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5. Migration Law
Annotated Migration Act with Related
Commentary

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7. Migration Law
Annotated Migration Act with Related
Commentary
BEN PETRIE
LLB (Hons), BA, BSc
NATASHA BOSNJAK
LLB (Hons), BA, Grad Dip (Psych)
FOREWORD BY
JUDGE GRANT RIETHMULLER
LAWBOOK CO.
2016

8. Published in Sydney by
Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited
ABN 64 058 914 668
19 Harris Street, Pyrmont, NSW
National Library of Australia.
Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Migration Law: Annotated Migration Act with Related Legislation / Ben
Petrie; Natasha Bosnjak
Includes index.
ISBN: 9780 4 552 37732 (paperback)
Subjects: Emigration and immigration law — Australia.
Australia — Emigration and immigration.
342.94082
© 2016 Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited
This publication is copyright. Other than for the purposes of and subject
to the conditions prescribed under the Copyright Act, no part of it may
in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, microcopying,
photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission.
Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers.
Product Developer: Catherine Fitzgerald
Editor: Nikki Savvides
Editorial team: Angela Bandiera, Nicola Bodor, Elizabeth Gandy, Paul
Godwin, Ursula Neumayer-Stewart, Vanessa Schlenert, Chris Wallace
Printed by Ligare Pty Ltd, Riverwood, NSW
This book has been printed on paper certified by the Programme for the
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sustainable forest management through third party forest certification of
responsibly managed forests. For more info: http://www.pefc.org

9. FOREWORD
In Australia migration law has a long and complex history reflected in a vast array of visa
categories contained in long and detailed legislative provisions. Over the last 20 years
migration cases have dominated the judgments of the High Court of Australia as Australia’s
administrative law has developed through the close scrutiny of thousands of litigants
challenging decisions made under the Migration Act.
The law in this area is inevitably controversial, involving those with hopes and dreams of a
better life through refuge in a country of safety, opportunities to be educated, reuniting with
family members, or by bringing skills to contribute to life in Australia. The fundamental nature
of migration issues invites emotive political debate about significant policy issues that affect
Australian society as a whole.
What is easily overlooked in this turbulent arena of political debate is that the meaning and
operation of the specific provisions of the Act is of more immediate concern to visa applicants.
Ultimately it is the technical provisions in force at the time of a visa application that
determines whether an individual is able to obtain, or retain, a visa, residency, or citizenship. It
is through the myriad of individual cases, decided in the thicket of technical provisions that the
legal and social policy issues have emerged. The law has tested the relationship between the
judicial and administrative branches of government as courts have been persuaded to quash
decisions of the Minister, delegates and tribunals in cases where the outcomes have not been
effected in accordance with substantive or procedural law. This area of law highlights the
importance of the rule of law in a just society.
The careful practitioner must not only deal with legislation and regulations that are lengthy and
technical, but also an enormous volume of case law. The sheer number of migration and
refugee cases reported on the Australian Legal Information Institute website highlights the
problem of locating relevant judgments: a search for cases where the Minister for Immigration
was a party returns over 30,000 decisions. In the High Court alone, there are 115 appeal
decisions to which the Minister for Immigration has been a party. No other civil law litigant
has had so many cases in the High Court in the last 20 years. As a judge of the Federal Circuit
Court, where the majority of migration cases are filed, I am only too well aware of the
complexities that arise from the unique facts and circumstances of individual cases, each
requiring individual consideration. This overwhelming volume of materials has called out for a
work such as this for some time.
Ben Petrie and Natasha Bosnjak, have undertaken the herculean task of collecting and
identifying the seminal decisions in a structured and readable form to explain the operation of
the key provisions of the Act. They have clearly drawn upon their experience as litigators and
academic training to produce such a practical and accessible work. In an area such as this,
where there is such an overwhelming volume of materials, it is the careful selection of key
references and information that adds the greatest value for those dealing with cases on a daily
basis.
Practitioners, judges and administrators will benefit greatly from the resources so thoughtfully
collected in the annotations, coupled with the clear statements of the law, and selected quotes
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS v

10. from the cases. I have no doubt that access to these materials will ensure that visa applicants
will avoid many technical pitfalls, and present their cases with the nuances of the law in mind,
enabling them to have their applications determined on their merits. Fortunately the format of
this work allows for regular updates, so important in an area of law where the legislation,
regulations and case law changes so rapidly and relentlessly.
We are indeed fortunate that two lawyers with such experience at the coal face of migration
law litigation have been prepared to share their insightful and eminently practical distillation of
the law. I can only commend the work to all who seek to understand the operation of the
relevant provisions of the Act.
Judge Grant Riethmuller
Federal Circuit Court
Chambers, Melbourne
1 May 2016
Migration Law
Migration Law
vi

11. PREFACE
The question of how to treat foreigners has long occupied a central place in Australia’s national
conscience. One of the first pieces of legislation passed by the Parliament of the newly formed
federation in 1901 was the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth) which, together with the
Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 (Cth) and the Post and Telegraph Act 1901 (Cth), outlined
the nation’s vision of a “white” future, utilising the infamous “Dictation Test”. Foretelling a
trend that was never to cease, the legislation was also among the first to be amended with the
passage of the Immigration Restriction Amendment Act 1905 (Cth) which made the Dictation
Test even more difficult for immigrants to overcome. Between 1905 and 1949 the legislation
would be amended a further 13 times, operating in tandem with various other pieces of
migration-focussed laws.
The Migration Act 1958 (Cth), which is the principal focus of this book, consolidated and
modernised (by the standards of the time) Australia’s migration legislation. The Minister for
Immigration who introduced the Bill, the Hon. A.R. Downer, MP, had been a prisoner of war
in Changi1
and, no doubt reflecting on his own experiences, adopted a more humane approach
to the treatment of migrants. Having discarded the Dictation Test, which was described in the
Explanatory Memorandum to the Bill as “objectionable on a number of grounds”,2
he
described the Act as the “finest immigration charter that the world has yet seen”.3
The apparent
price of achieving this feat however was an Act that was “necessarily rather long and
technical”.4
Evidently, the Minister did not anticipate the extent to which the scheme of
legislation would be built upon over the next fifty years. Each Government since, even where
the party in power has not changed, has sought to impose its own peculiar migration policy,
with the necessary amendments to the Act. The result is a unique mixture of drafting styles and
policy objectives contained within a single piece of legislation.
As long as Australia remains a popular destination for migrants from around the world, the
Department, tribunals and courts will be called upon to interpret the various provisions of the
Act and the Regulations, while being ever-mindful of the growing body of case law that has
traversed the same ground. The Department has forecast in this regard that yearly immigration
is set to increase to approximately 525,000 (excluding forecast departures) by the year ending
June 2019.5
Unsurprisingly, a large number of those whose migration applications are rejected
seek to challenge the decision made against them. In the year ending June 2015, a total of
18,534 applications for review were made to the former Migration Review Tribunal and
Refugee Review Tribunal.6
And those figures have predictably translated to a significant
number of judicial review cases before the courts. Thus, over 90% of all applications for
constitutional writs made to the High Court in the past 5 years have been migration matters.7
In the Federal Court, a total of 367 cases arising under the Migration Act were initiated for the
year ending June 2015, representing a 36% increase on the preceding year.8
But it is the
Federal Circuit Court which hears the majority of cases: in the 2014-15 financial year, 3,896
applications for judicial review were filed across the country.9
This is a significant increase on
the 959 applications that were filed in the corresponding period of 2010-11.10
The result is that
the Migration Act is one of the most litigated pieces of legislation in the country.
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS vii

12. Given the regular changes in the legislation and case law that migration agents and lawyers are
required to keep abreast of, it is surprising (or perhaps unsurprising) that the Act has not
previously been subjected to a rigorous section-by-section exposition. That has been the
objective of the authors of this book. We have sought to explain each section of the Act by
reference to illuminating case law or explanatory memoranda. Inevitably, when dealing with
legislation of the size of the Act, we have had to select certain cases over others with the
consequence that some cases which people may consider to be important have been excluded.
We have also provided limited guidance in relation to the Regulations, Ministerial Directions
and other Legislative Instruments.
In the process of drafting this book large parts have had to be revised, and revised again, due
to significant legislative amendments or judicial pronouncements. In particular, the Migration
Review Tribunal and Refugee Review Tribunal were amalgamated with the Administrative
Appeals Tribunal on 1 July 2015 pursuant to the Tribunals Amalgamation Act 2015 (Cth).
Additionally, the Immigration Assessment Authority was created as a separate office within the
Administrative Appeals Tribunal to administer a new fast track system for certain unauthorised
maritime arrivals or as specified by the Minister, and commenced hearing matters in early
2015. Important cases have also been handed down. In Plaintiff S297/2015 v Minister for
Immigration and Border Protection [2015] HCA 3, the Minister had refused to grant the
plaintiff a protection visa because of the plaintiff’s status as an unauthorised maritime arrival.
The High Court held however that the Minister could not attach an additional consequence to
a person being an unauthorised maritime arrival beyond that fixed by the Act and ordered the
Minister to instead grant the plaintiff a permanent protection visa, depriving the Minister of
any further opportunity to consider the matter. In relation to migration visas, in Ahmad v
Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 182, a Full Court of the
Federal Court determined that an applicant for a skilled visa may seek merits review of a
refusal to grant the visa notwithstanding that the proposed sponsor’s nomination of the
applicant has been refused. In more recent times, in Plaintiff M68/2015 v Minister for
Immigration and Border Protection & Ors [2016] HCA 1 the High Court considered, among
other things, the circumstances in which the Executive may detain a person; the scope and
limits of Commonwealth Executive power; the constitutional validity of s 198AHA of the Act;
and the power of the Commonwealth to enter into and give effect to arrangements with a
foreign country under that provision for the “regional processing” of unlawful maritime
arrivals. These judgments represent but a few of those delivered in the preceding 12 months
that the practitioner who specialises in migration law will find to be of interest.
While we could go on providing further musings in relation to the vagaries of migration law, it
is rather appropriate that we acknowledge those who played an important role in the
preparation and production of this book. We are grateful to the team at Thomson Reuters and,
in particular, single out for thanks Catherine Fitzgerald for her unwavering support, guidance
and encouragement. We also record our sincere appreciation (in alphabetical order) to Nicola
Bodor, Liz Gandy, Ursula Neumayer-Stewart, Nikki Savvides, Vanessa Schlenert and the
broader production and editorial team, for calmly overseeing the various stages of the project
and expertly handling a manuscript of such a large size. Finally, the authors thank Judge
Riethmuller for kindly agreeing to write a foreword to this book.
The authors have endeavoured to state the law as at 1 May 2016. Any errors in the book are
that of the authors alone.
Ben Petrie
Natasha Bosnjak
May 2016
Migration Law
Migration Law
viii

13. 1 Australian Dictionary of Biography, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/downer-sir-alexander-russell-alick-
12434, accessed 10 May 2016.
2 Migration Bill 1958 (Cth), Explanatory Memorandum at [7].
3 Australian Dictionary of Biography (n 1).
4 Migration Bill 1958 (Cth), Explanatory Memorandum, p 1.
5 The Department of Immigration and Border Protection, “The Outlook for Net Overseas Migration: As at
June 2015”, June 2015, https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/statistics/nom-June-
2015.pdf, accessed 10 May 2016.
6 Australian Government, Migration Review Tribunal – Refugee Review Tribunal, “Annual Report 2014-15”,
29 September 2015, http://www.aat.gov.au/aat/files/MRDAnnualReports/MRTRRTAR201415.pdf, accessed
10 May 2016.
7 High Court of Australia, Annual Report 2014-2015, 12 November 2015, 19, 23
(http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/corporate/annual-reports/hca-annual-report-2014-15.pdf).
8 Federal Court of Australia, Annual Report 2014-2015, 16 September 2015, 17
(http://www.fedcourt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/29778/Annual-Report-2014-15.pdf).
9 Federal Circuit Court of Australia, Annual Report 2014-2015, 2 September 2015, 59.
10 Ibid, 66.
Preface
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS ix

15. CONTENTS
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... v
Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ vii
About this publication ............................................................................................................................... xiii
About the authors ...................................................................................................................................... xix
Table of Cases ........................................................................................................................................... xxi
MIGRATION ACT 1958 ................................................................................................. 1
Table of Provisions ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Table of Amending Legislation ................................................................................................................. 27
Table of Annotations .................................................................................................................................. 51
Part 1 — Preliminary (ss 1–12) ................................................................................................................ 59
Part 2 – Arrival, presence and departure of persons (ss 13–274) .......................................................... 119
Part 3 – Migration agents and immigration assistance (ss 275–332H) ................................................. 565
Part 4 – Offences relating to decisions under Act (ss 334–336) ............................................................ 625
Part 4A – Obligations relating to identifying information (ss 336A–336L) .......................................... 627
Part 5 – Review of Part 5-reviewable decisions (ss 336M–393) ........................................................... 639
Part 6 – Migration Review Tribunal [Repealed] (ss 394–408) .............................................................. 799
Part 7 – Review of Part 7-reviewable decisions (ss 408–473) .............................................................. 801
Part 7A – Statutory agency for purposes of Public Services Act [Repealed] (s 473A) ........................ 945
Part 7AA – Fast track review process in relation to certain protection visa decisions
(ss 473BA–473JF) ........................................................................................................................... 947
Part 8 – Judicial review (ss 474–484) ..................................................................................................... 989
Part 8A – Restrictions on court proceedings (ss 486A–486D) ............................................................ 1011
Part 8B – Costs orders where proceedings have no reasonable prospect of success (ss 486E–486K) .... 1019
Part 8C – Reports on persons in detention for more than 2 years (ss 486L–486Q) .......................... 1023
Part 8D – Civil penalties (ss 486R–486ZG) ......................................................................................... 1025
Part 8E – Investigation powers relating to certain offences and provisions (ss 487A–487ZH) ......... 1031
Part 9 – Miscellaneous (ss 487ZI–507) ................................................................................................ 1047
The Schedule – Acts relating to immigration and deportation ............................................................. 1157
MIGRATION REGULATIONS 1994 ......................................................................... 1160
Table of Provisions ................................................................................................................................. 1161
Table of Amending Legislation .............................................................................................................. 1181
Commentary to the Migration Regulations 1994 .................................................................................. 1205
Part 1 – Preliminary (regs 1.01–1.44) ................................................................................................... 1223
Part 2 – Visas (regs 2.01–2.55) ............................................................................................................. 1297
Part 2A – Sponsorship applicable to Division 3A of Part 2 of the Act (regs 2.56–2.106) ................ 1383
Part 3 – Immigration clearance and collection of information (regs 3.01–3.31) ................................ 1481
Part 4 – Review of decisions (regs 4.01–4.40] ..................................................................................... 1499
Part 5 – Miscellaneous (regs 5.01–5.45) ............................................................................................... 1525
Schedule 1 – Classes of visas ................................................................................................................ 1561
Schedule 3 – Additional criteria applicable to unlawful non-citizens and certain bridging
visa holders .................................................................................................................................... 1695
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xi

16. Schedule 4 – Public interest criteria and related provisions ................................................................ 1699
Schedule 5 — Special return criteria .................................................................................................... 1713
Schedule 5A – Evidentiary requirements for student visas .................................................................. 1717
Schedule 5B – Evidentiary requirements for student visa – secondary applicants ............................. 1755
Schedules 6–6C – General points tests [Repealed] .............................................................................. 1761
Schedule 6D – General points test for General Skilled Migration Visas mentioned in
subregulation 2.26AC(1) ............................................................................................................... 1763
Schedule 7 – Business skills points test – attributes and points [Repealed] ....................................... 1771
Schedule 7A – Business innovation and investment points test – attributes and points
(Business Skills Provisional) (Class EB) visas) ........................................................................... 1773
Schedule 8 — Visa conditions ............................................................................................................... 1779
Schedule 8A — Amount of partial refund [Repealed] ......................................................................... 1795
Schedule 9 – Special entry and clearance arrangements ...................................................................... 1797
Schedule 10 – Prescribed forms ............................................................................................................ 1803
Schedule 11 – Memorandum of Understanding ................................................................................... 1809
Schedule 12 – Exchange of letters ........................................................................................................ 1811
Schedule 13 – Transitional arrangements .............................................................................................. 1813
Ministerial Directions and Legislative Instruments .............................................................................. 1837
RELATED LEGISLATION ........................................................................................ 1911
Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946 (Cth) ..................................................................... 1913
Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Regulations 2001 (Cth) ....................................................... 1923
Migration (Visa Application) Charge Act 1997 (Cth) .......................................................................... 1929
Migration Agents Registration Application Charge Act 1997 (Cth) .................................................... 1935
Migration Agents Registration Application Charge Regulations 1998 (Cth) ....................................... 1941
Border Protection (Validation and Enforcement Powers) Act 2001 (Cth) ........................................... 1945
Migration Agents Regulations 1998 (Cth) ............................................................................................ 1955
Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 2009
Migration Law
Migration Law
xii

17. ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION
SCOPE OF THIS WORK
Migration Law – Annotated Migration Act with Related Legislation contains the full text of the
Migration Act 1958 with clear and comprehensive annotations written by Ben Petrie and
Natasha Bosnjak. The publication also contains related legislation. It is an essential reference
for legal practitioners, business professionals and students of migration law. A table of
annotated provisions is included at p 51 of this volume, as is a table of the cases mentioned in
the annotations at p xxi.
Annotations to legislative provisions and non-legislative material are distinguished from
legislative provisions by the use of shading. Legislative provisions are shaded whereas the
annotations are not.
The content of this publication is drawn from the online subscription work Migration Act
Annotated.
LEGISLATION
Migration Law contains the following legislation:
• Migration Act 1958
• Migration Regulations 1994 (except Schedule 2)
• Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946
• Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Regulations 2001
• Migration (Visa Application) Charge Act 1997
• Migration Agents Registration Application Charge Act 1997
• Migration Agents Registration Application Charge Regulations 1998
• Border Protection (Validation and Enforcement Powers) Act 2001
• Migration Agents Regulations 1998
CURRENCY
The Acts and regulations reproduced in this book are current as at 19 April 2016.
LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS IN THIS EDITION
Migration Law takes account of the amendments listed below.
Where provisions of an amending Act have not yet commenced, special notes have been
included in the section affected by the changes with a heading “Future commencements”.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth)
Amending Acts
• Counter-Terrorism Legislation Amendment (Foreign Fighters) Act 2014 – Act 116 of
2014
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xiii

18. • Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum
Legacy Caseload) Act 2014 – Act 135 of 2014
• Migration Amendment (Protection and Other Measures) Act 2015 – Act 35 of 2015
• Customs and Other Legislation Amendment (Australian Border Force) Act 2015 – Act
41 of 2015
• Tribunals Amalgamation Act 2015 – Act 60 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Regional Processing Arrangements) Act 2015 – Act 104 of
2015
• Migration Amendment (Strengthening Biometrics Integrity) Act 2015 – Act 115 of
2015
• Acts and Instruments (Framework Reform) (Consequential Provisions) Act 2015 – Act
126 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Charging for a Migration Outcome) Act 2015 – Act 161 of
2015
• Statute Law Revision Act (No 1) 2016 – Act 4 of 2016
• Migration Legislation Amendment (Cessation of Visa Labels) Act 2016 – Act 34 of
2016
Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth)
Amending Act and Regulations
• Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum
Legacy Caseload) Act 2014 – Act 135 of 2014 (as amended by the Migration
Amendment (Protection and Other Measures) Act 2015)
• Customs and Other Laws (Repeal and Consequential Amendments) Regulation 2015 –
SLI 31 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (2015 Measures No 1) Regulation 2015 – SLI 34 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Protection and Other Measures) Regulation 2015 – SLI 47 of
2015
• Migration Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Regulation 2015 –
SLI 48 of 2015
• Customs and Other Legislation Amendment (Australian Border Force) Regulation
2015 – SLI 90 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Investor Visas) Regulation 2015 – SLI 102 of 2015
• Migration Legislation Amendment (2015 Measures No 2) Regulation 2015 – SLI 103
of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Visa Labels) Regulation 2015 – SLI 144 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Conversion of Protection Visa Applications) Regulation 2015
– SLI 164 of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Special Category Visas and Special Return Criterion 5001)
Regulation 2015 – SLI 169 of 2015
• Migration Legislation Amendment (2015 Measures No 3) Regulation 2015 – SLI 184
of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Clarifying Subclass 457 Requirements) Regulation 2015 – SLI
185 of 2015
Migration Law
Migration Law
xiv

19. • Migration Amendment (Offshore Resources Activity) Regulation 2015 – SLI 211 of
2015
• Migration Amendment (Charging for a Migration Outcome and Other Measures)
Regulation 2015 – SLI 242 of 2015
• Migration Legislation Amendment (2015 Measures No 4) Regulation 2015 – SLI 243
of 2015
• Migration Amendment (Priority Consideration of Certain Visa Applications)
Regulation 2016 – F2016L00295 of 2016
• Migration Legislation Amendment (2016 Measures No 1) Regulation 2016 –
F2016L00523 of 2016
Migration (Visa Application) Charge Act 1997 (Cth)
Amending Act
• Statute Law Revision Act (No 2) 2015 – Act 145 of 2015
Migration Agents Registration Application Charge Act 1997 (Cth)
Amending Act
• Statute Law Revision Act (No 2) 2015 – Act 145 of 2015
Migration Agents Regulations 1998 (Cth)
Amending Regulations
• Migration Legislation Amendment (2015 Measures No 2) Regulation 2015 – SLI 103
of 2015 – Act 145 of 2015
FUTURE COMMENCEMENTS
Migration Act 1958 (Cth)
Amending legislation Number Date of
gazettal/assent/
registration
Date of commence-
ment
Norfolk Island Legislation
Amendment Act 2015
59 of 2015 26 May 2015 Sch 2 items 249-254
commence 1 Jul 2016
Biosecurity
(Consequential
Amendments and
Transitional Provisions)
Act 2015
62 of 2015 16 Jun 2015 Sch 2 items 34 and 35
commence at the same
time as s 3 of the
Biosecurity Act 2015
commences (to be
proclaimed or 16 Jun
2016)
Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth)
Amending legislation Number Date of
gazettal/assent/
registration
Date of commence-
ment
Migration Legislation
Amendment (2016
Measures No 1)
Regulation 2016
F2016L00523 of
2016
15 April 2016 Sch 4 items 1-26 and
33-50 and Sch 5 item
2 commence 1 Jul
2016
About this Publication
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xv

20. Amending legislation Number Date of
gazettal/assent/
registration
Date of commence-
ment
Trade Legislation
Amendment (Australian
Trade and Investment
Commission) Regulation
2016
F2016L00539 of
2016
19 Apr 2016 Sch 1 item 21
commences 1 May
2016
Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946 (Cth)
Amending legislation Number Date of
gazettal/assent/
registration
Date of commence-
ment
Norfolk Island Legislation
Amendment Act 2015
59 of 2015 26 May 2015 Sch 2 items 225 and
226 commence 1 Jul
2016
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS
Migration Act 1958 (Cth)
Guardian for Unaccompanied Children Bill 2014 – 2nd reading speech Senate 16 Jul 2014.
Report of Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee tabled 9 Feb 2015.
Sch 1 items 3-9 commence at the same time as provs covered by table item 2 (to be
proclaimed, or 6 months after date of assent).
Migration Amendment (Free the Children) Bill 2016 – 2nd reading speech Senate 2 Mar 2016.
Sch 1 items 1-13 commence on date of assent.
Migration Amendment (Humanitarian Visa Intake) Bill 2014 – 2nd reading speech Senate 25
Sep 2014. Sch 1 items 1-3 commence day after date of assent.
Migration Amendment (Protecting Babies Born in Australia) Bill 2014 – debate Senate 25 Feb
2016. Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee report tabled 10 Feb
2015. Sch 1 item 1 commences day after date of assent.
Migration Amendment (Visa Maximum Numbers Determinations) Bill 2013 – debate Senate 12
Dec 2013. Sch 1 items 1 and 2 commence day after date of assent.
Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946 (Cth)
Guardian for Unaccompanied Children Bill 2014 – 2nd reading speech Senate 16 Jul 2014.
Report of Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee tabled 9 Feb 2015.
Sch 1 items 1 and 2 commence at the same time as provs covered by table item 2 (to be
proclaimed, or 6 months after date of assent).
LEGISLATION — SPECIAL FEATURES
HISTORY NOTES
The history notes have been entered into an abbreviated form using the number and year of the
amending Act, rule or regulation and a descriptor (eg. “insrt”) to show the effect of the
amending Act, rule or regulation. The abbreviations used in the historical notes are as follows:
• insrt — inserted
• am — amended
• subst — substituted
Migration Law
Migration Law
xvi

21. • rep — repealed
• exp — expired
• reinsrt — reinserted
• renum — renumbered
• reloc — relocated
• mod – modified
Example: History note under s 46B(7) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth):
[Subs (7) am Act 35 of 2015, s 3 and Sch 3 item 10, with effect from 18 Apr 2015]
This note indicates that subsection (7) was amended by Act 35 of 2015, Schedule 3 item 10.
Section 3 is a reference to the enacting provision.
Details of the short title of the amending Act or regulation, assent/gazettal/registration and
commencement dates and transitional provisions are located in the Table of Amending
Legislation following the Table of Provisions.
EDITOR’S NOTES
Editor’s notes have been integrated into this publication to assist practitioners with identifying
information relevant to the interpretation of a particular section or regulation, including:
(1) gaps in numbering in a particular Act or regulation; and
(2) misdescribed amendments, drafting errors or disallowances.
Example: Editor’s note under reg 2.08H of the Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth):
[Editor’s Note: Reg 2.08H as insrt by SLI 234 of 2013, reg 4 and Sch 1 item 2, with effect from 18
Oct 2013, was disallowed by the Senate on 2 Dec 2013.]
CROSS REFERENCES
Cross-references have been integrated into this publication to indicate where other Legislative
Instruments affect a provision of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) or the Migration Regulations
1994 (Cth).
Example: Cross-reference under s 5 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth):
[Cross-reference: Legislative Instruments: IMMI 15/004 — Migration Regulations 1994 –
Specification of Evidence of Functional English Language Proficiency 2015: This Instrument specifies
the qualifications or experience necessary for the purposes of providing evidence of English language
proficiency. This includes specifying educational experience and results obtained as a consequence of
sitting specific English language tests including the International English Language Testing System
(IELTS) test.]
Cross-references have also been integrated to indicate where Ministerial Directions affect a
provision of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) or the Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth).
Example: Cross-reference under s 5 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth):
[Cross-reference: Ministerial Directions: Bridging E Visas – Cancellation under s 116(1)(g) – Reg
2.43(1)(p) or (q) (Direction No. 63): The purpose of this Direction is to guide decision-makers who
are delegated to perform functions or exercise powers under the Act to cancel the visa of a non-citizen
under s 116(1)(g) and reg 2.43(1)(p) or (q).]
Legislation — special features
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xvii

22. MIGRATION LAW ONLINE
Migration Law is also available as the online service Migration Act Annotated. It has all the
features of the book and in addition it has the following benefits to keep you up to date with
developments in migration law:
• Regular updates – The commentary is updated regularly and amendments to
legislation are available soon after commencement.
• Linking and integration – Migration Act Annotated online works in conjunction
with other Thomson Reuters Online services so that you can click on a case name and
get access to Firstpoint litigation history and case summary and citation links which
will take you directly to the full text of cases.
ENQUIRIES
Considerable care has been taken in this compilation, but the interpretation and consolidation
of the legislation is complex. The publisher invites feedback on this edition. If improvements
or errors are advised, we will seek to publish updates online and in future releases.
Correspondence may be addressed to:
care.anz@tr.com
Phone from Australia: 1300 304 195
Fax from Australia: 1300 304 196
Thomson Reuters Customer Service
Reply Paid 3502
PO Box 3502
Rozelle NSW 2039
Migration Law
Migration Law
xviii

23. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Ben Petrie, LLB (Hons), BA, BSc
Ben Petrie has a broad commercial and public law practice with a particular emphasis on
judicial review proceedings. He has acted in many notable cases litigated under the Migration
Act, and has appeared as advocate for the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection
before the Federal Circuit Court, Federal Court and High Court.
Natasha Bosnjak, LLB (Hons), BA, Grad Dip (Psych)
Natasha Bosnjak is a Senior Associate at Clayton Utz in the Litigation and Dispute Resolution
team. She acts in both public law and commercial matters. Natasha has advised the Minister
for Immigration and Border Protection for nearly a decade in hundreds of migration matters
(from the Tribunal to the various courts, including the Federal Circuit Court, Federal Court and
High Court).
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xix

25. TABLE OF CASES
A
A v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1997) 190 CLR 225; 142 ALR 331; 71
ALJR 381; [1997] 4 Leg Rep 9; [1997] HCA 4 ..................................................... 5L.20, 36.20, 36.30
A v Pelekanakis (1999) 91 FCR 70; 57 ALD 131; [1999] FCA 236 ..................................... 54.20, 54.40
AZAAD v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 189 FCR 494; 274 ALR 55;
[2010] FCAFC 156 ....................................................................................................... 360.140, 425.140
Abebe v Commonwealth of Australia (1999) 197 CLR 510; 55 ALD 1; 162 ALR 1; 73
ALJR 584; 7 Leg Rep 2; [1999] HCA 14 ............................................................................... 5AAA.20
Aboriginal Affairs, Minister for v Peko-Wallsend Ltd (1986) 162 CLR 24; 66 ALR 299;
[1986] HCA 40 ................................................................................................ 56.120, 359.180, 424.180
Adrian Phillip Joel v Migration Agents Registration Board (1997) 49 ALD 79; [1997]
FCA 989 ......................................................................................................................................... 309.40
Ahmad v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 182 ............ 338.160, 338.260
Ahmed v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] HCATrans 35 ...................... 477.80, 477A.80
Ahmed v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 194 ALR 156; [2001]
FCA 1101 .................................................................................................................... 366C.20, 366C.80
Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission (1992) 175 CLR 564; 66 ALJR 271; [1992]
HCA 10 ........................................................................................................ 339.60, 411.220, 473BD.30
Akpata v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004]
FCAFC 65 ................................................................... 501.20, 501.240, 501A.180, 501B.120, 501F.40
Algama v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 115 FCR 253; 194
ALR 37; [2001] FCA 1884 ........................................................................................... 366D.20, 427.80
Amin and Migration Agents Registration Authority [2005] AATA 257 ........................................ MAR.20
Anani v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship [2013] FCCA
1140 ..................................................................................................................................... 41.60, 41.140
Andrayani v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCA 117 .......................................... 41.60
Andrayani v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] HCASL 106 ..................................... 41.60
Annetts v McCann (1990) 170 CLR 596 97 ALR 177; [1990] HCA 57 ...................................... 357A.40
Annetts v McCann (1990) 170 CLR 596; 97 ALR 177; [1990] HCA 57 ....... 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40,
127A.40, 422B.40
Antipova v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 151
FCR 480; [2006] FCA 584 ................ 51A.100, 97A.100, 118A.100, 127A.100, 357A.120, 422B.120
Appellant P119/2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
[2003] FCAFC 230 ....................................................................... 360.200, 366C.80, 425.180, 427.180
Applicant A v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1997) 190 CLR 225; 142
ALR 331; 71 ALJR 381; [1997] 4 Leg Rep 9; [1997] HCA 4 .............................. 5H.20, 5J.20, 5J.30
Applicant A2 of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
[2003] FCA 576 ............................................................................................................. 477.80, 477A.80
Applicant in WAD 230/2014 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (No 2)
[2015] FCA 705 ......................................................................................................................... MDLI.10
Applicant M1014 of 2003 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous
Affairs [2006] FCA 1190 ................................................................................................. 373.40, 435.40
Applicant S v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2004) 217 CLR 387; 77
ALD 541; 206 ALR 242; 78 ALJR 854; [2004] HCA 25 ............................................................. 36.20
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xxi

26. Applicant VAAN of 2001 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 70
ALD 289; [2002] FCA 197 ........................................................................................................... 269.60
Applicant WAEE v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
(2003) 75 ALD 630; [2003] FCAFC 184 ................................................................... 348.120, 414.120
Application of Amalgamated Anthracite Collieries Ltd, Re (1927) 43 TLR 672 ........... 501.40, 501A.80,
501B.60
Assad v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2009] FMCA 722 ............................................. 41.60
Assi v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FMCA
260 ................................................................................................................................. 347.260, 412.280
Attorney General v Wentworth (1988) 14 NSWLR 481 .............................................................. MAR.220
Australia Meat Holding Pty Ltd v Kazi [2004] 2 Qd R 459; [2004] QCA 147 .............................. 235.20
Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond (1990) 170 CLR 321; 94 ALR 11; 64 ALJR
462; [1990] HCA 33 ........................................................................................ 290.40, 303.40, MAR.40
Australian Capital Territory Revenue, Commissioner for v Alphaone Pty Ltd (1994) 49
FCR 576; 127 ALR 699; 34 ALD 324 ...................................................................................... 357A.40
Australian Capital Territory Revenue, Commissioner for v Alphaone Pty Ltd (1994) 49
FCR 576; 34 ALD 324; 127 ALR 699 ...................................................................................... 422B.40
Australian Maritime Officers’ Union v Assistant Minister for Immigration and Border
Protection [2015] FCAFC 45 ......................................................................................................... 9A.20
Avaiya v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] FCCA 268 ............................. 486D.20
Ayoub v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2015) 231 FCR 513; [2015]
FCAFC 83 .................................................................................................................................... 501.290
B
Bains v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 205 FCR 217; 128 ALD 544;
[2012] FCA 649 ............................................................................................................ 360.260, 425.240
Baker v The Queen (2004) 223 CLR 513; 210 ALR 1; [2004] HCA 45 ................... 137L.60, 473DD.30
Bal v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2002) 189 ALR
566; 69 ALD 634; [2002] FCAFC 189 .......................................................................................... 46.30
Ball v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 75 ALD
199; 199 ALR 374; [2003] FCA 699 ............................ 107.100, 109.120, 119.160, 127.60, 501G.140
Basbas v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA
1602 ............................................................................................................................................. 486C.20
Behrooz v Secretary, Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
(2004) 219 CLR 486; 208 ALR 271; [2004] HCA 36 ................................................................. 273.20
Berenguel v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 264 ALR 417; 84 ALJR
251; [2010] HCA 8 .................................................................................................................... MR0.100
Bodruddaza v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2007) 228 CLR 651;
234 ALR 114; [2007] HCA 14 ................................................................................................... 486A.20
Border Protection v WZAPN [2015] HCA 22 ..................................................................................... 5J.20
Braganza v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 109 FCR 364; 183
ALR 123; [2001] FCA 318 .......................................................................................... 347.280, 348.140
Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336; ALR 334; 12 ALJR 100; [1938] HCA 34 ......... MAR.20
Brown v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 112 ALD 67; [2009] FCA 1098 ......... 501.20
Burton v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 149
FCR 20; [2005] FCA 1455 ......................................................................................... 375A.40, 375A.60
Bushell v Repatriation Commission (1992) 175 CLR 408; 109 ALR 30; [1992] HCA 47 ......... 348.100,
414.100
C
C v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1999) 94 FCR 366; 59 ALD 643;
[1999] FCA 1430 .................................................................................................................. 5J.20, 36.20
CZAY v Minister for Immigration [2012] FMCA 50 ....................................................... 477.80, 477A.80
Table of Cases
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27. Cabal v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 546 ............... 360.280, 425.260
Calado v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1997) 81 FCR 450 ................ 5J.20, 36.20
Carlos v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 113 FCR 456; [2001]
FCA 1087 .................................................................................................................... 362A.40, 362A.60
Chan v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1989) 169 CLR 379; 87 ALR 412;
63 ALJR 561; [1989] HCA 62 ............................................................................................. 5J.20, 36.20
Chan Ta Srey v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003)
134 FCR 308; [2003] FCA 1292 ............................................................................ 66.20, 66.60, 66.120
Chan Yee Kin v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1989) 169 CLR 379; 87
ALR 412; 63 ALJR 561; [1989] HCA 62 ........................................................................... 5J.10, 36.20
Chang and Migration Agents Registration Authority [2014] AATA 235 ..................................... MAR.120
Cheaib v Minister of State for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1997) 75 FCR 308;
145 ALR 379 ................................................................................................................................. 128.20
Cheema v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCA 121 .............................................. 41.60
Chen Shi Hai v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 201 CLR 293;
58 ALD 321; 170 ALR 553; 74 ALJR 775; 21(7) Leg Rep 11; [2000] HCA 19 ............. 5J.20, 5J.30,
36.20, 36.30, 65.40
Cheng v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 198 FCR 559; [2011] FCA 1290 .... 379A.220,
379C.80, 441A.220, 441C.80, 473HB.120, 494B.240, 494C.80
Chhuon v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 74
ALD 381; 198 ALR 500; [2003] FCA 565 .................................................................................. 131.80
Chiorny v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1997) 73 FCR 237; 44
ALD 605; 154 ALR 191 ..................................................................................... 120.20, 373.40, 435.40
Choi v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FMCA 1717 .......... 107.100, 109.120, 119.160,
127.60, 494A.20, 501G.140
Chu Keng Lim v Minister for Immigration Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (1992)
176 CLR 1; 110 ALR 97; 67 ALJR 125 ...................................................... 46A.30, 189.40, 195A.100
Citizenship v SZKPQ (2008) 166 FCR 84; 101 ALD 5; [2008] FCAFC 21 ............................. 473HB.40
Collector of Customs (NSW) v Brian Lawlor Automotive Pty Ltd (1979) 24 ALR 307;
[1979] FCA 21 ....................................................................................... 46.30, 47.20, 338.200, 411.140
Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1; 46 ALR 625; 57 ALJR 450; [1983] HCA
21 ........................................................................................................................................... 5J.20, 36.20
Commonwealth of Australia (Department of Defence), Re; Ex parte Marks (2000) 177
ALR 491; 75 ALJR 470; [2000] HCA 67 ................................................................................. 486A.40
Commonwealthv Fernando (2012) 200 FCR 1; 126 ALD 10; 287 ALR 267; [2012]
FCAFC 18 ...................................................................................................................................... 194.20
Corporation of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199
CLR 135; 169 ALR 400; [2000] HCA 5 ................................................................... 359C.20, 424C.20
Cunliffe v Commonwealth (Migration Agents Case) (1994) 182 CLR 272; 124 ALR 120;
[1994] HCA 44 .............................................................................................................................. Pt 3.20
D
Dai v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 165 FCR 458; 243 ALR 642;
[2007] FCAFC 199 ........................................................................................................................ 41.220
Daniel v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 205
ALR 198; [2004] FCA 21 ............................................................................................. 477.80, 477A.80
Davis v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCA
686 ............................................................................................................................................... 375A.60
Dey v Victorian Railways Commissioners [1949] HCA 1; (1949) 78 CLR 62 .......................... MAR.220
Dhanoa v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2010] HCATrans 200 ..... 349.60, 349.100, 415.60,
415.100, 473CC.30
Dissanayake v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2002] FCA 976 ........ 359.20, 424.20
Djalic v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 139
FCR 292; 206 ALR 488; [2004] FCAFC 151 .............................................................................. 501.20
Table of Cases
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS xxiii

28. Dogolau v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FMCA 529 ......................................... 41.60
Dostanov v Minister for Immigration [2007] FMCA 792 ................................................... 361.60, 426.60
Dostanov v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FMCA 792 ......................... 361.40, 426.40
Doukmak v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 114 FCR 432;
[2001] FCA 1821 ........................................................................................................................... 128.20
Dowlat v Minister for Immigration [2009] FMCA 171 ....................................................... 359.40, 424.40
Drake v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1979) 2 ALD 60; 24 ALR 577; 46
FLR 409 ........................................................................................................................ 499.20; MDLI.10
Drake v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (No 2) (1979) 2 ALD 634 .................... MDLI.220
Dranichnikov v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2003) 197 ALR 389;
77 ALJR 1088; [2003] HCA 26 ................................................................................... 348.120, 414.120
Dunn v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FMCA 1349 ........................ 366D.40, 427.140
E
Ejani v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2009] AATA 240 .......................................... MAR.160
El Ess v Minister for Immigration (2004) 142 FCR 43; [2004] FCA 1038 .............................. MDLI.220
Enjam v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship [2013] FCCA
1046 ............................................................................................................................. 360A.60, 425A.60
Esber v Commonwealth (1992) 174 CLR 430; 106 ALR 577; [1992] HCA 20 ............... 348.60, 414.60,
MR0.120
Eshchenko v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (No 2)
(2005) 147 FCR 545; [2005] FCA 1772 ................................................................................... 503A.20
Evans v Minister for Immigration and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 135 FCR 306; 203 ALR
320; [2003] FCAFC 276 ............................................................................................ 503A.20, 503A.60
G
Gabay v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FMCA
485 .................................................................................................................................................... 41.60
Gajjar v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2013) 87 ALJR 549; [2013] HCA 13 .............. 57.20
Gazi v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (now Minister for Immigration and
Border Protection) [2013] FCA 1094 .................................... 362B.80, 362B.100, 426A.80, 426A.100
Gbojueh v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 202 FCR 417; 289 ALR 107;
[2012] FCA 288 ............................................................................................. 501.40, 501A.80, 501B.60
General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) [1964] HCA 69; (1964)
112 CLR 125 ............................................................................................................................ MAR.220
Genovese v BGC Construction Pty Ltd [2006] FMCA 1507 ........................................................... 477.60
Giri v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FMCA 282 .......................................... 359C.100
Giri v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCA 928 .............................................. 359C.100
Godley v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 83
ALD 411; [2004] FCA 774 ....................................................... 500A.60, 500A.200, 501.120, 501.220
Goldie v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs (2001) 111 FCR 378; 33 AAR
446; [2001] FCA 1318 ................................................................................................................. 500.160
Guo v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2013] AATA 225 ............................................ MAR.120
H
Haneef v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 161 FCR 40; 242 ALR 290;
[2007] FCA 1273 ....................................................................... 500A.80, 500A.220, 501.140, 501.300
Hanna v Migration Agents Registration Authority (1999) 94 FCR 358; 30 AAR 422;
[1999] FCA 1657 ........................................................................................................................ MAR.20
Haque v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 115 CLR 371; 185 FCR 86;
[2010] FCA 461 ....................................................................... 379A.20, 441A.20, 473HB.20, 494B.20
Table of Cases
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29. Hartnett v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2004) 140 FCR 388; [2004] FCAFC
269 .......................................................................... 276.20, MAR.80, MAR.100, MAR.200, MAR.240
Hasan v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 184 FCR 523; 114 ALD 602;
[2010] FCA 375 .................................................... 66.80, 66.100, 347.120, 347.140, 412.140, 412.160
Hasran v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 183 FCR 413; [2010] FCAFC
40 ..... 358.20, 358.60, 359.120, 359A.280, 359B.180, 359C.20, 359C.60, 359C.80, 360.80, 360.180,
363A.40, 423.20, 423.60, 424.120, 424A.280, 424B.180, 424C.20, 424C.60, 424C.80
Herald and Weekly Times v Magistrates’ Court [1999] 3 VR 231; [1999] VSC 136 ..................... 365.60
Herijanto v Refugee Review Tribunal (2000) 174 ALR 681; 74 ALJR 1398; [2000] HCA
16 ....................................................................................................................................... 373.40, 435.40
Heydarkhani v The Queen [2014] WASCA 52 ............................................................................... 233B.60
Hicks v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 146
FCR 427; [2005] FCAFC 84 ......................................................................................................... 32.100
Ho v Professional Services Review Committee No 295 [2007] FCA 388 ................. 137L.60, 473DD.30
Hong v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC
1308 ................................................................................................................................... 363.20, 427.20
Horne v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 101 ALD 143; 246 ALR 380;
[2008] FCA 581 .......................................................................................................................... 494A.20
Horvath v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] 1 AC 489 ............................. 5J.20, 36.20
Hossain v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 842 ...... 362B.160, 426A.160
Howells v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 139
FCR 580; 213 ALR 379; [2004] FCAFC 327 ............................................... 499.20, 499.80, MDLI.10
Htun v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 194 ALR 44; [2001]
FCA 1802 ...................................................................................................................... 348.120, 414.120
Hu v Li-Chien Liu [2011] FMCA 21 ................................................................................... 313.40, 314.20
Huai Xin Li v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 102 ALD 354; [2008]
FCA 902 ........................................................................................................................ 348.120, 414.120
Hughes & Vale Pty Ltd v New South Wales (No 2) (1955) 93 CLR 127; [1955] ALR 525;
[1955] HCA 28 .............................................................................. 290.40, 303.40, MAR.40, MAR.160
Hughes v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1998) 53 ALD 607; [1998]
FCA 1155 ....................................................................................................................................... 31.120
Humayun v Minister for Immigration (2006) 149 FCR 558; 90 ALD 482; [2006] FCAFC
35 ................................................................................................................................... 116.160, 137J.80
Hunter Valley Developments Pty Ltd v Cohen (1984) 3 FCR 344; 58 ALR 305; [1984]
FCA 176 .................................................................................... 476A.120, 477.40, 477A.40, 477A.100
I
Illukkumbura v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005]
FCA 1715 ......................................................................................................................................... 33.80
Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs, Minister for v Gray (1994) 33 ALD
13; 50 FCR 189; 19 AAR 266 ................................................................................................ MDLI.220
Immigration, Minister for v Kang [2012] FMCA 732 ...................................................................... 474.60
Immigration, Minister for v Lee [2014] FCCA 2881 ...................................................................... 338.260
Immigration, Minister for v Zhou (2006) 152 FCR 115; [2006] FCAFC 96 .................. 116.160, 137J.80
Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship, Minister for v SZRHU [2013] FCAFC
91; (2013) 215 FCR 35 ................................................................................................................... 36.20
Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship, Minister for v SZRNY (2013) 214
FCR 374; [2013] FCAFC 104 ...... 368.20, 368A.40, 368D.20, 430.20, 430A.40, 430D.20, 473EB.20
Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v WACO [2004]
HCATrans 430 .......................................................................................... 357A.20, 422B.20, 473DA.20
Immigration and Border Protection, Minister for v Dhillon [2014] FCAFC 157 ......... 360.300, 360.320,
425.280, 429A.40
Immigration and Border Protection, Minister for v Kim (2014) 220 FCR 494; [2014] FCA
390 ................. 379A.20, 379A.200, 441A.20, 441A.200, 473HB.20, 473HB.110, 494B.20, 494B.220
Table of Cases
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30. Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Abdul Manaf (2009) 111 ALD 437; [2009]
FCA 963 .......................................................................................................... 66.140, 347.160, 412.180
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Applicant A125 of 2003 (2007) 163 FCR
285; 243 ALR 691; [2007] FCAFC 162 ......................................................................... 360.60, 425.60
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Brar (2009) 175 FCR 432; 108 ALD 309;
[2009] FCAFC 53 .......................................................................................................................... 41.220
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Brar (2012) 201 FCR 240; 126 ALD 99;
[2012] FCAFC 30 .................................. 107.80, 107.160, 108.40, 108.80, 109.100, 109.180, 119.100
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Chamnam You [2008] FCA 241 .................. 358.20, 423.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Dhanoa (2009) 180 FCR 510; [2009] FCAFC
153 ................................................................................... 349.60, 349.100, 415.60, 415.100, 473CC.30
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Hart (2009) 179 FCR 212; 111 ALD 502;
[2009] FCAFC 112 ........................................................................................................................ 134.60
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Islam (2012) 202 FCR 46 ........................ 338.160, 338.260
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Khadgi (2010) 190 FCR 248; 274 ALR 438;
[2010] FCAFC 145 ............................................................................................... 56.60, 359.80, 424.80
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Khandakar [2011] FCAFC 22 ................................... 73.100
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Li (2013) 249 CLR 332; 297 ALR 225; 87
ALJR 618; [2013] HCA 18 ............. 348.100, 353.20, 353.40, 353.60, 357A.20, 357A.80, 357A.140,
357A.180, 359AA.220, 362B.80, 362B.100, 363.20, 363.40, 363.80, 414.100, 420.20, 420.40, 420.60,
422B.20, 422B.80, 422B.140, 422B.180, 424AA.220, 426A.80, 426A.100, 427.20, 427.40, 427.120,
473DA.20, 473FA.20, 473FA.30
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v MZYHS (2011) 119 ALD 534; [2011] FCA
53 ................................................................................................................................... 359.160, 424.160
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v MZYYL (2012) 207 FCR 211; (2012) 133
ALD 465; [2012] FCAFC 147 ........................................................................................................ 36.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v MZYZA [2013] FCA 572 ..... 362C.80, 362C.160, 368.100,
368.180, 423B.160, 426B.80, 430.100, 430.180
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Manaf (2009) 111 ALD 437; [2009] FCA 963 ..... 379C.20,
379D.20, 441C.20, 441D.20, 473HD.10, 494C.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZGUR (2011) 241 CLR 594; 273 ALR 223;
[2011] HCA 1 ....... 57.40, 120.40, 348.80, 359.100, 359.160, 359A.40, 359AA.40, 362C.80, 363.60,
368.100, 414.80, 424.100, 424A.40, 424.160, 424AA.40, 426B.80, 427.60, 430.100, 473EA.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZIAI (2009) 259 ALR 429; 83 ALJR 1123;
[2009] HCA 39 ..................................................................... 348.80, 359.100, 414.80, 424.100, 427.60
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZIQB [2008] FCAFC 20 ........................ 360.280, 425.260
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZIZO (2009) 238 CLR 627; 259 ALR 405;
[2009] HCA 37 .............................................. 107.80, 108.80, 109.100, 119.100, 360A.120, 425A.120
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZKPQ (2008) 166 FCR 84; 101 ALD 5;
[2008] FCAFC 21 .......... 379A.60, 379A.120, 379G.140, 441A.60, 441A.120, 441G.140, 473HB.70,
473HG.70, 494B.80, 494B.140, 494D.140
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZKTI (2009) 238 CLR 489; 258 ALR 434;
[2009] HCA 30 ............................... 56.40, 56.100, 359.20, 359.60, 359.140, 424.20, 424.60, 424.140
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZLFX (2009) 238 CLR 507; 258 ALR 448;
[2009] HCA 31 .................. 57.80, 120.80, 359A.100, 359AA.100, 424A.100, 424AA.100, 473DE.60
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZLSP (2010) 187 FCR 362; 11 ALD 259;
272 ALR 115; [2010] FCAFC 108 ......... 5J.20, 36.20, 362C8.40, 362C.20, 368.20, 368.40, 426B.20,
426B.40, 430.20, 430.40
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZMDS (2010) 240 CLR 611; 266 ALR 367;
[2010] HCA 16 ................................................................................. 362C.20, 368.20, 426B.20, 430.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZMOK (2009) 110 ALD 15; 257 ALR 427;
[2009] FCAFC 83 .................................................................................................... 422B.20, 473DA.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZMTR (2009) 180 FCR 586; [2009] FCAFC
186 ............................................................................................ 379A.60, 441A.60, 473HB.40, 494B.80
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZNCR [2011] FCA 369 .......................... 360.220, 425.200
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31. Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZNVW (2010) 183 FCR 575; 114 ALD 666;
[2010] FCAFC 41 ......................................................................................................... 360.100, 425.100
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZQOY (2012) 206 FCR 25; 294 ALR 84;
[2012] FCAFC 131 .......................................................................... 368.20, 368D.20, 430.20, 430D.20
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v SZQRB (2013) 210 FCR 505; 132 ALD 269;
296 ALR 525; [2013] FCAFC 33 .................... 5J.30, 36.20, 36.30, 46A.30, 195A.80, 198.20, 198.60
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Saba Bros Tiling Pty Ltd (2011) 194 FCR 11;
278 ALR 474; [2011] FCA 233 .................................................. 359C.20, 359C.40, 424C.20, 424C.40
Immigration and Citizenship, Minister for v Zhang (2009) 179 FCR 135; 111 ALD 531;
[2009] FCAFC 129 ............................................................................................... 38.80, 162.40, 162.60
Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Minister for v Guo Wei Rong (1997) 191 CLR 559; 48
ALD 481; 144 ALR 567; 71 ALJR 743; [1997] 9 Leg Rep 2; [1997] HCA 22 ............. 5H.20, 5J.20,
5J.30, 36.10, 36.20, 36.30
Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Minister for v Wu Shan Liang (1996) 185 CLR 259; 136
ALR 481; [1996] HCA 6 ..................................................................... 56.120, 65.40, 359.180, 424.180
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v A [1999] FCA 1679; (1999) 168
ALR 594 ........................................................................................................................................... 69.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Anthonypillai (2001) 106 FCR 426;
192 ALR 256; [2001] FCA 274 ................................................................................... 359.100, 424.100
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Bhardwaj (2002) 209 CLR 597; 76
ALJR 598; 187 ALR 117; [2002] HCA 11 ............... 368.200, 368A.40, 368D.60, 430.200, 430A.40,
430D.60, 473EB.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Chan (2001) 34 AAR 94; [2001]
FCA 1552 ................................................................................... 500A.80, 500A.220, 501.140, 501.300
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Eshetu (1999) 197 CLR 611; 162
ALR 577; [1999] HCA 21 ............................................................................................... 353.20, 420.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v George (2004) 139 FCR 127; 85
ALD 513; [2004] FCAFC 276 ...................... 107.100, 109.120, 119.160, 127.60, 494A.20, 501G.140
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Ibrahim (2000) 204 CLR 1; 62 ALD
1; 175 ALR 585; 74 ALJR 1556; 21(17) Leg Rep 2; [2000] HCA 55 ...... 5H.20, 5J.20, 36.10, 36.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Jia (2001) 205 CLR 507; 178 ALR
421; [2001] HCA 17 ...................................................................................................................... 502.60
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Khawar (2002) 210 CLR 1; 674
ALD 577; 187 ALR 574; 76 ALJR 667; 23(6) Leg Rep 11; [2002] HCA 14 .................. 5J.20, 36.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Lay Lat (2006) 151 FCR 214; 231
ALR 412; [2006] FCAFC 61 ............ 51A.100, 97A.100, 118A.100, 127A.100, 357A.120, 422B.120
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Li (2000) 103 FCR 486; 178 ALR
523; 62 ALD 627; [2000] FCA 1456 .................................................................................. 46.30, 47.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Li Yue (2000) 249 CLR 332; 176
ALR 66; [2000] FCA 856 ........................................................ 362C.120, 368.140, 426B.120, 430.140
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Maltsin (2005) 88 ALD 304; [2005]
FCAFC 118 ................................................................. 361.60, 361.80, 362.40, 362.60, 426.60, 426.80
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Mohammad (2000) 101 FCR 434;
62 ALD 397; [2000] FCA 1275 ....................................................................................... 360.20, 425.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v S152/2003 (2004) 222 CLR 1; 77
ALD 296; 205 ALR 487; 78 ALJR 678; [2004] HCA 18 ....................................... 5J.10, 5J.20, 36.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v SZGMF [2006] FCAFC 138 ............. 359AA.120,
424AA.120
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Sharma (1999) 90 FCR 513; [1999]
FCA 31 .................................................................... 349.20, 349.80, 349.120, 415.20, 415.80, 415.120
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Singh (2002) 209 CLR 533; 67 ALD
257; 186 ALR 393; 76 ALJR 514; 23(4) Leg Rep 18; [2002] HCA 7 .............................. 5J.20, 36.20
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v W157/00A (2002) 125 FCR 433;
203 ALR 5; [2000] FCAFC 281 ................................................................................................ 501G.40
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32. Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for v Yusuf (2001) 206 CLR 323; 180
ALR 1; [2001] HCA 30 .... 348.120, 362C.20, 362C.60, 362C.80, 368.20, 368.80, 368.100, 414.120,
426B.20, 426B.60, 426B.80, 430.20, 430.80, 430.100
Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister for; Ex parte Lam (2003) 214 CLR 1; 195
ALR 502; [2003] HCA 6 ............................... 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40, 127A.40, 357A.40, 422B.40
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Ahmed (2005) 143
FCR 314; [2005] FCAFC 58 .............................. 116.100, 116.120, 119.120, 119.140, 348.20, 414.20
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Ahmed [2005]
FCAFC 58 ...................................................................................................................................... 120.20
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Alam (2005) 145
FCR 345; 219 ALR 629; [2005] FCAFC 132 .............................................................................. 41.220
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v George (2004) 139
FCR 127; 85 ALD 513; [2004] FCAFC 276 ......................................... 501.280, 501A.220, 501B.160
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Godley (2005) 141
FCR 552; [2005] FCAFC 10 ..................... 500A.20, 500A.60, 500A.200, 501.100, 501.120, 501.220
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Huynh (2004) 139
FCR 505; [2004] FCAFC 256 ..................................................................................................... 501.290
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Katisat [2005] FCA
1908 ........................................................................................... 359.80, 361.60, 362.40, 424.80, 426.60
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v NAMW (2004) 140
FCR 572; 84 ALD 325; [2004] FCAFC 264 ................................................................................. 57.20
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Nystrom (2006) 228
CLR 566; 230 ALR 370; [2006] HCA 50 ................................................ 31.20, 31.140, 31.180, 34.20
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v SCAR (2003) 128
FCR 553; 198 ALR 293; [2003] FCAFC 126 ................. 360.20, 360.100, 360.220, 425.20, 425.100,
425.200
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v SGLB (2004) 207
ALR 12; 78 ALJR 992; [2004] HCA 32 ........................................................................................ 65.40
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v SZAYW (2005) 145
FCR 523; [2005] FCAFC 154 ............................................................................ 429.20, 429.40, 429.60
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v SZFHC (2006) 150
FCR 439; 231 ALR 630; [2006] FCAFC 73 ............ 360.40, 360A.60, 362B.20, 362B.40, 362B.100,
362B.140, 425.40, 425A.60, 426A.20, 426A.40, 426A.100, 426A.140
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v SZFML (2006) 154
FCR 572; 236 ALR 294; [2006] FCAFC 152 ................ 360.80, 360.160, 360A.80, 425.80, 425.160,
425A.80
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister for v Sun (2005) 146 FCR
498; [2005] FCAFC 201 ................ 359.20, 359.120, 359A.280, 359C.80, 360.180, 363A.40, 424.20,
424.120, 424A.280, 424C.80
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Re, Minister for; Ex parte
Applicants S134/2002 (2003) 211 CLR 441; 195 ALR 1; [2003] HCA 1 ..... 48B.30, 91F.40, 91L.40,
91Q.40, 195A.130, 351.120, 417.120, 501J.120
In Kocakaya v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FCA 55 ................................. 362C.100
In Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Dhanoa (2009) 180 FCR 510; [2009]
FCAFC 153 ................................................................................................................... 349.100, 415.100
J
Jagroop v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2013) 61 AAR 542; [2013]
FCA 1287 .............................................................................. 499.100, MDLI.10, MDLI.20, MDLI.180
Jagroop v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 225 FCR 482; [2014]
FCAFC 123 ............................................................ 499.100, 500.160, MDLI.10, MDLI.20, MDLI.180
Jalagam v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2009] FCA 197 ........ 379G.40, 441G.40, 494D.40
Javillonar v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 114 FCR 311;
[2001] FCA 854 .......................................................................................................................... 501G.40
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33. Jayasinghe v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1997) 76 FCR 301; [1997]
FCA 551 ............................................................................................................................ 349.80, 415.80
Jess v Scott (1986) 12 FCR 187; 70 ALR 185; [1986] FCA 365 ............................. 476A.120, 477A.100
Jia Le Geng v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1998) 84 FCR 87; 52
ALD 20; [1998] FCA 768 ............................................................................................................. 502.60
Joel v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2000) 110 FCR 202; 63 ALD 380; [2000]
FCA 1919 ..................................................................................................................... 308.20, MAR.280
Johnson v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (No 3)
(2004) 136 FCR 494; [2004] FCA 137 .......................................................................................... 34.60
Jones v Dunkel (1959) 101 CLR 298; [1959] HCA 8 ...................................................................... 435.40
K
Kaur v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2013] FCA 1333 ............. 359A.40, 359AA.40,
424A.40, 424AA.40
Kazi v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2006] AATA 42 ............................................. MAR.260
Khan v Migration Agents with Discretionary Authorities [2005] AATA 13 ............................... MAR.260
Khan v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 192 FCR 173; 276 ALR 1;
[2011] FCAFC 21 ....................................................................................................................... 357A.20
Khan v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 1790 ................ 269.80, 269.120
Khandakar v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2010] FMCA 611 .................................... 73.100
Khant v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 112 ALD 241; [2009] FCA 1247 ..... 357A.20
Khergamwala v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FMCA 609 ............ 359C.20, 424C.20
Kim v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 1063 .... 31.100, 65.60, MR0.100
Kim v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCAFC 64 ............ 379C.20, 379D.20,
441C.20, 441D.20, 473HD.10, 494C.20
Kim v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 38 AAR
304; [2004] FCA 31 ....................................................................................................................... 134.20
Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550; 62 ALR 321; [1985] HCA 81 .................. 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40,
127A.40, 357A.40, 422B.40, 500.160
Kishore v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 117 FCR 147; [2002]
FCA 240 ........................................................................................................................................... 41.60
Kocakaya v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FCA 55 ....... 368.120, 426B.100, 430.120
Kokcinar v Minister for Immigration [2007] FMCA 1035 ............................................................ 375A.20
Kondis v State Transport Authority (1984) 154 CLR 672; 55 ALR 225; [1984] HCA 61 ............. 273.40
Kopalapillai v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1998) 86 FCR 547 .............. 423A.20
Korovata v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 1446 ........ 360A.40, 366.20,
425A.40, 429A.20
Kosi v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA 1467 .............. 41.40
Krummrey v Minister or Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 147
FCR 557; 227 ALR 562; [2005] FCAFC 258 ................................................................................ 41.80
Kumar v Minister for Immigration (2008) 221 FLR 361; [2008] FMCA 1458 ............... 137J.80, 476.40
Kumar v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2013] FCCA 1860 .............................. 365.20
L
Lam v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 104 FCR 454; 63 ALD
632; [2000] FCA 1226 ................................................................................................................ 501A.40
Lam v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 117 FCR 325; 66 ALD
569; [2002] FCA 175; [2002] FCAFC 36 ................................................................................. 501A.40
Le v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 157 FCR 321; [2007] FCAFC 20 ......... 379G.20,
441G.20, 473HG.10, 494A.20, 494D.20
Lee v Department of Education and Science (1967) 66 LGR 211 ............................ 360A.100, 425A.100
Lee v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 159 FCR 181; 241 ALR 363;
[2007] FCAFC 62 ............................................................. 379G.200, 441G.200, 473HG.90, 494D.200
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34. Lee v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCAFC
305 ..................................................................................................................................... 348.40, 414.40
Lilienthal v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2002) 117 FCR 558; 34 AAR 371;
[2002] FCA 93 .................................................................................... 290.20, 290.60, 303.60, MAR.40
Liu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2001) 113 FCR
541; 187 ALR 348; [2001] FCA 1362 ..... 355.100, 355.200, 355A.80, 355A.160, 355A.180, 422.80,
422.180, 422A.80, 422A.160, 422A.180
Lo v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 159 FCR 160; 95 ALD 332; [2007]
FCA 553 ............................................................................................................................ 134.80, 135.40
Long v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 106 FCR 183; [2000]
FCA 1172 ..................................................................................................................... 366C.20, 427.100
Long v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 76 ALD
610; [2003] FCAFC 218 ............................................................................................................. 501G.40
Lu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2004) 135 FCR 450; [2004]
FCA 181 ......................................................................... 107.100, 109.120, 119.160, 127.60, 501G.140
Lu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 141 FCR
346; [2004] FCAFC 340 ............................................................................... 501.40, 501A.80, 501B.60
M
M v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2006) 155 FCR 333; 91 ALD
629; [2006] FCA 1247 ............ 359.120, 359A.280, 359B.20, 359B.180, 359C.80, 360.180, 363A.40,
424.120, 424A.280, 424B.20, 424B.180, 424C.80
M175 of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1212 ............................. 427.180
M211 of 2003 v Refugee Review Tribunal (2004) 82 ALD 24; 212 ALR 520; [2004]
FCAFC 293 .................................................................................................................... 477.80, 477A.80
M38/2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003)
131 FCR 146; 199 ALR 290; [2003] FCAFC 131 ............. 198.20, 198.60, 348.60, 414.60, MR0.120
M55 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCA 131 .... 359A.130,
424A.130
MZXBQ v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 166 FCR 483; [2008] FCA
319 ..................................... 57.80, 120.80, 359AA.100, 359A.100, 424AA.100, 424A.100, 473DE.60
MZXKH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 663 ................... 359AA.60, 359A.60,
424AA.60, 424A.60, 473DE.40
MZXLW v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 912 ................... 362B.120, 426A.120
MZXOT v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 233 CLR 601; 247 ALR 58;
[2008] HCA 28 ................................................................................ 347.300, 412.300, 476.60, 476B.20
MZXPI v Minister for Immigration [2010] FMCA 1296 ............................................................... 486D.20
MZYFH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 188 FCR 151; 115 ALD 409;
[2010] FCA 559 ................ 359A.100, 359AA.100, 359AA.260, 424A.100, 424AA.100, 424AA.260,
473DE.60
MZYHF v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 118 ALD 534; [2010] FCA
1250 .................................................................... 359A.60, 359AA.60, 424A.60, 424AA.60, 473DE.40
MZYKV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FCA 947 .......................... 366.20, 429A.20
MZYKV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FMCA 326 ...................... 366.20, 429A.20
MZYWK v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FMCA 802 ................................... 477A.40
MZYYO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2013) 214 FCR 68; [2013] FCA 49 ....... 477A.40
MZYYO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FCA 49 ............................................ 198.60
MZYZA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FMCA 15 .................... 362C.160, 368.180,
423B.160, 430.180
MZZCU v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship [2013] FCCA
1060 ................................................................................................ 347.180, 347.220, 412.200, 412.240
MZZCU v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2013] FCA 1178 ............. 347.180, 412.200
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35. MZZDJ v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2013) 216 FCR 153; 137 ALD
466; [2013] FCAFC 156 .... 379G.40, 379G.60, 379G.120, 379G.160, 441G.40, 441G.60, 441G.120,
441G.160, 473HG.20, 473HG.30, 473HG.60, 473HG.80, 494D.40, 494D.60, 494D.120, 494D.160
MZZFI v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2013] FCA 1337 ........ 362B.100, 362B.140,
426A.100, 426A.140
MZZRO v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] FCCA 882 ............. 477.80, 477A.80
Maan v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 179 FCR 581; 112 ALD 25;
[2009] FCAFC 150 ................................................................................... 116.140, 137L.60, 473DD.30
Madafferi v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 788 ........................ 501E.40
Maddaferi v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 118 FCR 326; 70
ALD 644; [2002] FCAFC 220 ................................................................................................... 501A.40
Mafi v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 566 .................................... 41.60
Magaming v The Queen (2013) 302 ALR 462; 87 ALJR 1060; [2013] HCA 40 ..................... 233A.100,
233C.100, 236B.60
Margaret Jane Hughes v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [1998] FCA
1155 ............................................................................................................................................ MR0.100
Maroun v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 112 ALD 424; [2009] FCA
1284 .............. 379A.80, 379A.100, 441A.80, 441A.100, 473HB.50, 473HB.60, 494B.100, 494B.120,
494B.260
Marques v Minister for Immigration [2003] FMCA 488 ........................................... 359B.100, 424B.100
Massy v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 216 FLR 59; [2008] FMCA 63 ............ 41.60
Matete v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FCA 1876 .......................... 352.120, 418.100
Maurice Blackburn Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [2014] FCA 767 ................................................... 476A.20
Mazhar v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 64 ALD 395; 183
ALR 188; [2000] FCA 1759 ........................................................................................ 360.100, 425.100
Metera v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (2008) 105 ALD 18; [2008] FCA 1627 .................... 477A.40
Migration Agents Registration Authority v Barrie Goldsmith (2001) 113 FCR 18; 184
ALR 723; [2001] FCA 778 ........................................................................................ 290A.60, 290A.80
Milne v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 52 AAR 1; [2010] FCA 495 .............. 500.160
Milne v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCAFC 41 .......................................... 500.160
Milon v Minister for Immigration [2009] FMCA 85 ..................................................................... 494B.40
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Cassim (2000) 175 ALR
209; 74 ALJR 1404; [2000] HCA 50 .......................................................................... 359.100, 424.100
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Cohen (2001) 177 ALR
473; 75 ALJR 542; [2001] HCA 10 ............................................................... 348.60, 414.60, MR0.120
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Durairajasingham (2000)
58 ALD 609; 168 ALR 407; 74 ALJR 405; [2000] HCA 1 ................ 362C.20, 362C.120, 362C.140,
368.20, 368.140, 368.160, 423A.20, 426B.20, 426B.120, 426B.140, 430.20, 430.140, 430.160
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Miah (2001) 206 CLR
57; 179 ALR 238; [2001] HCA 22 ............ 51A.20, 97A.20, 118A.20, 127A.20, 357A.20, 357A.100,
422B.20, 422B.100, 473DA.20
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte S154/2002 (2003) 201
ALR 437; 77 ALJR 1909; [2003] HCA 60 ..................................................................... 363.20, 427.20
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Sithamparapillai [2004]
HCATrans 364 ............................................................................................... 477.80, 477A.80, 486A.40
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Re; Ex parte Palme
(2003) 216 CLR 212; 201 ALR 327; [2003] HCA 56 ........... 66.60, 500A.140, 500A.160, 501C.120,
501G.80, 501G.100
Mitrevski v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 221 .......................... 269.60
Moana v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 54 .............................. 501.290
Mohamad v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 939 ........................... 41.60
Mohammad v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2004] AATA 1401 ........... MAR.180, MAR.260
Moldrich v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003]
FCA 1010 ....................................................................................................................................... 41.160
Morton v Union Steamship Co of New Zealand Ltd (1951) 83 CLR 402; [1951] HCA 42 .......... 504.20
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36. Muin v Refugee Review Tribunal (2002) 190 ALR 601; 76 ALJR 966; [2002] HCA 30 ............. 352.60,
373.40, 418.60, 435.40
Mujedenovski v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 112 ALD; [2009]
FCAFC 149 ................................................................................ 500A.60, 500A.200, 501.120, 501.220
Multicultural Affairs v Eshetu (1999) 197 CLR 611; 73 ALJR 746; 162 ALR 577; [1999]
HCA 21 ..................................................................................................................................... 473FA.20
Muradzi v Minister for Immigration [2011] FMCA 342 ..................................................... 46.30, MR0.60
Murphy v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 135
FCR 550; [2004] FCA 657 ....... 379C.40, 379C.60, 379D.40, 379D.60, 441C.40, 441C.60, 441D.40,
441D.60, 473HD.20, 473HD.30, 494C.40, 494C.60
N
NAAO v Secretary, Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 117 FCR
401; 34 AAR 508; [2002] FCA 292; [2002] FCAFC 64 ....................... 503A.40, 503A.80, 503A.100
NAAV v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2002) 123
FCR 298; 193 ALR 449; [2002] FCAFC 228 .............................................................. 129.100, 131.60
NABE v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (No 2) (2004)
144 FCR 1; 219 ALR 27; [2004] FCAFC 263 ......................................... 5AAA.20, 348.120, 414.120
NADK of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
[2002] FCAFC 184 ............................................................. 362B.100, 362B.140, 426A.100, 426A.140
NAFJ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003] FCA 91 ..... 423A.20
NAGV and NAGW of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous
Affairs (2005) 222 CLR 161; 213 ALR 668; 79 ALJR 609; [2005] HCA 6 .... [5H.20], 36.10, 36.20,
500.20
NAJT v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 147
FCR 51; [2005] FCAFC 134 ............................... 56.60, 359.80, 359.160, 424.80, 424.160, 473EA.20
NALQ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004]
FCAFC 121 ......... 360.100, 362B.20, 362B.100, 362B.140, 362B.160, 425.100, 426A.20, 426A.100,
426A.140, 426A.160
NAOA v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004]
FCAFC 241 .................................................... 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40, 127A.40, 357A.40, 422B.40
NAQF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 130
FCR 456; [2003] FCA 781 ................. 51A.100, 97A.100, 118A.100, 127A.100, 357A.120, 366A.40,
422B.120
NASF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004]
FCAFC 162 ......................................................................... 362B.100, 362B.140, 426A.100, 426A.140
NATB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 133
FCR 506; 80 ALD 799; [2003] FCAFC 292 ............................................................................... 198.60
NAVK v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 135
FCR 567; [2004] FCAFC 160 ...................................................................... 376.60, 438.60, 473GB.40
NAVM v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCA
99 ................................................................................... 359AA.180, 359A.220, 424AA.180, 424A.220
NAWZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004]
FCAFC 199 ........................................................................................................................... 98.20, 98.30
NAZY v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 87
ALD 357; [2005] FCA 744 .................................................................................... 359A.130, 424A.130
NBBL v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 152
FCR 592; [2006] FCA 1045 ....................................................................................... 362B.20, 426A.20
NBKS v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 156
FCR 205; 237 ALR 592; [2006] FCAFC 174 ................................................. 359AA.120, 424AA.120
NBMZ v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 138 ALD 495; 307 ALR
49; [2014] FCAFC 38 ............................................................................. 501.260, 501A.200, 501B.140
NBNB v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 138 ALD 455; 307 ALR
90; [2014] FCAFC 39 ................................................................................................................. 501.200
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37. Nafi v The Queen (2012) 32 NTLR 124; 225 A Crim R 55; [2012] NTCCA 13 ........................ 236B.40
Nevistic v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1981) 51 FLR 325; 34 ALR 639;
[1981] FCA 41 ......................................................................................................................... MDLI.220
Nezovic v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (No 2)
(2003) 133 FCR 190; 203 ALR 33; [2003] FCA 1263 ............................................................. 501G.20
Nguyen v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 109 FCR 169; [2001]
FCA 360 ........................................................................................................................................... 41.60
Nguyen Thanh Trong v Minister of Immigration Local Government and Ethnic Affairs
(1996) 66 FCR 239; 42 ALD 255; [1996] FCA 1674 .................... 339.40, 339.60, 411.100, 411.220,
473BD.20, 473BD.30
Noeung v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 125 FCR 503; [2002]
FCA 1304 .......................................................................................................................... 129.20, 129.40
O
O’Sullivan v Repatriation Commission (2003) 128 FCR 590; [2003] FCA 387 ........................... 500.160
Ofa v Minister for Immigration [2005] FMCA 1684 .......................................................................... 41.60
Ogawa v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 199 FCR 51; [2011] FCA 1358 ..... 360A.80,
360A.100, 425A.80, 425A.100
Onea v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1997) 80 FCR 254; [1997]
FCA 1472 ......................................................................................................................................... 46.30
Osborne v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2002) 124
FCR 416; [2002] FCA 1113 ......... 107.100, 109.120, 119.160, 127.60, 501.280, 501A.20, 501A.220,
501B.160, 501G.140
P
Pannu v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 152 ............................................ 366C.60
Pannu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FMCA 883 ......................... 366C.20
Parker v The Queen [2002] FCAFC 133 .................................................................... 476A.120, 477A.100
Patel v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 108 ALD 151; [2009] FCA 392 ......... 347.280,
348.140
Patel v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCA 1220 ................................................. 55.40
Patel v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FCA 145 ............................... 347.100, 412.120
Patterson, Re; Ex parte Taylor (2001) 207 CLR 391; 64 ALD 545; 182 ALR 657; 75
ALJR 1439; [2001] HCA 51 ........... 34.40, 500A.100, 500A.120, 500A.180, 501.40, 501.60, 501.80,
501.180, 501A.80, 501A.100, 501A.120, 501A.160, 501B.60, 501B.80, 501B.100, 501C.20, 501C.100,
501C.140
Peck v Secretary, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous
Affairs [2009] FCA 810 ......................................................................................... 476A.120, 477A.100
Pelling v Bow County Court [2001] EWCA Civ 122 ....................................................................... 365.60
Perera v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1999) 92 FCR 6; 56 ALD
231; [1999] FCA 507 ..................................... 360.200, 366C.20, 366C.80, 425.180, 427.100, 427.180
Pilbara Aboriginal Land Council Aboriginal Corporation Inc v Minister for Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander Affairs (2000) 103 FCR 539; 175 ALR 706; [2000] FCA 1113 ............ 51A.40,
97A.40, 118A.40, 127A.40, 357A.40, 422B.40
Pilkington v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2008) 104 ALD 143; 48 AAR 200;
[2008] AATA 886 ................................................................................... MAR.40, MAR.120, MAR.140
Plaintiff 150/2013 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 309 ALR 255;
88 ALJR 735; [2014] HCA 25 ................................................................................. 85.20, 85.40, 86.20
Plaintiff B15a v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] HCA 24 ....................... 5AA.20
Plaintiff M47/2012 v Director General of Security (2012) 251 CLR 1; 292 ALR 243; 86
ALJR 1372; [2012] HCA 46 ...... 5H.20, 13.20, 29.140, 31.100, 36.10, 65.20, 65.60, 198.60; 500.20,
500.140, 504.20, 504.40, MR0.100
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38. Plaintiff M61/2010 v Commonwealth (2010) 243 CLR 319; 272 ALR 14; 85 ALJR 133;
[2010] HCA 41 ................... 46A.10, 46A.20, 46A.30, 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40, 127A.40, 195A.20,
195A.60, 195A.80, 198.20, 357A.40, 422B.40
Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 244 CLR 144; 280
ALR 18; [2011] HCA 32 ................................................................................................. 198.20, 198.60
Plaintiff M76/2013 v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship
(2013) 304 ALR 135; 88 ALJR 324; [2013] HCA 53 .................. 46A.20, 189.20, 195A.40, 195A.60
Plaintiff M79/2012 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2013) 252 CLR 336; 298
ALR 1; 87 ALJR 682;133 ALD 221; [2013] HCA 24 ........................ 29.40, 37A.10, 37A.20, 37A.30
Plaintiff M90/2009 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2009] HCATrans 279 ................ 477.80,
477A.80, 486A.40
Plaintiff S10/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 246 CLR 636; 290
ALR 616; [2012] HCA 31 ..... 48B.20, 351.40, 351.80, 351.100, 417.40, 417.80, 417.100, 501A.140,
501J.40, 501J.80, 501J.100
Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth of Australia (2003) 211 CLR 476; 195 ALR 24;
[2003] HCA 2 ...................... 51A.20, 97A.20, 118A.20, 127A.20, 357A.20, 422B.20, 474.20, 474.40
Plaintiff S297/2013 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 309 ALR
209; 88 ALJR 722; [2014] HCA 24 ....................................... 85.20, 86.20, 88.20, 89.20, 90.20, 91.20
Plaintiff S297/2015 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2015) 143 ALD
553; 316 ALR 161; [2015] HCA 3 ................................................................................................. 36.30
Plaintiff S4/2014 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 253 CLR 219;
312 ALR 537; 88 ALJR 847; [2014] HCA 34 .... 46A.10, 46A.20, 46A.30, 189.20, 189.40, 195A.40,
195A.100
Pomare v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 167 FCR 494; 47 AAR 341;
[2008] FCA 458 ........................................................................................................................ 501G.120
Potter v Minahan (1908) 7 CLR 277; 14 ALR 635; [1908] HCA 63 ................................................ 34.40
Poudyal v Minister for Immigration [2005] FMCA 265 ................................... 349.60, 415.60, 473CC.30
Prodduturi v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 5 ............................ 476.60
Q
Qantas Airways Ltd v Gubbins (1992) 28 NSWLR 26; 28 ALD 538; 45 IR 292 ............ 353.40, 353.60,
420.40, 420.60, 473FA.30
R
R v Kelly (Attorney-General’s Reference No 53 of 1998) [2000] 1 QB 198; [1999] 2 All
ER 13 ........................................................................................................................ 137L.60, 473DD.30
R v Thames Magistrates Court; Ex parte Polemis [1974] 1 WLR 1371 .................. 360A.100, 425A.100
Raj v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 97 FCR 346; [2000] FCA
74 ................................................................................................................................. 368D.80, 430D.80
Ram v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1995) 57 FCR 565; 130 ALR 314 ................. 36.20
Randhawa v MILGEA (1994) 52 FCR 437 .............................................................................. 5J.20, 36.20
Re Peng v Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs and AAT [1998] AATA
12 ....................................................................................................................................... 290.60, 303.60
Refugee Review Tribunal, Re; Ex parte Aala (2000) 204 CLR 82; 176 ALR 219; [2000]
HCA 57 .......................................... 359A.240, 359AA.200, 360.260, 424A.240, 424AA.200, 425.240
Refugee Review Tribunal, Re; Ex parte H (2001) 179 ALR 425; 75 ALJR 982; [2001]
HCA 28 ......................................................................................................................... 360.240, 425.220
Rokobatini v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1999) 90 FCR 583; 30
AAR 74; [1999] FCA 1238 ........................................................................................................... 499.40
Romano v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 124 ALD 198; [2011] FCA
1351 .............................................................................................................................................. 501.320
Rozsy v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2008] AATA 434 .... MAR.160, MAR.180, MAR.260
Russell v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2008] AATA 22 ......................................... MAR.260
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39. S
S v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2003) 217 CLR 387; 77 ALD
541; 206 ALR 242; 78 ALJR 854; [2004] HCA 25 .......................................................... 5L.10, 5L.20
S v Secretary, Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005)
143 FCR 217; 216 ALR 252; [2005] FCA 549 ........................................................................... 273.40
S103 v Minister for Immigration [2005] FMCA 1148 ...................................... 376.60, 438.60, 473GB.40
S395/2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2003) 216 CLR 473; 78
ALD 8; 203 ALR 112; 78 ALJR 180; [2003] HCA 71 ..................................................... 5J.20, 36.20,
S487 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003] FCA
1309 ................................................................................................................................... 352.80, 418.80
S487 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC
125 ..................................................................................................................................... 352.80, 418.80
SAAP v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 228
CLR 294; 215 ALR 162; [2005] HCA 24 ....... 357A.160, 359AA.20, 366C.80, 422B.160, 424AA.20
SHJB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 134
FCR 43; [2003] FCAFC 303 ........................................................................................... 108.60, 109.80
SRH and Comptroller-General of Customs, Re (1995) 37 ALD 581; 21 AAR 401 .................... MAR.40
SZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 173 ALR 353; 101 FCR
342; [2000] FCA 836 ............................................................................................ 29.40, 29.80, MR0.40
SZAFE v Minister for Immigration [2003] FMCA 410 .................................................................... 429.60
SZATV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 233 CLR 18; 97 ALD 1; 237
ALR 634; 81 ALJR 1659; [2007] HCA 40 ......................................................................... 5J.20, 36.20
SZAYW v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2004] FMCA 796 ....................................... 429.60
SZAYW v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 230
CLR 486; 229 ALR 423; [2006] HCA 49 ....................................................................... 365.40, 429.60
SZBEL v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 228
CLR 152; 231 ALR 592; [2006] HCA 63 .............. 358.40, 360.20, 360.60, 360.120, 423.40, 425.20,
425.60, 425.120
SZBHU v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1614 ....................... 362B.40, 426A.40
SZBYR v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 235 ALR 609; 81 ALJR 1190;
[2007] HCA 26 ...................... 57.40, 57.60, 57.160, 120.40, 120.60, 120.140, 359AA.20, 359AA.40,
359AA.80, 359AA.160, 359A.40, 359A.80, 359A.180, 424AA.20, 424AA.40, 424AA.80, 424AA.160,
424A.40, 424A.80, 424A.180, 473DE.30, 473DE.50
SZCTH v Minister for Immigration (No 2) [2004] FMCA 284 ......................................................... 56.20
SZDPB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006]
FCAFC 110 ......................................................................... 362B.100, 362B.140, 426A.100, 426A.140
SZDQL v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 144
FCR 356; [2005] FCA 769 ..................................................................................... 359B.100, 424B.100
SZDQO v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 144
FCR 251; [2005] FCA 1026 ....................................................................................... 360A.80, 425A.80
SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 150
FCR 53; 227 ALR 656; [2006] FCA 31 ............................................................................. 46.30, 47.20
SZEEU v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 150
FCR 214; 230 ALR 1; [2006] FCAFC 2 ............................................................... 359A.130, 424A.130
SZEHN v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCA
1389 ............................................................................................................................... 359.160, 424.160
SZEPR v Minister for Immigration [2005] FMCA 1608 ..................................................... 358.80, 423.80
SZEWL v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA
968 ......................................................................................................................... 359AA.20, 424AA.20
SZEXZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA
449 ........................................................................................................................... 359B.100, 424B.100
SZEXZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006]
HCATrans 640 ......................................................................................................... 359B.100, 424B.100
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40. SZFDE v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 232 CLR 189; 96 ALD 510;
237 ALR 64; 81 ALJR 1404; [2007] HCA 35 .......... 98.40, 362B.20, 362B.60, 362B.180, 379G.180,
426A.20, 426A.60, 426A.180, 441G.180, 494D.180
SZFOH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 159 FCR 199; 241 ALR 653;
[2007] FCAFC 63 .......... 360A.120, 362B.40, 379G.140, 425A.120, 426A.40, 441G.140, 473HG.70,
494D.140
SZGJO v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA
393 .................................................................................................................................................... 98.20
SZGME v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 168 FCR 487; 102 ALD 31;
247 ALR 467; [2008] FCAFC 91 ........................................................... 46.30, 47.20, 48A.10, 48A.20
SZGZW v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 457 ..... 360.280,
425.260
SZHEW v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2009] FCA 783 .......... 360.200, 425.180, 427.180
SZHFW v Minister for Immigration [2006] FMCA 86 .................................................. 359C.20, 424C.20
SZHKA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 172 FCR 1; 249 ALR 58;
[2008] FCAFC 138 ........................................................................................................... 364.20, 428.20
SZHSQ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2006) 155 FCR 159; [2006]
FCA 1295 ................................................................................................................ 362B.100, 426A.100
SZHZD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2008] FMCA 4 ............... 358.40, 360.60,
423.40, 425.60
SZIGQ v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 328 ...................... 362B.100, 426A.100
SZIMG v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 167 FCR 362; 100 ALD 553;
[2008] FCA 368 ................................................................................................................ 360.80, 425.80
SZINT v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2006] FMCA 1259 ........................................ 425.80
SZINT v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FMCA 1259 ...................... 359C.60
SZIWV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1338 ............................................ 98.20
SZJDS v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 201 FCR 1; 126 ALD 78;
[2012] FCAFC 27 ............. 347.200, 347.220, 347.240, 347.260, 412.220, 412.240, 412.260, 412.280
SZJGO v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA
393 .................................................................................................................................................... 98.30
SZJQP v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 98 ALD 575; 45 AAR 510;
[2007] FCA 1613 ................................ 362B.20, 362B.100, 362B.160, 426A.20, 426A.100, 426A.160
SZJUB v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1486 ............... 358.40, 360.60, 423.40,
425.60
SZKGF v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FCAFC 84 ................. 379A.280, 441A.280,
473HB.150, 494B.320
SZKUT v Minister for Immigration [2010] FMCA 241 ................................................................ 486D.20
SZLBR v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 216 FLR 141; [2008] FMCA
154 ................. 379A.60, 379A.280, 441A.60, 441A.280, 473HB.40, 473HB.150, 494B.80, 494B.320
SZLHP v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 172 FCR 170; [2008] FCAFC
152 .................................................................................................................................................... 98.40
SZLPO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 177 FCR 1; 255 ALR 407;
[2009] FCAFC 51 ............................................................................................................. 359.40, 424.40
SZLTR v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FCA 1889 .............................. 359.40, 424.40
SZLWQ v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 172 FCR 452; [2008] FCA
1406 ..................................................................................... 359B.140, 359B.160, 424B.140, 424B.160
SZMCD v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 174 FCR 415; [2009] FCAFC
46 ............ 359A.20, 359A.160, 359A.240, 359AA.20, 359AA.140, 359AA.200, 424A.20, 424A.160,
424A.240, 424AA.20, 424AA.140, 424AA.200
SZMFJ v Minister for Immigration [2009] FMCA 771 .................................................................... 477.60
SZMNO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2009] FCA 797 ........................................ 477A.40
SZMTJ v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2) (2009) 109 ALD 242; [2009]
FCA 486 ............................................................. 359AA.60, 359A.60, 424AA.60, 424A.60, 473DE.40
SZMXP v Minister for Immigration [2009] FMCA 495 ..................................................... 359.40, 424.40
SZNBW v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2009] FMCA 425 ................ 359A.140, 424A.140
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41. SZNKO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 184 FCR 505; (2010) 267
ALR 35; [2010] FCA 297 .......................................................................................................... 359A.60
SZNKO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 184 FCR 505; 267 ALR 35;
[2010] FCA 297 ..... 359A.220, 359AA.60, 359AA.180, 424A.60, 424A.220, 424AA.60, 424AA.180
SZNOA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2010] FCA 60 ................. 359AA.260, 424AA.260
SZNZL v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 186 FCR 271; [2010] FCA
621 ............................................................ 379C.40, 379D.40, 441C.40, 441D.40, 473HD.20, 494C.40
SZNZU v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2010] FMCA 197 ........................ 477.60, 477A.60
SZOAU v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2010] FMCA 606 ............... 56.60, 359.80, 424.80
SZOBI v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] HCATrans 347 .............. 379A.40, 379A.320,
379B.40, 441A.40, 441A.320, 441B.40, 473HB.30, 473HB.170, 494B.60, 494B.360
SZOBI v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2) (2010) 119 ALD 233; [2010]
FCAFC 151 .... 379A.40, 379A.320, 379B.40, 441A.40, 441A.320, 441B.40, 473HB.30, 473HB.170,
494B.60, 494B.360
SZOFE v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 185 FCR 129; 269 ALR 343;
[2010] FCAFC 79 ................................................. 66.80, 66.100, 347.120, 347.140, 412.140, 412.160
SZOIN v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 191 FCR 123; 276 ALR 247;
[2011] FCAFC 38 ........................................................... 352.100, 376.40, 418.100, 438.40, 473GB.30
SZOQA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2001] FCA 907 ........................... 366.20, 429A.20
SZOQA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FMCA 213 ........................ 366.20, 429A.20
SZOQY v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FMCA 120 ................ 379A.300, 441A.300,
473HB.160, 494B.340
SZOVP v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2) [2011] FMCA 442 ........... 360.220, 425.200
SZOXP v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 69 ............................. 5CB.10
SZQBI v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCA 1388 .................... 476A.120, 477A.100
SZQDZ v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 200 FCR 207; 286 ALR 331;
[2012] FCAFC 26 ........................................................................................................ 476A.20, 477.100
SZQFD v Minister for Immigration [2011] FMCA 598 ...................................................... 373.40, 435.40
SZQGA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FCA 593 ...................................... 494AA.20
SZQLD v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FCA 1339 ........................ 476A.20, 477.100
SZQLJ v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] FMCA 932 ...... 424.120, 424A.280, 424C.80
SZQNO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FCA 326 ................................... 5J.20, 36.20
SZQPN v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2012] FCA 424 .......................... 476A.20, 477.100
SZQQU v Minister for Immigration [2014] FCCA 425 ..................................................................... 56.20
SZQVV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 130 ALD 472; [2012] FCA
871 ..................................................................................................................................... 348.20, 414.20
SZRLO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FCA 825 .................. 56.60, 56.120, 359.80,
359.180, 424.80, 424.180
SZRMQ v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2013] FCAFC 142 ......................... 427.160
SZRTC v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] FCAFC 43 ................................. 36.20
SZRVF v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FCCA 764 .................. 379A.260, 441A.260,
473HB.140, 494B.300
SZSDA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 135 ALD 17; [2012] FCA
1319 ................................................................................................................................ 477.80, 477A.80
SZSPI v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 317 ALR 1; [2014]
FCAFC 140 ....................................................................................................................... 198.60, 256.20
SZTEQ v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2015) 229 FCR 497; [2015]
FCAFC 39 ........................................................................................................................................ 5J.20
SZTES v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCA 719 .................................. 477.40
SZTGV v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 3 ............ 359A.20, 359A.40,
359A.130, 359AA.40, 424A.20, 424A.40, 424A.130, 424AA.40
SZTOX v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 77 ................................ 36.20
SZTUF v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] FCCA 545 ............................ 477A.40
Saeed v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 176 FCR 53; [2010] FCAFC 41 ..... 422B.120
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42. Saeed v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 241 CLR 252; 115 ALD 493;
267 ALR 204; 84 ALJR 507; [2010] HCA 23 ......... 51A.60, 51A.80, 51A.100, 56.80, 57.20, 57.120,
57.140, 97A.60, 97A.80, 97A.100, 118A.60, 118A.80, 118A.100, 120.120, 127A.60, 127A.80,
127A.100, 357A.60, 357A.100, 357A.120, 422B.60, 422B.100, 422B.120, 473DA.20
Sainju v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 185 FCR 86; 115 ALD 371;
[2010] FCA 461 ..... 107.140, 109.160, 119.200, 127.100, 379A.140, 379A.240, 379B.60, 441A.140,
441A.240, 441B.60, 473HB.80, 473HB.130, 494B.20, 494B.160, 494B.280, 494C.20, 501G.60,
501G.180
Salazar v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 899 .............................. 41.140
Saleem v Migration Review Tribunal [2004] FCA 234 ........................ 107.40, 107.160, 108.40, 109.180
Sandhu v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship [2013] FCA 842 .... 359A.240,
359AA.200, 424A.240, 424AA.200
Selliah v Minister for Immigration [1999] FCA 615 ........................................................................ 429.20
Sese v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 60 ALD 477; [2000]
FCA 326 ........................................................................................................................................... 41.60
Sevim v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 114 FCR 126; [2001]
FCA 1597 ....................................................................................................................................... 41.120
Seymour v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2007) 156 FCR 544; 44 AAR 532;
[2007] FCAFC 5 ............................................................................................................... 300.20, 300.40
Seymour v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2007) 215 FCR 203; 45 AAR 370;
[2007] FCAFC 76 .......................................................................................................................... 290.20
Shahabuddin v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 273 ....... 46.30, MR0.60
Shanahan v Scott (1957) 96 CLR 245; [1957] HCA 4 ..................................................................... 504.20
Shao v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2007) 157
FCR 300; [2007] FCA 18 ............................................................................................. 137J.20, 137J.80
Shek v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 522 ........................................................... 116.160, 137J.80
Shi v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2005] AATA 904 .............................................. MAR.220
Shi v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2008) 235 CLR 286; 248 ALR 390;
[2008] HCA 31 ................................................................................................. 290.20, 303.80, MAR.20
Shrestha v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2013] FMCA 32 ....................................... 366C.60
Siaw v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 953 ......................... 5J.10, 5J.20
Simsek v McPhee (1982) 148 CLR 636; [1982] HCA 7 ................................................................... 5H.20
Singh v Minister for Immigration [2012] FMCA 1005 ....................... 359A.100, 359AA.100, 424A.100,
424AA.100, 473DE.60
Singh v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 266 FLR 85; [2012] FMCA 634 ........ 366.20,
429A.20
Singh v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 105 FCR 453; 179
ALR 542; [2000] FCA 1426 ............................................................................. 502.60, 502.80, 502.120
Singh v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 109 FCR 152; 194
ALR 599; [2001] FCA 389 ............................................................ 54.20, 54.40, 56.60, 359.80, 424.80
Singh v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 115 FCR 1; [2001]
FCA 1376 ...................................................................................................................... 427.100, 427.160
Sochorova v Minister for Immigration [2010] FMCA 33 ................................................................... 67.20
Sosrohadipoespito v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2001] AATA 293 ..................... MAR.260
State for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Minister of v Harjanto [1981] FCA 703 .............. 37.20,
73.20
Success Australia Group Pty Ltd v Minister for Immigration [2014] FCCA 327 ....... 476.120, 476A.100
Suh v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 175 FCR 515; 108 ALD 470;
[2009] FCAFC 42 ........................................................................................................................ 411.180
Sullivan v Department of Transport (1978) 1 ALD 383; 20 ALR 323 .......................................... 500.160
Susaki v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2002] FCA 1229 ................ 373.40, 435.40
Swee Yen Tay v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 183 FCR 163; [2010]
FCAFC 23 ................................................................................................................................ 473HD.30
Szabo v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] HCATrans 226 .......... 338.160, 338.260
Table of Cases
Migration Law
xxxviii

43. T
TJI v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1998) 55 ALD 508; 158 ALR 681 ........ 5J.20, 36.20
Takli v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 1186 ................................ 269.40
Tang v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2013) 217 FCR 55; (2013) 139 ALD
217; (2013) 138 ALD 37; (2013) 305 ALR 547; [2013] FCAFC 139 ..................... 476A.20, 477.100
Tanielu v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 225 FCR 424; [2014]
FCA 673 ....................................................................................................................................... 501.290
Tay v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 183 FCR 163; [2010] FCAFC 23 ....... 379C.60,
379D.60, 441C.60, 441D.60, 494C.60
Tennakoon v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 615 .......... 269.20, 269.60,
269.100, 269.140
Terera v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 135
FCR 335; [2003] FCA 1570 .............................................................................................. 41.60, 41.180
The Australian Capital Territory Revenue, Commissioner for v Alphaone Pty Ltd (1994)
49 FCR 576; 34 ALD 324; 127 ALR 699 .................................... 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40, 127A.40
Thongpraphai v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 1590 ................... 41.60
Tio v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 126 FCR
185; 197 ALR 117; [2003] FCAFC 53 ......................................................................................... 135.60
Toor v Minister for Immigration [2012] FMCA 804 ........................ 359A.260, 359AA.220, 359AA.240,
359AA.280, 424A.260, 424AA.220, 424AA.240, 424AA.280
Tran v Commonwealth (2010) 187 FCR 54; 271 ALR 1; [2010] FCAFC 80 .... 42.60, 42.100, 261A.20,
261A.40
Trinh v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FMCA
706 .................................................................................................................................................. 41.100
Trinh v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FMCA
945 .................................................................................................................................................... 41.40
Tutugri v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1990) 95 FCR 592; [1999]
FCA 1785 ....................................................................................................................................... 269.40
U
Uddin v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship [2013] FCCA 906 ........ 365.20
Uddin v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FMCA
841 ................................................................................................................................................ 137J.60
Uddin v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 149
FCR 1; [2005] FCAFC 218 ................................. 116.100, 116.120, 119.20, 119.120, 119.140, 120.20
Uelese v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] HCA 15 ................... 500.130, 500.180
Uranek v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003]
FCAFC 37 ................................................................................................................................... 366C.80
Usman v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005]
FMCA 966 ............................................................................................................... 359B.120, 424B.120
V
V v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1999) 92 FCR 355; 55 ALD 629; [1999]
FCA 428 ........................................................................................................................................... 5J.20
VAAC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 129
FCR 168; [2003] FCAFC 74 ......................... 51A.40, 97A.40, 118A.40, 127A.40, 357A.40, 422B.40
VAF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 206
ALR 471; [2004] FCAFC 123 .................... 57.40, 120.40, 359A.40, 359AA.40, 424A.40, 424AA.40
VCAK of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
[2004] FCA 459 ................................................................................................................ 359.20, 424.20
Table of Cases
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44. VEAN v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003] FCA
280 ..................... 379A.160, 379B.80, 379G.80, 379G.100, 441A.160, 441B.80, 441G.80, 441G.100,
473HB.90, 473HG.40, 473HG.50, 494B.180, 494D.80, 494D.100
VEAN of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
(2003) 133 FCR 570; 204 ALR 80; [2003] FCAFC 311 ................. 379G.140, 441G.140, 473HG.70,
494D.140
VHAF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2002) 122
FCR 270; [2002] FCA 1243 ............................................................................................ 29.140, 41.100
VHAJ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 131
FCR 80; 75 ALD 609; [2003] FCAFC 186 ........... 57.180, 120.160, 359A.200, 424A.200, 473DE.80
VHAP of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs
[2004] FCAFC 82 ................................................... 57.100, 120.100, 359A.120, 424A.120, 473DE.70
VNAA v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 136
FCR 407; [2004] FCAFC 134 ........... 360A.60, 362B.100, 362B.140, 425A.60, 426A.100, 426A.140
VU v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 101 ALD 211; [2008] FCAFC 59 .......... 477.80,
477A.80
VWBF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 154
FCR 302; [2006] FCA 851 ....................................................................................................... 424A.130
VWEX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCA
460 .................................................................................................................................................. 269.60
VWFY v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCA
1723 .............................................................................................................................................. 427.180
VWOK v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 147
FCR 135; [2005] FCAFC 249 .................................................................................................... MR0.20
VXDC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 146
FCR 562; [2005] FCA 1338 .............. 51A.100, 97A.100, 118A.100, 127A.100, 357A.120, 422B.120
Vahaakolo v Minister for Immigration and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA 648 ............................ 41.200
Vanstone, Re; Ex parte Auva’a (2003) 134 FCR 379; [2003] FCA 1506 ............................ 41.60, 41.160
Vassiliou v Migration agents Registration Authority [2013] AATA 905 ..................................... MAR.100
Vella v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] FCAFC 53 ............... 501C.20, 501C.40,
503A.90
Verlicia v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2004] FCA 1529 ............................. 41.60
Voitenko v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1999) 92 FCR 355; 55 ALD 629;
[1999] FCA 428 ............................................................................................................................... 36.20
W
W157/00A v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2001) 190 ALR 55;
[2001] FCA 1536 ................................................................... 500A.20, 500A.140, 500A.160, 501G.20
WABZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 134
FCR 271; 204 ALR 687; [2004] FCAFC 30 ............................................................... 366D.20, 427.80
WACO v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 131
FCR 511; 77 ALD 1; [2003] FCAFC 171 .................................................................................. 427.180
WACQ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002]
FMCA 78 ..................................................................................................................................... 486B.40
WAGJ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002]
FCAFC 277 ............................................................................................ 348.80, 363.60, 414.80, 427.60
WAID v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2003] FCA
220 ...................................................... 51A.100, 97A.100, 118A.100, 127A.100, 357A.120, 422B.120
WAIV v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA
1186 .......................................................................................................................................... 494AB.20
WAJC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA
1631 .......................................................................................................................................... 494AB.20
WASB v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2013) 217 FCR 292; [2013] FCA
1016 .............................................................................................................................................. 501.160
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45. WZANC v Minister for Immigration (No 2) (2012) 210 FCR 585; 135 ALD 247; [2012]
FCA 1461 ......................................................... 376.40, 376.60, 438.40, 438.60, 473GB.30, 473GB.40
WZANC v Minister for Immigration (No 2) (2012) 266 FLR 121; [2012] FMCA 504 ................ 376.40,
438.40, 473GB.30
WZAPN v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] FCA 947 .................................. 5J.20
Wang v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 105 FCR 548; 179
ALR 1; [2000] FCA 1599 .................................................................................................... 5J.20, 36.20
Wang v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA
167 ......................................................................................... 129.20, 129.100, 129.120, 131.20, 131.60
Water Conservation and Irrigation Commission (NSW) v Browning (1947) 74 CLR 496;
[1948] 1 ALR 89; [1947] HCA 21 .............................................................................. 46A.20, 195A.40
Weng v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2) (2011) 121 ALD 77; [2011]
FCA 444 ......................................................................................................................................... 134.40
Williams v City of Melbourne (1933) 49 CLR 142; [1933] HCA 56 .............................................. 504.20
Williams v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2014) 226 FCR 112; [2014]
FCA 674 ................................................................................................................. MDLI.20, MDLI.180
Wilson v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 135 ALD 60; [2012] FCA 1421 .... 501G.120
Wong v Minister for Immigration [2009] FMCA 7474 .................................................... 477.80, 477A.80
Wong v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 146
FCR 10; [2004] FCAFC 242 .................................................................................................... 501C.120
Wong v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCA 51 .... 501C.120
Wong v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (No 2) [2004]
FCA 422 ......................................................................................................................................... 73.120
Woods v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2004) 39 AAR 519; [2004] FCA 1622 ..... MAR.120
Wu Yu Fang v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1996) 64 FCR 245; 135 ALR
583 .................................................................................................................................... 46.30, MR0.60
X
Xie v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1999) 95 FCR 543; 167 ALR
188; [1999] FCA 1480 ................................................................................................. 360.280, 425.260
Xie v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC
172 ................... 347.60, 379C.20, 379C.60, 379D.20, 379D.60, 412.60, 441C.20, 441C.60, 441D.20,
441D.60, 473HD.10, 473HD.30, 494C.20, 494C.60
Y
Yap v Minister for Immigration (2014) 291 FLR 54; [2014] FCCA 2476 ...................................... 194.20
Yilmaz v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2000) 100 FCR 495; 62
ALD 513; [2000] FCA 906 ............. 46.30, 47.20, 69.20, 69.40, 338.200, 338.220, 411.140, 411.160,
MR0.60
Yuan v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FMCA
500 .................................................................................................................................................. 41.160
Z
Zeng v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FMCA 169 ............................................. 365.60
Zhang v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 161 FCR 419; [2007] FCAFC
151 .................................................................................. 107.120, 109.140, 119.180, 127.80, 501G.160
Zhang v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCA
1706 .................................................................................................................................................. 98.20
Zhao v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 1235 ................ 119.40, 119.100
Zhao v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCA
1532 ............................................................................................................................................. 501C.60
Table of Cases
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46. Zhaou v Minister for Immigration [2002] FCA 748 ......................................................................... 121.60
Zhong v MIAC (2008) 171 FCR 444; 102 ALD 86; [2008] FCA 507 ............................................ 107.20
Zubair v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 211
ALR 261; [2004] FCAFC 248 ..................................................................................... 338.200, 411.140
Table of Cases
Migration Law
xlii

47. Migration Act 1958
Annotated Migration Act with Related
Commentary

49. TABLE OF PROVISIONS
Part 1 - Preliminary
1 Short title................................................................................................................................ 59
2 Commencement..................................................................................................................... 59
3 Repeal and savings................................................................................................................59
3A Act not to apply so as to exceed Commonwealth power...................................................... 59
3B Compensation for acquisition of property...............................................................................60
4 Object of Act........................................................................................................................... 60
4AA Detention of minors a last resort............................................................................................61
4A Application of the Criminal Code............................................................................................61
5 Interpretation...........................................................................................................................61
5AAA Non-citizen’s responsibility in relation to protection claims....................................................89
5AA Meaning of unauthorised maritime arrival.............................................................................. 90
5A Meaning of personal identifier................................................................................................ 92
5B When personal identifier taken not to have been provided................................................... 93
5C Meaning of character concern................................................................................................93
5CA Child of a person.................................................................................................................... 94
5CB De facto partner......................................................................................................................94
5D Limiting the types of identification tests that authorised officers may carry out.................... 96
5E Meaning of purported privative clause decision..................................................................... 96
5F Spouse....................................................................................................................................96
5G Relationships and family members........................................................................................ 97
5H Meaning of refugee................................................................................................................ 97
5J Meaning of well-founded fear of persecution........................................................................101
5K Membership of a particular social group consisting of family...............................................111
5L Membership of a particular social group other than family.................................................. 112
5LA Effective protection measures.............................................................................................. 113
5M Particularly serious crime......................................................................................................114
6 Effect of limited meaning of enter Australia etc....................................................................114
7 Act to extend to certain Territories........................................................................................114
7A Effect on executive power to protect Australia’s borders..................................................... 114
8 Certain resources installations to be part of Australia..........................................................114
9 Certain sea installations to be part of Australia....................................................................115
9A Migration zone etc.—offshore resources activities...............................................................115
10 Certain children taken to enter Australia at birth..................................................................117
11 Visa applicable to 2 or more persons...................................................................................117
12 Application of Part VA of the Marriage Act........................................................................... 118
Part 2 - Arrival, presence and departure of persons
Division 1 - Immigration status
13 Lawful non-citizens............................................................................................................... 119
14 Unlawful non-citizens............................................................................................................120
15 Effect of cancellation of visa on status.................................................................................120
16 Removal of immigration rights of inhabitant of Protected Zone...........................................120
17 Pre-cleared flights.................................................................................................................120
Division 2 - Power to obtain information and documents about unlawful non-citizens
18 Power to obtain information and documents about unlawful non-citizens...........................121
19 Scales of expenses.............................................................................................................. 121
20 Reasonable compensation................................................................................................... 121
21 Failure to comply with section 18 notice..............................................................................121
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS 3

50. 24 Information and documents that incriminate a person.........................................................122
25 Copies of documents............................................................................................................122
26 Minister may retain documents............................................................................................ 122
27 Division binds the Crown......................................................................................................123
Division 3 - Visa for non-citizens
Subdivision A - General provisions about visas
28 Interpretation.........................................................................................................................123
29 Visas..................................................................................................................................... 123
30 Kinds of visas....................................................................................................................... 126
31 Classes of visas................................................................................................................... 126
32 Special category visas..........................................................................................................130
33 Special purpose visas.......................................................................................................... 133
34 Absorbed person visas.........................................................................................................136
35 Ex-citizen visas.....................................................................................................................142
35A Protection visas—classes of visas....................................................................................... 143
36 Protection visas—criteria provided for by this Act................................................................146
37 Bridging visas....................................................................................................................... 167
37A Temporary safe haven visas.................................................................................................168
38 Criminal justice visas............................................................................................................170
38A Enforcement visas................................................................................................................ 171
38B Maritime crew visas..............................................................................................................171
39 Criterion limiting number of visas.........................................................................................173
39A Minimum annual numbers of Protection (Class XA) visas and Refugee and Humanitarian
(Class XB) visas................................................................................................................... 175
40 Circumstances for granting visas......................................................................................... 175
41 Conditions on visas.............................................................................................................. 177
42 Visa essential for travel........................................................................................................ 186
43 Visa holders must usually enter at a port............................................................................ 188
Subdivision AA - Applications for visas
44 Extent of following Subdivisions...........................................................................................190
45 Application for visa............................................................................................................... 190
45AA Application for one visa taken to be an application for a different visa...............................192
45A Visa application charge........................................................................................................ 194
45B Amount of visa application charge....................................................................................... 194
45C Regulations about visa application charge...........................................................................195
46 Valid visa application............................................................................................................ 195
46AA Visa applications, and the grant of visas, for some Act-based visas.................................. 202
46A Visa applications by unauthorised maritime arrivals............................................................203
46B Visa applications by transitory persons................................................................................209
47 Consideration of valid visa application.................................................................................210
48 Non-citizen refused a visa or whose visa cancelled may only apply for particular visas....213
48A No further applications for protection visa after refusal or cancellation...............................215
48B Minister may determine that section 48A does not apply to non-citizen............................. 217
49 Withdrawal of visa application..............................................................................................220
50 Only new information to be considered in later protection visa applications.......................221
51 Order of consideration..........................................................................................................221
Subdivision AB - Code of procedure for dealing fairly, efficiently and quickly with visa applications
51A Exhaustive statement of natural justice hearing rule........................................................... 221
52 Communication with Minister................................................................................................225
53 Delegation by Attorney-General [Repealed].........................................................................226
54 Minister must have regard to all information in application................................................. 226
55 Further information may be given........................................................................................ 227
56 Further information may be sought...................................................................................... 227
57 Certain information must be given to applicant....................................................................230
58 Invitation to give further information or comments...............................................................234
Migration Act 1994
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51. 59 Interviews..............................................................................................................................235
60 Medical examination.............................................................................................................235
61 Prescribed periods................................................................................................................235
62 Failure to receive information not require action..................................................................236
63 When decision about visa may be made.............................................................................236
64 Notice that visa application charge is payable.....................................................................236
Subdivision AC - Grant of visas
65 Decision to grant or refuse to grant visa..............................................................................237
65A Period within which Minister must make decision on protection visas [Repealed]............. 239
66 Notification of decision......................................................................................................... 239
67 Grant and refusal of visa—how and when...........................................................................243
68 When visa is in effect........................................................................................................... 243
69 Effect of compliance or non-compliance.............................................................................. 245
Subdivision AE - Evidence of visas [Repealed]............................................................................................... 246
Subdivision AF - Bridging visas
72 Interpretation.........................................................................................................................246
73 Bridging visas....................................................................................................................... 247
74 Further applications for bridging visa................................................................................... 249
75 When eligible non-citizen in immigration detention granted visa.........................................250
76 Bridging visa not affect visa applications............................................................................. 250
Subdivision AG - Other provisions about visas
77 Visas held during visa period............................................................................................... 250
78 Children born in Australia..................................................................................................... 250
79 Effect on visa of leaving Australia........................................................................................ 251
80 Certain persons taken not to leave Australia....................................................................... 251
81 Extent of visa authority.........................................................................................................251
82 When visas cease to be in effect.........................................................................................251
83 Certain persons taken to be included in spouse, de facto partner or parent’s visa............253
84 Minister may suspend processing of visa applications........................................................253
Subdivision AH - Limit on visas
85 Limit on visas........................................................................................................................254
86 Effect of limit.........................................................................................................................256
87 Limit does not prevent visas for certain persons................................................................. 256
87A Limit does not prevent the grant of visas to certain people who are unable to meet health
or character requirements before the limit applies because of circumstances beyond
their control...........................................................................................................................257
88 Limit does not affect processing of applications.................................................................. 258
89 Determination of limit not to mean failure to decide............................................................ 258
90 Order of dealing with limited visas....................................................................................... 259
91 Order of dealing with visas...................................................................................................259
Subdivision AI - Safe third countries
91A Reason for Subdivision.........................................................................................................260
91B Interpretation.........................................................................................................................260
91C Non-citizens covered by Subdivision....................................................................................260
91D Safe third countries.............................................................................................................. 260
91E Non-citizens to which this Subdivision applies unable to make valid applications for
certain visas..........................................................................................................................261
91F Minister may determine that section 91E does not apply to non-citizen.............................261
91G Applications made before regulations take effect................................................................ 263
Subdivision AJ - Temporary safe haven visas
91H Reason for this Subdivision..................................................................................................263
91J Non-citizens to whom this Subdivision applies.................................................................... 264
91K Non-citizens to whom this Subdivision applies are unable to make valid applications for
certain visas..........................................................................................................................264
91L Minister may determine that section 91K does not apply to a non-citizen..........................264
Table of Provisions
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS 5

52. Subdivision AK - Non-citizens with access to protection from third countries
91M Reason for this Subdivision..................................................................................................265
91N Non-citizens to whom this Subdivision applies.................................................................... 266
91P Non-citizens to whom this Subdivision applies are unable to make valid applications for
certain visas..........................................................................................................................267
91Q Minister may determine that section 91P does not apply to a non-citizen..........................267
Subdivision AL - Other provisions about protection visas
91V Verification of information..................................................................................................... 268
91W Evidence of identity and bogus documents......................................................................... 270
91WA Providing bogus documents or destroying identity documents............................................270
91WB Application for protection visa by member of same family unit........................................... 271
91X Names of applicants for protection visas not to be published by the High Court, Federal
Court or Federal Circuit Court..............................................................................................271
91Y Secretary’s obligation to report to Minister [Repealed]........................................................271
Subdivision B - The “points” system
92 Operation of Subdivision...................................................................................................... 272
93 Determination of applicant’s score....................................................................................... 272
94 Initial application of “points” system..................................................................................... 272
95 Applications in pool.............................................................................................................. 272
95A Extension of period in pool...................................................................................................273
96 Minister may set pool mark and pass mark.........................................................................273
Subdivision C - Visas based on incorrect information may be cancelled
97 Interpretation.........................................................................................................................275
97A Exhaustive statement of natural justice hearing rule........................................................... 275
98 Completion of visa application..............................................................................................278
99 Information is answer........................................................................................................... 279
100 Incorrect answers................................................................................................................. 280
101 Visa applications to be correct............................................................................................. 280
102 Passenger cards to be correct............................................................................................. 280
103 Bogus documents not to be given etc..................................................................................280
104 Changes in circumstances to be notified............................................................................. 280
105 Particulars of incorrect answers to be given........................................................................281
106 Obligations to give etc. information is not affected by other sources of information...........281
107 Notice of incorrect applications............................................................................................ 281
107A Possible non-compliances in connection with a previous visa may be grounds for
cancellation of current visa...................................................................................................286
108 Decision about non-compliance........................................................................................... 286
109 Cancellation of visa if information incorrect......................................................................... 288
110 Cancellation provisions apply whatever source of knowledge of non-compliance..............291
111 Cancellation provisions apply whether or not non-compliance deliberate...........................292
112 Action because of one non-compliance not prevent action because of other non-
compliance............................................................................................................................292
113 No cancellation if full disclosure...........................................................................................292
114 Effect of setting aside decision to cancel visa..................................................................... 292
115 Application of Subdivision.....................................................................................................292
Subdivision D - Visas may be cancelled on certain grounds
116 Power to cancel....................................................................................................................293
117 When visa may be cancelled............................................................................................... 297
118 Cancellation powers do not limit or affect each other..........................................................298
Subdivision E - Procedure for cancelling visas under Subdivision D in or outside Australia
118A Exhaustive statement of natural justice hearing rule........................................................... 298
119 Notice of proposed cancellation........................................................................................... 302
120 Certain information must be given to visa holder................................................................ 306
121 Invitation to give comments etc............................................................................................310
122 Prescribed periods................................................................................................................311
123 Failure to accept invitation not require action...................................................................... 311
Migration Act 1994
Migration Law
6

53. 124 When decision about visa cancellation may be made.........................................................311
125 Application of Subdivision to non-citizen in immigration clearance..................................... 312
126 Application of Subdivision to non-citizen in questioning detention...................................... 312
127 Notification of decision......................................................................................................... 312
Subdivision F - Other procedure for cancelling visas under Subdivision D outside Australia
127A Exhaustive statement of natural justice hearing rule........................................................... 315
128 Cancellation of visas of people outside Australia.................................................................318
129 Notice of cancellation........................................................................................................... 319
130 Prescribed periods................................................................................................................322
131 Decision about revocation of cancellation............................................................................322
132 Notification of decision about revocation of cancellation..................................................... 324
133 Effect of revocation of cancellation...................................................................................... 324
Subdivision FA - Additional personal powers for Minister to cancel visas on section 109 or 116
grounds
133A Minister’s personal powers to cancel visas on section 109 grounds...................................324
133B Other provisions relating to the exercise of powers in section 133A.................................. 325
133C Minister’s personal powers to cancel visas on section 116 grounds...................................326
133D Cancellation under subsection 133A(1) or 133C(1)—method of satisfying Minister of
matters..................................................................................................................................327
133E Cancellation under subsection 133A(1) or 133C(1)—notice of cancellation....................... 327
133F Cancellation under subsection 133A(3) or 133C(3)—Minister may revoke cancellation in
certain circumstances...........................................................................................................327
Subdivision FB - Emergency cancellation on security grounds
134A Natural justice.......................................................................................................................328
134B Emergency cancellation on security grounds.......................................................................328
134C Decision about revocation of emergency cancellation.........................................................328
134D Effect of revocation of cancellation...................................................................................... 329
134E Notice of cancellation........................................................................................................... 329
134F Effect of cancellation on other visas.................................................................................... 330
Subdivision G - Cancellation of business visas
134 Cancellation of business visas............................................................................................. 330
135 Representations concerning cancellation of business visa..................................................334
136 Review of decisions..............................................................................................................335
137 Provision of information—holders of business visas............................................................336
Subdivision GA - Cancellation of approval as a business sponsor [Repealed]............................................... 337
Subdivision GB - Automatic cancellation of student visas
137J Non-complying students may have their visas automatically cancelled..............................337
137K Applying for revocation of cancellation.................................................................................339
137L Dealing with the application..................................................................................................339
137M Notification of decision......................................................................................................... 340
137N Minister may revoke cancellation on his or her own initiative............................................. 341
137P Effect of revocation...............................................................................................................341
Subdivision GC - Cancellation of regional sponsored employment visas
137Q Cancellation of regional sponsored employment visas........................................................341
137R Representations concerning cancellation etc.......................................................................342
137S Notice of cancellation........................................................................................................... 342
137T Cancellation of other visas................................................................................................... 342
Subdivision H - General provisions on cancellation
138 Cancellation and revocation of cancellation of visas—how and when................................343
139 Visas held by 2 or more....................................................................................................... 343
140 Cancellation of visa results in other cancellation.................................................................343
Division 3A - Sponsorship
Subdivision A - Preliminary
140A Division applies to prescribed kinds of visa......................................................................... 344
140AA Division 3A—purposes......................................................................................................... 344
Table of Provisions
© 2016 THOMSON REUTERS 7

54. 140AB Ministerial Advisory Council on Skilled Migration.................................................................345
Subdivision B - Approving sponsors and nominations
140E Minister to approve sponsor.................................................................................................345
140F Process for approving sponsors...........................................................................................345
140G Terms of approval as a sponsor...........................................................................................346
140GA Variation of terms of approval as a sponsor........................................................................ 346
140GB Minister to approve nominations.......................................................................................... 346
140GBA Labour market testing—condition.........................................................................................347
140GBB Labour market testing—major disaster exemption...............................................................349
140GBC Labour market testing—skill and occupational exemptions.................................................350
140GC Work agreements................................................................................................................. 351
Subdivision C - Sponsorship obligations
140H Sponsorship obligations—general........................................................................................351
140HA Sponsorship obligations—Minister’s responsibility...............................................................352
140I Amounts payable to the Commonwealth [Repealed]...........................................................352
140J Amounts payable in relation to sponsorship obligations......................................................352
Subdivision D - Enforcement
140K Sanctions for failing to satisfy sponsorship obligations........................................................353
140L Regulations may prescribe circumstances in which sponsor may be barred or sponsor’s
approval cancelled................................................................................................................354
140M Cancelling approval as a sponsor or barring a sponsor......................................................355
140N Process for cancelling or barring approval as a sponsor.................................................... 355
140O Waiving a bar........................................................................................................................355
140P Process for waiving a bar.....................................................................................................356
140Q Civil penalty—failing to satisfy sponsorship obligations.......................................................356
140R [Repealed]............................................................................................................................ 356
140RA Enforceable undertakings.....................................................................................................356
140RB Enforcing undertakings [Repealed]...................................................................................... 357
Subdivision E - Liability and recovery of amounts
140S Liability to pay amounts........................................................................................................357
140SA Interest up to judgment........................................................................................................ 357
140SB Interest on judgment.............................................................................................................358
140SC Certain plaintiffs may choose small claims procedure in magistrates courts...................... 358
140T Notice regarding amount of debt or other amount...............................................................359
140U Liability is in addition to any other liability............................................................................359
Subdivision F - Inspector powers
140UA Exercise of inspector powers............................................................................................... 359
140V Inspectors............................................................................................................................. 359
140W Identity cards........................................................................................................................ 360
140X Purpose for which powers of inspectors may be exercised................................................ 361
140XA When powers of inspectors may be exercised.................................................................... 361
140XB Power of inspectors to enter premises or places.................................................................361
140XC Powers of inspectors while on premises or at a place........................................................ 361
140XD Persons assisting inspectors................................................................................................362
140XE Power to ask for person’s name and address..................................................................... 362
140XF Power to require persons to produce records or documents.............................................. 363
140XG Self-incrimination.................................................................................................................. 363
140XH Certain records and documents are inadmissible................................................................363
140XI Power to keep records or documents.................................................................................. 363
140XJ Disclosure of information by the Secretary or Australian Border Force Commissioner...... 364
Subdivision G - Application of Division to partnerships and unincorporated associations
140ZB Partnerships—sponsorship rights and obligations............................................................... 364
140ZC Partnerships—offences and civil penalties...........................................................................365
140ZD Partnership ceases to exist.................................................................................................. 365
140ZE Unincorporated associations—sponsorship rights and obligations......................................365
Migration Act 1994
Migration Law
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56. much the same as they were in '64—hilly in places—and kind of
rocky.”
Durham found himself sitting still, listening hard. Everybody else
was listening too. Suddenly it struck Durham, almost like a blow,
that this simple old man had somehow laid a sort of spell upon them
all. The flattening sunrays made a kind of pink glow about the old
judge's face, touching gently his bald head and his white whiskers.
He droned on:
“I remember about those roads particularly well, because that
time when I marched through here in '64 my feet was about out ef
my shoes and them flints cut 'em up some. Some of the boys, I
recollect, left bloody prints in the dust behind 'em. But shucks—it
wouldn't a-made no real difference if we'd wore the bottoms plum
off our feet! We'd a-kept on goin'. We'd a-gone anywhere—or tried
to—behind old Bedford Forrest.”
Aunt Tilly's palmleaf halted in air and the twelfth juror's faithful
quid froze in his cheek and stuck there like a small wen. Except for a
general hunching forward of shoulders and heads there was no
movement anywhere and no sound except the voice of the witness:
“Old Bedford Forrest hisself was leadin' us, and so naturally we
just went along with him, shoes or no shoes. There was a regiment
of Northern troops—Yankees—marchin' on this town that mornin',
and it seemed the word had traveled ahead of 'em that they was
aimin' to burn it down.
“Probably it wasn't true. When we got to know them Yankees
better afterward we found out that there really wasn't no difference,
to speak of, between the run of us and the run of them. Probably it
wasn't so at all. But in them days the people was prone to believe
'most anything—about Yankees—and the word was that they was
cornin' across country, a-burnin' and cuttin' and slashin,' and the
people here thought they was going to be burned out of house and
home. So old Bedford Forrest he marched all night with a battalion
of us—four companies—Kintuckians and Tennesseeans mostly, with
a sprinklin' of boys from Mississippi and Arkansas—some of us ridin'

57. and some walkin' afoot, like me—we didn't always have horses
enough to go round that last year. And somehow we got here before
they did. It was a close race though between us—them a-comin'
down from the North and us a-comin' up from the other way. We
met 'em down there by that little branch just below where your
present railroad depot is. There wasn't no depot there then, but the
branch looks just the same now as it did then—and the bridge too. I
walked acros't it this momin' to see. Yes, suh, right there was where
we met 'em. And there was a right smart fight.
“Yes, suh, there was a right smart fight for about twenty minutes
—or maybe twenty-five—and then we had breakfast.”
He had been smiling gently as he went along. Now he broke into a
throaty little chuckle.
“Yes, suh, it all come back to me this mornin'—every little bit of it
—the breakfast and all. I didn't have much breakfast, though, as I
recall—none of us did—probably just corn pone and branch water to
wash it down with.”
And he wiped his mouth with the back of his hand as though the
taste of the gritty cornmeal cakes was still there.
There was another little pause here; the witness seemed to be
through. Durham's crisp question cut the silence like a gash with a
knife.
“Judge Priest, do you know the defendant at the bar, and if so,
how well do you know him?”
“I was just comin' to that,” he answered with simplicity, “and I'm
obliged to you for puttin' me back on the track. Oh, I know the
defendant at the bar mighty well—as well as anybody on earth ever
did know him, I reckin, unless 'twas his own maw and paw. I've
known him, in fact, from the time he was born—and a gentler,
better-disposed boy never grew up in our town. His nature seemed
almost too sweet for a boy—more like a girl's—but as a grown man
he was always manly, and honest, and fair—and not quarrelsome.
Oh, yes, I know him. I knew his father and his mother before him.
It's a funny thing too—comin' up this way—but I remember that his

58. paw was marchin' right alongside of me the day we came through
here in '64. He was wounded, his paw was, right at the edge of that
little creek down yonder. He was wounded in the shoulder—and he
never did entirely git over it.”
Again he stopped dead short, and he lifted his hand and tugged at
the lobe of his right ear absently. Simultaneously Mr. Felsburg, who
was sitting close to a window beyond the jury box, was also seized
with nervousness, for he jerked out a handkerchief and with it
mopped his brow so vigorously that, to one standing outside, it
might have seemed that the handkerchief was actually being waved
about as a signal.
Instantly then there broke upon the pause that still endured a
sudden burst of music, a rollicking, jingling air. It was only a twenty-
cent touth organ, three sleigh bells, and a pair of the rib bones of a
beef-cow being played all at once by a saddle-colored negro man
but it sounded for all the world like a fife-and-drum corps:
If you want to have a good time,
If you want to have a good time,
If you want to have a good time,
If you want to ketch the devil—
Jine the cavalree!
To some who heard it now the time was strange; these were the
younger ones. But to those older men and those older women the
first jubilant bars rolled back the years like a scroll.
If you want to have a good time,
If yu want to have a good time,
If you want to have a good time,
If you want to ride with Bedford—
Jine the cavalree!
The sound swelled and rippled and rose through the windows—
the marching song of the Southern trooper—Forrest's men, and
Morgan's, and Jeb Stuart's and Joe Wheeler's. It had in it the jingle
of saber chains, the creak of sweaty saddle-girths, the nimble clunk
of hurrying hoofs. It had in it the clanging memories of a cause and
a time that would live with these people as long as they lived and

59. their children lived and their children's children. It had in it the one
sure call to the emotions and the sentiments of these people.
And it rose and rose and then as the unseen minstrel went
slouching down Main Street, toward the depot and the creek it sank
lower and became a thin thread of sound and then a broken thread
of sound and then it died out altogether and once more there was
silence in the court house of Forked Deer County.
Strangely enough not one listener had come to the windows to
look out. The interruption from without had seemed part and parcel
of what went on within. None faced to the rear, every one faced to
the front.
There was Mr. Lukins now. As Mr. Lukins got upon his feet he said
to himself in a tone of feeling that he be dad-fetched. But
immediately changing his mind he stated that he would preferably
be dad-blamed, and as he moved toward the bar rail one
overhearing him might have gathered from remarks let fall that Mr.
Lukins was going somewhere with the intention of being extensively
dad-burned. But for all these threats Mr. Lukins didn't go anywhere,
except as near the railing as he could press.
Nearly everybody else was standing up too. The state's attorney
was on his feet with the rest, seemingly for the purpose of making
some protest.
Had any one looked they might have seen that the ember in the
smoldering eye of the old foreman had blazed up to a brown fire;
that Juror No. 4, with utter disregard for expense, was biting
segments out of the brim of his new brown-varnished straw hat; that
No. 7 had dropped his crutches on the floor, and that no one, not
even their owner, had heard them fall; that all the jurors were half
out of their chairs. But no one saw these things, for at this moment
there rose up Aunt Tilly Haslett, a dominant figure, her huge wide
bade blocking the view of three or four immediately behind her.
Uncle Fayette laid a timid detaining hand upon her and seemed to
be saying something protestingly.

60. “Turn loose of me, Fate Haslett!” she commanded. “Ain't you
ashamed of yourse'f, to be tryin' to hold me back when you know
how my only dear brother died a-followin' after Gineral Nathan
Bedford Forrest. Turn loose of me!”
She flirted her great arm and Uncle Fayette spun flutteringly into
the mass behind. The sheriff barred her way at the gate of the bar.
“Mizz Haslett,” he implored, “please, Mizz Haslett—you must keep
order in the cote.” Aunt Tilly halted in her onward move, head up
high and elbows out, and through her specs, blazing like burning-
glasses, she fixed on him a look that instantly charred that, unhappy
official into a burning red ruin of his own self-importance.
“Keep it yourse'f, High Sheriff Washington Nash, Esquire,” she
bade him; “that's whut you git paid good money for doin'. And git
out of my way! I'm a-goin' in there to that pore little lonesome thing
settin' there all by herself, and there ain't nobody goin' to hinder me
neither!”
The sheriff shrunk aside; perhaps it would be better to say he
evaporated aside. And public opinion, reorganized and made over
but still incarnate in Aunt Tilly Haslett, swept past the rail and settled
like a billowing black cloud into a chair that the local attorney for the
defense vacated just in time to save himself the inconvenience of
having it snatched bodily from under him.
“There, honey,” said Aunt Tilly crooningly as she gathered the
forlorn little figure of the prisoner's wife in her arms like a child and
mothered her up to her ample bombazined bosom, “there now,
honey, you jest cry on me.”
Then Aunt Tilly looked up and her specs were all blurry and wet.
But she waved her palmleaf fan as though it had been the baton of
a marshal.
“Now, Jedge,” she said, addressing the bench, “and you other
gentlemen—you kin go ahead now.”
The state's attorney had meant evidently to make some sort of an
objection, for he was upon his feet through all this scene. But he
looked back before he spoke and what he saw kept him from

61. speaking. I believe I stated earlier that he was a candidate for
rejection. So he settled back down in his chair and stretched out his
legs and buried his chin in the top of his limp white waistcoat in an
attitude that he had once seen in a picture entitled, “Napoleon
Bonaparte at St. Helena.”
“You may resume, Judge Priest,” said the trial judge in a voice that
was not entirely free from huskiness, although its owner had been
clearing it steadily for some moments.
“Thank you kindly, suh, but I was about through anyhow,”
answered the witness with a bow, and for all his homeliness there
was dignity and stateliness in it. “I merely wanted to say for the
sake of completin' the record, so to speak, that on the occasion
referred to them Yankees did not cross that bridge.” With the air of
tendering and receiving congratulations Mr. Lukins turned to his
nearest neighbor and shook hands with him warmly.
The witness got up somewhat stiffly, once more becoming a
commonplace old man in a wrinkled black alpaca coat, and made his
way back to his vacant place, now in the shadow of Aunt Tilly
Haslett's form. As he passed along the front of the jury-box the
foreman's crippled right hand came up in a sort of a clumsy salute,
and the juror at the other end of the rear row—No. 12, the oldest
juror—leaned forward as if to speak to him, but remembered in time
where his present duty lay. The old judge kept on until he came to
Durham's side, and he whispered to him: “Son, they've quit lookin'
at him and they're all a-lookin' at her. Son, rest your case.” Durham
came out of a maze.
“Your Honor,” he said as he rose, “the defense rests.”
The jury were out only six minutes. Mr. Lukins insisted that it was
only five minutes and a half, and added that he'd be dad-rotted if it
was a second longer than that.
As the lately accused Tandy came out of the courthouse with his
imported lawyer—Aunt Tilly bringing up the rear with his trembling,
weeping, happy little wife—friendly hands were outstretched to clasp

62. his and a whiskered old gentleman with a thumbnail like a Brazil nut
grabbed at his arm.
“Whichaway did Billy Priest go?” he demanded—“little old Fightin'
Billy—whar did he go to? Soon as he started in talkin' I placed him.
Whar is he?”
Walking side by side, Tandy and Durham came down the steps
into the soft June night, and Tandy took a long, deep breath into his
lungs.
“Mr. Durham,” he said, “I owe a great deal to you.”
“How's that?” said Durham.
Just ahead of them, centered in a shaft of light from the window
of the barroom of the Drummers' Home Hotel, stood Judge Priest.
The old judge had been drinking. The pink of his face was a trifle
more pronounced, the high whine in his voice a trifle weedier, as he
counted one by one certain pieces of silver into the wide-open palm
of a saddle-colored negro.
“How's that?” said Durham. “I say I owe everything in the world to
you,” repeated Tandy.
“No,” said Durham, “what you owe me is the fee you agreed to
pay me for defending you. There's the man you're looking for.”
And he pointed to the old judge.

63. S
II. THE COUNTY TROT
ATURDAY was the last day of the county fair and the day of
the County Trot. It was also Veterans' Day, when the old
soldiers were the guests of honor of the management, and
likewise Ladies' Day, which meant that all white females of
whatever age were admitted free. So naturally, in view of all these
things, the biggest day of fair week was Saturday.
The fair grounds lay in a hickory flat a mile out of town, and the
tall scaly barks grew so close to the fence that they poked their
limbs over its top and shed down nuts upon the track. The fence had
been whitewashed once, back in the days of its youth when Hector
was a pup; but Hec was an old dog now and the rains of years had
washed the fence to a misty gray, so that in the dusk the long,
warped panels stood up in rows, palely luminous—like the
highshouldered ghosts of a fence. And the rust had run down from
the eaten-out nail-holes until each plank had two staring marks in its
face—like rheumy, bleared eyes. The ancient grandstand was of
wood too, and had lain outdoors in all weathers until its rheumatic
rafters groaned and creaked when the wind blew.
Back of the grandstand stood Floral Hall and Agricultural Hall.
Except for their names and their flagstaffs you might have taken
them for two rather hastily built and long-neglected bams. Up the
track to the north were the rows of stables that were empty,
odorous little cubicles for fifty-one weeks of the year, but now—for
this one week—alive with darky stable hands and horses; and all the
good savors of woodfires, clean hay, and turned-up turf were
commingled there.
The fair had ideal weather for its windup. No frost had fallen yet,
but in the air there were signs and portents of its coming. The long
yellow leaves of the hickories had begun to curl up as if to hold the
dying warmth of the sap to the last; and once in a while an ash

64. flamed red like a signal fire to give warning for Indian summer, when
all the woods would blaze in warpaints before huddling down for the
winter under their tufted, ragged tawnies and browns—like buffalo
robes on the shoulders of chilled warriors. The first flights of the wild
geese were going over, their V's pointed to the Gulf; and that
huckstering little bird of the dead treetops, which the negroes call
the sweet-potato bird—maybe it's a pewee, with an acquired
Southern accent—was calling his mythical wares at the front door of
every woodpecker's hole. The woods were perfumy with ripening
wild grapes and pawpaws, and from the orchards came rich winy
smells where the windfalls lay in heaps and cider mills gushed under
the trees; and on the roof of the smokehouse the pared, sliced fruit
was drying out yellow and leathery in the sun and looking—a little
way off—like countless ears all turned to listen for the same thing.
Saturday, by sunup, the fair grounds were astir. Undershirted
concessionaries and privilege people emerged from their canvas
sleeping quarters to sniff at a the tantalizing smell that floated
across to them from certain narrow trenches dug in the ground.
That smell, just by itself, was one square meal and an incentive to
another; for these trenches were full of live red hickory coals; and
above them, on greenwood stakes that were stretched across, a
shoat and a whole sheep, and a rosary of young squirrels impaled in
a string, had been all night barbecuing. Uncle Isom Woolfolk was in
charge here—mightily and solely in charge—Uncle Isom Woolfolk, no
less, official purveyor to the whole county at fish fries or camp
breakfasts, secretary of the Republican County Committee, high in
his church and his lodges and the best barbecue cook in seven
states. He bellowed frequent and contradictory orders to two negro
women of his household who were arranging clean white clothes on
board trestles; and constantly he went from shoat to sheep and from
sheep to squirrels, basting them with a rag wrapped about a stick
and dipped into a potent sauce of his own private making. Red
pepper and sweet vinegar were two of its main constituents, though,
and in turn he painted each carcass as daintily as an artist
retouching the miniature of his lady fair, so that under his hand the

65. crackling meatskins sizzled and smoked, and a yellowish glaze like a
veneer spread over their surfaces. His white chin-beard waggled
with importance and the artistic temperament.
Before Uncle Isom had his barbecue off the fire the crowds were
pouring in, coming from the town afoot, and in buggies and hacks,
and from the country in farm wagons that held families, from
grandsire to baby in arms, all riding in kitchen chairs, with bedquilt
lap robes. At noon a thin trickle of martial music came down the
pike; and pretty soon then the veterans, forty or fifty of them,
marched in, two by two, some in their reunion gray and some in
their best Sunday blacks. At the head of the limping line of old men
was a fife-and-drum corps—two sons of veterans at the drums and
Corporal Harrison Treese, sometime bugler of Terry's Cavalry, with
his fife half buried in his whiskers, ripping the high notes out of The
Girl I Left Behind Me. Near the tail of the procession was Sergeant
Jimmy Bagby, late of King's Hellhounds. Back in war times that
organization had borne a more official and a less sanguinary title;
but you would never have guessed this, overhearing Sergeant Jimmy
Bagby's conversation.
The sergeant wore a little skirtless jacket, absurdly high-collared,
faded to all colors and falling to pieces with age. Three tarnished
buttons and a rag of rotted braid still dung to its front. Probably it
had fitted the sergeant well in the days when he was a slim and
limber young partisan ranger; but now the peaked little tail showed
halfway up his back where his suspenders forked, and his white-
shirted paunch jutted out in front like a big cotton pod bursting out
of a gray-brown boll. The sergeant wore his jacket on all occasions
of high military and civic state—that, and a gangrened leather
cartridge-box bouncing up and down on his plump hip—and over his
shoulder the musket he had carried to war and back home again, an
ancient Springfield with a stock like a log butt and a hammer like a
mule's ear, its barrel merely a streak of rust.
He walked side by side with his closest personal friend and
bitterest political foe, Major Ashcroft, late of the Ninth Michigan
Volunteers—walking so close to him that the button of the Loyal

66. Legion in the major's left-hand lapel almost touched the bronze
Southern Cross pinned high up on the right breast of the sergeant's
flaring jacket.
From time to time the sergeant, addressing the comrades ahead
of him, would poke the major in the side and call out:
“Boys, I've took the first prisoner—this here pizen Yank is my
meat!”
And the imperturbable major would invariably retort:
“Yes, and along about dark the prisoner will have to be loading
you into a hack and sending you home—the same as he always
does.” Thereupon a cackling laugh would run up the double line from
its foot to its head.
The local band, up in its coop on the warped gray roof of the
grandstand, blared out Dixie, and the crowd cheered louder than
ever as the uneven column of old soldiers swung stiffly down the
walkway fronting the grandstand and halted at the word—and then,
at another word, disbanded and melted away into individuals and
groups. Soon the veterans, with their womenfolks, were scattered all
over the grounds, elbowing a way through the narrow aisles of Floral
Hall to see the oil paintings and the prize cakes and preserves, and
the different patterns of home-made rag quilts—Hen-and-Chickens
and Lone Star and Log Cabin—or crowding about the showpens
where young calves lowed vainly for parental attention and a
Berkshire boar, so long of body and so vast of bulk that he only
needed to shed his legs to be a captive balloon, was shoving his
snout through a crack in his pen and begging for goodies. And in
Agricultural Hall were water-melons like green boulders, and stalks
of corn fourteen feet long, and saffron blades of prize-winning
tobacco, and families of chickens unhappily domiciled in wooden
coops. The bray of sideshow barkers, and the squeak of toy
balloons, and the barnyard sounds from the tied-up, penned-up farm
creatures, went up to the treetops in a medley that drove the birds
scurrying over the fence and into the quieter woods. And in every
handy spot under a tree basket dinners were spread, and family

67. groups ate cold fried chicken and lemon meringue pie, picnic
fashion, upon the grass.
In the middle of this a cracked bugle sounded and there was a
rush to the grandstand. Almost instantly its rattling gray boards
clamored under the heels of a multitude. About the stall of the one
lone bookmaker a small crowd, made up altogether of men, eddied
and swirled. There were men in that group, strict church members,
who would not touch a playing card or a fiddle—playthings of the
devil by the word of their strict orthodoxy; who wouldn't let their
children dance any dance except a square dance or go to any parties
except play parties, and some of them had never seen the inside of
a theater or a circus tent. But they came each year to the county
fair; and if they bet on the horses it was their own private affair.
So, at the blare of that leaky bugle, Floral Hall and the cattlepens
were on the moment deserted and lonely. The Berkshire boar
returned to his wallow, and a young Jersey bullock, with a warm red
coat and a temper of the same shade, was left shaking his head and
snorting angrily as he tried vainly to dislodge a blue ribbon that was
knotted about one of his short, curving black horns. Had he been a
second prizewinner instead of a first, that ribbon would have been a
red ribbon and there is no telling what might have happened.
The first race was a half-mile dash for running horses. There were
four horses entered for it and three of the four jockeys wore regular
jockey outfits, with loose blouses and top boots and long-peaked
caps; but the fourth jockey was an imp-black stable boy, wearing a
cotton shirt and the ruins of an old pair of pants. The brimless wreck
of a straw hat was clamped down tight on his wool like a cup. He
be-straddled a sweaty little red gelding named Flitterfoot, and
Flitterfoot was the only local entry, and was an added starter, and a
forlorn hope in the betting.
While these four running horses were dancing a fretful schottische
round at the half-mile post, and the starter, old man Thad Jacobson,
was bellowing at the riders and slashing a black-snake whip round
the shins of their impatient mounts, a slim black figure wormed a
way under the arms and past the short ribs of a few belated betters

68. yet lingering about the bookmaker's block. This intruder handled
himself so deftly and so nimbly as not to jostle by one hair's breadth
the dignity of any white gentleman there present, yet was steadily
making progress all the while and in ample time getting down a
certain sum of money on Flitterfoot to win at odds.
“Ain't that your nigger boy Jeff?” inquired Doctor Lake of Judge
Priest, as the new comer, still boring deftly, emerged from the group
and with a last muttered “Scuse me, boss—please, suh—scuse me!”
darted away toward the head of the stretch, where others of his race
were draping themselves over the top rail of the fence in black
festoons.
“Yes, I suppose 'tis—probably,” said Judge Priest in that high
singsong of his. “That black scoundrel of mine is liable to be
everywhere—except when you want him, and then he's not
anywhere. That must be Jeff, I reckin.” And the old judge chuckled
indulgently in appreciation of Jeff's manifold talents.
During the parade of the veterans that day Judge Priest, as
commandant of the camp, had led the march just behind the fife
and drums and just ahead of the color-bearer carrying the silken
flag; and all the way out from town Jeff, his manservant, valet, and
guardian, had marched a pace to his right. Jeff's own private and
personal convictions—convictions which no white man would ever
know by word of mouth from Jeff anyhow—
were not with the late cause which those elderly men in gray
represented. Jeff's political feelings, if any such he had, would be
sure to lean away from them; but it was a chance to march with
music—and Jeff had marched, his head up and his feet cutting
scallops and double-shuffles in the dust.
Judge Priest's Jeff was a small, jet-black person, swift in his gait
and wise in his generation. He kept his wool cropped close and
made the part in it with a razor. By some subtle art of his own he
could fall heir to somebody else's old clothes and, wearing them,
make than look newer and better than when they were new.
Overcome by the specious wiles of Jeff some white gentleman of his

69. acquaintance would bestow upon him a garment that seemed
shabby to the point of open shame and a public scandal. Jeff would
retire for a season with a pressing iron and a bottle of cleansing
fluid, and presently that garment would come forth, having
undergone a glorious resurrection. Seeing it, then, the former
proprietor would repent his generosity and wonder what ever
possessed him to part with apparel so splendid.
For this special and gala occasion Jim wore a blue-serge coat that
had been given to him in consideration of certain acts of office-
tending by Attorney Clay Saunders. Attorney Clay Saunders weighed
two hundred and fifty pounds If he weighed an ounce, and Jeff
would never see one hundred and twenty-five; but the blue serge
was draped upon Jeff's frame with just the fashionable looseness.
The sleeves, though a trifle long, hung most beautifully. Jeff's
trousers were of a light and pearly gray, and had been the property
originally of Mr. Otter-buck, cashier at the bank, who was built long
and rangy; whereas Jeff was distinctly short and ducklike. Yet these
same trousers, pressed now until you could have peeled peaches
with their creases and turned up at the bottoms to a rakish and
sporty length, looked as if they might have been specially coopered
to Jeff's legs by a skilled tailor.
This was Judge Priest's Jeff, whose feet would fit anybody's shoes
and whose head would fit anybody's hat. Having got his money
safely down on Flitterfoot to win, Jeff was presently choking a post
far up the homestretch. With a final crack of the starter's coiling
blacksnake and a mounting scroll of dust, the runners were off on
their half-mile dash. While the horses were still spattering through
the dust on the far side of the course from him Jeff began
encouraging his choice by speech.
“Come on, you little red hoss!” he said in a low, confidential tone.
“I asks you lak a gen'leman to come on and win all that money fur
me. Come on, you little red hoss—you ain't half runnin'! little red
hoss”—his voice sank to a note of passionate pleading—“whut is
detainin' you?”

70. Perhaps even that many years back, when it had just been
discovered, there was something to this new theory of thought
transference. As if Jeff's tense whispers were reaching to him across
two hundred yards of track and open field Flitterfoot opened up a
gap between his lathered flanks and the rest of them. The others, in
a confused group, scrambled and hinged out with their hoofs; but
Flitterfoot turned into a long red elastic rubber band, stretching
himself out to twice his honest length and then snapping back again
to half. High up on his shoulder the ragged black stable boy hung,
with his knees under his chin and his shoulders hunched as though
squaring off to do a little flying himself. Twenty long yards ahead of
the nearest contender, Flitterfoot scooted over the line a winner.
Once across, he expeditiously bucked the crouching small
incumbrance off his withers and, with the bridle dangling, bounced
riderless back to his stable; while above the roar from the
grandstand rose the triumphant remark of Jeff: “Ain't he a regular
runnin' and a-jumpin' fool!”
The really important business of the day to most, however,
centered about the harness events, which was only natural, this
being an end of the state where they raised the standard breds as
distinguished from the section whence came the thoroughbreds. A
running race might do for an appetizer, like a toddy before dinner;
but the big interest would focus in the two-twenty pace and the
free-for-all consolation, and finally would culminate in the County
Trot—open only to horses bred and owned in the county and
carrying with it a purse of two thousand dollars—big money for that
country—and a dented and tarnished silver trophy that was nearly
fifty years old, and valued accordingly.
After the half-mile dash and before the first heat of the two-
twenty pace there was a balloon ascension and parachute drop.
Judge Priest's Jeff was everywhere that things were happening. He
did two men's part in holding the bulging bag down to earth until
the spangled aeronaut yelled out for everybody to let go. When the
man dropped, away over by the back fence, Jeff was first on the
spot to brush him off and to inquire in a voice of respectful solicitude

71. how he was feeling, now that he'd come down. Up in the
grandstand, Mrs. Major Joe Sam Covington, who was stout and wore
a cameo breastpin as big as a coffee saucer at her throat, expressed
to nobody in particular a desire for a glass of cool water; and almost
instantly, it seemed, Judge Priest's Jeff was at her side bowing low
and ceremoniously with a brimming dipper in one hand and an itch
for the coming tip in the other. When the veterans adjourned back
behind Floral Hall for a watermelon cutting, Jeff, grinning and
obsequious, arrived at exactly the properly timed moment to receive
a whole butt-end of red-hearted, green-rinded lusciousness for his
own. Taking the opportunity of a crowded minute about Uncle Isom
Woolfolk's barbecued meat stand he bought extensively, and paid for
what he bought with a lead half dollar that he had been saving for
months against just such a golden chance—a half dollar so palpably
leaden that Uncle Isom, discovering it half an hour later, was thrown
into a state of intense rage, followed by a period of settled
melancholy, coupled with general suspicion of all mankind. Most
especially, though, Judge Priest's Jeff concerned himself with the
running of the County Trot, being minded to turn his earlier winnings
over and over again.
From the outset Jeff, like most of the fair crowd, had favored Van
Wallace's black mare, Minnie May, against the only other entry for
the race, Jackson Berry's big roan trotting stallion, Blandville Boy.
The judgment of the multitude stood up, too, for the first two heats
of the County Trot, alternating in between heats of the two-twenty
pace and the free-for-all, were won handily by the smooth-gaited
mare. Blandville Boy was feeling his oats and his grooming, and he
broke badly each time, for all the hobble harness of leather that was
buckled over and under him. Nearly everybody was now betting on
Minnie May to take the third and the decisive heat.
Waiting for it, the crowd spread over the grounds, leaving wide
patches of the grandstand empty. The sideshows and the medicine
venders enjoyed heavy patronage, and once more the stalled ox and
the fatted pig were surrounded by admiring groups. There was a
thick jam about the crowning artistic gem of Floral Hall—a crazy quilt

72. with eight thousand different pieces of silk in it, mainly of acutely
jarring shades, so that the whole was a thing calculated to blind the
eye and benumb the mind.
The city marshal forcibly calmed down certain exhilarated young
bucks from the country—they would be sure to fire off their pistols
and yell into every dooryard as they tore home that night, careening
in their dusty buggies; but now they were made to restrain
themselves. Bananas and cocoanuts advanced steadily in price as
the visible supply shrank. There is a type of Southern countryman
who, coming to town for a circus day or a fair, first eats extensively
of bananas—red bananas preferred; and then, when the raw edge of
his hunger is abated, he buys a cocoanut and, after punching out
one of its eyes and drinking the sweet milky whey, cracks the shell
apart and gorges on the white meat. By now the grass was
cumbered with many shattered cocoanut shells, like broken shards;
and banana peels, both red and yellow, lay wilted and limp
everywhere in the litter underfoot.
The steam Flyin' Jinny—it would be a carousel farther North—
ground unendingly, loaded to its gunwales with family groups. Crap
games started in remote spots and fights broke out. In a far shadow
of the fence behind the stables one darky with brass knuckles felled
another, then broke and ran. He scuttled over the fence like a fox
squirrel, with a bullet from a constable's big blue-barreled revolver
spatting into the paling six indies below him as he scaled the top and
lit flying on the other side. Sergeant Jimmy Bagby, dragging his
Springfield by the barrel, began a long story touching on what he
once heard General Buckner say to General Breckinridge, went to
sleep in the middle of it, enjoyed a refreshing nap of twenty
minutes, woke up with a start and resumed the anecdote at the
exact point where he left off—“An' 'en General Breckinridge he says
to General Buckner, he says, 'General—'”
But Judge Priest's Jeff disentangled himself from the center of
things, and took a quiet walk up toward the stables to see what
might be seen and to hear what might be heard, as befitting one
who was speculating heavily and needed all available information to

73. guide him. What he saw was Van Wallace, owner of the mare, and
Jackson Berry, owner of the studhorse, slipping furtively into an
empty feed-shed. As they vanished within Van Wallace looked about
him cautiously, but Jeff had already dived to shelter alongside the
shed and was squatting on a pile of stable scrapings, where a swarm
of flies flickered above an empty pint flask and watermelon rinds
were curling up and drying in the sun like old shoesoles. Jeff had
seen something. Now he applied his ear to a crack between the
planks of the feedshed and heard something.
For two minutes the supposed rivals confabbed busily in the
shelter of a broken hay-'rack. Then, suddenly taking alarm without
cause, they both poked their heads out at the door and looked about
them searchingly—right and left. There wasn't time for Jeff to get
away. He only had a second's or two seconds' warning; but all the
conspirators saw as they issued forth from the scene of their intrigue
was a small darky in clothes much too large for him lying alongside
the shed in a sprawled huddle, with one loose sleeve over his face
and one black forefinger shoved like a snake's head down the neck
of a flat pocket-flask. Above this figure the flies were buzzing in a
greedy cloud.
“Just some nigger full of gin that fell down there to sleep it off,”
said Van Wallace. And he would have gone on; but Berry, who was a
tall red-faced, horsy man—a blusterer on the surface and a born
coward inside—booted the sleeper in the ribs with his toe.
“Here, boy!” he commanded. “Wake up here!” And he nudged him
again hard.
The negro only flinched from the kicks, then rolled farther over on
his side and mumbled through a snore.
“Couldn't hear it thunder,” said Berry reassured. “Well, let's get
away from here.”
“You bet!” said Van Wallace fervently. “No use takin' chances by
bein' caught talkin' together. Anyhow, they'll be ringing the startin'
bell in a minute or two.”

74. “Don't forget, now!” counseled Berry as Wallace started off,
making by a roundabout and devious way for his own stable, where
Minnie May, hitched to her sulky and with her legs bandaged, was
being walked back and forth by a stable boy.
“Don't you worry; I won't!” said Wallace; and Berry grinned
joyously and vanished in the opposite direction, behind the handy
feedshed.
On the instant that both of them disappeared Judge Priest's Jeff
rose to his feet, magically changing from a drunken darky to an alert
and flying black Mercury. His feet hardly hit the high places as he
streaked it for the grandstand—looking for Judge Priest as hard as
he could look.
Nearly there he ran into Captain Buck Owings. Captain Buck
Owings was a quiet, grayish man, who from time to time in the
course of a busy life as a steamboat pilot and master had had
occasion to shoot at or into divers persons. Captain Buck Owings
had a magnificent capacity for attending strictly to his own business
and not allowing anybody else to attend to it. He was commonly
classified as dangerous when irritated—and tolerably easy to irritate.
“Cap'n Buck! Cap'n Buck!” sputtered
Jeff, so excited that he stuttered. “P-please, suh, is you seen my
boss—Jedge Priest? I suttinly must see him right away. This here
next heat is goin' to be thro wed.”
It was rarely that Captain Buck Owings raised his voice above a
low, deliberate drawl. He raised it a trifle now.
“What's that, boy?” he demanded. “Who's goin' to throw this
race?”
He caught up with Jeff and hurried along by him, Jeff explaining
what he knew in half a dozen panted sentences. As Captain Buck
Owings' mind took in the situation, Captain Buck Owings' gray eyes
began to flicker a little.
Nowhere in sight was there any one who looked like the judge.
Indeed, there were few persons at all to be seen on the scarred
green turf across which they sped and those few were hurrying to

75. join the crowds that packed thick upon the seats of the grandstand,
and thicker along the infield fence and the homestretch. Somewhere
beyond, the stable bell jangled. The little betting ring was empty
almost and the lone bookmaker was turning his blackboard down.
His customary luck served Jeff in this crisis, however. From
beneath a cuddy under the grandstand that bore a blue board
lettered with the word “Refreshments” appeared the large, slow-
moving form of the old judge. He was wiping his mouth with an
enormous handkerchief as he headed deliberately for the infield
fence. His venerable and benevolent pink face shone afar and Jeff
literally flung himself at him.
“Oh, Jedge!” he yelled. “Oh, Jedge; please, suh, wait jes' a
minute!”
In some respects Judge Priest might be said to resemble Kipling's
East Indian elephant. He was large as to bulk and conservative as to
his bodily movements; he never seemed to hurry, and yet when he
set out to arrive at a given place in a given time he would be there
in due season. He faced about and propelled himself toward the
queerly matched pair approaching him with such haste.
As they met, Captain Buck Owings began to speak and his voice
was back again at its level monotone, except that it had a little
steaming sound in it, as though Captain Buck Owings were
beginning to seethe and simmer gently somewhere down inside of
himself.
“Judge Priest, suh,” said Captain Buck, “it looks like there'd be
some tall swindlin' done round here soon unless we can stop it. This
boy of yours heard something. Jeff tell the judge what you heard
just now.” And Jeff told, the words bubbling out of him in a stream:
“It's done all fixed up betwixt them w'ite gen'lemen. That there Mr.
Jackson Berry he's been tormentin' the stallion ontwell he break and
lose the fust two heats. Now, w'en the money is all on the mare,
they goin' to turn round and do it the other way. Over on the
backstretch that Mr. Van Wallace he's goin' to spite and tease Minnie

76. May ontwell she go all to pieces, so the stallion'll be jest natchelly
bound to win; an' 'en they'll split up the money amongst 'em!”
“Ah-hah!” said Judge Priest; “the infernal scoundrels!” Even in this
emergency his manner of speaking was almost deliberate; but he
glanced toward the bookmaker's block and made as if to go toward
it.
“That there Yankee bookmaker gen'leman he's into it too,” added
Jeff. “I p'intedly heared 'em both mention his name.”
“I might speak a few words in a kind of a warnin' way to those
two,” purred Captain Buck Owings. “I've got a right smart money
adventured on this trottin' race myself.” And he turned toward the
track.
“Too late for that either, son,” said the old judge, pointing. “Look
yonder!”
A joyful rumble was beginning to thunder from the grandstand.
The constables had cleared the track, and from up beyond came the
glint of the flashing sulky-spokes as the two conspirators wheeled
about to score down and be off.
“Then I think maybe I'll have to attend to 'em personally after the
race,” said Captain Buck Owings in a resigned tone.
“Son,” counseled Judge Priest, “I'd hate mightily to see you
brought up for trial before me for shootin' a rascal—especially after
the mischief was done. I'd hate that mightily—I would so.”
“But, Judge,” protested Captain Buck Owings, “I may have to do
it! It oughter be done. Nearly everybody here has bet on Minnie
May. It's plain robbin' and stealin'!”
“That's so,” assented the judge as Jeff danced a dog of excitement
just behind him—“that's so. It's bad enough for those two to be
robbin' their own fellow-citizens; but it's mainly the shame on our
county fair I'm thinkin' of.” The old judge had been a director and a
stockholder of the County Jockey Club for twenty years or more.
Until now its record had been clean. “Tryin' to declare the result off
afterward wouldn't do much good. It would be the word of three

77. white men against a nigger—and nobody would believe the nigger,”
added Captain Buck Owings, finishing the sentence for him.
“And the scandal would remain jest the same,” bemoaned the old
judge. “Buck, my son, unless we could do something before the race
it looks like it's hopeless. Ah!”
The roar from the grandstand above their heads deepened, then
broke up into babblings and exclamations. The two trotters had
swung past the mark, but Minnie May had slipped a length ahead at
the tape and the judges had sent them back again. There would be
a minute or two more of grace anyhow. The eyes of all three
followed the nodding heads of the horses back up the stretch. Then
Judge Priest, still watching, reached out for Jeff and dragged him
round in front of him, dangling in his grip like a hooked black eel.
“Jeff, don't I see a gate up yonder in the track fence right at the
first turn?” he asked.
“Yas, suh,” said Jeff eagerly. “'Tain't locked neither. I come through
it myse'f today. It opens on to a little road whut leads out past the
stables to the big pike. I kin—”
The old judge dropped his wriggling servitor and had Captain Buck
Owings by the shoulder with one hand and was pointing with the
other up the track, and was speaking, explaining something or other
in a voice unusually brisk for him.
“See yonder, son!” he was saying. “The big oak on the inside—and
the gate is jest across from it!”
Comprehension lit up the steamboat captain's face, but the light
went out as he slapped his hand back to his hip pocket—and slapped
it flat.
“I knew I'd forgot something!” he lamented, despairingly. “Needin'
one worse than I ever did in my whole life—and then I leave mine
home in my other pants!”
He shot the judge a look. The judge shook his head.
“Son,” he said, “the circuit judge of the first judicial district of
Kintucky don't tote such things.”

78. Captain Buck Owings raised a clenched fist to the blue sky above
and swore impotently. For the third time the grandstand crowd was
starting its roar. Judge Priest's head began to waggle with little
sidewise motions.
Sergeant Jimmy Bagby, late of King's Hell hounds, rambled with
weaving indirectness round the corner of the grandstand not twenty
feet from them. His gangrened cartridge-box was trying to climb up
over his left shoulder from behind, his eyes were heavy with a warm
and comforting drowsiness, and his Springfield's iron butt-plate was
scurfing up the dust a yard behind him as he hauled the musket
along by the muzzle.
The judge saw him first; but, even as he spoke and pointed,
Captain Buck Owings caught the meaning and jumped. There was a
swirl of arms and legs as they struck, and Sergeant Jimmy Bagby,
sorely shocked, staggered back against the wall with a loud grunt of
surprise and indignation.
Half a second later, side by side, Captain Buck Owings and Judge
Priest's Jeff sped northward across the earth, and Sergeant Jimmy
Bagby staggered toward the only comforter near at hand, with his
two empty arms upraised. Filled with a great and sudden sense of
loss he fell upon Judge Priest's neck, almost bearing his commander
down by the weight of his grief.
“Carried her four years!” he exclaimed piteously; “four endurin'
years, Judge, and not a single dam' Yankee ever laid his hand on
her! Carried her ever since, and nobody ever dared to touch her!
And now to lose her this away!”
His voice, which had risen to a bleat, sank to a sob and he wept
unrestrainedly on the old judge's shoulder. It looked as though these
two old men were wrestling together, catch-as-catch-can.
The judge tried to shake his distressed friend off, but the sergeant
clung fast. Over the bent shoulders of the other the judge saw the
wheels flash by, going south, horses and drivers evened up. The
“Go!” of the starting judge was instantly caught up by five hundred
spectators and swallowed in a crackling yell. Oblivious of all these

79. things the sergeant raised his sorrowing head and a melancholy
satisfaction shone through his tears.
“I lost her,” he said; “but, by gum, Judge, it took all four of 'em to
git her away from me, didn't it?”
None, perhaps, in all that crowd except old Judge Priest saw the
two fleeting figures speeding north. All other eyes there were turned
to the south, where the county's rival trotters swung round the first
turn, traveling together like teammates. None marked Captain Buck
Owings as, strangely cumbered, he scuttled across the track from
the outer side to the inner and dived like a rabbit under the fence at
the head of the homestretch, where a big oak tree with a three-foot
bole cast its lengthening shadows across the course. None marked
Judge Priest's Jeff coiling down like a black-snake behind an
unlatched wooden gate almost opposite where the tree stood.
None marked these things, because at this moment something
direful happened. Minnie May, the favorite, was breaking badly on
the back length. Almost up on her hindlegs she lunged out ahead of
her with her forefeet, like a boxer. That far away it looked to the
grandstand crowds as though Van Wallace had lost his head entirely.
One instant he was savagely lashing the mare along the flanks, the
next he was pulling her until he was stretched out flat on his back,
with his head back between the painted sulky wheels. And Blandville
Boy, steady as a clock, was drawing ahead and making a long gap
between them.
Blandville Boy came on grandly—far ahead at the half; still farther
ahead nearing the three-quarters. All need for breaking her gait
being now over, crafty Van Wallace had steadied the mare and again
she trotted perfectly—trotted fast too; but the mischief was done
and she was hopelessly out of it, being sure to be beaten and lucky
if she saved being distanced.
The whole thing had worked beautifully, without a hitch. This
thought was singing high in Jackson Berry's mind as he steered the
stud-horse past the three-quarter post and saw just beyond the last
turn the straightaway of the homestretch, opening up empty and

80. white ahead of him. And then, seventy-five yards away, he beheld a
most horrifying apparition!
Against a big oak at the inner-track fence, sheltered from the view
of all behind, but in full sight of the turn, stood Captain Buck
Owings, drawing down on him with a huge and hideous firearm.
How was Jackson Berry, thus rudely jarred from pleasing prospects,
to know that Sergeant Jimmy Bagby's old Springfield musket hadn't
been fired since Appomattox—that its lode was a solid mass of
corroded metal, its stock worm-eaten walnut and its barrel choked
up thick with forty years of rust! All Jackson Berry knew was that the
fearsome muzzle of an awful weapon was following him as he
moved down toward it and that behind the tall mule's ear of a
hammer and the brass guard of the trigger he saw the cold,
forbidding gray of Captain Buck Owings' face and the colder, more
forbidding, even grayer eye of Captain Buck Owings—a man known
to be dangerous when irritated—and tolerably easy to irritate!
Before that menacing aim and posture Jackson Berry's flesh
turned to wine jelly and quivered on his bones. His eyes bulged out
on his cheeks and his cheeks went white to match his eyes. Had it
not been for the stallion's stern between them, his knees would have
knocked together. Involuntarily he drew back on the reins, hauling in
desperately until Blandville Boy's jaws were pulled apart like the red
painted mouth of a hobby-horse and his forelegs sawed the air. The
horse was fighting to keep on to the nearing finish, but the man
could feel the slugs of lead in his flinching body.
And then—and then—fifty scant feet ahead of him and a scanter
twenty above where the armed madman stood—a wide gate flew
open; and, as this gap of salvation broke into the line of the
encompassing fence, the welcome clarion of Judge Priest's Jeff rose
in a shriek: “This way out, boss—this way out!”
It was a time for quick thinking; and to persons as totally, wholly
scared as Jackson Berry was, thinking comes wondrous easy. One
despairing half-glance he threw upon the goal just ahead of him and
the other half on that unwavering rifle-muzzle, now looming so dose
that he could catch the glint of its sights. Throwing himself far back

81. in his reeling sulky Jackson Berry gave a desperate yank on the lines
that lifted the sorely pestered stallion clear out of his stride, then
sawed on the right-hand rein until he swung the horse's head
through the opening, grazing one wheel against a gatepost—and
was gone past the whooping Jeff, lickety-split, down the dirt road,
through the dust and out on the big road toward town.
Jeff slammed the gate shut and vanished instantly. Captain Buck
Owings dropped his weapon into the long, rank grass and slid round
the treetrunk. And half a minute later Van Wallace, all discomfited
and puzzled, with all his fine hopes dished and dashed, sorely
against his own will jogged Minnie May a winner past a grandstand
that recovered from its dumb astonishment in ample time to rise and
yell its approval of the result.
Judge Priest being a childless widower of many years' standing,
his household was administered for him by Jeff as general manager,
and by Aunt Dilsey Turner as kitchen goddess. Between them the old
judge fared well and they fared better. Aunt Dilsey was a master
hand at a cookstove; but she went home at night, no matter what
the state of the weather, wearing one of those long, wide capes—
dolmans, I think they used to call them—that hung dear down to the
knees, hiding the wearer's hands and whatsoever the hands might
be carrying.
It was a fad of Aunt Dilsey's to bring one covered splint basket
and one close-mouthed tin bucket with her when she came to work
in the morning, and to take both of them away with her—under her
dolman cape—at night; and in her cabin on Plunkett's Hill she had a
large family of her own and two paying boarders, all of whom had
the appearance of being well nourished. If you, reader, are
Southern-born, these seemingly trivial details may convey a meaning
to your understanding.

82. So Aunt Dilsey Turner looked after the judge's wants from the big
old kitchen that was detached from the rest of the rambling white
house, and Jeff had the run of his sideboard, his tobacco caddy, and
his wardrobe. The judge was kept comfortable and they were kept
happy, each respecting the other's property rights.
It was nine o'clock in the evening of the last day of the county fair.
The judge, mellowly comfortable in his shirtsleeves, reclined in a big
easy rocking-chair in his sitting room. There was a small fire of
hickory wood in the fireplace and the little flames bickered together
and the embers popped as they charred a dimmer red. The old
judge was smoking his homemade corncob pipe with the long cane
stem, and sending smoke wreaths aloft to shred away like cobweb
skeins against the dingy ceiling.
“Jeff!” he called to a black shadow fidgeting about in the
background.
“Yas, suh, Jedge; right yere!”
“Jeff, if your discernin' taste in handmade sour-mash whisky has
permitted any of that last batch of liquor I bought to remain in the
demijohn, I wish you'd mix me up a little toddy.”
Jeff snickered and mixed the toddy, mixing it more hurriedly then
common, because he was anxious to be gone. It was Saturday night
—a night dedicated by long usage to his people; and in Jeff's pocket
was more ready money than his pocket had ever held before at any
one time. Moreover, in the interval between dusk and dark, Jeff's
wardrobe had been most grandly garnished. Above Mr. Clay
Saunders' former blue serge coat a crimson necktie burned like a
beacon, and below the creased legs of Mr. Otterbuck's late pearl-
gray trousers now appeared a pair of new patent-leather shoes with
pointed toes turned up at the ends like sleigh-runners and cloth
uppers in the effective colors of the Douglas plaid and rows of 24-
point white pearl buttons.
Assuredly Jeff was anxious to be on his way. He placed the filled
toddy glass at the old judge's elbow and sought unostentatiously to
withdraw himself.

83. “Jeff!” said the judge.
“Yas, suh.”
“I believe Mr. Jackson Berry did not see fit to return to the fair
grounds this evenin' and protest the result of the third heat?”
“No, suh,” said Jeff; “frum whut I heared some of the w'ite folks
sayin', he driv right straight home and went to bed and had a sort of
a chill.”
“Ah-hah!” said the judge, sipping reflectively. Jeff fidgeted and
drew nearer a halfopen window, listening out into the maple-lined
street. Two blocks down the street he could hear the colored brass
band playing in front of the Colored Odd Fellows Hall for a “festibul.”
“Jeff,” said Judge Priest musingly, “violence or a show of violence
is always to be deplored.” Jeff had only a hazy idea of what the old
judge meant by that, but in all his professional life Jeff had never
intentionally disagreed in conversation with any white adult—let
alone a generous employer. So:
“Yas, suh,” assented Jeff promptly; “it suttinly is.”
“But there are times and places,” went on the old judge, “when it
is necessary.”
“Yas, suh,” said Jeff, catching the drift—“lak at a racetrack!”
“Ah-hah! Quite so,” said Judge Priest, nodding. “And, Jeff, did it
ever occur to you that there are better ways of killin' a cat than by
chokin' him with butter?”
“Indeed yas, suh,” said Jeff. “Sometimes you kin do it best with
one of these yere ole rusty Confedrit guns!”
At that precise moment, in a little house on the next street,
Sergeant Jimmy Bagby's family, having prevailed upon him to
remove his shoes and his cartridge-belt before retiring, were
severally engaged in an attempt to dissuade him from a firmly
expressed purpose of taking his Springfield musket to bed with him.

85. W
III. FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS
REWARD
E had a feud once down in our country, not one of those
sanguinary feuds of the mountains involving a whole district
and forcing constant enlargements of hillside burying
grounds, nor yet a feud handed down as a deadly legacy
from one generation to another until its origin is forgotten and its
legatees only know how they hate without knowing why, but a
shabby, small neighborhood vendetta affecting but two families only,
and those in a far corner of the county—the Flemings and the
Faxons.
Nevertheless, this feud, such as it was, persisted in a sluggish
intermittent kind of a way for twenty years or so. It started in a
dispute over a line boundary away back in War Times when a Faxon
shot a Fleming and was in turn shot by another Fleming; and it
lasted until the Faxons tired of fence-corner, briar-patch warfare and
moved down into Tennessee, all but one branch of them, who came
into town and settled there, leaving the Flemings dominant in the
Gum Spring precinct. So the feud ceased to be an institution after
that and became a memory, living only in certain smouldering
animosities which manifested themselves at local elections and the
like, until it flared up momentarily in the taking-off of old Ranee
Fleming at the hands of young Jim Faxon; and then it died, and died
for good.
It is the manner of the taking-off of this one of the Flemings that
makes material for the story I am telling here. By all accounts it
would appear that the Faxons had been rather a weak-spined race
who fought mostly on the defensive and were lacking in that
malignant persistency that made old Ranee Fleming's name one to
scare bad children with in the unsettled days following the

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