1) The document discusses mentally challenged children, defining them as children with below average intelligence and difficulties meeting everyday demands. Approximately 2-3% of the population is mentally challenged.
2) It describes various classifications of mental challenges based on IQ scores and discusses causes like genetic factors, pregnancy/birth complications, illnesses, and psychosocial deprivation.
3) Signs of mental challenges in children include delayed milestones, poor academic performance, and behavioral issues. Diagnosis involves standardized tests while treatment focuses on education, therapy, and lifestyle adaptations. Prevention emphasizes prenatal care, childhood nutrition/stimulation, and early detection.
This document discusses cognitive developmental delay and mental retardation in children. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors. Common causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, environmental factors like exposure to toxins, and brain injuries. Symptoms in infants may include poor feeding and muscle tone issues, while toddlers may show delays in skills like walking, language, and self-care. Diagnosis involves developmental assessments, medical exams, and psychological testing to measure cognitive abilities. Management requires a team approach and treats any underlying medical conditions while providing family support, education/therapy programs, and community resources.
The term “mentally handicap” is now used for the conduction “mental retardation”.
At least 2 to 3 % of Indian population are mentally handicapped in any form.
Mental handicapped is the significantly sub average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior manifested during the developmental period.
It includes the learning disability, poor maturation and social mal adjustment in combination.
1. Intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors that arise during the developmental period.
2. It occurs in 2.5-3% of the population and has various genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and environmental/sociocultural causes.
3. Treatment involves prevention efforts, educational/psychological interventions to improve functioning, and programs to promote independence and community integration.
Children's mental and emotional health issues can negatively impact their development in several key ways:
Physically, living with an undiagnosed illness can decrease children's desire or ability to be active and lead to poor diet and physical health over time. Socially and emotionally, children may experience a lack of motivation, risky behaviors, and difficulties with relationships. Cognitively, developmental delays or difficulties with language skills can interfere with normal cognitive development processes.
Effective treatment approaches depend on each individual child but may include medication management from psychiatrists, therapy from psychologists or social workers, and coping techniques tailored for their specific diagnoses like taking breaks for anxiety or using fidget toys for ADHD. Supporting healthy physical
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, causes, types, and ways to support individuals. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and adaptive deficits appearing by age 18. Causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, infections, problems during pregnancy or birth. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Individuals in each category have different abilities and support needs. The document advocates for inclusive programming and community support to help those with mental retardation develop skills and fitness.
Physical education and sports for cwsn class XII-UNIT 4 PPTKirtiSharma253
This document provides information about various disabilities and disorders. It discusses cognitive disabilities, intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, and psychiatric disabilities. It then describes specific disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). For each disorder, it discusses symptoms, causes, and impact. The document is an educational resource about different types of disabilities and disorders.
Mental Retardation and other child psychiatric disordersSathish Rajamani
This document discusses childhood and adolescent disorders including mental deficiency. It begins by defining mental retardation (MR) and outlining the different levels of MR based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. It then discusses the causes of MR which can be prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal/environmental factors. The signs and symptoms of MR are described. The diagnosis and treatment of MR is also summarized, including behavioral management, environmental supervision, and vocational training. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Other disorders of psychological development like dyslexia, dysphasia, and ADHD are briefly mentioned.
This document provides information on childhood psychiatric disorders, with a focus on mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It states that psychiatric disorders among children are serious changes in emotions, behavior, or relationships that cause distress. Worldwide, 10-20% of children experience mental disorders. Common childhood psychiatric disorders include intellectual disability, ADHD, emotional disorders like separation anxiety, and behavioral/emotional disorders like enuresis and sleep disorders. The document discusses the classification, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, and prevention of mental retardation and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-V criteria.
This document discusses cognitive developmental delay and mental retardation in children. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors. Common causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, environmental factors like exposure to toxins, and brain injuries. Symptoms in infants may include poor feeding and muscle tone issues, while toddlers may show delays in skills like walking, language, and self-care. Diagnosis involves developmental assessments, medical exams, and psychological testing to measure cognitive abilities. Management requires a team approach and treats any underlying medical conditions while providing family support, education/therapy programs, and community resources.
The term “mentally handicap” is now used for the conduction “mental retardation”.
At least 2 to 3 % of Indian population are mentally handicapped in any form.
Mental handicapped is the significantly sub average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior manifested during the developmental period.
It includes the learning disability, poor maturation and social mal adjustment in combination.
1. Intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors that arise during the developmental period.
2. It occurs in 2.5-3% of the population and has various genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and environmental/sociocultural causes.
3. Treatment involves prevention efforts, educational/psychological interventions to improve functioning, and programs to promote independence and community integration.
Children's mental and emotional health issues can negatively impact their development in several key ways:
Physically, living with an undiagnosed illness can decrease children's desire or ability to be active and lead to poor diet and physical health over time. Socially and emotionally, children may experience a lack of motivation, risky behaviors, and difficulties with relationships. Cognitively, developmental delays or difficulties with language skills can interfere with normal cognitive development processes.
Effective treatment approaches depend on each individual child but may include medication management from psychiatrists, therapy from psychologists or social workers, and coping techniques tailored for their specific diagnoses like taking breaks for anxiety or using fidget toys for ADHD. Supporting healthy physical
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, causes, types, and ways to support individuals. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and adaptive deficits appearing by age 18. Causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, infections, problems during pregnancy or birth. Mental retardation is classified by IQ scores into mild, moderate, severe and profound. Individuals in each category have different abilities and support needs. The document advocates for inclusive programming and community support to help those with mental retardation develop skills and fitness.
Physical education and sports for cwsn class XII-UNIT 4 PPTKirtiSharma253
This document provides information about various disabilities and disorders. It discusses cognitive disabilities, intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, and psychiatric disabilities. It then describes specific disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). For each disorder, it discusses symptoms, causes, and impact. The document is an educational resource about different types of disabilities and disorders.
Mental Retardation and other child psychiatric disordersSathish Rajamani
This document discusses childhood and adolescent disorders including mental deficiency. It begins by defining mental retardation (MR) and outlining the different levels of MR based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. It then discusses the causes of MR which can be prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal/environmental factors. The signs and symptoms of MR are described. The diagnosis and treatment of MR is also summarized, including behavioral management, environmental supervision, and vocational training. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Other disorders of psychological development like dyslexia, dysphasia, and ADHD are briefly mentioned.
This document provides information on childhood psychiatric disorders, with a focus on mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It states that psychiatric disorders among children are serious changes in emotions, behavior, or relationships that cause distress. Worldwide, 10-20% of children experience mental disorders. Common childhood psychiatric disorders include intellectual disability, ADHD, emotional disorders like separation anxiety, and behavioral/emotional disorders like enuresis and sleep disorders. The document discusses the classification, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, and prevention of mental retardation and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-V criteria.
The document discusses the classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of mental retardation. It classifies mental retardation into four categories based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. The causes can be genetic, prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal factors. Diagnosis involves assessing cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and developmental milestones. Treatment focuses on education, training, behavior management, and rehabilitation to improve quality of life.
This document discusses various factors that can influence intelligence, including heredity, environment, sex, culture, socioeconomic status, race, and geographic location. It also defines different levels of mental retardation (moron, imbecile, idiot) based on IQ and maturity levels. The causes of mental retardation are discussed as being primary/endogenous (familial, genetic disorders) or secondary/exogenous (prenatal issues like Down syndrome, postnatal issues like disease or injury). Treatment methods include medical, psychological, and training/educational approaches. Giftedness is defined as those with IQs above 130 or those who perform remarkably in valuable skills, and identification methods include teacher/peer ratings, tests, grades.
Childhood psychiatric disorders can affect emotions, behavior, and relationships. They are described as serious changes that cause distress and problems. Worldwide, 10-20% of children experience mental disorders, with conditions like ADHD, intellectual disabilities, anxiety, and behavioral/emotional disorders being most common. Accurate diagnosis involves assessing development, behaviors, intelligence testing, and medical evaluations to determine the best treatment approaches like medication management, therapy, and environmental supports.
Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, is a developmental disability characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ under 70-75) and adaptive behaviors that are diagnosed before age 18. It occurs in approximately 2-3% of the population and can be caused by genetic, prenatal, childhood, and environmental factors. Mental retardation is classified by severity into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Treatment focuses on education, life skills training, supportive living, and family therapy.
Presentation on mental retardation in jammu.pdfRaqibBhat2
Mental retardation is a developmental disability characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors that are manifested before age 18. It can be caused by genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Diagnosis involves assessing cognitive abilities and functional skills. Treatment focuses on habilitation and education rather than cure, aiming to support independence and quality of life. Nursing care includes monitoring for associated conditions, facilitating developmentally-appropriate self-care, providing family education, and encouraging prevention.
This document defines intellectual disability and provides information about its symptoms, causes, criteria, levels, limitations and treatment. Intellectual disability is a term used to describe limitations in cognitive functioning and skills that are diagnosed before age 18 and involve an IQ below 70-75 as well as limitations in adaptive behaviors. Causes can include genetic conditions, injuries, diseases or unknown factors. Treatment focuses on behavior therapy, occupational therapy, counseling and in some cases medication.
This document discusses psychiatry for children and adolescents. It covers developmental disorders like mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders. It also discusses attention deficit disorders, conduct disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, and other disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse which can occur in children and adolescents. The document provides details on symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and prevalence for each of these conditions.
Mental retardation (MR) is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors.
This document provides information about children and youth with special education needs related to mental retardation. It discusses the concept and definitions of mental retardation, classifications, incidence and prevalence, causes, learning and behavioral characteristics, assessment procedures and models, educational programs and approaches. It outlines chromosomal disorders as causes of mental retardation occurring before birth, including Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. It also discusses phenylketonuria as an inborn error of metabolism that can lead to mental retardation if left untreated.
1. The document discusses intellectual and developmental disabilities and provides outdated terminology should no longer be used.
2. It presents a lesson plan on caring for patients with intellectual disabilities, covering definitions, causes, assessments, classifications, and nursing management.
3. Nursing diagnoses for patients with intellectual disabilities include risks for injury, impaired communication, self-care deficits, and caregiver role strain. Nursing management focuses on individualized care, developing skills, and collaborating with family.
During the preschool years, children experience significant physical and cognitive development. Their bodies grow stronger as muscle size increases and bones become sturdier. The brain grows rapidly, particularly areas related to motor skills, senses, and cognitive abilities. Major developmental milestones include gaining independence using the bathroom and developing hand preferences. Children's health risks include injuries, illnesses, nutrition issues like obesity, and extreme threats like abuse and neglect. Parents can support development by providing a healthy lifestyle, education on safety, and nurturing caregiving relationships.
Evaluating child with disruptive behaviourDr Wasim
This document discusses evaluating and understanding disruptive behavior in children. It begins by defining disruptive behavior and providing examples. It explains that some behaviors are developmentally normal for younger children but could become problematic depending on the child's age. Causes of disruptive behavior can be biological, psychological or social. The document provides guidance on when to seek professional help and lists disorders that can involve disruptive behaviors. It also outlines approaches to evaluating a child with disruptive behaviors.
1) The document discusses mentally challenged or mentally retarded children, defining it as significantly sub-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive behavior that manifests during development.
2) Causes of mental retardation include genetic factors like chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy, prenatal factors, and environmental factors.
3) Treatment involves behavior management, special education programs, family therapy and rehabilitation services according to the level of impairment. Prevention focuses on preconception counseling, prenatal care, and early detection/treatment of disorders.
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and concurrent impairments in adaptive behaviors that manifest during development. Causes include genetic factors, prenatal factors, infections, and environmental/socio-cultural factors. Diagnosis involves assessing intellectual functioning, adaptive behaviors, medical history, and investigations. Treatment focuses on behavior management, developing skills, family support, and prevention through prenatal care, genetic counseling, and early intervention. The goal is rehabilitation and maximizing independence according to the level of impairment.
This presentation discusses mental retardation, including its characteristics, causes, and preventative measures. Mental retardation affects 1-3% of the population and is one of the most common childhood neurologic disabilities. It is characterized by cognitive limitations such as limited memory and difficulties with pronunciation, as well as physical characteristics like unusual head shapes and slowed movements. Common causes include infections during pregnancy, blood incompatibilities between mother and baby, brain diseases, rubella infection, and chromosome abnormalities. Preventative measures include ensuring proper prenatal and birth care for the mother and baby, as well as early detection and treatment after birth. Rehabilitation efforts aim to reduce disability and maximize independent functioning for children with mental retardation.
The document provides information on various mental disorders that are usually diagnosed in childhood, including intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, communication disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. It defines the diagnostic criteria for each disorder and provides ICD coding information.
1) Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It is part of a spectrum of conditions known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
2) ASD is diagnosed based on difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors observed before age 3. There are different classifications of ASD including autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, and others.
3) Treatment for ASD is multidisciplinary and includes behavioral training, education supports, and sometimes medical interventions. However, there are significant challenges to diagnosis and support for those with ASD in Sri Lanka due to lack of awareness, services, and
1. Mental retardation is defined as deficits in general intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning, as measured by IQ scores and ability to adapt to daily living.
2. There are five types of mental retardation - mild, moderate, severe, borderline, and profound - defined by IQ scores and levels of independence. Mild accounts for 85-90% of cases.
3. Causes include genetic conditions, biochemical/metabolic disorders, prenatal and perinatal issues, health problems in early childhood, sensory deprivation, brain disorders, and miscellaneous conditions. Predisposing factors are related to socioeconomic status, environment, and care quality during development.
The document discusses the classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of mental retardation. It classifies mental retardation into four categories based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. The causes can be genetic, prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal factors. Diagnosis involves assessing cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and developmental milestones. Treatment focuses on education, training, behavior management, and rehabilitation to improve quality of life.
This document discusses various factors that can influence intelligence, including heredity, environment, sex, culture, socioeconomic status, race, and geographic location. It also defines different levels of mental retardation (moron, imbecile, idiot) based on IQ and maturity levels. The causes of mental retardation are discussed as being primary/endogenous (familial, genetic disorders) or secondary/exogenous (prenatal issues like Down syndrome, postnatal issues like disease or injury). Treatment methods include medical, psychological, and training/educational approaches. Giftedness is defined as those with IQs above 130 or those who perform remarkably in valuable skills, and identification methods include teacher/peer ratings, tests, grades.
Childhood psychiatric disorders can affect emotions, behavior, and relationships. They are described as serious changes that cause distress and problems. Worldwide, 10-20% of children experience mental disorders, with conditions like ADHD, intellectual disabilities, anxiety, and behavioral/emotional disorders being most common. Accurate diagnosis involves assessing development, behaviors, intelligence testing, and medical evaluations to determine the best treatment approaches like medication management, therapy, and environmental supports.
Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, is a developmental disability characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ under 70-75) and adaptive behaviors that are diagnosed before age 18. It occurs in approximately 2-3% of the population and can be caused by genetic, prenatal, childhood, and environmental factors. Mental retardation is classified by severity into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Treatment focuses on education, life skills training, supportive living, and family therapy.
Presentation on mental retardation in jammu.pdfRaqibBhat2
Mental retardation is a developmental disability characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors that are manifested before age 18. It can be caused by genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Diagnosis involves assessing cognitive abilities and functional skills. Treatment focuses on habilitation and education rather than cure, aiming to support independence and quality of life. Nursing care includes monitoring for associated conditions, facilitating developmentally-appropriate self-care, providing family education, and encouraging prevention.
This document defines intellectual disability and provides information about its symptoms, causes, criteria, levels, limitations and treatment. Intellectual disability is a term used to describe limitations in cognitive functioning and skills that are diagnosed before age 18 and involve an IQ below 70-75 as well as limitations in adaptive behaviors. Causes can include genetic conditions, injuries, diseases or unknown factors. Treatment focuses on behavior therapy, occupational therapy, counseling and in some cases medication.
This document discusses psychiatry for children and adolescents. It covers developmental disorders like mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders. It also discusses attention deficit disorders, conduct disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, and other disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse which can occur in children and adolescents. The document provides details on symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and prevalence for each of these conditions.
Mental retardation (MR) is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors.
This document provides information about children and youth with special education needs related to mental retardation. It discusses the concept and definitions of mental retardation, classifications, incidence and prevalence, causes, learning and behavioral characteristics, assessment procedures and models, educational programs and approaches. It outlines chromosomal disorders as causes of mental retardation occurring before birth, including Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. It also discusses phenylketonuria as an inborn error of metabolism that can lead to mental retardation if left untreated.
1. The document discusses intellectual and developmental disabilities and provides outdated terminology should no longer be used.
2. It presents a lesson plan on caring for patients with intellectual disabilities, covering definitions, causes, assessments, classifications, and nursing management.
3. Nursing diagnoses for patients with intellectual disabilities include risks for injury, impaired communication, self-care deficits, and caregiver role strain. Nursing management focuses on individualized care, developing skills, and collaborating with family.
During the preschool years, children experience significant physical and cognitive development. Their bodies grow stronger as muscle size increases and bones become sturdier. The brain grows rapidly, particularly areas related to motor skills, senses, and cognitive abilities. Major developmental milestones include gaining independence using the bathroom and developing hand preferences. Children's health risks include injuries, illnesses, nutrition issues like obesity, and extreme threats like abuse and neglect. Parents can support development by providing a healthy lifestyle, education on safety, and nurturing caregiving relationships.
Evaluating child with disruptive behaviourDr Wasim
This document discusses evaluating and understanding disruptive behavior in children. It begins by defining disruptive behavior and providing examples. It explains that some behaviors are developmentally normal for younger children but could become problematic depending on the child's age. Causes of disruptive behavior can be biological, psychological or social. The document provides guidance on when to seek professional help and lists disorders that can involve disruptive behaviors. It also outlines approaches to evaluating a child with disruptive behaviors.
1) The document discusses mentally challenged or mentally retarded children, defining it as significantly sub-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive behavior that manifests during development.
2) Causes of mental retardation include genetic factors like chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy, prenatal factors, and environmental factors.
3) Treatment involves behavior management, special education programs, family therapy and rehabilitation services according to the level of impairment. Prevention focuses on preconception counseling, prenatal care, and early detection/treatment of disorders.
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and concurrent impairments in adaptive behaviors that manifest during development. Causes include genetic factors, prenatal factors, infections, and environmental/socio-cultural factors. Diagnosis involves assessing intellectual functioning, adaptive behaviors, medical history, and investigations. Treatment focuses on behavior management, developing skills, family support, and prevention through prenatal care, genetic counseling, and early intervention. The goal is rehabilitation and maximizing independence according to the level of impairment.
This presentation discusses mental retardation, including its characteristics, causes, and preventative measures. Mental retardation affects 1-3% of the population and is one of the most common childhood neurologic disabilities. It is characterized by cognitive limitations such as limited memory and difficulties with pronunciation, as well as physical characteristics like unusual head shapes and slowed movements. Common causes include infections during pregnancy, blood incompatibilities between mother and baby, brain diseases, rubella infection, and chromosome abnormalities. Preventative measures include ensuring proper prenatal and birth care for the mother and baby, as well as early detection and treatment after birth. Rehabilitation efforts aim to reduce disability and maximize independent functioning for children with mental retardation.
The document provides information on various mental disorders that are usually diagnosed in childhood, including intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, communication disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. It defines the diagnostic criteria for each disorder and provides ICD coding information.
1) Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It is part of a spectrum of conditions known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
2) ASD is diagnosed based on difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors observed before age 3. There are different classifications of ASD including autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, and others.
3) Treatment for ASD is multidisciplinary and includes behavioral training, education supports, and sometimes medical interventions. However, there are significant challenges to diagnosis and support for those with ASD in Sri Lanka due to lack of awareness, services, and
1. Mental retardation is defined as deficits in general intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning, as measured by IQ scores and ability to adapt to daily living.
2. There are five types of mental retardation - mild, moderate, severe, borderline, and profound - defined by IQ scores and levels of independence. Mild accounts for 85-90% of cases.
3. Causes include genetic conditions, biochemical/metabolic disorders, prenatal and perinatal issues, health problems in early childhood, sensory deprivation, brain disorders, and miscellaneous conditions. Predisposing factors are related to socioeconomic status, environment, and care quality during development.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
1. JNPE, June 2018, Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 40 –45 ISSN No. 2395-1974
40
Reviewed Article
Mentally Challenged Children
Mr. Madan Mohan Gupta
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing
Rama College of Nursing, Mandhana, Kanpur, UP, India
Abstract
Mentally challenged children refer to those children who show below average intelligence as well as
difficulties in meeting the demands of everyday life whether it be in communicating and socializing
with other or attending to grooming and domestic chores. It is a shocking and alarming fact that
approximately 2.5 to 3% of the total population are mentally challenged which in most cases is a
lifelong condition. The prevalence rate of mild mental retardation, as defined by an IQ of 50-70, was
3.71 per 1,000 populations for children. The prevalence rate of mild mental retardation in children
aged 8-19 years with an IQ of 50-69 was 3.8 per 1,000. Child abuse is found in 3.6% among the
mentally challenged children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that as many as
10-20% of all children and adolescents have some form of mental disability. The extent of the problem
in our country presents a challenge to all societies throughout the nation. Mentally challenged cannot
be cured. However, early detection, special education and training can help the mentally challenged to
lead their lives independently to a great extent.
Keyword: Intelligence, Prevalence, Mentally challenged, Mental retardation, Special education.
Introduction
Mentally challenged is a developmental disability,
which first appears in children under the age of 18. It
is defined as an intellectual functioning level I.Q.
below 70, that is well below average and significant
limitations in daily living skills (adaptive
functioning) [1].
Myths Related to Mentally Challenged
Myths or misconceptions are the wrong ideas
Mentally challenged is a mental illness.
Mentally challenged is not common.
There is nothing like mentally challenged.
Mentally challenged is always caused by
hereditary factors.
Mentally challenged can be caused by tonics
and vitamins, almonds and rich nutritious
food.
Mentally challenged is due to fate.
Mentally challenged can be fully cured.
Mentally challenged cannot be trained or
educated.
Mentally challenged is due to small size of
the brain.
Mentally challenged is due to exposure to
eclipse at the time of pregnancy or birth of
the child.
Mentally challenged can become normal in
life as they grow older.
Marriage can cure mentally challenged [2].
Classification of Mentally Challenged
Children:
All mentally challenged are not alike. They are
classified into four groups based on the I.Q. They are:
Mild (IQ 50-69) – More than 85% of kids with
the disability fall in this category and have no
trouble until shortly before high school. With an
IQ of around 55-70, they are sometimes unable
to grasp abstract concepts but can by and large
function independently. They can often acquire
academic skills up to the sixth grade level. In
adult life they are expected to attain the
intellectual level of average 8-11 year old child.
Moderate (IQ 35-49) - About 10 percent of the
mentally challenged population is considered
moderately challenged. They can carry out work
and self-care tasks with moderate supervision.
Minimal level of academic progress is possible
i.e. till 3 rd grade. In adult life this group attains
the intellectual level of average 4-7 year old
child. They typically acquire communication
skills in childhood and are able to live and
function successfully within the community in a
supervised environment such as a group home.
Severe (IQ 20-34) - About 3 to 4 percent of the
mentally challenged population is severely
challenged. They may master very basic self-care
skills like eating, toileting and some
communication skills. They have the intellectual
level of an average three years old child. They
require constant care and supervision throughout
their life.
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Profound (IQ below 20) - This is the most
severe form of disability and is also the rarest,
with only 1-2% of mentally challenged children
constitute this group. They are severely
handicapped and require extensive supervision
due to poor life skills. With regular training and
setting a routine, they may be able to pick up
essential life functions [3].
Causes of Mental Retardation in
Children
1. Causes during pregnancy
Chromosomal disorders: - Over 30% of mental
retardation is attributed to genetics.
Intake of certain drugs during pregnancy without
the advice of doctor.
Infection to the mother during pregnancy like
rubella
Cigarette smoking, consumption of alcohol,
exposure to X-rays.
Nutritional deficiency during pregnancy.
Exposure To Toxic Materials: Elements such as
mercury, lead and cadmium are known to be
linked with a reduction in intellectual growth
2. Causes at the time of birth of the child
Birth asphyxia i.e., child does not cry or cry very
late after birth.
Pre-mature birth i.e., birth before 37 weeks of
pregnancy.
Low birth weight babies (children who weigh
less than 2500 grams)
Injury to the head of the newborn. Use of forceps
can result in injury to the head.
Delayed and prolong labor
3. Causes after the birth of the child
Malnutrition or deficiency of nutrition during the
first two years of the life
Brain infection and brain injuries
Untreated epileptic fits or high grade fever with
fits
Severe dehydration during the childhood
Free exposure to gas fumes, paints, lead etc.
4. Psychosocial deprivation i.e. deprivation of love
and affection and emotional disturbances.
5. Illness: Children suffering from measles can
develop encephalitis which causes mental retardation.
Infants suffering from congenital hyperthyroidism are
also at the risk of poor brain development [4].
Characteristics of Mentally Disabled
Children
Bad Memory: These kids have a short-term
memory recall. However, when doing a task
repeatedly, they can recall information without
displaying any symptoms of mental retardation.
Slow Learning Curve: Their ability to process
new information is relatively low when
compared to other kids. That does not mean they
are incapable of learning. Some educationists are
of the view that a slowing down of the
instructions can help in better reception of the
information.
Attention Deficiency: They are unable to
sustain their attention for too long on a single
task. A good way of tackling this deficiency is
by making them aware of the most crucial aspect
of the work and then building their attention
from there on.
Disinterest: Due to repeated failures, some
children don’t trust their skills, even if they are
correct. Over time they lose faith in their abilities
and become disinterested in learning [5].
Independent Living: One of the brighter side
children with special needs can be trained in
repetitive tasks which they can master over time.
This can help them stay independent for a short
duration of time and also prepare them for
adulthood.
Inability to Restrain Emotions: As children
grow older, they can give measured responses
when faced with unknown situations. Children
with mental disabilities are unable to do this and
may respond unpredictably, usually displaying
aggression. Once the episode is over, they can
sense that they have misbehaved and are capable
of feeling like they are a burden.
Social Development: Due to bizarre outbursts
and poor language skills, they may be unable to
have healthy social interactions.
Application of New Ideas: They are unable to
incorporate any newly acquired skills,
innovatively.
Physical characteristics: Some of the
commonly seen physical characteristics in
severely mentally challenged children are: Head
is too large, slanting eyes, protruded tongue,
abnormal physical appearance and rough skin
[6].
Problems Faced By Mentally Retarded
Children
Common challenges faced by developmentally
disabled children are as follows:
Social Isolation: Perceived as slow, these kids
are often ostracized by their peers. All it takes is
one rumor, and most kids would start avoiding a
mentally disabled child. Not just those, even the
ones who try to befriend them are ridiculed
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Bullying: People fear what they can’t understand
and hate what they can’t conquer. The inability
of children or even adults to understand the
needs of a mentally disabled child can breed
hatred, fear and contempt. Many kids with
disabilities must face ridicule from their peers
and are often called unflattering names.
Low Self Esteem: Consistently poor academic
performance can have a negative impact on their
psyche. Complex topics might be difficult to
grasp for any child. However, poor academic
performance in natural subjects where their peers
outclass them may make them have a low
opinion of themselves.
Loneliness: Due to social isolation and bullying,
many children with mental disabilities suffer
from loneliness.
Medical Problems: Children that suffer from
profound mental retardation are likely to have
other health complications as well. These could
include reduced vision, hearing issues, poor
motor function, etc [6].
Signs and Symptoms of Mentally
Challenged Children
At the time of the birth, it is not possible to predict
whether the child will be normal or mentally
challenged until some complications have developed
during delivery. Within six months of the life we can
judge the normality or abnormality. Mentally
challenged children manifest various sign &
symptoms, these are as following:-
Have delayed milestones.
1) Delayed development of motor skills and are
slow to roll, sit and stand.
2) Delayed language development and are slower
to use the words, put the words together and
speak in complete sentence
Misplacing objects
Slow in responding.
Are irritable and restless.
Show disinterest in studies
Repeated academic failures
Poor academic performance
Difficulty in articulating a point
Having trouble remembering things
Difficulty with problem solving skills
Poor in social skills and learning sentences.
Do not keep up with other children of the same
age
Take long time to learn simple day to day
activities
Not able to do daily activities like dressing &
feeding.
Slow in learning or can concentrate for a short
time
Not able to learn adaptive behaviors such as self-
help or self-care skills like dressing, feeding
themselves, combing, brushing etc.
Behavioral Symptoms such as Aggression,
Depression, Anxiety, tendency to inflict injury
on self, Suicidal thoughts, Poor interpersonal
relationships, Excessive dependency on parents,
Unable to respond to situations in a measured
manner, Low attention span, explosive outbursts,
temper tantrums and physically aggressive
behaviours [7].
Diagnosis
1. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: This test
gauges quantitative reasoning, knowledge, fluid
reasoning, visual-spatial processing and memory.
It is one of the primary tests that identify
learning disorders in children.
2. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children:
This test is used to assess the cognitive
development of a child. The types of tests
administered are wide-ranging and vary based on
the age of the child. This test is not a stand-alone
test, meaning that the results of this analysis
must be seen in conjunction with other tests.
3. Bayley Scale of Infant Development: This is a
standardized test for infants between 1-42
months of age. Motor, language and cognitive
skills are tested. This, in turn, helps to screen out
children who are prone to having development
problems in the future [8].
Treatment
There is no medical “cure” for mental retardation.
However, there are ways in which you can enrich
their lives and help them have a pleasant childhood.
1. Stem Cell Therapy: This can be beneficial for
children who have Down Syndrome. While it
cannot eliminate Down Syndrome, it can help
repair any damaged cells which help in
improving their cognitive abilities.
2. Acupuncture: Studies have shown that children
who given this form of treatment saw a marked
increase in IQ tests as well as social skills.
3. Home Schooling: As the pace of learning is
slow, homeschooling is a good option where the
child can thrive in a protected environment. If
the child is auditory rather than visual, the entire
learning experience can be changed based on the
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4. child’s needs. This flexibility would not be
available in schools.
5. Special Needs Schools: These schools have
other children with disabilities studying under
the same roof. The classes are conducted at a
slower pace, and hence the children can grasp the
concepts quickly [9].
Prevention
If you doubt that your child lacks mental abilities the
first thing to be done is to assess to what degree your
child is mentally retarded. Approach a professional
who can test your child's IQ and age expectations to
see if he is mildly or severely challenged. Child’s
doctor and the psychologist confirm the diagnosis by
conducting standardized test on intellectual
functioning. Once your child is tested a mentally
challenged one, equip yourself with knowledge on
mental retardation. Find out the causes, types of
mentally challenged and how to cope with it. Special
care and attention are essential for a mentally
retarded child to cope
1. When the person is going to get married:
Avoid marriages in blood relations like
cousin brothers, cousin sisters etc.
Get married before 35 years of age
Have children before the age of 35 years.
2. Pregnant mothers
Intake of good nutritious diet
Regular antenatal check up
Immunization against mumps, measles
rubella well before pregnancy
Avoid injury or heavy pressure during the
pregnancy
Avoid exposure to the radiation
Avoid taking large doses of vitamins and
hormones as these cause birth defects
Pregnant women should avoid doing drugs,
smoking or drinking as it can lead to neural
defects in the child.
Women suffering from hyperthyroidism
need to get treated as it can lead to a fetus
with neural defects.
3. Consult the child specialist if child.
Has repeated infection
Has delayed milestones
Is very irritable and restless
Has difficulty in speaking
Treat high fever/infection
4. Avoid malnutrition by providing well balanced
diet
5. Ensure that the child has an environment which
can provide opportunities for intellectual
stimulation and for play
6. Children should be immunized against diseases
that cause mental disorders such as measles.
Parenting Tips to Help in Raising A Child with an
Intellectual Disability
Parents can play a significant role in treating and
raising a child with an intellectual disability. Here are
a few tips to help build a differently-abled child
1. Encourage Independence: Children with
mental disabilities have a slow learning curve. A
parent telling their child that he cannot do
anything will make him even more dependent
and foster low self-esteem. One method to make
kids independent is by breaking down complex
tasks/ideas into simple ones.
2. Follow Up On Academic Progress: Be active at
parent-teacher meetings to find out what are the
strengths and weaknesses of your child. Parent-
teacher conferences can be an excellent forum
where you can keep track of your child’s
development. It can also be a place where a
healthy exchange of ideas can take place.
3. Socialize: Many parents limit their child’s
interactions with others in a bid to protect them.
Then there are others who wish to avoid
unpleasant situations. While these are legitimate
reasons, making a child socially active would
foster a sense of normalcy.
4. Network: Taking care of a child with disabilities
is difficult for parents. Often there are instances
when parents go into depression or bickering
takes place between the couple. It can be helpful
to know that there are other parents out there
who are going through the same ordeal.
Networking helps parents a lot, as it not just acts
as a support group but also becomes a place
where parents can share their experiences and
ideas to come up with new ways of raising kids
with disabilities
5. Educate Themselves: Raising a mentally
challenged child may be difficult, and counseling
sessions with experts can help in overcoming
these difficulties
6. Routine: Develop a habit that can be followed
by your kid as it can help them feel secure.
School can be stressful, and a safe environment
at home with a predictable routine can help them
feel secure.
7. Praise and Reward: Due to the challenges they
face every day, low self-esteem issues are
typical, and they need constant appreciation and
affection to overcome those. Encouragement
through a reward system can help boost their
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self-confidence. However, avoid any negative
punishments as it is likely to demotivate them.
8. Behaviour Management: Children with mental
disabilities may find it difficult to cope with
certain situations. In such cases, it is essential
that they don’t dwell on their inability to
comprehend those things. Diverting their mind
would be a good idea in such situations.
Something as simple as giving them headphones
and making them listen to music would help in
diverting their mind
Special Schools and Centers for
Learning
The earlier in a child’s life that the mental problem is
detected the better it is for everyone concerned. There
are many special schools as well as child guidance
centers that provide the necessary environment for
your child to grow and learn in. These environments
not only help the child when it comes to education
but also in developing social skills. It also gives
them the opportunity to spend time and get to become
friends with other mentally challenged children. If a
parent shuns these special learning facilities studies
have shown that this can lead to greater problems for
the mentally challenged child in terms of emotional
as well as social difficulties. Special schools teach
mentally challenged children the skills they need to
grow and learn in the world. The tasks the child is
given are geared towards his mental growth in as far
as he is able to learn, expand and grow. For example,
sensory training and perceptual knowledge are taught
to mentally challenged children and these are stressed
to a great extent and practices many times over.
Children are also given tasks in schools that help
them to become as independent as they possibly can
be. The training allows mentally challenged children
a sense of accomplishment and helps to build their
sense of self into a positive one [10].
Schemes for the Welfare of Mentally
Challenged Children
Government of India launched lots of scheme for the
welfare of mentally challenged children some of
them are as follow
1. ADIP Scheme (Assistance to Disabled
Person): Under this scheme aids /appliances are
distributed to the needy persons with disabilities.
2. Deen Dayal Disabled Rehabilitation Service
scheme (DDRS): Under this scheme, funds for
the welfare of physically disabled and mentally
challenged are provided to the Non
Governmental Organization for projects like
special schools for physically and mentally
challenged, Vocational Training Centre, Half
Way Homes etc.
3. Nirmaya: It is the new Health Insurance Plan for
mentally challenged launched by ICICI
Lombard. The annual premium charged is quite
low which covers routine medical checkup,
therapy to corrective surgery and transportation.
4. LIC has introduced a new plan Jeewan Vishwas
for the benefit of physically or mentally
challenged children.
5. Physically and mentally challenged people are
also provided 75% concession during railway
travel and 50% concession during air travel [9].
Some Special Schools and Centres for
Mentally Challenged
1. Amrita Rehabilitation Center, 117/K/
/100, P.O. Naveen Nagar, Kakadeo, Kanpur,
Uttar Pradesh 208005, Phone:
5127851832620
2. Aanchal School, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi-
110021 Phone number: 2301 4165 28
3. National Institute For Mentally Handicapped
(NIMH)
4. Aasha Kiran, Avantika Complex, Rohini
Sector 1, New Delhi-110085, Phone number:
716 0142, 727 2760
5. Muskaan, A-28, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-
110016 , Phone number: 6566766
6. Asha Jyoti School, Address: C-331/1, Indira
Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226016,
Phone: 0522 654 6122
7. Sankalp Special School (for Children with
special Needs), 121/396, Shastri Nagar
Chauraha, Industrial Estate, Kanpur, Uttar
Pradesh 208005, Phone: 093072 67489
8. Sanket (Government Deaf and Dumb School)
Lucknow, Agra, Bareilly, Farrukhabad,
Gorakhpur
9. Sparsh (Government School for Visually
Impaired girls/boys) Lucknow, Gorakhpur,
Banda, Saharanpur and Meerut
10. Mamta (State School for Mentally
Challenged boys/girls) Lucknow and
Allahabad
11. Prayas (State School for physically disabled
children) Lucknow
12. Model School For Mentally Deficient
Children, Kasturba Niketan, Lajpat Nagar,
New Delhi-24 , Phone number: 6834328
13. Delhi Society For The Welfare Of Mentally
Retarded Children, Okhla Centre, Okhla
Marg, opposite Holy Family Hospital, New
Delhi-110025, Phone number: 6310979
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