The last two decades have shown that it is possible to defeat the scourge of poverty. Progress has not been uniform across countries, and there have been setbacks and disappointments. But overall, the rate of progress in reducing poverty and in increasing access to basic health, education, water, and other essential services is unparalleled in many countries’ histories.
Khalid Abu Ismail - ESCWA
Racha Ramadan - Cairo University
ERF 24th Annual Conference
The New Normal in the Global Economy: Challenges & Prospects for MENA
July 8-10, 2018
Cairo, Egypt
The document discusses poverty alleviation. It defines poverty and describes its human impacts. It then discusses the world's response to poverty through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which aim to halve extreme poverty by 2015. Specific MDG targets related to poverty include reducing the proportion of people living on under $1 per day and reducing hunger. The document provides statistics on the Philippines' progress towards these MDG targets as well as details on the country's Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan which aims to fight poverty through job creation and economic growth.
India has made progress in 10 out of 22 Millennium Development Goals indicators, including improving primary education enrollment, promoting gender equality, and increasing forest cover. However, India's performance on reducing overall poverty and improving health indicators has lagged. While India's poverty rate has decreased from 49.4% in 1994 to 41.6% in 2005, the rate of reduction has been slower than other South Asian countries. India also faces challenges in lowering infant mortality, maternal mortality, and increasing access to sanitation. The document outlines India's progress and challenges in achieving the eight Millennium Development Goals by 2015.
The document discusses the impact of the global financial crisis on developing countries. It notes that while many developing economies are still growing strongly, growth forecasts have been downgraded. The crisis could spread to developing countries through several channels, including trade, remittances, foreign direct investment, commercial lending, and aid. Countries most at risk include those heavily reliant on exports, remittances, foreign investment, and aid. The crisis may lead to weaker growth, employment, exports, and current accounts in developing nations. Policy responses discussed include understanding financial stability, minimizing contagion, and managing economic slowdowns through fiscal and monetary policies.
The root-causes of the Greek sovereign debt crisisSamant Jain
To better understand the current sovereign debt crisis in Greece, a longer view is warranted. In this paper presented at the 2nd Bank of Greece workshop on the economies of Eastern European and Mediterranean countries, the Bank of Greece covers a 2 decade history of Greece leading to current financial crisis prevailing in the country and looming large over Europe and the future of EU.
The 20 year period 1989-2009 is bounded by two major fiscal crises in Greece: the 1989-1993 crisis, and the ongoing crisis. In both crises deficits exceeded 15% of GDP. In between, Greece entered the Economic and Monetary Union and adopted the Euro. To facilitate discussion the 20 year period will be divided into two parts: the 1989-1999 period, and the 2000-2009 period.
In the final part of the presentation, solutions and remedies to overcome the crisis are suggested.
The document discusses SDGs and progress in the Arab world. It provides context on the global economic situation and opportunities presented by the SDGs. It analyzes lessons learned from the MDGs and progress made in Arab countries compared to other developing nations. Solutions discussed include investing in people, building resilience, focusing on inclusive growth, improving financing mechanisms, enhancing data and taking the SDGs seriously. Regional integration, private sector engagement, domestic resource mobilization and embracing local development are also emphasized.
The document discusses the eight Millennium Development Goals that were agreed upon at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000 to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, and environmental degradation by 2015. It outlines each of the eight goals and explains that achieving them requires effort from all levels, including national governments, local authorities, and citizens. Local authorities are seen as crucial players in achieving the goals in both developing and developed countries. The document provides eight ways that northern local authorities can help achieve the goals through raising awareness, lobbying their own national governments, and strengthening partnerships with southern local authorities.
Khalid Abu Ismail - ESCWA
Racha Ramadan - Cairo University
ERF 24th Annual Conference
The New Normal in the Global Economy: Challenges & Prospects for MENA
July 8-10, 2018
Cairo, Egypt
The document discusses poverty alleviation. It defines poverty and describes its human impacts. It then discusses the world's response to poverty through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which aim to halve extreme poverty by 2015. Specific MDG targets related to poverty include reducing the proportion of people living on under $1 per day and reducing hunger. The document provides statistics on the Philippines' progress towards these MDG targets as well as details on the country's Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan which aims to fight poverty through job creation and economic growth.
India has made progress in 10 out of 22 Millennium Development Goals indicators, including improving primary education enrollment, promoting gender equality, and increasing forest cover. However, India's performance on reducing overall poverty and improving health indicators has lagged. While India's poverty rate has decreased from 49.4% in 1994 to 41.6% in 2005, the rate of reduction has been slower than other South Asian countries. India also faces challenges in lowering infant mortality, maternal mortality, and increasing access to sanitation. The document outlines India's progress and challenges in achieving the eight Millennium Development Goals by 2015.
The document discusses the impact of the global financial crisis on developing countries. It notes that while many developing economies are still growing strongly, growth forecasts have been downgraded. The crisis could spread to developing countries through several channels, including trade, remittances, foreign direct investment, commercial lending, and aid. Countries most at risk include those heavily reliant on exports, remittances, foreign investment, and aid. The crisis may lead to weaker growth, employment, exports, and current accounts in developing nations. Policy responses discussed include understanding financial stability, minimizing contagion, and managing economic slowdowns through fiscal and monetary policies.
The root-causes of the Greek sovereign debt crisisSamant Jain
To better understand the current sovereign debt crisis in Greece, a longer view is warranted. In this paper presented at the 2nd Bank of Greece workshop on the economies of Eastern European and Mediterranean countries, the Bank of Greece covers a 2 decade history of Greece leading to current financial crisis prevailing in the country and looming large over Europe and the future of EU.
The 20 year period 1989-2009 is bounded by two major fiscal crises in Greece: the 1989-1993 crisis, and the ongoing crisis. In both crises deficits exceeded 15% of GDP. In between, Greece entered the Economic and Monetary Union and adopted the Euro. To facilitate discussion the 20 year period will be divided into two parts: the 1989-1999 period, and the 2000-2009 period.
In the final part of the presentation, solutions and remedies to overcome the crisis are suggested.
The document discusses SDGs and progress in the Arab world. It provides context on the global economic situation and opportunities presented by the SDGs. It analyzes lessons learned from the MDGs and progress made in Arab countries compared to other developing nations. Solutions discussed include investing in people, building resilience, focusing on inclusive growth, improving financing mechanisms, enhancing data and taking the SDGs seriously. Regional integration, private sector engagement, domestic resource mobilization and embracing local development are also emphasized.
The document discusses the eight Millennium Development Goals that were agreed upon at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000 to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, and environmental degradation by 2015. It outlines each of the eight goals and explains that achieving them requires effort from all levels, including national governments, local authorities, and citizens. Local authorities are seen as crucial players in achieving the goals in both developing and developed countries. The document provides eight ways that northern local authorities can help achieve the goals through raising awareness, lobbying their own national governments, and strengthening partnerships with southern local authorities.
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009endpoverty2015
1) The report assesses progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and finds that the global economic crisis threatens to slow or reverse gains made.
2) Major advances against extreme poverty from 1990-2005 are likely stalled, and 55-90 million more people will live in extreme poverty in 2009 than anticipated due to the crisis.
3) Progress against hunger, which had improved since the 1990s, was also reversed in 2008 due to higher food prices, and the number of undernourished people is rising again.
Campaigning for the MDGs: Making Votes and Voices Count in Electionsendpoverty2015
National and sub-national elections provide important opportunities to establish, reaffirm or redirect development priorities. This short guidebook describes how and why the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can be important to this process—towards the larger end of achieving human development and a better, more equitable world.
This visual dictionary defines and describes various construction materials and building components. It provides information on air barriers, attic ventilation components, backhoes, batter boards, brick arches and bonds, building cladding, code requirements, concrete joints, electrical components, framing elements, insulation, lintel, mortar, plumbing fixtures, rebar, roof drainage, roofing materials and shapes, stone patterns, vapor retarders, waterproofing, weep holes, and window types. Definitions include functions, typical dimensions, and illustrations.
The document describes a digital signage system called emebaVet that can be installed in veterinary waiting rooms to educate clients and reduce perceived wait times. It features a 40" LCD display that plays customized, daily-updated content about the hospital, staff, and services. Installation is handled by Best Buy for Business and includes content creation, with the system costing $199 per month plus a one-time $600 fee for initial content setup.
African Development Dialogue, a Quaterly Magazine from the UN Millennium Camp...endpoverty2015
We are introducing a magazine whose broad objective will be to support citizen’s efforts towards holding their governments to account for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
UN Millennium Campaign, Montreal, April 2009endpoverty2015
The document discusses Canada's contributions and commitments to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. While Canada has made some positive steps like increasing aid to Africa and passing legislation requiring aid to focus on poverty, it is still below benchmarks for international aid contributions relative to its economy. The document calls on Canadian citizens to hold their government accountable to do more, such as reaching the target of 0.7% of GDP on aid and improving aid quality and coordination, in order to help achieve the MDGs globally by their 2015 deadline.
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2012 was launched in New York by the Secretary-General on 2 July 2012. The report presents the yearly assessment of global progress towards the MDGs, highlighting several milestones – three important MDG targets have been met well ahead of the target date of 2015. The report says that meeting the remaining targets, while challenging, remain possible - but only if Governments do not waiver from their commitments made over a decade ago. The report is based on a master set of data compiled by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on MDG indicators led by the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
Transforming Africa: Unlocking Africa’s Potential for Sustainable Development SDGsPlus
Global economic growth prospects have weakened since early 2016 with renewed financial volatility and risks increasing. While policy space has shrunk for cyclical policies, structural reforms remain important to boost potential growth. For Africa to unlock its potential, key areas include pursuing the SDG agenda, managing demographic shifts like urbanization, addressing climate change impacts, and improving data availability.
The World Bank has improved how it monitors and reports on development results. It has increased its ability to collect and analyze results data, conduct performance assessments, and clearly report results. The Bank also improved how it communicates development outcomes using various media tools. The Bank launched an interactive online Corporate Scorecard in 2012 to track development indicators and Bank performance. Countries have continued making progress on development priorities despite slower global growth. Average income in developing countries reached $2,080 in 2011. The proportion of people in extreme poverty declined from 43% in 1990 to 22.7% in 2010, ahead of schedule for meeting the MDG target. However, progress was uneven and more work remains.
This document summarizes progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It reports that the target of reducing extreme poverty by half was met ahead of the 2015 deadline, as was the target of halving the proportion of people without access to clean water. Several other goals, such as achieving gender parity in primary education and increasing access to HIV treatment, saw significant progress in all regions. However, more work remains, as 600 million people still lack clean water and close to 1 billion live on less than $1.25 per day. Overall, collaboration between governments, organizations, and others has succeeded in improving conditions for many, but full achievement of the MDGs by 2015 remains challenging.
The document summarizes progress toward the Millennium Development Goal of reducing extreme poverty. It finds that for the first time, the number of people living in extreme poverty and poverty rates fell in every developing region between 1990 and 2008/2010, including in sub-Saharan Africa. Preliminary estimates indicate the global poverty rate fell to less than half the 1990 rate by 2010, meaning the goal of cutting extreme poverty in half was likely achieved ahead of the 2015 deadline. However, poverty remains widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, and progress has been uneven within and between countries and populations.
The Millennium Development Goals and Post 2015 Framework- An Indian ExperienceShikta Singh
This document provides an overview of India's progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals between 2000-2015. It discusses India's mixed results, having achieved some targets like reducing poverty and increasing access to education and water, but still facing challenges with hunger, sanitation, and maternal and child health outcomes. The document outlines India's MDG framework, indicators for each goal, and status of each target based on latest data. It notes education outcomes need improvement given issues with learning levels. Gender disparities also remain, though parity has improved in primary and secondary enrollment.
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It provides background on the establishment of the MDGs in 2000-2015 to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, lack of education, lack of access to water, and environmental degradation. It outlines the 8 MDGs and their specific targets and indicators. It then summarizes the global and Indian progress towards achieving Goal 1 on reducing poverty and hunger and Goal 2 on achieving universal primary education. Challenges in fully achieving the goals are also mentioned.
The document discusses reaching the demographic dividend in Region XII. It explains that the region has experienced a decline in population growth and a shift towards a higher percentage of working-age people compared to dependents. However, many workers are still unskilled laborers and farmers with low productivity. To optimize the demographic dividend, the region needs to invest in health, education, gender equity, and create new economic opportunities to productively employ the working-age population. The priority strategy involves integrating population management into development plans through family planning, adolescent health programs, gender equity, and legislative support for responsible parenthood. The target is to increase contraceptive use and reduce early pregnancies to transition the population to lower fertility and sustain economic growth.
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009endpoverty2015
1) The report assesses progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and finds that the global economic crisis threatens to slow or reverse gains made.
2) Major advances against extreme poverty from 1990-2005 are likely stalled, and 55-90 million more people will live in extreme poverty in 2009 than anticipated due to the crisis.
3) Progress against hunger, which had improved since the 1990s, was also reversed in 2008 due to higher food prices, and the number of undernourished people is rising again.
Campaigning for the MDGs: Making Votes and Voices Count in Electionsendpoverty2015
National and sub-national elections provide important opportunities to establish, reaffirm or redirect development priorities. This short guidebook describes how and why the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can be important to this process—towards the larger end of achieving human development and a better, more equitable world.
This visual dictionary defines and describes various construction materials and building components. It provides information on air barriers, attic ventilation components, backhoes, batter boards, brick arches and bonds, building cladding, code requirements, concrete joints, electrical components, framing elements, insulation, lintel, mortar, plumbing fixtures, rebar, roof drainage, roofing materials and shapes, stone patterns, vapor retarders, waterproofing, weep holes, and window types. Definitions include functions, typical dimensions, and illustrations.
The document describes a digital signage system called emebaVet that can be installed in veterinary waiting rooms to educate clients and reduce perceived wait times. It features a 40" LCD display that plays customized, daily-updated content about the hospital, staff, and services. Installation is handled by Best Buy for Business and includes content creation, with the system costing $199 per month plus a one-time $600 fee for initial content setup.
African Development Dialogue, a Quaterly Magazine from the UN Millennium Camp...endpoverty2015
We are introducing a magazine whose broad objective will be to support citizen’s efforts towards holding their governments to account for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
UN Millennium Campaign, Montreal, April 2009endpoverty2015
The document discusses Canada's contributions and commitments to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. While Canada has made some positive steps like increasing aid to Africa and passing legislation requiring aid to focus on poverty, it is still below benchmarks for international aid contributions relative to its economy. The document calls on Canadian citizens to hold their government accountable to do more, such as reaching the target of 0.7% of GDP on aid and improving aid quality and coordination, in order to help achieve the MDGs globally by their 2015 deadline.
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2012 was launched in New York by the Secretary-General on 2 July 2012. The report presents the yearly assessment of global progress towards the MDGs, highlighting several milestones – three important MDG targets have been met well ahead of the target date of 2015. The report says that meeting the remaining targets, while challenging, remain possible - but only if Governments do not waiver from their commitments made over a decade ago. The report is based on a master set of data compiled by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on MDG indicators led by the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
Transforming Africa: Unlocking Africa’s Potential for Sustainable Development SDGsPlus
Global economic growth prospects have weakened since early 2016 with renewed financial volatility and risks increasing. While policy space has shrunk for cyclical policies, structural reforms remain important to boost potential growth. For Africa to unlock its potential, key areas include pursuing the SDG agenda, managing demographic shifts like urbanization, addressing climate change impacts, and improving data availability.
The World Bank has improved how it monitors and reports on development results. It has increased its ability to collect and analyze results data, conduct performance assessments, and clearly report results. The Bank also improved how it communicates development outcomes using various media tools. The Bank launched an interactive online Corporate Scorecard in 2012 to track development indicators and Bank performance. Countries have continued making progress on development priorities despite slower global growth. Average income in developing countries reached $2,080 in 2011. The proportion of people in extreme poverty declined from 43% in 1990 to 22.7% in 2010, ahead of schedule for meeting the MDG target. However, progress was uneven and more work remains.
This document summarizes progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It reports that the target of reducing extreme poverty by half was met ahead of the 2015 deadline, as was the target of halving the proportion of people without access to clean water. Several other goals, such as achieving gender parity in primary education and increasing access to HIV treatment, saw significant progress in all regions. However, more work remains, as 600 million people still lack clean water and close to 1 billion live on less than $1.25 per day. Overall, collaboration between governments, organizations, and others has succeeded in improving conditions for many, but full achievement of the MDGs by 2015 remains challenging.
The document summarizes progress toward the Millennium Development Goal of reducing extreme poverty. It finds that for the first time, the number of people living in extreme poverty and poverty rates fell in every developing region between 1990 and 2008/2010, including in sub-Saharan Africa. Preliminary estimates indicate the global poverty rate fell to less than half the 1990 rate by 2010, meaning the goal of cutting extreme poverty in half was likely achieved ahead of the 2015 deadline. However, poverty remains widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, and progress has been uneven within and between countries and populations.
The Millennium Development Goals and Post 2015 Framework- An Indian ExperienceShikta Singh
This document provides an overview of India's progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals between 2000-2015. It discusses India's mixed results, having achieved some targets like reducing poverty and increasing access to education and water, but still facing challenges with hunger, sanitation, and maternal and child health outcomes. The document outlines India's MDG framework, indicators for each goal, and status of each target based on latest data. It notes education outcomes need improvement given issues with learning levels. Gender disparities also remain, though parity has improved in primary and secondary enrollment.
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It provides background on the establishment of the MDGs in 2000-2015 to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, lack of education, lack of access to water, and environmental degradation. It outlines the 8 MDGs and their specific targets and indicators. It then summarizes the global and Indian progress towards achieving Goal 1 on reducing poverty and hunger and Goal 2 on achieving universal primary education. Challenges in fully achieving the goals are also mentioned.
The document discusses reaching the demographic dividend in Region XII. It explains that the region has experienced a decline in population growth and a shift towards a higher percentage of working-age people compared to dependents. However, many workers are still unskilled laborers and farmers with low productivity. To optimize the demographic dividend, the region needs to invest in health, education, gender equity, and create new economic opportunities to productively employ the working-age population. The priority strategy involves integrating population management into development plans through family planning, adolescent health programs, gender equity, and legislative support for responsible parenthood. The target is to increase contraceptive use and reduce early pregnancies to transition the population to lower fertility and sustain economic growth.
This document compares progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) between the national level in Egypt and the 151 poorest villages. Key findings include:
- At the national level, the proportion of people living below $1 per day decreased from 4.5% to 1.7% from 1991 to 2008, but in the 151 poorest villages it was 55%.
- The poverty gap ratio, measuring resources needed to eliminate poverty, decreased nationally but increased to 35% in the poorest villages.
- Employment levels were higher nationally than in the poorest villages, especially for women.
- Progress toward some MDGs has been made nationally due to economic growth, but significant inequalities remain for
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The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
UNITED NATIONS
Cover Inside
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by the Inter-Agency and Expert
Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United nations
Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of progress
towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international organizations whose
activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as
appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs, as reflected in the list below. A number of national
statisticians and outside expert advisers also contributed.
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR ASIA AnD THE PACIFIC
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR WESTERn ASIA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR AFRICA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR EUROPE
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR LATIn AMERICA AnD THE CARIBBEAn
FOOD AnD AGRICULTURE ORGAnIZATIOn OF THE UnITED nATIOnS
InTERnATIOnAL LABOUR ORGAnIZATIOn
InTERnATIOnAL MOnETARY FUnD
InTERnATIOnAL TELECOMMUnICATIOn UnIOn
InTERnATIOnAL TRADE CEnTRE
InTER-PARLIAMEnTARY UnIOn
JOInT UnITED nATIOnS PROGRAMME On HIV/AIDS
ORGAnISATIOn FOR ECOnOMIC CO-OPERATIOn AnD DEVELOPMEnT
SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUnITY
THE WORLD BAnK
UnITED nATIOnS CHILDREn’S FUnD
UnITED nATIOnS COnFEREnCE On TRADE AnD DEVELOPMEnT
UnITED nATIOnS DEVELOPMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS EDUCATIOnAL, SCIEnTIFIC AnD CULTURAL ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS EnTITY FOR GEnDER EQUALITY AnD THE EMPOWERMEnT OF WOMEn - Un WOMEn
UnITED nATIOnS EnVIROnMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS FRAMEWORK COnVEnTIOn On CLIMATE CHAnGE
UnITED nATIOnS HIGH COMMISSIOnER FOR REFUGEES
UnITED nATIOnS HUMAn SETTLEMEnTS PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS InDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMEnT ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS POPULATIOn FUnD
WORLD HEALTH ORGAnIZATIOn
WORLD TRADE ORGAnIZATIOn
The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
asdf
United nations
new York, 2015
Foreword | 3
Foreword
The global mobilization behind the Millennium
Development Goals has produced the most successful
anti-poverty movement in history. The landmark
commitment entered into by world leaders in the year
2000—to “spare no effort to free our fellow men,
women and children from the abject and dehumanizing
conditions of extreme poverty”—was translated into
an inspiring framework of eight goals and, then, into
wide-ranging practical steps that have enabled people
across the world to improve their lives and their future
prospects. The MDGs helped to lift more than one billion
people out of extreme poverty, to make inroads against
hunger, to enable more girls to attend school than ever
before and to protect our planet. They generated new
and innovative partnerships, galvanized public opinion
and showed the immense value of setting ambitious
goals. By putting people and their immediate needs at
t ...
The Short and Winding Road to 2030 - Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets, R...StatsCommunications
Launch of the new OECD report
"The Short and Winding Road to 2030: Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets" on 27 April 2022. More information at: www.oecd.org/publications/the-short-and-winding-road-to-2030-af4b630d-en.htm
"Calculating the financing gap for achieving the poverty MDG using the growth-elasticity approach", presentation by Michael Johnson at the USAID, IFPRI Financial Gap Analysis Workshop held at the World Bank, January 7, 2010.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: From Commitment to DeliverySDGsPlus
The document discusses efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It provides:
1) An overview of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their universal nature.
2) Examples of World Bank Group initiatives to support implementation, including expanding SDG dashboards, assessing country trajectories, and addressing delivery challenges.
3) Plans to engage with countries conducting voluntary reviews at the 2016 UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development to share experiences and lessons on implementing the 2030 Agenda.
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were eight international development goals agreed upon by 193 UN member states in 2000 to be achieved by 2015. The goals aimed to eradicate extreme poverty, reduce child mortality, fight diseases, and develop global partnerships. It provides details on each of the eight goals and their targets, which addressed issues like poverty, education, gender equality, health, environment and global partnerships. It also discusses progress made towards the goals as well as challenges faced and the need to meet the vision of a more sustainable and equitable world.
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Body Code Animation:
Visualizing the Code of Life
By
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The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
UNITED NATIONS
Cover Inside
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by the Inter-Agency and Expert
Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United nations
Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of progress
towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international organizations whose
activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as
appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs, as reflected in the list below. A number of national
statisticians and outside expert advisers also contributed.
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR ASIA AnD THE PACIFIC
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR WESTERn ASIA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR AFRICA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR EUROPE
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR LATIn AMERICA AnD THE CARIBBEAn
FOOD AnD AGRICULTURE ORGAnIZATIOn OF THE UnITED nATIOnS
InTERnATIOnAL LABOUR ORGAnIZATIOn
InTERnATIOnAL MOnETARY FUnD
InTERnATIOnAL TELECOMMUnICATIOn UnIOn
InTERnATIOnAL TRADE CEnTRE
InTER-PARLIAMEnTARY UnIOn
JOInT UnITED nATIOnS PROGRAMME On HIV/AIDS
ORGAnISATIOn FOR ECOnOMIC CO-OPERATIOn AnD DEVELOPMEnT
SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUnITY
THE WORLD BAnK
UnITED nATIOnS CHILDREn’S FUnD
UnITED nATIOnS COnFEREnCE On TRADE AnD DEVELOPMEnT
UnITED nATIOnS DEVELOPMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS EDUCATIOnAL, SCIEnTIFIC AnD CULTURAL ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS EnTITY FOR GEnDER EQUALITY AnD THE EMPOWERMEnT OF WOMEn - Un WOMEn
UnITED nATIOnS EnVIROnMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS FRAMEWORK COnVEnTIOn On CLIMATE CHAnGE
UnITED nATIOnS HIGH COMMISSIOnER FOR REFUGEES
UnITED nATIOnS HUMAn SETTLEMEnTS PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS InDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMEnT ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS POPULATIOn FUnD
WORLD HEALTH ORGAnIZATIOn
WORLD TRADE ORGAnIZATIOn
The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
asdf
United nations
new York, 2015
Foreword | 3
Foreword
The global mobilization behind the Millennium
Development Goals has produced the most successful
anti-poverty movement in history. The landmark
commitment entered into by world leaders in the year
2000—to “spare no effort to free our fellow men,
women and children from the abject and dehumanizing
conditions of extreme poverty”—was translated into
an inspiring framework of eight goals and, then, into
wide-ranging practical steps that have enabled people
across the world to improve their lives and their future
prospects. The MDGs helped to lift more than one billion
people out of extreme poverty, to make inroads against
hunger, to enable more girls to attend school than ever
before and to protect our planet. They generated new
and innovative partnerships, galvanized public opinion
and showed the immense value of setting ambitious ...
Progress of Arab Economies in a Changing WorldSDGsPlus
This document discusses several global megatrends and challenges including demographic transitions, urbanization, climate change, commodity cycles, violence, and technological disruption. It notes that the world passed a demographic turning point in 2010 when the global working age population shifted from being a tailwind to a headwind for growth. The document also discusses opportunities provided by the SDGs for countries to pursue integrated approaches to development addressing economic, social and environmental issues. Key challenges to achieving the SDGs include lack of data and financing, as well as ensuring private sector involvement.
Malawi Scotland Partnership - Post 2015 Scotland's Contribution, September 2013NIDOS
Malawi has made progress towards achieving some of the Millennium Development Goals but is unlikely to meet goals around universal primary education, promoting gender equality, and improving maternal health. The country conducted consultations to inform priorities for development after 2015 and identified issues like governance, infrastructure, agriculture, education, health, private sector growth, environment, technology, and gender equality. Malawi's development strategies have aligned with the MDGs but the government will need to incorporate priorities from the post-2015 consultations in its future plans to meet the needs of Malawians.
This document provides an executive summary of the 2013 State of the Least Developed Countries report. It finds that while some LDCs have experienced economic growth above 7% per year, most LDCs still face challenges such as poverty, lack of infrastructure, and limited capacity for innovation. It recognizes productive capacity building as essential for structural transformation and sustainable growth in LDCs. The report proposes a strategy for the post-2015 period focused on making employment creation the goal of macroeconomic policies and increasing the labor intensity of growth. This would require shifting to a framework targeting real development objectives through expanded policy tools.
Similar to Millennium Development Goals Report Card (20)
This summary focuses on progress towards three MDGs and some of the factors contributing to that progress: Goal 1 (eradicating extreme poverty and hunger); Goal 4 (reducing child mortality); and Goal 5 (improving maternal health). Most countries are making progress on most key MDG indicators, with poverty reduced in many places and primary school enrollment up globally. Significant reductions in child mortality have occurred in Africa and South Asia, though more progress is still needed. Top performers in increasing births attended by medical professionals started with low coverage and increased it substantially.
Salil presentation un millennium campaign april 2010endpoverty2015
The UN Millennium Campaign hosted an interactive panel discussion with over 80 high-level Washington DC civil society participants on Thursday, April 15.
In the year 2000, 189 world leaders pledged to achieve the Millennium Development Goals — a set of 8 benchmarks to eradicate extreme poverty, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat major diseases, ensure environmental sustainability and develop a global partnership for development by the year 2015. But progress is moving too slowly to meet the deadline.
For the majority of the world’s population and most developing countries, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the eradication of poverty remain their highest priority.
The impacts of climate change threaten the achievement of the MDGs, but also create opportunities for further efforts to achieve these development imperatives.
Many countries are writing new constitutions. This provides an important opportunity to
enshrine the basic human rights of all citizens. Despite the rhetoric on the indivisibility of
human rights, while most constitutions recognise civil and political rights as fundamental,
they place economic and social rights under ‘directive principles’ of state policy, making
them less ‘justiciable’. However, some countries have constitutions that guarantee specific
socio-economic rights, and the challenge is to make sure that citizens are able to exercise
these constitutional rights.
Many countries are writing new constitutions. This provides an important opportunity to
enshrine the basic human rights of all citizens. Despite the rhetoric on the indivisibility of
human rights, while most constitutions recognise civil and political rights as fundamental,
they place economic and social rights under ‘directive principles’ of state policy, making
them less ‘justiciable’. However, some countries have constitutions that guarantee specific
socio-economic rights, and the challenge is to make sure that citizens are able to exercise
these constitutional rights.
For the fourth year in a row, millions of people around the world will Stand Up and Take Action to show their support for the fight against poverty and for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Este documento discute el papel fundamental que juegan los gobiernos locales en el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. Tanto los gobiernos locales del norte como los del sur pueden contribuir de varias maneras, como promoviendo la participación ciudadana, presionando a los gobiernos nacionales y brindando servicios a nivel local que ayuden a reducir la pobreza. La cooperación entre los gobiernos locales de todo el mundo es clave para cumplir con los objetivos para el año 2015.
Achieving the MDGs in Times of Crises and Changes endpoverty2015
This document outlines eight key ingredients for effective development communication:
1) Adapt communication to local cultural, social and economic contexts.
2) Map existing supporters and opinion makers to strategically strengthen advocacy efforts.
3) Keep messages simple, clear, visionary and accessible to broader audiences.
4) Ensure policy objectives focus on achieving real change, not just PR.
5) Use credible data and facts to build credibility and leverage ongoing debates.
6) Provide regular updates and feedback to supporters to maintain engagement.
7) Consider the existing political environment and will when planning advocacy strategies and expected results.
8) View communication as a long-term instrument with clear starting and exit strategies to achieve advocacy
Review of Election Promises Made by Political Partiesendpoverty2015
The document summarizes and compares the key commitments made in various Indian political party manifestos for the 2009 national elections related to issues like health, education, agriculture, social inclusion, and foreign policy. It outlines promises made around increasing investments, strengthening policies and programs, and expanding access and rights for marginalized groups. However, it also notes some issues that were missed or not adequately addressed by various manifestos according to people's demands.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
2. The Big Picture
The last two decades have shown that it is possible to This summary focuses on progress towards three MDGs
defeat the scourge of poverty. Progress has not been and some of the factors contributing to that progress:
uniform across countries, and there have been setbacks Goal 1 (eradicating extreme poverty and hunger); Goal 4
and disappointments. But overall, the rate of progress (reducing child mortality); and Goal 5 (improving maternal
in reducing poverty and in increasing access to basic health). Goals 4 and 5 are seen as having a critical role to
health, education, water, and other essential services is play in getting all MDGs on track and have been identified
unparalleled in many countries’ histories. as priorities for discussion at the G8 and G20 summits in
June 2010.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have provided
an important motivational force and measuring rod for Most countries are making progress on most of the key
this progress. They were deliberately ambitious, and their MDG indicators (see Figure 1). Since the MDG clock began
achievement would require an unprecedented pace of ticking towards 2015, the proportion of people living in
progress in most countries. The fact that many countries are extreme poverty fell from an estimated 1.8 billion in 1990
on track to achieve a significant number of the goals will to 1.4 billion in 2005 (UN, 2009). While the economic
transform the quality of life for hundreds of millions of people, situation for many millions of people remains precarious,
and should be a sign of hope and a spur to action in others. the direction is unambiguously positive. Equally, the share
of children in primary school in low- and middle-income
This summary is part of initial findings from an ongoing countries has risen from just over 70% to well over 80%.
review of development progress, which will include a set Ninety-five per cent of countries are making progress in
of ‘MDG indicators to construct league tables’ highlighting reducing child mortality, which overall fell from 101 to 69
progress on these indicators. The review will generate per 1000 live births between 1990 and 20071. And, despite
comparative analysis that illustrates relative and absolute wide variation in progress on maternal mortality, access
progress at national, sub-national and regional levels. In to maternal health services has increased in about 80%
addition, a number of analytical case studies will provide of countries.
a deeper understanding of the nature of progress and its
contributing factors. The key message from many years of working towards
the MDGs is that progress is possible. In every aspect of
The analysis is based on the MDG database, with the development – even in the least successful of the MDGs
exception of income poverty data for Africa, which are reviewed here, on maternal health (Goal 5) – a significant
based on the ReSAKSS database. The data on equity – the number of countries have made real achievements.
distribution of progress within a country – are based on Although these statistics are encouraging, the challenge
household Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and for the remaining five years and beyond is to learn from,
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Two measures and build upon, progress made.
are used to evaluate progress: absolute and relative. Both
measures are needed to tell the full story of progress,
particularly in low-income countries. Where the available
data permit, countries have been compared over the same
time period against average annual rates of progress, 1
All averages quoted in this note are un-weighted i.e. not
irrespective of population size. accounting for population size.
2
3. Figure 1 : Proportion of countries progressing or regressing
on MDGs (low- and middle-income countries)
100%
Share of countries reporting progress
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
1.1 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.2 5.5 6.1 6.5 6.10 7.8
MDG Indicators Progress No Change Setback
Figure 2 : Proportion of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
progressing or regressing on MDGs
100%
Share of countries reporting progress
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
1.1 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.2 5.5 6.1 6.5 6.10 7.8
MDG Indicators Progress No Change Setback
3
4. Table 1 offers a snapshot of which countries are making number of percentage points. Relative progress measures
the most progress overall in meeting the MDGs, based on progress against the MDG target – for example, which
a simple aggregation of the rankings of the annual rate of countries have come closest to halving child mortality, or
progress for selected MDG indicators2. Such aggregation to closing the gap in achieving universal primary education.
is fraught with the obvious problems of adding dissimilar Low-income countries, especially in Africa, tend to rank top
indicators, and of treating all countries as a single in absolute progress, while middle-income countries tend to
unit regardless of the size of their population, but it is do better in closing the gap.
nonetheless suggestive of where to find some of the most
significant achievements. These aggregate indicators mask the detailed achievements,
and so the remainder of this summary focuses on three
It shows the top 20 countries in rankings against both MDGs: eradicating extreme poverty and hunger (Goal 1),
absolute progress and relative progress. Absolute progress reducing child mortality (Goal 4) and improving maternal
measures which countries have reduced the largest share health (Goal 5). Table 2 summarises the indicators
of the population living in extreme poverty, for instance, considered for these three goals.
or increased primary school enrolment rates by the largest
2
Annual rates of progress are calculated by dividing the total rate of progress by the number years for which data is available.
Where possible equal data periods have been considered.
Table 1 : Absolute and Relative Overall Progress
on the MDGs: Top 20 Achievers*
Top 20 Top 20
Absolute Progress Progress Relative to MDG Targets
Benin Bangladesh Ecuador Kazakhstan
Mali Honduras China Sri Lanka
Ethiopia Mauritania Thailand Cuba
Gambia Ghana Brazil Mexico
Malawi China Egypt El Salvador
Viet Nam Burkina Faso Viet Nam Benin
Uganda Rwanda Honduras Chile
Nepal Nicaragua Belize Malawi
India Guatemala Nicaragua Gambia
Cambodia Togo Armenia Guatemala
*Note: This ranking is based on a simple aggregation of rankings across the first seven MDGs (using one indicator per goal and an
additional indicator on hunger for Goal 1): 1.1 (poverty), 1.8 (hunger); 2.1 (education); 3.1 (gender disparity); 4.1 (child mortality); 5.2
(maternal mortality); 6.1 (HIV AIDS) and 7.8 (water).
4
5. Table 2 : Indicators used for Assessment of Progress
Goal Indicator
Goal 1: 1.1 Proportion of population living on less than $1 per day
Eradicate extreme 1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
poverty and hunger 1.9 Proportion of population below minimum levels of dietary energy
Goal 4:
Reduce child 4.1 Under-five mortality rate
mortality 4.3 Proportion of one- year-old children immunised against measles
Goal 5: 5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Improve 5.3 Antenatal care coverage
maternal health
5
6. MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
MDG 1:
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Extreme poverty in developing countries has fallen since undernourishment and 75% have reduced the number of
the 1990s. Poverty has been reduced in 66% of low- and under-fives who are underweight. Progress rates needed
middle-income countries and 76% of African countries, and to halve the proportion of children who are underweight by
many low-income countries have shown strong (absolute) 2015 have been reached in 44% of countries3. The strongest
progress from a low base (see Table 3). relative progress in reducing overall undernourishment
was made in South-East Asia, Latin America, and the
In terms of (relative) progress against the target, countries Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Ghana tops the
in Asia performed best since the early 1990s. The huge relative progress chart and six sub-Saharan African countries
reduction in the number of poor in China is particularly are in the top ten in terms of absolute progress (see Table 4).
noteworthy. Several African countries have also made strong
relative progress, and the average proportion of people In a number of countries the reductions in hunger are small,
living in poverty declined from 52% in 1990 to 40% in 2008. however, and disparities are great. Ghana cut hunger levels
Ten African countries have already halved their poverty rate, by 75% between 1990 and 2004, while the prevalence of
including relatively populous countries such as Ethiopia and hunger in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) more
Egypt, and post-conflict countries such as Angola. Half of the than doubled to 76% over the same period. Throughout
African countries for which data exist have been reducing Africa the progress on reducing hunger has been slow (and
the poverty rate by at least two percentage points per year, has often regressed) and its prevalence in sub-Saharan
which puts them on track to meet the MDG target of halving Africa remains a major concern. In 2004, an average of 28%
poverty. By contrast, in a small number of countries, such of people were undernourished, only slightly down from
as Nigeria and Zimbabwe, the proportion of the population 31% in 1990, and compared to an average of 18% in low-
living in extreme poverty has risen. and middle-income countries as a whole.
Progress is more mixed on the third target for Goal 1: halving
the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. Just 3
It should be noted, however, that progress on this goal is likely
over half of the countries have made progress in reducing to be affected by the food and financial crises.
6
7. MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Table 3 : Absolute and Relative Progress Table 4 : Absolute and Relative Progress
in Extreme Poverty: Top Ten in Reducing Hunger: Top Ten
Achievers Achievers
Proportion of pop. below $1/Day (1.1) Proportion of population below min. level
of dietary energy consumption (1.9)
Absolute Annual Annual Progress
Percentage Point Relative to MDG Absolute Annual Annual Progress
Progress Targets Percentage Point Relative to MDG
Progress Targets
Gambia Tajikistan
Tajikistan Gambia Georgia Ghana
Viet Nam Azerbaijan Nicaragua Georgia
Pakistan Armenia Djibouti Kyrgyzstan
China Ecuador Ghana Saint Vincent and the
Mali Thailand Myanmar Grenadines
Senegal Viet Nam Armenia Guyana
Ethiopia Costa Rica Ethiopia São Tome and Principe
Central African Rep. China Mozambique Solomon Islands
Guinea Pakistan Chad Nicaragua
Angola Myanmar
Azerbaijan
Viet Nam: Progress in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieved average growth rates of points annually between
7.4% per year between 1990 and 1994 and 2006, from 45%
2008, coupled with a dramatic to 20%, placing Viet Nam
reduction in poverty. The second among all low-income
proportion of people living on countries and first in East Asia.
less than $1/day declined from
63% to 21% between 1993 and • Economic success presents the
2006. This ranks Viet Nam third challenges of rising inequality
among all low-income countries (urban v rural; poor v middle
and first in East Asia in terms of income; ethnic minorities
absolute poverty reduction. v majority population), and
pressures on the natural
• The proportion of underweight environment.
children fell by two percentage
7
8. MDG 4: Reduce child mortality
MDG 4:
Reduce child mortality
Globally, the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) fell by 30%
between 1990 and 2007, with 95% of countries improving
Table 5 : Absolute and Relative
their child-survival rates. Large absolute reductions in Progress in Reducing U5MR:
under-five mortality have occurred in regions with the Top Ten Achievers
highest initial mortality rates, such as sub-Saharan Africa
and South Asia. Performance in Western and Eastern
Africa has been particularly impressive, with average Under-five Mortality Rates (4.1)
annual reductions of 2.64 and 2.16 per 1000 live births.
Significant relative reductions in child mortality can be
found in regions with relatively lower initial mortality rates, Absolute Annual Annual Progress
including North Africa, South-East Asia, and Latin America. Percentage Point Relative to MDG
Progress Targets
Despite strong progress, sub-Saharan Africa is the only
region registering an increased U5MR, in Cameroon, Niger Thailand
Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Kenya, and Zambia. Angola Peru
All 36 countries with child mortality rates above 100 per
Malawi Viet Nam
1000 births are in sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception
of Afghanistan and Myanmar.
Lao DPR Maldives
Bangladesh Turkey
Child immunisation has expanded dramatically since 1990, Nepal Indonesia
with 63 countries in 2007 recording at least 90% coverage Timor-Leste Brazil
(up from just 13 in 1990), and 18 countries reporting Ethiopia Morocco
universal coverage. A number of sub-Saharan African Maldives Ecuador
countries are in the top ten in terms of absolute progress, Guinea Egypt
but immunisation coverage also declined in 11 countries
since 1990. Immunisation rates for one-year-olds have
also fallen in China and Viet Nam, with India reporting the
lowest level of immunisations in South Asia.
Malawi: Progress in reducing child mortality
• Achieved significant progress reductions across all low and
in improving in child health and middle income countries, first in
cutting the prevalence of HIV and its region and second among low-
AIDS. The under-five mortality rate income countries.
fell from 209 deaths per 1000 live
births in 1990, to 111 in 2007 – • Progress has been equitable and
placing it third in terms of absolute has benefitted the poorest.
8
9. MDG 5: Improve maternal health
MDG 5:
Improve maternal health
Data on maternal mortality remain unreliable and out of than doubled their rates of coverage between the mid-1990s
date. Birth attendance by a qualified health professional and mid-2000s, including Cambodia and Morocco. Some of
is thus used here as the best available (and reasonably the lowest levels of antenatal care are found in Asia, but with
accurate) proxy. Top performers in absolute terms started wide variation. Lao DPR has only 35% coverage while in Sri
from a relatively low average level (48%) and include Lanka coverage is universal.
several sub-Saharan countries that have increased their
coverage by an average of between 1.8% and 2.4% each
year. The top performers in terms of relative progress
Table 6 : Absolute and Relative
already had much higher initial coverage rates (average Progress in Professional Birth
93%) and are in the Caribbean, CIS, and some parts of Asia. Attendance: Top Ten Achievers
The proportion of women who have access to health
professionals shows more dramatic variation however than Proportion of births attended by skilled
any of the other MDG indicators examined, ranging from personnel (5.2)
6% in Ethiopia to nearly 100% in a number of countries. In
some regions, especially the Caribbean, CIS, and most of Absolute Annual Annual Progress
Latin America, a high percentage of births are attended by Percentage Point Relative to MDG
skilled personnel. Professional birth attendance is lowest Progress Targets
in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South and South-East
Asia, again with huge variations. In India birth attendance Bhutan Belarus
at 47% is in sharp contrast with China’s 98% coverage. Iraq Saint Vincent and the
Progress has been relatively slow or has even reversed Morocco Grenadines
in some cases, including Sudan, where coverage fell from Egypt Grenada
86% to 49% between 1991 and 2006. Cape Verde St Kitts and Nevis
Angola Saint Lucia
Performance in antenatal care has been stronger than in birth DRC Mongolia
attendance. There are top performers in terms of relative Indonesia Belize
progress in various regions, including a few countries that Benin Iran
started from a relatively low base. For example, Bhutan Belize Iraq
increased its coverage from 51% to 88% between 2000 and Uzbekistan
2007. Some of the top performers in absolute terms more
Bangladesh: Progress in improving maternal health
• Halved maternal mortality rates to almost two in 2008, along with
since the 1980s, although these achieving greater contraceptive use
remain very high at 320 per
100,000 live births • Rapid urbanisation and an
ageing population will pose new
• Reduced the total fertility rate from challenges as the focus to date has
seven children per woman in 1978 been on rural areas
9
10. Who has benefitted? How has progress
While progress has been strong in many countries, it has been achieved?
not always benefitted those who need it most. There are
wide disparities between rich and poor, male and female, The MDG Report Card is part of a larger project that looks
and rural and urban populations. Preliminary data show into progress in several countries and how it is being
that reductions in child malnutrition and improvements in achieved. Findings from some initial case studies suggest
child survival in particular have not always benefitted the that contributing factors include:
poorest. In some countries (e.g. Mauritania) the proportion
of underweight children in the poorest households actually • Consistent leadership committed over an extended
increased, despite aggregate progress. More positively, period of time to reducing poverty, backed by strong
Malawi, Mali, and Niger are examples of countries that implementation and human capacity.
have achieved progress while also improving equity in child
nutrition and survival. Progress in the provision of maternal • Sound macro-economic policies, open trade, and
health services has tended to be more equitable than in recognition and active management of the complementary
child health, and equity has generally improved in countries roles of market and state.
making good progress against this indicator, such as Benin,
DRC, Egypt, and Morocco. Equity in antenatal coverage has • Long-term institutional reform aimed at making the
improved in 60% of the countries for which data exist, with public sector accountable to citizens, and devolution of
Cambodia making the largest improvement in terms of the responsibility and accountability to local levels.
distribution of its antenatal care across income groups.
• Prioritisation of investment in human development, and
While strong progress has been made on gender equity in protection of budgets in health and education.
primary education (Goal 3), in particular in Africa, disparities
remain more severe in child nutrition and child health. • Active community and civil society participation,
In 70% of countries, either more girls or more boys are encouraged by government.
undernourished, and in some cases overall progress on
child nutrition has coincided with a growing gender gap. In • Openness to new technologies, and support for innovation,
Bangladesh, one of the top performers in terms of reducing adaptation, and scaling up.
child undernourishment, there were 10% more girls who were
undernourished than boys. In more than half of all countries • Support from, and partnership with, the international
the gender divide in child mortality has widened. In some community including government and non-government
cases, gender disparities in child nutrition and health show agencies.
regional patterns. For example, undernourishment affects
boys disproportionately in sub-Saharan Africa, while the • These and other factors will be explored in depth in a
reverse is the case in South Asia. report to be published later this year.
10
12. UN Millennium Campaign
AFRICA
Charles Abugre Akelyira - UN Millennium Campaign
Bishop Josiah Kibrah House, All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC)
Waiyaki Way
PO Box 14202 00800, Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254 (0) 20 44 53 440, Fax: +254 (0) 20 44 53 444
charles.akelyira@undp.org
ASIA
Minar Pimple - UN Millennium Campaign
Rajasamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel: +66 (0) 2 288 2806, Fax: +66 (0) 2 288 1052
minar.pimple@undp.org
EUROPE
Marina Ponti - UN Millennium Campaign
UNDP/UNOPS c/o FAO, Building E-First Floor
Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 1, 00153 Rome, Italy
Tel: +39 (0)6 5705 6597, Fax +39(0)6 5705 3007
marina.ponti@undp.org
NORTH AMERICA
Anita Sharma - UN Millennium Campaign
1800 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20036, USA
Tel: +1-202-887-9040, Fax: +1 202-877-9021
anita.sharma@undp.org
GLOBAL
Sering Falu Njie - UN Millennium Campaign
304 E 45th Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10017 USA
Tel: +1 212-906-6024, Fax: +1 212-906-6057
sering.njie@undp.org
www.endpoverty2015.org
The UN Millennium Campaign was established by the UN Secretary General Kofi Anna in 2002. The Campaign supports
citizens in their efforts to hold their governments to account for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
The Millennium Development Goals were adopted by 189 word leaders from the north and south, as part of the Millennium
Declaration which was signed in 2000. These leaders agreed to achieve the goals by 2015. Our premise is simple: we are
the first generation that can end poverty and we refuse to miss this opportunity.
Overseas Development Institute
111 Westminster Bridge Road
London SE1 7JD, UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7922 0300
Fax: +44 (0)20 7922 0399
odi@odi.org.uk
www.odi.org.uk