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MENGETAHUI KONSEP
NOMBOR DAN SISTEM
NOMBOR
PENGENALAN
Sistem nombor/arithmetic yang digunakan didalam sistem berdigit adalah:
1. Sistem nombor Desimal – N10
2. Sistem nombor Binari – N2
3. Sistem nombor Oktal – N8
4. Sistem nombor Heksadesimal – N16
Jadual 1 : Padanan antara sistem
nombor perpuluhan dengan sistem
nombor yang lain
i. Subskrip ditulis kepada nombor untuk
menunjukkan sistem nombor yang diguna
pakai.
ii. Contoh : Nombor binary 10102 , nombor
octal 658
NILAI TEMPAT BAGI SISTEM
NOMBOR PERPULUHAN,
PERDUAAN, PERLAPANAN DAN
PERENAMBELASAN
SISTEM NOMBOR DESIMAL (PERSEPULUHAN)
Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan.
Nilai tempat sistem nombor perpuluhan
Angka dasar ialah : 10
Angka-angka asas ialah : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
23410
Angka Asas
Angka Dasar
SISTEM NOMBOR DESIMAL (PERSEPULUHAN)
Kedudukan pemberat
2746.210 diperolehi dengan cara pengiraan yang berikut :
2746.2 = (2 x 103) + (7 x 102) + (4 x 101) + (6 x 100) + (2 x 10-1)
= 2000 + 700 + 40 + 6 + 0.2
= 2746.2
103 102 101 100 . 10-1
2 7 4 6 . 2
Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau
pemberatan.
Nilai tempat sistem nombor perduaan.
Angka dasar ialah : 2
Angka-angka asas ialah : 0 dan 1
10102
SISTEM NOMBOR BINARY (PERDUAAN)
Angka Asas
Angka Dasar
SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN)
Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan.
Nilai tempat sistem nombor oktal
Angka dasar ialah : 8
Angka-angka asas ialah : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
658
Angka Asas
Angka Dasar
Kedudukan Berpemberat
1077.1058 = (1 x 83) + (0 x 82) + (7 x 81) + ( 7 x 80) + (1 x 8-1) + (0 x 8-2) + (5 x 8-3)
= 512 + 0 + 56 + 7 + 0.125 + 0 + 0.00977
= 575.134810
SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN)
83 82 81 80 . 8-1 8-2 8-3
1 0 7 7 . 1 0 5
A) PERJUMLAHAN
Sekiranya setiap hasil penjumlahan yang melebihi atau sama dengan 8 mestilah ditolak
dengan 8.
i. 1238 + 3218 ii. . 4578 + 2458
SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN)
B) PENGURANGAN
Sekiranya terdapat peminjam, nombor meminjam mestilah dijumlahkan dengan 8.
i. . 5248 – 1678 ii. . 1678 - 248
SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN)
SISTEM NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL (PERENAMBELASAN)
Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan.
Nilai tempat sistem nombor heksadesimal
Angka dasar ialah : 16
Angka-angka asas ialah : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Dimana untuk simbol A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15
7A16
Angka Asas
Angka Dasar
A) PERJUMLAHAN NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL
Perjumlahan nombor heksadesimal adalah sama dengan perjumlahan nombor decimal
dan nombor octal. Nilai yang besar daripada 16 mestilah ditolak dengan 16.
Contoh :
i) 3316 – 4716 ii. 20D316 + 12BC16
SISTEM NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL (PERENAMBELASAN)
B) PENGURANGAN NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL
Pengurangan nombor heksadesimal adalah sama dengan pengurangan nombor decimal
dan nombor octal. Nilai yang kecil daripada 16 boleh dipinjam dari sebelah dengan nilai
16.
Contoh:
i. 4416 – 1716 ii. 325516 – 318216
SISTEM NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL (PERENAMBELASAN)

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MENGETAHUI KONSEP NOMBOR DAN SISTEM NOMBOR.pptx

  • 2. PENGENALAN Sistem nombor/arithmetic yang digunakan didalam sistem berdigit adalah: 1. Sistem nombor Desimal – N10 2. Sistem nombor Binari – N2 3. Sistem nombor Oktal – N8 4. Sistem nombor Heksadesimal – N16
  • 3. Jadual 1 : Padanan antara sistem nombor perpuluhan dengan sistem nombor yang lain i. Subskrip ditulis kepada nombor untuk menunjukkan sistem nombor yang diguna pakai. ii. Contoh : Nombor binary 10102 , nombor octal 658
  • 4. NILAI TEMPAT BAGI SISTEM NOMBOR PERPULUHAN, PERDUAAN, PERLAPANAN DAN PERENAMBELASAN
  • 5. SISTEM NOMBOR DESIMAL (PERSEPULUHAN) Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan. Nilai tempat sistem nombor perpuluhan Angka dasar ialah : 10 Angka-angka asas ialah : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 23410 Angka Asas Angka Dasar
  • 6. SISTEM NOMBOR DESIMAL (PERSEPULUHAN) Kedudukan pemberat 2746.210 diperolehi dengan cara pengiraan yang berikut : 2746.2 = (2 x 103) + (7 x 102) + (4 x 101) + (6 x 100) + (2 x 10-1) = 2000 + 700 + 40 + 6 + 0.2 = 2746.2 103 102 101 100 . 10-1 2 7 4 6 . 2
  • 7. Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan. Nilai tempat sistem nombor perduaan. Angka dasar ialah : 2 Angka-angka asas ialah : 0 dan 1 10102 SISTEM NOMBOR BINARY (PERDUAAN) Angka Asas Angka Dasar
  • 8. SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN) Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan. Nilai tempat sistem nombor oktal Angka dasar ialah : 8 Angka-angka asas ialah : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 658 Angka Asas Angka Dasar
  • 9. Kedudukan Berpemberat 1077.1058 = (1 x 83) + (0 x 82) + (7 x 81) + ( 7 x 80) + (1 x 8-1) + (0 x 8-2) + (5 x 8-3) = 512 + 0 + 56 + 7 + 0.125 + 0 + 0.00977 = 575.134810 SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN) 83 82 81 80 . 8-1 8-2 8-3 1 0 7 7 . 1 0 5
  • 10. A) PERJUMLAHAN Sekiranya setiap hasil penjumlahan yang melebihi atau sama dengan 8 mestilah ditolak dengan 8. i. 1238 + 3218 ii. . 4578 + 2458 SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN)
  • 11. B) PENGURANGAN Sekiranya terdapat peminjam, nombor meminjam mestilah dijumlahkan dengan 8. i. . 5248 – 1678 ii. . 1678 - 248 SISTEM NOMBOR OKTAL (PERLAPANAN)
  • 12. SISTEM NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL (PERENAMBELASAN) Nilai sesuatu nombor bergantung kepada nilai tempat (place value) atau pemberatan. Nilai tempat sistem nombor heksadesimal Angka dasar ialah : 16 Angka-angka asas ialah : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F Dimana untuk simbol A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15 7A16 Angka Asas Angka Dasar
  • 13. A) PERJUMLAHAN NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL Perjumlahan nombor heksadesimal adalah sama dengan perjumlahan nombor decimal dan nombor octal. Nilai yang besar daripada 16 mestilah ditolak dengan 16. Contoh : i) 3316 – 4716 ii. 20D316 + 12BC16 SISTEM NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL (PERENAMBELASAN)
  • 14. B) PENGURANGAN NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL Pengurangan nombor heksadesimal adalah sama dengan pengurangan nombor decimal dan nombor octal. Nilai yang kecil daripada 16 boleh dipinjam dari sebelah dengan nilai 16. Contoh: i. 4416 – 1716 ii. 325516 – 318216 SISTEM NOMBOR HEKSADESIMAL (PERENAMBELASAN)