"Mentorship in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry" Invited presentation at the AACAP Two Day Mentorship Program AACAP Annual Meeting Seattle, WA, USA 26.10.2018

1. Mentoring in Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD,
PhD
Professor of Psychiatry
Two Day Mentoring
Program
AACAP 65th Annual Meeting
Seattle, WA, USA
October 25-26, 2018

2. Conflicts of Interest
The presenter has no financial
conflicts of interest to declare

3. Telemachus
& Mentor in
The Odyssey

4. Dr. Jeanne Spurlock

5. Key Mentors
Raymond Prince, MD, MSc (1925-2012)
Co-Founder & Director
Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry
Professor of Psychiatry, McGill University
Mara Selvini Palazzoli, MD (1916-1999)
Founder & Director
Center for the Study of the Family
Professor of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Milan

6. Mentors in Child, Family & Cultural Psychiatry
Jeanne Spurlock
Michael Rutter Naomi Rae-GrantRay
Prince
Bart Blinder
Mara Selvini Palazzoli
Eliot
Sorel
Sam Okpaku
Maurizio
Andolfi
Richard Mollica
Gaby
Weiss

7. Vincenzo Di Nicola
• APA – Montreal, QC & Washington, DC
• CLM – Career, Leadership & Mentoring Group –
Washington Psychiatric Society, DC
• SSPC – Society for the Study of Psychiatry & Culture
• SPTF – Sociedade Portuguesa de Terapia Familiar –
Lisbon, Portugal
• ABRATEF/AGATEF/Accademia di Psicoterapia della
Famiglia – Family therapy associations –
Brazil & Italy

8. Pedagogy of the Future - 1899

9. Questions
• Who here already has or has had a mentor?
• Who has already been in the role of mentor?
• Do your academic programs offer mentoring
for medical students, residents, CAP fellows
or for ECPs?
• Think of the benefits and difficulties you have
experienced around mentoring.

10. Pygmalion
with Galatea

12. Clinical/Research
Supervision vs. Mentoring
• Reciprocity/transformation of identities
• For the mentor, the goal is to share/transmit his/her
professional legacy and influence the mentee’s
growth and change without affecting their
productivity
• Evaluation (supervision) vs.
informal exchange (mentoring)
• Objectivity vs. subjectivity

13. • Not always a choice vs. free choice
• Set duration vs. open-ended
• Focussed on a task vs. more open and more
personalized sharing
• Potential conflicts
Clinical/Research
Supervision vs. Mentoring

14. Mentoring as a Mirror

15. • Peer relation vs. hierarchical relationship
• Comment: discomfort with hierarchy
• Symmetry vs. mirroring
• Exchange/sharing vs. skills transfer
• Comment : Symmetry vs. asymmetry
• Symmetry – I and Thou (Martin Buber)
• Asymmetry – Face to face encounter
(Emmanuel Levinas)
Clinical/Research
Supervision vs. Mentoring

16. “The two most frequent barriers among
residents without mentors were never
having thought about approaching
someone and being afraid to
approach someone.”
– Ramanan, et al. (2006)

17. Mentoring is a relation
• Importance of good chemistry between
the two members of the mentoring pair
• Assigning vs. spontaneous links?
– Jackson et al. (2003)

18. 1. Question
• What is the main obstacle reported to establishing a
relationship?
1. Lack of interest
2. Lack of time
3. Risk of overinvestment due to the fact that so
few early-career psychiatrists seek an academic
career
4. Relational problems that may emerge

19. 1. Answer
• What is the main obstacle reported to establishing a
relationship?
1. Lack of interest
2. Lack of time
3. Risk of overinvestment due to the fact that so
few early-career psychiatrists seek an academic
career
4. Relational problems that may emerge

20. 2. Question
In what ways can mentoring be helpful?
1. Career development
2. Promotion and protection
3. Psychosocial support
4. Role-modeling
5. Professional faculty development

21. 2. Answer
In what ways can mentoring be helpful?
1. Career development
2. Promotion and protection
3. Psychosocial support
4. Role-modeling
5. Professional faculty development

22. Selected References
• Daly N & Di Nicola V (2018). Global mentoring for Global Mental
Health. Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Newsletter, 4(1): 4-5.
• Healy CC & Welchert AJ (1990). Mentoring relations: A definition to
advance research and practice. Educational Researcher, 19(9): 17-21.
• Higgins MC & Kram KE (2001). Reconceptualising mentoring at work: a
developmental network perspective. Acad Manage Rev, 26: 264–88.
• Jackson VA, et al. (2003). Having the right chemistry: A qualitative
study of mentoring in academic medicine. Academic Medicine, 78(3):
328-334.
• Kram KE (1985). Mentoring at Work: Developmental Relationships in
Organizational Life. Glenview, IL: Pearson Scott Foresman.
• Lis LD, Wood, WC, Petkova E & Shatkin J (2009). Mentoring in
psychiatric residency programs. Academic Psychiatry, 33: 307–312.

23. Selected References
• Ramanan RA, Taylor WC, Davis RB & Phillips RS (2006). Mentoring
matters: mentoring and career preparation in internal medicine residency
training. J Gen Intern Med, 21: 340–5.
• Sambunjak D, Straus SE & Marusic A (2006). Mentoring in academic
medicine. A systematic review. JAMA, 296: 1103–15.
• Stamm M & Buddeberg-Fischer B (2011). The impact of mentoring during
postgraduate training on doctors’ career success. Medical Education, 45:
488-496.
• Straus SE, Chatur F & Taylor M (2009). Issues in the mentor-mentee
relationship in academic medicine: A Qualitative Study. Academic
Medicine, 84(1): 135-139.
• Straus SE, Johnson MO, Marquez C & Feldman MD (2013). Characteristics
of successful and failed mentoring relationships: A qualitative study across
two academic centers. Academic Medicine, 88(1): 82-89.