The document discusses the Code of Hammurabi, a major set of laws established in Mesopotamia in 1750 BC by King Hammurabi of Babylon. The Code consisted of 282 laws that detailed punishments, including loss of limbs, for different classes of people who committed various offenses. The Code was inscribed on a large stone stele and influenced Mesopotamians to accept the king's authority. It is now housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris.