This document discusses mental health and common mental health conditions. It defines mental health as a state of well-being and the absence of mental disorders. Common mental health conditions include substance dependence, schizophrenia, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Childhood disorders and other conditions are also mentioned. The document also covers the prevalence, symptoms, causes, barriers to treatment, and the current status of mental healthcare in India.

1. UNDERSTANDING
MENTAL HEALTH

2. HEALTH
Health is a state
of complete
physical,
MENTAL, social
and spiritual
well-being and
not merely the
absence of
disease or
infirmity.
-WHO

3. MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health is defined as
a state of well-being in
which every individual
realizes his or her own
potential, can cope with
the normal stresses of
life, can work productively
and fruitfully, and is able
to make a contribution to
her or his community.

4. MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS?
 Mental Health conditions that are
characterized by alterations in thinking,
mood, or in behaviour and some combination
of all those associated with distress and/or
impaired functioning.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC)

5. COMMON SYMPTOMS OF
MENTAL ILLNESS
 Changes in biological
function like disturbed
sleep, appetite and sexual
activity
 Changes in mood -
irritability, anger, sadness,
anxiety, restlessness,
excessive crying or
laughing
 Changes in behaviour like
increased or reduced
activity level,
stubbornness, repetitive
actions or at times
disorganized behaviour
 Changes in thought
pattern like suicidal
ideation, negative
thoughts, irrelevant talks
or big claims
 Changes in social life like
decreased/increased
interaction, muttering and
smiling to self,
excitement or attacking
or beating others
 Changes in life style like
poor self care and
hygiene, roaming
purposelessly, not
involving in day to day
activities

6. HOW COMMON ARE MENTAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS?
 One in four
people will
experience
mental health
problems in their
lifetime
 In every year
300 people per
1000 experience
a mental health
problem.

7. CURRENT MENTAL HEALTH
SCENARIO - INDIA
 One out of 4 – 5 people has some and
other kind of mental health or
behavioural problems
 Median prevalence of mental disorders is
65.4 per 1000 at any given time (6.5%)
 5 out of 10 major causes of disability are
mental health related – Major Psychiatric
Disorders

8. The leading causes of years
lived with disability, worldwide, 1990
Total
(millions)
Per cent
of total
All causes 472.7
1. Unipolar major depression 50.8 10.7
2. Iron deficiency anaemia 22.0 4.7
3. Falls 22.0 4.6
4. Alcohol use 15.8 3.3
5.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 14.7 3.1
6. Bipolar disorder 14.1 3.0
7. Congenital anomalies 13.5 2.9
8. Osteoarthritis 13.3 2.8
9. Schizophrenia 12.1 2.6
10. Obsessive compulsive disorders 10.2 2.209/06/14 Dr. Venu Gopal Jhanwar 8

9. COMMON MENTAL HEALTH
CONDITIONS

10. SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE
Prevalence Symptoms
 Average prevalence is
4%.
◦ Alcohol (21.4%)
◦ Cannabis (3.0%)
◦ Opioids (0.7%)
◦ Tobacco use prevalence
was high at 55.8% among
males, with maximum use in
the age group 41-50 years
Source: The National
Household Survey of Drug
Use.
 Excessive intake of
alcohol, ganja, drugs,
addictive medicines,
tobacco, pan masala,
tea or coffee
 Difficult to leave after
continuous efforts
 Withdrawal symptoms
 Disturbed persons’
fucntioning

11. SCHIZOPHRENIA
Prevalence Symptoms
 Prevalence rate ranges
from 1-5 %
 Muttering, smiling, talking
to self
 Hearing voices that others
cannot
 Suspiciousness/infidelity/
feeling himself in control of
someone/tall claims
 Aggressive and hostile
behaviour
 Disorganised approaches
 Self absorbed attitude

12. DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Prevalence Symptoms
 Prevalence rates range
from 5 % to 17 %
 Low mood, irritability, anger
 Decreased interest and social
interaction
 Negative thoughts about self,
future and life
 Poor self esteem,
concentration and memory
 Fear or guilt
 Hopelessness, helplessness,
Worthlessness
 Staying alone and aloof
 Suicidal ideation, wishes,
plans and attempts

13. BIPOLAR/MOOD DISORDER
Prevalence Symptoms
 Prevalence rates ranges
from 2 % to 6%
 Elevated mood,
 Increased talk, energy,
 Irritability, anger and
aggression
 Feeling of Powerful self,
tall claims
 High demands,
expenditure and interest
 Marked reduced sleep,
increased appetite

14. ANXIETY DISORDERS
Prevalence Symptoms
 Prevalence rates ranges
from 18 % to 22%
◦ 4.2% (Phobia)
◦ 5.8% (GAD)
◦ 4.5% (Conversion)
 Various fears and phobias of
stage, performance in public,
open space, water, air, closed
space, etc.
 Autonomic symptoms –
hyperventilation,
restlessness, tremors,
increased heart rate and
pulse rate, excessive
sweating, short breath, etc
 Partial LOC or panic attacks
 Apprehensions, runaway
behaviour, withdrawal,
 Possession, pseudo-
seizures, trance states etc

15. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
Prevalence Symptoms
 Prevalence rates ranges
from 1 % to 4 %
 In India, its 3.3 %
 Repetitive thoughts,
images, impulses and
ideas, e.g. Fear of
contamination, fear of
saying wrong thing,
sexual images
 Repetitive and ritualized
actions – hand-washing,
bathing, checking,
counting, symmetry, etc.
 Restlessness, anxiety
and disturbed functioning

16. COMMON CHILDHOOD
DISORDERS
Prevalence Symptoms
 1 in 10 children suffering
form some and other
emotional, behavioural or
psychiatric problems
 Prevalence rates of
different disorders are
varying
 Range is 1% to 10 %
 Intellectual disability
 Attention Deficit
Hyperactive Disorders
 Autism
 Eneuresis, encopresis,
 Eating disorders
 Behavioural
problems/disorders –
Conduct, ODD

17. OTHER PSYCHIATRIC
PROBLEMS
 Post traumatic stress disorders
 Psycho sexual disorders
 Personality disorders
 Gender identity disorders
 Marital issues
 Family disputes/ conflicts
 Psychosocial and environmental
stressors

18. COMMON CAUSES OF
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
 Genetics
 Stress
 Environment
 Poor life style
 Poor health
 Coping mechanisms
 Poverty
 Addiction
 Education

19. COMMON HINDRANCE IN
SEEKING TREATMENT
 Myths
 Faith healing system
 Understanding of mental illness
 Prevalent stigma
 Available medical services
 Duration of treatment
 Most hospitals do not provide
psychiatric services

20. STATUS OF TREATMENT IN
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
 Only 5 % of all psychiatric patients
seen by Psychiatrist
 1 Psychiatrist catering 85000 people
 0.60 Psychologists per 100,000
population
 0.40 Social workers per 100,000
population
 2.00 Nurses per 100,000 population
 Treatment gap is of - 90 %

21. ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS
 Sensitivity
 Empathy
 Identification