The memorandum of association is the constitution or charter of a company that defines its scope and powers. It contains key details like the company's name, registered office location, objectives, liability terms, capital structure, and names of initial subscribers. The articles of association contain the internal regulations for governing a company's operations and achieving its objectives. It covers aspects like share transfers, meetings, voting, appointment of directors, borrowing powers, accounts, and winding up procedures. Together, the memorandum and articles of association form the contract between a company and its shareholders.
Registration process of private limited company in BangladeshMd. Rakibul Hasib
This report discuss the "Registration process of private limited company in Bangladesh." It was made as assignment report of IUB. All the content are taken from web sights or the text book that are mentioned in the document.
Registration process of private limited company in BangladeshMd. Rakibul Hasib
This report discuss the "Registration process of private limited company in Bangladesh." It was made as assignment report of IUB. All the content are taken from web sights or the text book that are mentioned in the document.
Company information is very important for business. Without incorporation , A business can not run. Here i summarized the total business incorporation rules & regulation. More details is coming. I will try to explain more details in a Pdf file.
This material is a part of our PGPSE programe. Our programme is available for any student after class 12th / graduation. AFTERSCHO☺OL conducts PGPSE, which is available free to all online students. There are no charges. It is designed to give a comprehensive training in social entrepreneurship / spiritual entrepreneurship. This programme is aimed at those persons, who want to ultimately set up their own business enterprises which can benefit society substantially. PGPSE is a unique programme, as it combines industry consultancy, business solutions and case studies in addition to spirituality and social concerns. You can read the details at www.afterschoool.tk or at www.afterschool.tk
This ppt. includes brief about the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Clauses of Regulatory Framework of Companies :-
1.Introduction, meaning and importance of MOA
2.Purpose of MOA and Contents
3 Clauses of MOA well defined and tuned
Company information is very important for business. Without incorporation , A business can not run. Here i summarized the total business incorporation rules & regulation. More details is coming. I will try to explain more details in a Pdf file.
This material is a part of our PGPSE programe. Our programme is available for any student after class 12th / graduation. AFTERSCHO☺OL conducts PGPSE, which is available free to all online students. There are no charges. It is designed to give a comprehensive training in social entrepreneurship / spiritual entrepreneurship. This programme is aimed at those persons, who want to ultimately set up their own business enterprises which can benefit society substantially. PGPSE is a unique programme, as it combines industry consultancy, business solutions and case studies in addition to spirituality and social concerns. You can read the details at www.afterschoool.tk or at www.afterschool.tk
This ppt. includes brief about the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Clauses of Regulatory Framework of Companies :-
1.Introduction, meaning and importance of MOA
2.Purpose of MOA and Contents
3 Clauses of MOA well defined and tuned
MOA and AOA.ppt bsnsjdnndhdhdjdjdjdjdndnjdjdjdjdjjd djjdjdhdndjdndjdjdherdogonmitchell
Abcbshdhdbbdd bsnsjdnndhdhdjdjdjdjdndnjdjdjdjdjjd djjdjdhdndjdndjdjdh to the company is the best friend at work and I am a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of
STUDY AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF PRODUCT & SERVICES AT AXIS BANK WITH EMPHASIS...Priyansh Kesarwani
STUDY AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF PRODUCT & SERVICES AT AXIS BANK WITH EMPHASIS ON DEPOSIT MIX
Research in any organization is an attempt to provide student a practical input & Exposure to the real world situation in which he has to work in future.
My Research Report on Axis Bank, was an attempt in this regard. The project work provided to me was Study on Critical Appraisal of product & Services at Axis Bank with Emphasis on Deposit Mix
Axis Bank is today one of the most competitive & profitable banking franchise in India as can be clearly depicted by the analysis of its portfolio of banking services. The bank has launched several for various categories of consumers to enhance its deposit mix. This project deals with this aspect especially with the saving account features.
The report has been prepaid and is presented under various heading as introduction, organization profile, research objective & scope of research project etc.
Impact of Advertisement on consumers of confectionery products with special r...Priyansh Kesarwani
Impact of Advertisement on consumers of confectionery products with special reference to Cadbury
Confectionery means sweet, and confectionery products are sweet food products. Products like biscuits, chocolates, wafers, noodles, sauces, health drinks, etc are confectionery products. Confectionery products are very much advertised so as to make customers know about it. Chocolate is a confectionery product (sweet food) which mostly every age group people prefers whether we talk about children, teenagers, adults or even old people, everyone likes chocolates. “It is basically a sweet that is made of the mass of cocoa beans and cocoa butter obtained by processing roasted cocoa beans and powdered sugar.” Advertisement of confectionery product like chocolates is very effective among the consumers. People get very much influenced by the Ads.
Advertisement plays an important role in the marketing of the products. Indian chocolate market is almost totally depended on purchases of kids. In recent times, the chocolate majors, Cadburys and Nestle took major initiatives to bring in grown-ups into this market. While Cadbury is trying to sell indulgence to adults, Kit Kat is selling ‘ritualistic’ break to teenagers/ young adults. This is reflected in the changing advertising patterns across different channels
Marketing strategies of premium products of coca cola cocacola summer interns...Priyansh Kesarwani
MARKETING STRATEGIES OF PREMIUM PRODUCTS OF COCA-COLA
The Project “Marketing Strategies of premium products of coca-cola” was designed on the lines of basic investment decisions to be taken by the senior officials of coca-cola for the purpose of amendments in the pre-existing distribution network in order to review and strengthen the routes. The findings of the project are very crucial for the increment of the market share of coca-cola in the Kanpur Beverage Market.
Though the process is an ongoing one the decisions have to be taken on a strong base, supported by facts and figures and that too on papers. This support can only be provided with the help of an extensive and thorough analysis of the market and the data collected thereof.
The objectives of the project were delivered to us express sly by the Marketing Development Co-ordinator who was the lead or the project head and we had to submit the day report to him along with the draft report. He was in charge of the project and gave guidelines and directions to approach the project.
The objectives of the project are:
• To understand and analyze the market in its raw and basic form.
• To gain an in-depth knowledge of the merchandising and processing activities of the Route Agents and understand the Beverage market.
• To undertake the comparative study of the various brands and flavor packs of all existing beverages or soft drinks market and the market share and growth potential of each brand individually.
• Comparative study of the various brands, packs, and flavors available in the market
• To ascertain the pricing strategy of premium products of coca-cola & its competitor.
• Assess the promotional measures in the context of the sales of COCA-COLA and focusing our study on the customer of the company i.e., the retailers.
• To study about the new product development of coca-cola premium products.
46
As obvious that any company is a concern with the increase in sales of its products, our project was in line with the companies‟ objectives and all steps incorporate in the project were directed to give an overview so as to attain its objectives.
Tvs motors summer internship report a study on customer satisfaction towards ...Priyansh Kesarwani
A study on Customer satisfaction towards TVS Motors in Kanpur City
Objective of the study:
• To know the customer satisfaction level towards services of TVS Motors.
• To know the problems presently faced by the customers at TVS Motors.
• To study the post-sales service performance.
• To know the new area of improvement.
Pritika metro summer internship report a study on job satisfaction at metro w...Priyansh Kesarwani
A Study on Job Satisfaction at Metro Wholesale DC53 in Lucknow City
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. Assessing the level of job satisfaction at METRO WHOLESALE.
2. To bring out the opinion and suggestion of employees benefits at METRO WHOLESALE.
3. To identify the satisfaction factors of employees.
4. To identify the perception of employees and the factors causing dissatisfaction.
5. To be informed about the concern of job satisfaction of an organization in Lucknow.
6. To study the impact of job satisfaction on organizational performance and goal achievement.
Mukesh singh kotak life summer internship report a critical study on using di...Priyansh Kesarwani
A CRITICAL STUDY ON USING DIGITAL PLATFORM BY AGENTS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN KANPUR
Objectives -:
1. To evaluate the agent perception and expectation towards the digitalization of insurance.
2. To identify the adoption and agent engagement of digital platforms.
3. To evaluate the awareness and satisfaction towards KOTAK MAHINDRA INSURANCE.
This study will help to evaluate the present position of digital engagement of users in Insurance company services. The study eventually helps to identify the vital reason why agents moving towards digital platforms, in which way consumers will satisfied.
Abhinav singh axis bank summer internship customer service department at axis...Priyansh Kesarwani
Customer Service Department at Axis Bank and Digital Journey of Axis Bank
2. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP
While joining Axis Bank, I wanted to learn as much as possible. I knew that an internship is an opportunity to learn which helps us put the theories we learnt in the books into practice. It will help us build our career. It is the period when we will be able to groom ourselves and become ready to join the real world. During the internship period, I had planned to achieve the following goals:
• To learn about the overall function of different departments of Axis Bank (ABL) namely Customer Service Department (CSD), Credit Department and Operations in brief.
• To learn as much as possible from the members of the bank through good and friendly relationship.
• To learn about different products of the bank.
• To increase communication skills and interpersonal skills by communicating with the customers in the CSD.
• To increase the marketing skills by going for marketing with the seniors and selling the products.
• To increase the PR by knowing different people.
• To conduct a customer satisfaction survey related to the customers’ satisfaction in terms of different departments to which the customers are directly interacting.
• To find out what the customers’ attitude towards the service provided by the bank.
• To use the theoretical knowledge from the coursework to conduct survey and analyze the result.
• To learn more about what happens in the banking sector and compare it to the theoretical knowledge obtained in the lectures.
Comparative market analysis for sku system existing in retailers market for p...Priyansh Kesarwani
Comparative market analysis for SKU system existing in retailers market for Pepsi products
4.Objectives
• To study the existing SKU System and finding gaps in Pepsi products.
• To identify major competitors in different categories of soft drinks.
• To identify the potential retailers of Pepsi in the designated areas.
• To analysis the opportunity existing in the market and ways to attract the retailers for increasing sales.
How digital marketing creates user engagement , summer internship project rep...Priyansh Kesarwani
The objective of the project to create the user engagement in Xetlynx Autocorp for their promotion of automotive services through an app. During this we have to understand the customer needs, pricing constraints, response, awareness, emotions and beliefs regarding the services.
The project report was started on 17st of June after knowing all the relevant information regarding the project, under the guidance of Mr. Prabhat Kumar Dwivedi, Associate Professor, STEP-HBTI. The first part of my project involves the study of the automotive services of Xetlynx Autocorp for creating user engagement through an app and website. For this I used the internet as a primary source of information for study, also attend some days with Mrs. Sharmila Badesra (DOP, XETLYNX AUTOCORP) to understand the strategies of XETLYNX AUTOCORP.
Since the next part of my project was to develop the questionnaire. Hence, the detailed study provided me a rough idea in developing questionnaire and my corporate mentor guide me in finalizing the questionnaire. For this the questionnaire was prepared which gave the vague idea about the customers, who were really interested to tell about their views. Go through questionnaire in different location of the Jaipur region. The marketing research was undertaken for Jaipur region during one month. The sample size of the marketing research was taken to be 110. The questionnaire contains various aspects like their Personal Information, Choice Preferences, and Awareness etc. The final part of the project consists of 19 days of scanning the questionnaire.
Most important part is analyzing the information.
This report documents the work done during the summer internship at XETLYNX AUTOCORP, Jaipur under the supervision of Dr. Prabhat Kumar Dwivedi. The report first shall give an overview of the tasks completed during the period of internship with management details. Then the results obtained shall be discussed and analyzed.
Report shall also elaborate on the future works which can be persuaded as an advancement of the current work. I have tried my best to keep report simple yet technically correct. I hope I succeed in my attempt.
Objectives -:
1. To evaluate the customer’s perception and expectation towards the Automotive services.
2. To identify the factors influencing user engagement.
3. To identify what preferences respondents had for servicing their vehicle.
4. To evaluate the awareness and satisfaction towards XETLYNX AUTOCORP.
Erp and value chain management presentation priyansh kesarwaniPriyansh Kesarwani
Erp and value chain management presentation made by priyansh kesarwani
ERP, or enterprise resource planning, is a modular software system designed to integrate the main functional areas of an organization's business processes into a unified system.
An ERP system includes core software components, often called modules, that focus on essential business areas, such as finance and accounting, HR, production and materials management, customer relationship management (CRM) and supply chain management. Organizations choose which core modules to use based on which are most important to their particular business.
PRESENTATION ON ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
The practice of consolidating an
enterprise’s planning, manufacturing, sales and marketing efforts into one management system.
Combines all databases across departments into a single database that can be accessed by all employees.
Bcg matrix presentation made by priyansh kesarwani
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX is developed by BRUCE HENDERSON of the BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP IN THE EARLY 1970’s.
According to this technique, businesses or products are classified as low or high performers depending upon their market growth rate and relative market share.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
2. Memorandum of Association
The first step is the formation of a
company is to prepare memorandum of
association. This is also known as
constitution of the company.
3. What is Memorandum of Association
of a company?
• Is the constitution or charter of the company
and contains the powers of the company. No
company can be registered under the Companies
without
Under Section 2(56) of
the memorandum of
the
Act, 2013
association.
Companies Act, 2013 the “memorandum”
means the memorandum of association of a
company as originally framed or as altered from
time to time in pursuance of any previous
company law or of this Act;
5. 1. Name Clause
• The memorandum must state the name of the
company with ‘limited ‘ as the word ,in case of a
public limited company and with ‘private
limited', in the case of a private limited company
• the company is free to choose any name but it
must not be undesirable or must not resemble
the name of any other registered company.
• i.e. President, Prime Minister, Govt. etc
6. 2.Registered office clause [section
13(1)(b)]
• The state in which the registered office of
a company will be situated is mentioned
in this clause
• The registered office of the company is
the official address of the company
where the statutory books and records
must normally be kept
7. 3. Object Clause section 13(1)(c)&(b)]
This clause is quite important and must be very carefully
drafted as it determines the activities of the company. In
the object clause each and every detail of activities of the
business to be carried out must be laid down.
Main object:- this sub-clause contains the main objects
of the company to the pursued on its incorporation
objects which are incidental or ancillary to
Objects incidental or ancillary :- it covers the
the
attainment of the main object
Other objects :- this sub-clause will cover any objects
which are not included in the ‘main objects ‘
8. 4. Liability Clause[section 13(2)]
This clause states the nature of liability of the members of
the company
In the case of a company limited by share or by guarantee the
fact that the liability of its members is limited must be made
absolutely clear . In case of a company limited by shares the
liability of a member is limited to the nominal value of the
share held by him
If the share are fully paid up his liability is nil. But in
case of partly paid-up shares the liability is limited to
the amount which is unpaid.
In case of a company limited by guarantee, the liability clause
must state the amount which every member undertakes to
contribute to the assets of the company in the event of its
winding up
9. 5. Capital Clause[section 13(4)(a)]
• This clause states that amount of the capital with
which the company is to be registered
• This clause should also state the number and
face value of shares into which the capital of the
company is divided
• The capital with which the company is
‘registered’ or ‘nominal’ or ‘authorized’
10. 6. Association clause [section
13(4)(c)]
• The association clause states – in this
cause , the subscribes declare that they
desire to be formed into a company and
agree to take the shares stated against
their names.
• The names, address and occupation of the
subscribers must be given each subscriber
must sign in the presence of at least
11. Case: Company for Restaurant
• Husband and wife, KAMAL and ASHA
RASTOGI, based in DELHI, are forming a
company. They want a short name for the
company with their surname in it. The company
is being formed to run a SHOPPING MALL.
They project they would need 2 Crore as the
capital of the company. Immediately, the
husband would contribute Rs. 2,00,00,000 to
the share capital of the company and wife Rs.
10. Mr. RASTOGI hopes to find others, after the
company is formed, to take the shares of the
company. They also contemplate occasionally
hiring out the car they would buy for the
company. Develop a Memorandum of
Association for the Company.
12. Memorandum of Association of
the RASTOGI private limited
I . The name of the company is RASTOGI Private
Limited
II.The registered office of the company will be
situated in the state of Delhi.
III.The objective for which the company is begin
established are as follows:
a.Main object: running of shopping mall
b.Ancillary object: opening bank accounts, hiring
premises an running of mall
c.Other objects: Hiring out of vechicles for
advertisement
13. IV. The liability of the members is limited
v. The authorized share capital of the company is
RS.2,00,00,000,divided into 20,00,000
S.NO Name & No . Of equity Signature Name
Addresses shares taken of /
description & by each subscribe addres
occupation of subscriber r s
subscribers descri
ption
and
occupa
tion of
witnes
s
14. DOCTRINE OF ‘ULTRA VIRES’
The words :
• Ultra means beyond
• Vires means the powers
• Ultra Vires means beyond the powers
A company which owes its incorporation to statutory
authority cannot effectively do anything beyond the
powers expressly or impliedly conferred upon it by the
statute or Memorandum ofAssociation.
15. Articles Of Association
• A document that specifies the regulations
for a company's operations. The articles of
association define the company's purpose
and lays out how tasks are to be
accomplished organization, including
the within the process for appointing
directors and how financialrecords will
be handled.
16. Items covered by the Articles
ofAssociation include :-
• Adoption of preliminary contracts.
• Number and value of shares
• Allotment of shares
• Calls on shares
• Transfer of shares
• Forfeiture, reissue, surrender of shares
• Alteration of share capital
• Share certificates
• Conversion of shares into stocks
• Meetings and proceedings
• Voting rights, proxies and polls
• Appointment , Remuneration, etc of Directors
• Borrowing powers
• Dividend and Reserves
• Accounts and audit
• Procedure of winding up
• Seal of the company
17. • Unlimited Companies:
▫ The Articles of such a company must
state:
Total number of members; and
Share capital.
• Companies limited by Guarantee:
▫ Articles of such company must state
total number of members.
Companies which must have Articles
18. Companies which must have Articles
…contd.
• Private Companies limited by
shares:
▫ must include requirements
of Section 3(1)(iii).
No Article Company
• A public limited company having
share capital may be registered
without Articles.
19. Doctrine Of Ultra Vires
• Ultra vires to the articles of association
• Ultra vires the memorandum of Association
20. Alteration of Articles
• Articles may be altered by a company by
passing special resolution at a general body
meeting of shareholders
21. Doctrine of Constructive Notice
According to Section 610, every person dealing with the
company is deemed to have read M/A and A/A and
understood the contents thereof in the correct perspective.
Doctrine of Indoor
Management
Rule of Indoor Management is an exception to the Doctrine
of Constructive notice.
22. Memorandum of Association Articles of Association
Charter of Company Regulations for internal management
Defines the scope of the activities Rules for carrying out the objects of
company.
Supreme document Subordinate to the memorandum.
Must for every company Company limited by shares need not
have it (Table ‘A’ applies)
Strict restrictions, alteration only with
sanction of central govt./ tribunal.
Can be altered by special resolution.
It define the relationship between the
company & the outsiders
It define the relationship between
company & its staff and between
members & members interests