. E€ Jr€0)6-c )t 6 A"T < /-- 6 u"
$ct
teh'
t.
2.
3.
*; -'
F:i
*&t trD /ti'-> /:rt'b
ael :': "'= J L
f 0)^ir#ffit 6: L i: la o fez|'Nt
fi: li O: :;- lio:,lL* iit (.|
ffifi L LO#ffi*rrE D B t: rs.lert, b
&i i. c ^'-:;-"-Z A't)
4 - lEAo)sG*t:iiarrrt-lrbrt b
I.
l;
l,
t
L}
It
t
'f
I1
I a'
ll'
-.
(
F
fF
It
r+
lp
F
rl

M
4L: U L hhtt t.f : li lr hLtt U L
nDLL.h,a^t)tffiL(vr t?. f|ait*L.i L<
I r-a
ffiTtt{'e>kDTtrt'"
:-lvtl2t.. ?f L I r:i r
+E X, ffJ*tW.<ffiftrf.t1< l"C L J ?
t
D.?i ( A,ti">rJ ?
t:.
&>b" Xtrt, <tL, fivl.tr?ts -> t, p -> /:a"
Z? eftaAWZutart,->t:?
@ei ur av.arrr r', HX*rHl J#*&-r a
aL0:tt->To
It':ltLt 0 r:a n'5
@f${6rt L fft1Tir6/r. 6 <, .; /: oi..
a. oElaEHj o" ( 6. fi1.$1u. a 6p
,' Lr J: i t,',i! t. r'i)
t H. - fe 0, *EWtr:T-r - /: 0, t:1fr,v, t &>Lf
,'r?
/:0....... @Js-dijil"
rabttl.ra" * a, ffiqiw*.f:ttrf bfi't."
F
M
F
M
F'
M
F:
bLb
ka
< 1tJ"
LIL O r:a
li L' i l-<ffiti t + i>tco)ft lt "
1.
2.
3.
4.
,'r' L
" ?3-
a +I t ffia> r& zJ, -> lc zJ' t>
hl"k Ot U.:L
4 o rrffi ilE-f a: L i: rs 2 /:fi, b
I)r.i @iCl" ticakL* *j/J r)
ffiTt LF-âffiMfrrrFJ D B i: ts -> /:tt, tt
@)CL U.al'L* ,'?l
h.
ô;ffiM;t
i: fs arrr.r. u r. n
o@...
ZALD lffra*hsRhrehtctcJ (= l-*tl#
'lf,.y> fs ht c fd) tr;? t (. iE a I E ? f t :f !."
Her answer to the mmt question, f tr &-'/t W.tt/tti^c
/: J (= you couldnt get time offwork?) is that time
offis not the problem.
' E ffi ih" 6 4 A:Wtt/t tJ' c l:" ( : "
*tl-h: tr dt lr -h' c
t:"), kt16il'7 ts+]g*"
Bzl9 |tt4rr{[.llu*tJ'c/:) (= tclrl€€i
9.94r ) "il rlidlol olul4a "J6la g+qEl .
@@...
za
â
z t $a ralaa lr* tE u E r;/16l
Et a Z ET't ht ?*r€iEa t=: (L r * f .
The man sap, [Err6.l , which mems, in this context,
"to be on the same day''. However, she says that it is
not the day that is the problem either.
H*I|F, "&rez" € "lElDEt:AA" ffHE. iEt
t6rITB+rE#.
*zl7l "Je [Err6l
=
fag Bol gr]r 4:. *
olzl+, r4E "Irl4a "J6l"z 9l+qq.
@...
l*r$rrhj albz bt"E$t nr $*t " < a
Hiit; lffiEHal lt6HEtt< J tstZEc
-Ct lf 4rr E. I ts#ht h'h' 6 J t lD z t<t .
She omits the words after [*j#iria] . She says, [,EE
tF ) I md t+6Hi:{- < -1 before this, so it means
"it will cost a lot of money".
"Ferria" trEfi FrAAffiT. EtffiiH!+E4t "EeA
H ) " "*EW.I:ft < ", i9f t-llEH€ "j3#rrr.r'6".
rr$+irtar I g+Eol c+gq g+q+. rd
ql |IEAH) t t*EW,G'ti| Fol4l "J;.].2 g
o Eg f E_ol E4r l_ F"JL] rl_
{et
Ez-I q l
gL/:t' ,.L28'tv 3 vf,
I .t U. h,L fiaL t Utz
t#,A"T( /-.dr'. "=Fa.E+Fdhtt)r)*t" Zftr'bEEtf;:r(. T0) 1
- rt?' tct ot
h'6 4A+h' 5. E€Jr€0)A-2Zb/LZc< t'{tr.
€AL f,
I . RfttN,Z/:vr/. b
^ t -rJ*
2 . *[Eri&L)r 6
3. i 63v)r.B
4 . 4qtrrffivr/.6
56
Ez-t

Afr AfHl < e 8, fil',feb t*a* 4. f,c' f,c' * r) t -iBfrFt 6 L t a ffr 3 f, A L * f .
,!li .J e,t, tJD'
4 Fq1 3 fr Tt. [ffiglgfi+l t*. Z O & a B: S trJ T 3 6 h t a h &)F]J 6 f,1ffi
, i:L
T-f. l--#EErSfi4J p l^4> t.iEfi4j 8Eu.
^yeF#<Hft-HF":f;Fql[f/a
Lrtb. ff# Lf r"1FE[-/J:TLr*f.
Ve don't always pay attention to every single word the interlocuror saysl somerimes
ri-e just listen to get a general idea of the subject in question and whet the inrerlocuror
lvants to say, In Comprehension of General oudine tB*FigE4 ] , /ou cilo measure your
ability to listen in the above manner. These exercises are quite dilicult because it is not
po,sible to Iisten to the question before listening to rhe conversarion as in rhe que-rions
in Task-based Comprehension [".Ri.ErSEiJ or Comprehension of Key Poinrs * I >
l-,48?
jti,Jf rtrEr./,.if.iFFl. tr+ REJtqltS{filr!X" --P trt ("j{. .;r:,-'i-.
=tfiL
It /t #,fff ,r!E Ht . "'fqfr g rs fi4 " lft{i{ g!,i,rr € tr j
ifr EE EI|E T j3 f + r f 1 !
' =,
_='' i.r
1ltq-fr#" "E,frtrjfi+" 6tr, lEj&/tEliG.tr*i'iir,t1.+!+€t,rl ol.tI. '-..i.dr=i-:,.lit!
-r i4ftrtq(fi"
ololzl$
=g
ql , +4=-g ++ ql€ ol6l6lE^J E;Lttri. ii4zl s9ig.,j
;l-a {e<l , d;i4_g__tr_ +E.ll EtldHC E6}r ?=,.l Fg ^J4dl-=
=7l"jqr+.
izll.9 ol;llr:. olq+ ETlzl zl-r;a3z1"l€xl€
=€6}=
+4loJLlrf . ig4i olailr
el'I.J.F ol.'l], el,*al . g33 ts'l 3"ll gE3 -J€: glo EE Eri q.lg
=,rl7l
El9+qtrl.

EoFd8ry,U (3) ^-,?offi
H*t .c.*ffi?t$ffi9'6',:d>t:qfr.*>*t<, H#r.t *.-/:r. LtJ'i:,16a L116 0 *'f "
tr,bL z<bL tti+./,
v) *.t. .of i t:. E+=ffia++BUrrB (ffiH. fdg. H#l lr. -#f L 3. v. bv,bfe
Errrypo(v.*frr. lfr.l:6. Rrr4?, birAfi:&)E tf" :a(''l*. Htf e, ?0)
llr.o E * 3"* rs#a*.lV,tffi < ffiB t L i.t.
(Pl) Err,^.6 [Dc L.]
Ert*.hb l?afi'l
L],9r(
AWetLb lttA,t a tt")
- [Dv, L_]
- f?'cl')
' ll,lA,t lt:l
FE are also used to emphasize meaning and can be inserted into a word which does not originally
have a FE. FS can also be 'f,EE ot can be dropped in order to shorten words. In this way, these
specific Japanese sounds ( ffiB' 4EE, F€ ) change to various different sounds in conversation. There
are also other sounds that change. In this section, you will practice listening to :F€ and various other
changes in sounds.
i T 9E iEH+.H.*H, A ffi trJ Utr#*lLHKE F! iFJ + rr,^,KE " fi ,1, H H! KFAAFi,fEE, A'
F{X T ffl fdii,fri6 nKE . ln t Ffi.d, B iE + ffi E,}-b++r^E (f&8. {EE. KB), A* pmifr,ifr Eia
k +&ffi *(1, " WrlLZ, l, IH fr tl - e F.e B A F!,F /n " ft.gtrtfrz Efr KE &H E &ffi +A H! E q
"
**s.9"1€ 44i;l7l g6lq
^l+g"l , ar*ol HgH "Jql EqTl= 4g_= g#,J4. e
+, *gol ++ ( {EE: ) "l qz+ "Jg 6}rI ;}4_r zr*"1 gqzl= a+E g+q+. olx.l,J
'J+qg +€+ g (+g (tr#), ** (ieE), *g) e "J-J "i "i4 €"e tr6lzlEl, r g
qlE *ol H6l= aol gl+q4. qTlql^J= *+r+ r e,lg +"J6J *g Hsl= E= €+g EI
L-]4.

SireilEl-7d*tre/.j"
C D tfq:t(. E7$gb 2<t 6 t Z6 EfiAttltr(, Fl; ZteEtE
r,r(( t'6!r"
fi# 6fif El6 Ec < 7alib a "
lab
<Lt.)bt
( 1) A. Sf,gHfLB s a /co
+,
Ql JitfltbtstuK, a>tuEa 4f vr/ab.
ir. ,r tri't. 4-
(3) ;otFE[, {, i _-.ElEftLr/3o
(4) A : fir. b, ?.rrig a /-/ii."
(5)
(6)
{7)
(8)
(e)
(10)
B: <irt'" hzJ'-;te !
t':t ilt.=a hl: Z Vfi ^^tii
+. +&T# Lv.*Ifii ?MWL ( v' 6.
LoUt, iJ
3c 3+fiirr*$*l 0 t.l-tz"
Et. Lh t t'
6 i ro tlrl L"('F ,q
tt "
tt E l.*,'i
tAE E A'/s b, /c-> /:4ffi -> le L. : A /j I.
EA, 6
?o+fe b, ab balefsrcE,fe !.
i'/*taA,rr, b t cL *JH,4L Ltvra L rr.
tBt
(fr)
l
l
l
t
t
t
rE
:..
,++-=
I
I
I
I
I
L
59

6*)t't,t :' L h'/1" :
E-EF'#<Bn (3) ^,iFE=E ( 1 )
ffiffi7>ha>0)
iH;+lJ. i€#o>YttittriJa <, iftl^h 6Hi(r,r1317r L. ffiv./: L * i:HRrtbfi,0
*rr/.,,. */:. tElDBrHffir'e;14;t @1, +'Azrei*l *.a6 L 3 , ?affipikba
X.l)'bt Z(rEg /r il i t i- btlA ttrutJ'A q *t /-. ?tttr:, *.*ttii;.< v.6 6 a (FrJ :
: (t/" z tlL rJlLo tlLL.,
fuW,/ffiFR, e+/kfu 6/:(ELerq *f" :az=v l.(tflElU=*ari€;i+. r-=.y
t- 05 Trrsi.,fl.r.rv.al4;Tiaqxrl irl* L/:" * t, t.t#,/-ri6*aij€;Tia.i- 6.5jfiF
HA L(r.5, ffiv,(&Mt6#*H & L* j-.
To master Effi , you need to memorize both the structure and the readings of the characters. If you
dont do this, you wont understand the meaning when you hear them. There are some i€i$ that have
the same sound but different meanings (e.g.*F,/EH ) and you will need to select the appropriate
one depending on the context. Moreover, there are many words that sound similar (r.5. fuW.,/ ffi
tlp.' tB+/ft'E ). I" this unit, you will study rEF* that have the same sound, and in Unit 05, iHFF
that have similar sounds. First, practice reading the sentences and choose the appropriate iFFF.Then
practice your comprehension by listening only.
inigi-"], zFfi.qiE'ftin?frfli, tr4its{t^Hi*ix, 6fltjryfljB+FjfiFj,f4ffiZF.aerilffiH,tr*,E.. xf
fl4E+xHliri€i{ (Frla:4tr,/8ffi), Fr,r.tTx*flBr^HHE" m_H., f,.aHlt)frt4 (Frlgn:
fuvft.,/F?W' )E+,/ t:-iw &H1F.-4 " E+Fnt nE*w.i€irt, Fzc os tfr,z p,EMa)FliniEE.
J6l&t Z r, i*EJA, Ef+EgFliniFid. fftrffi4f;l z, t#,If,ffiH,**r$ffiqH"
*zl"lts txl9 €4lB"J olqe} 9l= HE Tlq6lxl 9+oE EHg 4 r 9"1€ "J,.l x*q
4. E+, A+ €.olzlu.! elulz| += +zlq (ql: *F,/F:W) zl glg
"l -,t dF9 EzlS I
46I"J 4€+ qg
=4ol
EI.l'} . Alqtgol ul*€L a ( q : fr.w,zffiFil, &+,/ft)E) E *
ol 9l+q4. unit 03 ql^'l= ag gg *zlol , unit 05 ql^l= gol Eli* *zl"i€ trl+H+
q4. +d, Etlg 9r. 4€* aJzlolE -tr.== €+g + +, flE+
=r
ol6l]6l= €+g *
qEl.

.s% I .tr46si T ,rL :
*.t#,/LT. I+EH( < 6tr=;FAO@h'6 iLb A..T ( /j{ t,'.
(fr|) f4*t/..,rs { oe;FJ @ f,'frU l &v'/cfi!t*rlA,r..
(r)
e)
(3)
(4)
(5)
r@l
rel
I
I
t
t
l
I
I
I
r
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
aCIitrr?Liirstu1-, 1 e.a.*ll. @LrN l rfia"
€/'ltt. L."ti a /"L!i U e Si i
fr4LrrHdFolcd>, +EoifXlJ { O*€.ft @fFfff }(.f"
J*/,a.e I @ffi)J @dfin l L(f-((/iEv..
zo) I @* @ffi t rtLffit$v.r(/j8v..
B+ffiB { O BEd @
^+
i l:ig6L( < t8v."
tl
tl
tl
il
tl
t$ rc coa*r'.. ffHr=f;2 <a##tu,'bzb/vT(/i'drr"
[m I oaEt @a$E I
(t) |
(r) I
[r] I
[{} I
t5) I
O EIH
@il*
o,t+
@ *rs
O E,L.
@ NEH1
@ ffit*
@x#
@+H
@ F€,1.
6l

X;*OFql8H,t'J (3)
.LJ A
F.H.
frrtI6/$6a,/<tla
tA^8 +a I (&iL). [Aî btLb ) @b. [A-i( 6 r, i.] tA-r(6 rf h ) (fuii.ry:.+
blf 7' ,/ 6 ,' a ,/ < XLb) L v.-2 /c;f{tJ. Hv.(f <"i: tt*Lnr_l tttrLi:l Lf:art,
tE.ffit7aoItWLv.L,H,v.*f. * /:, ?0) [L/:a L t#ftll l*. )ttUv,a L/.,
v.f /r a L r. fr 4 Zts IJ fur,f ts D t. t /-. - a (.tl. * f , t/Lrr Lftfi' t ffi < $FB t U<,
z a bL . Aff a; g *t,tfull+4fi 77 v,zt,z btffiH t u *. i "
In sentence patterns such as [€-Fri6-] (IFIH , [A^rDf.-b) (*.H) , [Aî(6 6i_] , tA
'i(6 tf 6 ) (ffiAilf Y,,+ fr>lf b,/ ir ,t a ,/ < na) , it may not be easy to understand who did
the action to whom straight away. Furthermore, we have to consider if "what (s)he did (action)" was
a good thing or a bad thing, etc. In this section, you will first practice listening to who did the action
and then you will practice rephrasing the details of the conversation using lfrtf-. or *.H .
"A^rAt6' (IFIU. "A-i btrza" (Wr./), "A^rr 4) t' a " "€î(6016 " (t)Jra17Y:, + *,
rl'6 I {> r, j r (1L6) +h14.., qftrgfsi.4tlrLffiF-rqx.lrqffin-6)J(Fa11"t&fl" Fn-tr, trg4ffi
fls + ^Jr
tF E+- H x. trE+ ,it' ,tr ffi . AB e, Jtrtfr 4 Efi ft1FI&fr dr lF, ffitr 2frz Ifr H IL1prtn +8.
ax$&+irtF!86"
[A^rair6] (
^]sl ), [€^r6 rLb ) (+F ), [A^r< 6 D, J t€-r<a tf b ] (F^]i€ +
frrtl6 / { ba I <tua ) 4= E€g El rizh ri+.ilzlr + a"J7}= E}ja ol46}= ag
"lB4l C48JL]+. E+,:z t* a (F+) t 2 zl* "JoJzl
.de "J"J4F C44ol EL']tr}.
ojTlql^l= +d izl aJ 4"JzlE
==
€+g ala:.4€..il olslg .j+g
^lq"l4 +*'o=.
Hl+l "J6l= €+g -JqEl.
t, zz
-{F{q.
(-()
::l;::;:;,;;,;,,1 =
g:*l c D aFq:r( . f nhrl,ljnt,=uf;h'te@n'a z6 /1,7 ( t'd r,r.
(Ftl 1) {
@[2) {
(&1r3 ) I
?*/j
O ilJEe/-
c il83/-
O ilrE8A,
f: lcJt'
(D H+ 31"
f. ttl'
@ E+a/-
fc tth'
@ m+e z-
l ,r5FA L ->/co
L T L,i,
l ,r5E A L -> /:"
LPI-A,
I z)rgE A L .c /c"
tol
rel
f6-t
L€-
62

t
I
0)
tt
t
t
t
t
vg
It
I
(1) { C+i>A/'" @+A34, lrt^iv&HLl.e"
i/:L tl"tl" ( 6* *i <
(2) I efi @1i+^ l irHriX./:"
(3) I CrrS/- @rlan lrr { OU>e/- @r'tet-
(4)
(5)
r6)
r7)
{8)
rfrlt
{llit I
{r2il I
il3tt I
(4lt I
qlSl$ I
!;l ,i'L* 4
tL&#t F,Ie"
A.iL l*it
te* @E
I e 6B13A,
i e ilrTAA,
: t-
i 3 fiF8A,
i e FA3l"
'-
=.
i:O
ftSAffi/-/j.
I
:*
lrrE6"
df a Bk 6
@
^FE
/- I ,rAA++z ( 3 /:.
3 &i
@ (EWE /- I ,tv. DUD/:"
ff * ir( t
@ ffizlc8& I ,r [6Ll:tliEittrv.("] L.E->/:"
l: tth' f: tth'
@E+A/- I ,t { C l'AAl" @E+3/- }
tt t2 L d, i
f,82 C DAFq:t(. *Ff;0).e.-*t-6a +rDtD@h'626luT< /:'dt,r.
a!: oL ht h rll L JL /:a
t 9 I e Ear^l**,a Lr,l-itS&*F* ir-l:"
hi.:: UL. bL: Lfl. L -t fcl)
2 *o; Lr,tHa Lr,:tLSa*F *tv/c.
e:: {}L blutt LiL ,'l,rJ
t flo> Lr,tko> Lr,:+.i- E"rt/:.
:;,- tll $t: t_|t ,,rrr
2 k o> Lr,*H o
^t:4,i-
E t /:
"
t.: Ot blttt LrL h'fc
t E at,,tlr/do )0) ts t 3 7 t Hcry T fr>Iffe"
?;-! r}L |!J LfI h'tc
2 k0> Lr,tH O )a.,sy 3 > & HCIJa- *>If /:"
e.: tlt bLtt LfL 6Ei t'
3 4 a; ; lf Aar ,, l: it,c.* 3 *r./: "
t;-': OL 8t: Ll& ,$i t'
2 ko> Lrdry o,, t:itH 3 irl:.
;.: O t- bLtt f-i L *
T 4oLttko^tt+/:"ri/:"
e;":: oL 6l: LiL *
2 ko
^ttHD ^t?t+-:
( 6 b ->/:"
'i.: OL b|tt Ll'L i:' * I
3 ry0^l*h,a )9,: E FB&Ffr* tt"
!.-: ob. b!: L)'& i:, * J:
2 f o
^tt
H a )ur,: E -"-"1"&
ifi,* tt/:.
63

:F L bOF.lFE
#tF4ffiPdE a:ffi.tr1td^ l,]ToiE t] rf "
Vttzri
O lfiff,FHEE*AF: < (ElF"lIttffit'r/*r,)
"
^ rtLtz( L
(D *tAfql < (EfrffitIEIJElld fr(ur/rtr).
o EI F"it t E ? d)ff ft # 6 r': r' (. E{fi{r&o> +'r' a H €, f6ii rr E z ai b .si"
z o> l* L bop"lEl rr*. MEwmrra+ea. FHI :^tv,y,,c&.< #XH t Lt L x ) .
*-f. Co 2ffivr(PdE 1Lfuv'<Jt( < /j6vo ?Sa;x* tI.7r t jl. L L 7 hrr
U'dl'' l:
bv)t fi.6. ffi!fia=y*.czJ'J** Lr ). <afr>L. Hffizr. Effil:FdFEaffuv.
<4".tLrj"
Comprehension of General Outline ( 8[44ffi ) Exercises should be done according to the following
steps. 1. Listen to the explanation (the question is not included); 2. Listen to the speech (you will not
be able to look at the multiple choice options); 3. Listen to the questions and the four options and
choose the best answer. Practice doing comprehension of General outline (lWF]wB) Exercises in
a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises * L EOF"1E. First, listen to the
CD and do Exercise 1 ( FfrE 1). There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips
on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 GfrE'Z).
Mg}Sffi B+FE H fr! E AJIFFiN I.
ory&nii, qE ( *E +inafE tlt ) "
@ryrEX*E (if i+tiqtrEFE++U) .
@ry+E tllfr E +)ft++fr , r,1, + r&-f trAj6 HqA+ "
E trEt >lrn E ifrut 41rt-f+ifi " E tt"tfr,4 "
" ftpfi co fi,Fxt*z r . T-FE i{FE F!*6x
+ffiffiffirk*+Em, EE+ Z€.ffiffiffi+|r5, *trffitr2*4 z
"
4-q ol6'fl E4l9 EEe 4+r+ A#q+.
O *E* €BEg E=+ ( €E+g rJexl *=4 ).
@ eEg E=4 ( dgxlY .Jdlql glxl g+ ).
O eEEq a zN$ {$xl€ E-r. dqxl +"il^l 7l+ 4€* 4g.g 1=4.
"l r€4 E4lr "I^.lE zlle olapg +4lE d4lql 7l4l& €4e += e+g *^lEl. +d
CD=
=-z
+41 1g ol;l]aN Hd^19. tr}g qlolzlq .rBEe+ 6JEzl gl o oE +41 Eolg
s*g ++6J^lcl. :49 , +.4l2 ql^l= d4l.E E4lE Eq B^14.

;6Fdffi{1. €A,tz121"T E/vtelttj ilr'tffi< F:ffiTf" -EfrO)Hf
V2<r/r lltt e U161"
EgFpl 6 b r) *, E h. *,fFE 6 Fdr,' ( < tr' 6 ! ro ? nb 6. Hlfr E E lv
Z 6h' $cL r.r'&
fz( l, arfir(. t h'6 4a+h' 5F6trr60)a-2iL5A.T< /j tr,r"
EiL I t 4l
65

lf < tt' litj
+4ltrff L<vr * f,
ttL l: ll,/! :
Â:ri bt C
F : f,{tr H4;+tfu,& L(v. b /--.ctrtt, iH+rr
r'6tf.&t:L'^,{ /} i'l: aJft uL n'/r
-#k*.=ct" O#_8U 6 ffi Lv. Y, *'co)iH
U I i'l: ^l':r i
#I=@--tfi,hfirtrft ( t kfr>"c<, Mlr.t bo)tr?
It/rt a E n' j' ttt Er'
491:ffiH*:i'i' D * f. f,l'llz,rN vri - hA
2,' trj ill,U i 4 t h'f: 2b i't:
fEa (, *t:1gg 6. "xt=6er5 P@,fF_!rAA
h' t/"L< bh' a tJit
$vr(. H,Ha+ A l"r.<*F,r@H;i6 g iG
r: lt/"DA t6 n'h e
L v.*f" L 3 U* H4otsliLtt"W+a
t < f:0)
? 4 At(F-(6 6 <>a, ?l+tPbt. ,#L
^r'-:ri
<fi4dftr3*fj"
bi.& L! t tE ttt
ta Nttttt3?!(af; L(v. * f *..
h'/" D j i'r:
r . H+o-ifr Jt-hlz<>v'<
n'/r C /t' ilt
2. H+o€*fl:cv.(
n'/r C, tJlt h't
3. W+aH,Zh l:?v(
,'/a U al' i'lc
4. H+o&v.Fi:u v.(
o@@@...
l*ttj l#arfrJ l&Ltr'l tLazZ.l{W
*.t L" l*tÎ*4d!r- N€f{: (J n,6l*.
za
âE+
oH. zl tz) t < # L ( r * -f .
You heard the words [€ * fJ,lefi,&h ], lf€v.6j,
but that is not the main point of what the speaker
wants to say. [f{ll4.iv.z:* Ftftc(l refers to
how she memorizes Kanji.
*E+Sr4T "*3t" "ifi,h" "tev'h' +,4tr
EB@AF^€iHifr/giifil+4^6. r. "Au4. F
v. n - Ft&z (" +ffi , EB+l6ii,,f&,qr,fqiBit
+ffi"
t* 3 ,6l lafrh J t,ft',.tl += ge +e4 "J .
E* d4ql^-l "J6lr d+ ag "ltsqq. [fdl*z].
iv'n- Ft&a(l ql^l= ol
^lelBol
6iJ4E 7lq
6l= *H"l rldl^l "J6lj1 9+qEi.
Ei, I t 2 O 4l
6,i,/i0 t 6A.t:t, IttL *i.
L 0) F"1EH. t A. tzrr t l" T E lv ts taur & a f| t ffi< Hgf f .
=tOAi
LaSL _Ett Z t2$h
{:EIF":Hbtl*.8/1". *,f;=EtHurT <t:dL. Znh'5. HF"i tE/r
z 6.tt itt ue
te( LaHr(. 1 #5 4A+h'5F€Jr'€ Att:ci:6 tvT( t't ur.
EZ I r 2 3 4 ]

fjFFr€ Uht) - €Sr;;ff: tev)t 6 t 3. fiLfc6'*.
,3?3,1Tfr->Ttt6
tr?o t ftrtr v6 t {. Lc tr" t ht & 7 6 LT {*t * -f . z o I #lfrt-rEl,1:
"F
Tt;: :r::T 1 1:.'-
r a
^
6 r, I . # a 16 i F,1 ffi r f " 6 L d ? f {n#.
#Ef &.:lR&56fi. tD*rfr.h:Hffid *r* -f
"
When we ask a favor or ask someone out to dinner, we select the best and most
appropriate expression that we know. In Verbal Expressions I t# ;fr t ]-E I , yo., ca.,
measure your ability to immediately select the appropriate verbal expressions according
to the circumstances. This includes expressions such as salutations, requests, and asking
permission.
n'iJrFie"-kEUAfflr-K F. ffiSErJAFZi(Hf . >GFJIil€Hl*ttrd l.,. l.lhdtftA
'l-'i*.'! -iF :*r-!' /trrlidr;7i-t tE'-62Ft:-qH,l.Gf f jE ,i'h+fr1j"';nE.d. ,'HuE1J7.l
=r. E'i.!E jg. F,.: jS,RIIirF"l T.&.dtA..
+q+ 6lZ1+ 4^l.i aqlg "fl +ul5g zltlol oJl g-= jtd + ol! zla)
* €3zl€ dq6lol f;iqtr}. oJ rgE| _*.€r € *Eql *= g+E ule C4*
: ?1=^l "l€xl€ €= Erll?qq. ql^l+ gel , 6j7l€ +61= €-el _*.€ol
=
:,. =j ul rl- .

Eo)H try q @) ^,=fr LzL tfoF o*{v u)
i Llf-c-z/jll-f ltt <. ]f46. ffif L *. €/r/r (ls->t:t)*.t>c/: D L(v.
*t" ffiZll [A-i(v.*fl l* [A^r(*fi LE=(v.*f" €(. Fv.+f <tb
/:&)ff. Elt€.tc">(6H*d*hD *.t1". (..6. #f**l:$v.(6 bf,,t iEi or.
ffivr/: L * l:br.4 i: ( v.r.6 L/L*t/,. ::('.ll. vtbvtbtsNaffit t ta#a
ryrc,eH<#FHtLtt"
@D [(v.*f.]
[/clllLtJ'A D lrvt_.]
Ire ( (ilvrll&v.]
t(L*a,/<Lt.->fc)
t-f *a < ,/K *sv'/c)
* [(*f-]
* [/r3+ (rrbrrv.)]
* fA(6r (vrilr3pr)_l
- lLt.a,/L+a/cl
* [L (,/Lv'/:)
Sometimes there are sound changes not only in single words, but also in some sentence patterns.
For example, [A^r<v'* f I changes to [A'( * 9-.i . This kind of change is made in order
to shorten expressions and to make them easy to pronounce. Even though the sound changes, the
meaning does not. However, these sounds are not the same as forms written in textbooks, so they
may cause you problems initially when you hear them. In this section, you will practice listening to
changes in sounds in various spoken sentence patterns.
tr tl iE + T&F.EtFIJ Ftts lA, El 4.tL+ E tg{. 6rJln, hT k&ffi ffi . F&, lE ".4^r r, * -f "
i.i,Ft "A^r*-f". FF,f€E+EA, H,Et!,rA",fEE, fifgltE +j E{i.fitrt*ft8tr&+tt L
VIXz#TH , FfiU}MifrAEfrTEIfrV,&AAW E. 6Eg,
'AZEfrEJ4frEY,.
+q 6l+61+++ olq4 €-€g "Jg "IE gol SolzlZ+ EEtq4. el= Eq [€-r<v.
*-fl =
[A^i(*i-] 4l "J-]a 9t6q4.*a-.J6l7l €7,t1 6]7i g"I^]"Jq+. *g H6l]
E 9"1= tr6lzl ?+#L14. 6lzlrI :r4,r.1q 2lq gl= €414 4e=E 5fl€. "l *zl qelg
,lE EEq4.4zlql^l=.lel E.€9 "J* ql g^J6l= +el dsl=
==
€+g Elq+.

5.1 ffi co6*r'<, Hr:t&a.rr6 tz6r=ffiaf,tr'<, fr.; znHt#
libl ffi rr((fdrr.
(fii) 6o 6r*z Krzl6 e
"
(r)
(2)
(3)
t4)
'(F)
.
(,6)
t,.!E:,i r' {,'lJ
*4f 8. H.i.(v.< < tu< erD rrL i "
r.:t + J
*#ur(v. 6 b. a 6 /3# B. t/ ifr,l"actt/jD !
A< E kb-:(#g(LAi.
:* 7)'
ft?fu v l'&Hs(L* -;fcb L"i ?
tti A ,{
H4, f?- r$ ( ia"
tt; (6t lf,t' lt;
aCIm. Fo)+l:E'L("*str.( <tLb 7
x,r (6
)' + 1Lrcttu{f. E*I-f 6l "
a *i lD
l- F l:€ffi A#v.(Jsi,& ( f ti"
til;,aA, r.i ur, :i
pr-r F7 v. 6 i +flt.t'#$*::r ( L* a (vr 6 iru
Liul, tI
[.- A L/:o$ffi t l-r L*..> (*"- 3 /s fl vro
59

6Jit t
wffiaha>
; L ttr i oii
OE-Efr'tIE, (4) ^,ffiE=Et
lf /L
TN
-# L ( v. 6 L * . fEf irF c ( v 6 F:6 il ffi H rr o> l:. fr ;+irt rl*.b tttc lcxD i: ffi 6trr4
ffir* /tlr'->/:Lv.r a L 6a arL r l. &;il**afi/)+rlfr.btu;ay7slv>/,r,
L*f"
Even though the content ofthe conversation is easy, you may not understand what your interlocutor
is saying because honori{ic language is used. Honorific language is often used in conversation so
you should practice listening to and understanding it. In this section, you will practice listening to
common honorific expressions.
€ Bj, ryE Fn x{F infr Ft trtftffi+, .f E E H f x+ n {g_ffi T tt:F*ffiZ".1l+wffi " ffii"E&+ irt + lfr.Ht+lp.&,
* I&t z E'EI&q:JW ffiftA?r4 fi 4 . AE g +kfltfr 4 w HH F! ff iEt d.
"Jala 9lg "ti trr]zl'J6l-7 gl= ul+g zJB*rJl= E+51.z 44zl ^l+qg7l
ql+ql g
"lE oldlg + s,*."J zEs 9lg a"JqEl. 4q= gEl +q ^l-&q= 4*zl y*o oe
=r
ol61]EJ + gtE+ €#Et^]4. "lzlql^'l= ^l+ L6l= Aq s.€g E= g+g *r]4.
C D tFq:lr(.
ffiE 1 ('r;
fi tri ttL
-#FlrEL ( J:oL+v.
L tti
.bbowwt (
Di ?i. t, e'rc (
<a+, (
LLt) t
Di ?iEffirr ( (
b ta a<n*
3 o i, -#FoEffil: 1
f&1' n
( ) o)+E;t{fA€rr((t'{lr"
L e] *h'
HHA ah'5 I A+h'6 z6/lT< /j {ur.
) * L/:r'.
) l"cfri.
) ( /jEv'.
) 6rbLv.cLrii..
) ( fi3v."
) * L/:"
alJ,
zLT, {frh
@)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
tbl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
l'ttbbF.
a. F,b b. Ea c. Ea d. Ai e. 66i f . A-ra
70

'- %e coari:l't, ff
r:-r
=
----
+*/j t
(fl) tOl OfiE1;iv.*f.
?:r lJ L
@ umL{T* *f"
' ?* ,a rta
@ fiH LffiL*f.
rr 4 bt <Aet bl|
HFXU t(H€,iEg &6AtA# 5@o)+r' b Z6
I O t"i rsv) *tlt,"
@ Ei L*fr."
@ t'i Fv. * f i'.
L?6ri lf Lr h
I O tt€ll?oWffitt"ftol:E L rtrbaZicf "
L?!ri lf L* L
@ *ielte o&-rlit:i1*. ->tc? i cf .
L?Eri tf Lr L
'. @ 1*EvZat*fr&No(v.6 ZiAt"
@ 6ifrD*fi'.
lr
. @ s i€*fr..
r@6itt)*fi."
E&# :
@ m+e &t: tJ+ D6 rr:,,v. * f"
&t+ : .l/.9 3
E+E I'a i 6 ri D 6 r:: )F* f"
J,f:9 t
t&+
EttrE&rt+ D6 L - Ar&&fv. * f"
t*,ts rr
fiFJafi**Ltif..
&1. ts <L I)
,ri
ebBu)*.Lr iz)."
7l

*: Lp l'/vUti
=frao,L'ffia+26()
Ar=6rlt. Wffi<tF+l.e a #IAt -"c ZD,LrEv. * f ,r. --c atkffiT,fF i a t rr
*f. lffiB2] u. AilffiLtEtDtrfrrgr.. ff]{xha4il,$fiJ ()tr<ugy/3. tttb
v'bfs*fr,tffivr(. ?a+2'bwffirEdi 6Orri6-i6J i i:ffiHL* Lr i"
In conversation, we select an expression which is appropriate to the circumstances and to our
interlocutor, but we can use several expressions in a particular situation. We have various ways to
express similar ideas. Exercise 2 lffitr 2l has the same format as the actual test, but you are given
more options.You can practice listening to various expressions and choosing an appropriate response
according to the circumstances.
E/; Ifr +, it++-+ 5 rn F. ri fr H,fr) +H tra fr! *di tt, - + ttr RT EI 6E,fFH H! * Br- {4 rt
-+ . E f+ F! Fs trat uH &ru T E F! *B n rt " v^z zt fr xt=5 -H-EEfH tE, {E E+t,f it jAE F! Et+
4*Hffi+ " %,2 Efi 'E&fr+ &t+W *iLfi fr , //. + )&f+ frA 8t R *1- + E+ "
cl+"il^-l= *Erl ^J4ql "+= _c€g 6l+ dq6iol 'J;|z1oj, + 6IEql^J € + gl= s€
g 6l+zl oltsq4. A3'I+g q4 E€e_tr +q"g + q#qq. (€+21
=
B^lC'I Ae
€al"lzl+, dqzl= e^leHq gol
=Hl*+q+.
q4 s€g Er r6q1.r] +trq *=
zt€ l= + 9lE+ €+-J^1tr1.

@) tgl
(l) t (2) I
z lt. t)
C D 6fq:r(. #EE
?( t'd r,r.
(3) t (5)t I (6)t
Htr t t ziEg r*t:at a h'6 ea:ffih'6 i6 /,.
(4) t
a . *i[a=- (v a
<,b j"
d. E+L(v.6
tz
g. #'>('b
b.
e.
6t*
#-r (vr6
+,l" ( r
EJtE - (vr 6
r 6r
c. 'f&*FL<v.a
,' ( i:1"
f . M=&,LTv'a
a- thanking
b. apologizing
c- making a request
d- making a proposal
e- complaining
f confrming
g- inviting
ffi2
a ffiiH
b E#f
c ]H>K
d +Er!
e tii,uFlffi
t ffiilr
e )Mffi
+oJ6lr1 gltrl
^lr+6ln 9i4
elEl6ljl gltrl
4l"J6lr 9tr1
g€g'J6ln 9lq
+^19 "J+g 54-z glq
arlldlil 9l+
iltr)
,i h t rtbL e,
*t#,tH< < t'A !. Z nh,6 C D 6fq:t(. €HfA:(rrfr{fO.
6 Jr ,j./: rr t;ri
A : ( r r /* t] nE x 6
=r
( < /:' d ! r. o [1 - z DJEb, 6 z t $ fr) t ) *t "
Otxl
@rcl
@lxl
@txl
G)tol
I'
[i
F
td
!
IJ
fr
i
73

cr l
@r l
@r l
@r l
@t l
or l
@t l
@r l
@r l
@r l
cr l
@t l
@r l
@t l
@r l
er l
@r l
@i l
@r l
(b)l l

"l *LerDF"lffi
It b Ur,tJlv
o'( -
^
F tE r*ht b. lfiifi=n',exrgF":r fiErrEu'*fr.l ffifr< G€h{riil*
EIJEII{ lt(t,t/*t,t).
o =ro>ffftn&6Fq:a. igg d#i*tiB,si.
.a l*LEopdFEt ri*. 'E#Hffirrarua. EHlr,E,yrrrtx #RE &Lt Lr i"
*f. cD 2ffivi(Fdffi t&fur'<A( < /:'f vro "l5a;.<-- ,tr.z, t j l. L L 7 hrr
L D,5t' L
b *trt'b. m* fia=v t'crt'Jt-* L r ), Za&> L. fdEZ c, *Wt,:FdEaffiv.
(a*Lr)"
'€rbal Expression ( A ffi #.In) should be done according to the following steps. 1. Listen to the
qlao-atory sentences and the question "what do you say?" while looking at the illustrations (you
will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the tbree choices and choose the
option. Practice doing Verbal Expression (###fr, ) Exercises in a sryle close ro that
d tb€ actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L &DOH€ ) . First, listen to the CD and do
Enaclse 1 ( FdE 1 ).There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding
t rcsmtc Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (ffrF.2).
ffi=#EE+gH F!trAj{ntifiT"
@
*-TE€E . -LEfi
tktt|lLFf frtE I
"t
.,,f4
L H r,. * 9- n. " ( Ef+IFiqa EFAi{6I ) .
gw r "-€.+rfr, r&+Artfrk1ffi"
ffi EEffi4r! s1+ffii14ifr-t+iE[ " ,82#2fr4" . iapfi co +,FXtfrZ r. T-FE i{fr4ffi*Ex
Sd& sE tatel o'Fe ++r+ ,JGq+.
:!l 'Jdil/-E= -u_€^] tls} €€+!+ eEE tylell "J*ulzL E
==El(4lqzl= "J4i9l
'J4 *r* r-
g s 4E $4.1E Er 4€* +sl= _r.Erl.
@fl rffil{ S4..' 4rl3 "JE} E€g E4lE d4ql Tlvl+ €El-e += €+g aJ^lr+. +d
@D€ F-a E.4 1 €-
=q
sd^19. trl+ qlolxlql lr* Ee+ slEzl ?190=. E-4l Eolg -c
ffi,$ $eSS"1r*- -cl*. +4 2 "il^l €^]l_tr- E^il8 Eol Brlul.

1#
;o)F,iFETrl.. zthtn;aEF"tafi:r'<< /-.aLo f u6L, (+) 0)
OL t&L L td h' +)2L Ot
/{*IEItEt,t:f f t'. 1fi'5 30)+#5, ft€Jur€0)6:ci:6hT
( t'd t,r"
EiL I t 3l
EA It 3l
z&

,'t'Lr ril.lft' l: +,- 6 6
*+Iaft#rttffiW& /e( 3,Li*a (v 6 d)f. #Fz
ts /" t
(Aif*f",lElLEv.*fi."
1. /'- Lfi++6 L* L tr i i."
z . D L@*:E6IGE_L * tA,r..
3. 4- L@*s,EEl:rc- ilt* tll"i..
6
Er-ro 2
Ezt
3l
o@'..
l*c'- craal l*r^. < /idrl t*€fi#Tf
D5. tE+rrT 6 Z Er,-ts.t1 g;E.
[ *,'- 1: r3 6 .] and [ *i - ( /i 3 v' I are forms of
respectful language, so they refer to the actions of
someone else,
'*3-t./ab" "r''-< /jEv." E€ffiiE, trft)gE
ffixtnMAa|F"
l*:-t.teb) [*i-(/j3v.] =
€aqolstr a]
4lEJol ;-l= .JF.Jq4.
o-.'
l< $ e4Lrr-frrl tt. [(6rrVc-fDl
O< U te! aE Lfr T T " +E+|.{nJh l,< & L
rL3ttt*f*r*tt"
l-( 6 I a Lt,'Ttr'l is a polite form of l( {> v.v.
-f f ,'l . It is not used when we want someone to
do sometlhg.
"<L t4 L',.-ftr." E "(6!!-ef n'" W|ffi,
ti"*, FfrD) ffi+H*xiFffi++.
t(6 t6LL..ffr,l = f(6,,.v.-etr,l 9 d
+e s€"JqEl . +qi"Jol +t4= 617l Hlg qql
= ^l+611
g+q4.
@...
I 7 tv 2 V*3.hl Llqlt<t6tttT. tr:l.
FLttLrt*tf/l"
The speaker only asls I I - v ) L i3.r.l .lhis is
not a request.
"tty ) L*tr." €t''tr'jt{&tr86ir&, lk6ffi&
HqH,E..
ft t v 2 L*tr.l zll E"1ez1"3 6l.l. +qg
6lz1 9++q4.
z@r
I
I
)
I
2#
{: ll,L : < hi/r 7)' rtl"tr. d
Efffio)+ffi&#8 * L/c. ft+-I.H< *: Dv./cv.
tiL ti
tf. fifLEv'*fd..
< /f4
l. Sffiti.. v
( lrr.*
2. *#,tt t'v
< lr<b
v L@( 4> J bl-v'Ttlt,"
2@/r_E_!:_EiLA.
3 . +#,t 7 r-':t / L(v./:ff 3 /:va,ffrr.
77

:orF"tEirtl', z-tfr.trrEF$ari:r'r< r'du,o r u6t, (+) d)
Ue Ah t ab' ttct o'&
At*lE[tEu:f f ,'. t h'b gO+r.4. E€Jr6ot-citbhT
( /-tdt,t.
E^ [ t
87" I t
3l
3l
i
78

eff T {t. {H+ o)Ffr A fd ( ti tt T ti /.i 1, V ttr,:e c ltE Zfr & L f; Lt lt
,,
i te t
) * t L " tH+o xEEt;,j,, d ?: l. I E zfr hr < 3 4 h t a tt,alilJa r. a
.t< L 6)L)
oF"lffi75s l-EFfl*ffiSJ a"j-"
l:: l.rnversation, we not only need to listen to what the interlocutor says, but we also
:.==j to replv in a waywhich conforms to the conversation. In erick Response [E[F*
"a 5 - . ou can measure your ability to select the responses appropriate to the inter-
. - -: lr . Ufterance.
.
=.1=. 6fd4ryx1frix1fr,
_ .',==iJifili&ff.
;;-::'.=.*Ll] 9]
,- . :; :. rJgi"l
--= =44
ololzl€
=7lsl
6l= aol
,1"*3'iEgEf*Fzl
ofqel, rql *b ql*g -l]oi 6J
"l€rl *dal7l 9le #zll ra

EOFH: 8ry U (5) ^'Efr t-ZL tf0)E A*IY Q)
5:3*:!€*:*#
,A *;.i:?:.*#*:!++
fco re
- ata- ia ,:,.:,.':-:=
I GVJ : -r,-.:-;-::r-;:
@D ?/'taJL
r.6
(l) ibo>X^
Z jr btrt
gpffifrr(. ( ) r;tH€€r(</j6!r. zL(.6tafrt
Lrrue< xLt b
).
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l
l
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( F-(lrv. ) I"
/:FLl:r{, (
(2) 6-. trxl: (
lr? zic
(3) +<hlha (
<tt)
(4) t).*( ).
(5) bLlztttiz.l'/jr'6 (
(6) ?tvtt=:>v'<tj. 6LTt-)vt (
h'L *i Lj6L. €/. lr
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(8) b-b,6aL (
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(10) :iL. (
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t
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80

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6rii'ur ;. L ht/v :
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l7<atrl
ffiffi0>fea>o--##.#rE ( 5 ) (2)
.i/- J .3r,1-60, T Dh .
ffi1 yt#,/vT. x+i:H( <6';E.=i|te@h,6z6A.T ( t'3r,r"
':' {
Fli #44; I O,E @p^ ll*r1,bzJ'?)*-tt,LfLl:.
irr 3€lt6 €)ffiH la;/:EL:. HFiHI:*b/*vrIil:L(v.6" t
_ 6:
[?r *"Eo> ICBfrE @kE lt:t17:2yr'" t
7 ; ,a-'- tfi'
r 3 [ Eao> t C ++ @ iB+ l i:zrx tlfr.o(v, b" I
&o -zti L6l.'
r{) m/so)-c.4na;-;{Al* { e+lt @ifH }l:raD*L/c" t
r 5l :or,f#u. aa?Hrs I C ,E @ IGX I l: t o<#rt,t /r" I
3 ,itL6tb, T 1J
2 C D AFq:t(. I+t:H( < 6EEEAe@h''b Zb hT ( t'6 t,r.
r@l
rel
I
r
i
r(l;ffi,il I XF, AER }
2 ffi.'Y I
2+r+ l
TRTI I
ZfrJH }
?.eft I
tl!,ilu i
ltiitilr
1fillf,1}}l
L((.|)lr ii
111i1:bltirl
ffitr
a,*
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4fr
ffi*
E
E
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8l

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f: Lp LA,UI)
=fraa,L.{HA#26
Q)
I6#,/vT, A o)#EE E*.t t 6E |Lt u f ffi E r* +, o> *F a a h, 6
5hT (
'j
dr,'.
* r i {i"l}i
+8, E*L< < lLl3vr1.14"
lal
t
^*.4&"
: affiffi, L: urF'i: i t:Evr( 6 vrv('L r i i..
tl
FiE, ttrs+ffifi ,rffi v( v(tf, .i-"
tl
/: ( 3 /-tru)*3-r.6. E t
"&uL*t-(
( /jEv..
tl
c) bt6 r.i ,' 6z z
€llffiLv.X&H ->Ie tuTTo Ji.c/:6ffi(I[:*f < /jEv'"
tl
It/,
e @*lr 6 it
@t)
(1) A
B
Q)A
B
(3) A
B
(4) A
B
A
B
a. FL-fl6 |1 *rl&rr. b x->L......o
iL/"9 r
b. D+, iEH/r ( v.t/j3 *f.
Lt'^,/!
c. ZfLl,a./..A('f ta.
d . .i-.i-. tfLl..
e. frJvr*rlA,J"
82

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/fi _#82 :,o
aH:tr. #Ffrr*.j-f 6Ezt t(iEg ret:@t. To> a h'b t a
l28t +r'5 z6hT( /jdur.
(ffi) [a]
(1) t (2) I (3) t (4) t (5) t
c D AFq:r(. #ffcfij-f a*Zt UT&c(r660){:0. A:(r,'
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
a * Lr*rt'
D+. *s9bt3++LL*f"
* in'
*iftiPv.ra q
"
l:t
Hsrt' *.-f "
L trt:
&Tfirrrv.t. f ia.
tb:
+r
KK, Efu-CO
L ri1t.
&), Di 6ft+LL* L/:.
t' A/. t Uri
/r t € 0) t: x t
=r
( < /-. { L . O [*=? I;JLfr, A
=
Z. I 6 r
) t t "
@) [6 L6 L. ft+a&Hv. bol-+v*fr..J
Otol @txl @tOl @txl
( | ) I < D&=F, f,* l:t 6'rl( v. /: /j * /: r,.1"(-f ii"l
er I @r I @r I @r l
(2) lio_ , r i.ar.. HHI:&l.A*rlsvr1.LH., /c r"l
er I @i I @r I @r l
(3 ) l?fu, rt)/u* D J ( lrv.A,D+/*v."j
3r I @t I @r I @t l
( 4 l [f']*t4," iOzl, 7 Vv [., v./:/jv.( 6 r,,rr7r(".*f/rol
3l_ I @i I @t I @r l
fr5il rF -t*o>z-ts--t, Ii.z/:ff I" I < rrA,tj'D * L/:*a._l
3[ r Cl ] @t I @t l
83

Xito)Hl8ryU (4)-T
ld, LlZ
lH. l*4y
<) 6Lf 6/E6a/ <tL6
tA-r6 tLb) (*h), [A-r3r b) (fu&). [A-i<6 6 i] t-A^(atl6.l ((-()
*)tIb,/ <fob,/6 6 i ) t*. ffi.4A?2ri('fFi : trrrS *g-. [A-iEirb rLb) d*.
iL3iu 4 L i3
'ry*.q). [A-E t< /r+|l A,/ *r b a,/ < tuA ) Uftk+ (-() &>tl b,/ $ b i,/ < fLb)
! pr j,ff v,f rf. r trLbob d)it, tt/Lrrl ttili:l Lf:afi'{#Jlbf-f ao)/r*E Lv.
f-fo mv(t 1"t>lt'6I i l:lsbt.ef;FB L* L r i "
[€^r6*L6) @.9), [A^{Fi}6 1 (FtH, [€îr6 6i_], [Aî(6tlb) ((-<) d.-tf
b,/<fub,/ 66)) canbeusedincombination.Wecansay,[€'r8tcrtL6) UfrtY.*.H) ,lB
îf ii(Ait'6,/ nr b a,/ < tLb ) Ufr19.+ ?<) al*tf b./ $ tr a,/ < ILb) . It is not easy ro
determine who did the action to whom. Keep practicing until you can understand what is being said
straight away.
"€-r6ia6" qFA). "A-i3rt6" (ffiifo. "€^rr6 6i" "A-r(6116" (tLF.thif, (-
<) iarI 6 / 1 ttb z 6 6 i ) Ftt:]tY+&-fuH" FtJtEt^ "A^r:it b*Lb" ([frlk4Ltjt>. "ts-:
XTT B.,}-h bL & F,* fr dI H,, NAJ +I]W fr 1#E ffi +, 1+E*# ETPE XE fi " 4 ffi4fr 4 trEIfrt.TI] Dfi tr N
Afr?ltrBfr+IJffi"
[€^ratub) (+F), [€-r:ii6l (^]q ), [A^r<6 6r_] [A-r(6t16) ( (-<) fr>
I,f b /<{Lb /ro D, )=a.Jollrl
=+ 9+q4. l€îEiibtLb) (^]q +F). tA^F
+<htf6,/rrba,/<rLbJ (^lq+ (-()) btf 6 /{ba / <tL6) 4= ^}-3-BEq4.
rNzlzl $traf,xlr1-.

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