1) Italy wanted to build an empire to secure resources due to the Great Depression, and Mussolini wanted to revive Rome's glory.
2) There was a border dispute between Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland which led to a small skirmish. Mussolini demanded an apology and threatened invasion.
3) In 1935, a League commission suggested giving part of Abyssinia to Italy, but Mussolini rejected the plan and invaded later that year using tanks and flamethrowers. The League imposed weak sanctions but did not cut off crucial oil.
The document discusses key events and aspects of World War 2, including:
- Hitler's rise to power in Germany following WWI and his use of propaganda to gain support.
- The main countries involved in World War 2 that made up the opposing Allied and Axis forces.
- Hitler's goals in starting the war, which included taking revenge on countries that defeated Germany in WWI and pursuing racial purification policies.
- The Holocaust and Hitler's "Final Solution" that led to the genocide of approximately 11 million people, including over 6 million Jews.
- Major battles and campaigns during the war in both the European and Pacific theaters.
1) Italy wanted to build an empire to secure resources due to the Great Depression, and Mussolini wanted to revive Rome's glory.
2) There was a border dispute between Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland which led to a small skirmish. Mussolini demanded an apology and threatened invasion.
3) In 1935, a League commission suggested giving part of Abyssinia to Italy, but Mussolini rejected the plan and invaded later that year using tanks and flamethrowers. The League imposed weak sanctions but did not cut off crucial oil.
The document discusses key events and aspects of World War 2, including:
- Hitler's rise to power in Germany following WWI and his use of propaganda to gain support.
- The main countries involved in World War 2 that made up the opposing Allied and Axis forces.
- Hitler's goals in starting the war, which included taking revenge on countries that defeated Germany in WWI and pursuing racial purification policies.
- The Holocaust and Hitler's "Final Solution" that led to the genocide of approximately 11 million people, including over 6 million Jews.
- Major battles and campaigns during the war in both the European and Pacific theaters.
1) O documento descreve o totalitarismo de Hitler na Alemanha, incluindo sua ascensão ao poder e a construção de uma ditadura nazista.
2) Hitler e o Partido Nazista ganharam popularidade explorando as dificuldades econômicas da Alemanha após a Primeira Guerra Mundial.
3) Sob o regime nazista, os opositores eram perseguidos e enviados para campos de concentração, enquanto os judeus eram alvo de perseguição e anti-semitismo.
Hitler and Nazi Germany - The Great Depressionmrmarr
The document discusses how Germans struggled during the Great Depression. It describes the economic problems Germans faced, including high unemployment levels, collapsed businesses, increased poverty and homelessness. The German government had difficulties dealing with the crisis. As a result of these economic hardships, support for extremist parties grew as Germans turned away from the mainstream parties. The Nazis in particular saw major gains by promising to improve people's lives. Historians believe the Depression was a key factor that allowed the Nazis to rise to power.
Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany through his charismatic leadership and nationalist rhetoric. He joined the German Workers' Party in 1919 and transformed it into the Nazi party, gaining popularity by blaming Jews and communists for Germany's defeat in WWI. After an unsuccessful coup attempt, Hitler was imprisoned but used his trial to spread his message. He then capitalized on Germany's economic struggles to rise legally through democratic elections before consolidating power and becoming dictator.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?George Dumitrache
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, a weak League of Nations that failed to stop aggression, the economic depression that led to the rise of extreme right-wing governments, countries adopting aggressive foreign policies for economic reasons, Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles and using force to expand Germany, the aggression of Italy and Japan, the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France that encouraged further aggression, and the failure of Britain, France and Russia to form an alliance against Germany due to ideological differences.
Consolidation of Nazi Power - Reichstag's fire, February decrees, Enabling Actmrmarr
The Reichstag fire allowed Hitler to pass the February Decrees granting sweeping authoritarian powers. This included banning the KPD, restricting civil liberties, and enabling secret police arrests. One week later, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, transferring legislative power to Hitler and eliminating opposition. The Nazis then banned the KPD and SPD, established Goebbels as Minister of Propaganda, and consolidated one-party rule without constraints on their power.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER 1933-1934George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER 1933-1934. It contains: overview, Reichstag fire, general elections, enabling act, Gestapo, abolishing trading unions, the concordat, banning political parties, people's courts, night of the long knives, fuhrer, the events, Nazi government, Hitler and the army, homework.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATIONGeorge Dumitrache
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
Hitler and Nazi Germany - nazi consolidation of powermrmarr
The Nazis took power in Germany between 1933-1934 through a series of strategic moves. They gained popularity due to economic and political crises. In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor and then exploited the Reichstag fire to pass laws eliminating opposition. The Enabling Act granted him dictatorial powers. He banned unions and other parties, and brought the churches under Nazi control. In the Night of the Long Knives he had SA leaders killed to consolidate power. Hindenburg's death allowed Hitler to merge the roles of Chancellor and President, achieving full control over Germany.
The Nazi-Soviet Pact signed in August 1939 was a turning point that made Hitler's plans for invasion more achievable. It ensured Germany would avoid a two-front war by allying with the Soviet Union and allowing them to divide up Poland between them. This removed a major strategic concern for Hitler and made it difficult for him to change course once the pact was signed, opening the door for Germany to invade Poland on September 1st and precipitating Britain and France's declaration of war against Germany.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school twice. After World War 1 he joined the German Workers' Party and became its leader, changing its name to the Nazi Party. He was imprisoned for attempting to overthrow the German government but used this time to write Mein Kampf. After his release he gained popularity by blaming Jews and promising to restore Germany's economy and international power. He became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and quickly established a fascist dictatorship.
World War 2 was the largest armed conflict between 1939-1945. It involved two opposing alliances: the Allies (UK, France, US, USSR and others) and the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan). Some key events included Germany invading Poland in 1939, the US entering the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, and the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, leading to Japan's surrender. Over 60 million people died making it the deadliest conflict in history. The war redrew political maps and accelerated decolonization as European empires declined in its aftermath.
Hitler saw the Spanish Civil War as an opportunity to fight against Communism and test his armed forces. He supported the right-wing nationalist forces under General Franco, while Stalin supported the Republican government. Germany sent the Condor Legion to Spain, where the Luftwaffe practiced devastating bombing raids on civilian populations, such as the destruction of Guernica. After over 30 months of fighting that cost 250,000 lives, the nationalists emerged victorious, allowing Franco to establish an authoritarian regime in Spain. The Spanish Civil War provided benefits for Hitler by allowing him to strengthen ties with Mussolini, distract the West while expanding German power in Central Europe, and prepare German forces for future conflicts.
Wemar Germany - long term effects of the treaty of versaillesmrmarr
The long-term effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and the Weimar Republic are debated among historians. Some argue that the treaty helped undermine the Weimar government by fueling nationalist sentiment and anger at Germany's leaders who signed it. This increased support for radical right-wing parties and contributed to the Nazis rising to power. However, others maintain that factors like the German electoral system, fears of communism, and the worldwide Great Depression were also to blame for the Weimar collapse, rather than just the treaty alone. There are arguments on both sides of whether and to what extent the harsh treaty caused Germany's political instability in the early 20th century.
Sec 3N Hist (Elec) Chapter 3.3: Hitler's Germany (Impact of Hitler's Rule)Weng Lun Ho
Hitler consolidated power through intimidation and violence, becoming the sole leader of Germany by 1934. This brought some stability but repressed opposition and violated civil liberties. The economy recovered under Hitler's autarkic policies, reducing unemployment, but wages and freedoms were tightly controlled. While some Germans benefited, Hitler's racist ideology severely harmed Jews and other minorities, subjecting them to persecution, incarceration and genocide.
The Second World War began in 1939 with Germany invading Poland. Germany's aims were to expand its territory and dominate Europe. Other Axis powers like Italy and Japan also invaded neighboring countries. By 1940, the Axis occupied much of Europe through blitzkrieg tactics. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the US entered the war after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. From 1942-1943, the Allies began winning battles in Africa and Russia. D-Day in 1944 opened a second front as the Allies advanced on Germany from both east and west. Berlin fell to the Soviets in 1945, and Germany surrendered. The war ended after the US dropped atomic bombs on Japan, prompting its surrender.
1) O documento descreve o totalitarismo de Hitler na Alemanha, incluindo sua ascensão ao poder e a construção de uma ditadura nazista.
2) Hitler e o Partido Nazista ganharam popularidade explorando as dificuldades econômicas da Alemanha após a Primeira Guerra Mundial.
3) Sob o regime nazista, os opositores eram perseguidos e enviados para campos de concentração, enquanto os judeus eram alvo de perseguição e anti-semitismo.
Hitler and Nazi Germany - The Great Depressionmrmarr
The document discusses how Germans struggled during the Great Depression. It describes the economic problems Germans faced, including high unemployment levels, collapsed businesses, increased poverty and homelessness. The German government had difficulties dealing with the crisis. As a result of these economic hardships, support for extremist parties grew as Germans turned away from the mainstream parties. The Nazis in particular saw major gains by promising to improve people's lives. Historians believe the Depression was a key factor that allowed the Nazis to rise to power.
Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany through his charismatic leadership and nationalist rhetoric. He joined the German Workers' Party in 1919 and transformed it into the Nazi party, gaining popularity by blaming Jews and communists for Germany's defeat in WWI. After an unsuccessful coup attempt, Hitler was imprisoned but used his trial to spread his message. He then capitalized on Germany's economic struggles to rise legally through democratic elections before consolidating power and becoming dictator.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?George Dumitrache
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, a weak League of Nations that failed to stop aggression, the economic depression that led to the rise of extreme right-wing governments, countries adopting aggressive foreign policies for economic reasons, Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles and using force to expand Germany, the aggression of Italy and Japan, the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France that encouraged further aggression, and the failure of Britain, France and Russia to form an alliance against Germany due to ideological differences.
Consolidation of Nazi Power - Reichstag's fire, February decrees, Enabling Actmrmarr
The Reichstag fire allowed Hitler to pass the February Decrees granting sweeping authoritarian powers. This included banning the KPD, restricting civil liberties, and enabling secret police arrests. One week later, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, transferring legislative power to Hitler and eliminating opposition. The Nazis then banned the KPD and SPD, established Goebbels as Minister of Propaganda, and consolidated one-party rule without constraints on their power.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER 1933-1934George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER 1933-1934. It contains: overview, Reichstag fire, general elections, enabling act, Gestapo, abolishing trading unions, the concordat, banning political parties, people's courts, night of the long knives, fuhrer, the events, Nazi government, Hitler and the army, homework.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATIONGeorge Dumitrache
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
Hitler and Nazi Germany - nazi consolidation of powermrmarr
The Nazis took power in Germany between 1933-1934 through a series of strategic moves. They gained popularity due to economic and political crises. In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor and then exploited the Reichstag fire to pass laws eliminating opposition. The Enabling Act granted him dictatorial powers. He banned unions and other parties, and brought the churches under Nazi control. In the Night of the Long Knives he had SA leaders killed to consolidate power. Hindenburg's death allowed Hitler to merge the roles of Chancellor and President, achieving full control over Germany.
The Nazi-Soviet Pact signed in August 1939 was a turning point that made Hitler's plans for invasion more achievable. It ensured Germany would avoid a two-front war by allying with the Soviet Union and allowing them to divide up Poland between them. This removed a major strategic concern for Hitler and made it difficult for him to change course once the pact was signed, opening the door for Germany to invade Poland on September 1st and precipitating Britain and France's declaration of war against Germany.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school twice. After World War 1 he joined the German Workers' Party and became its leader, changing its name to the Nazi Party. He was imprisoned for attempting to overthrow the German government but used this time to write Mein Kampf. After his release he gained popularity by blaming Jews and promising to restore Germany's economy and international power. He became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and quickly established a fascist dictatorship.
World War 2 was the largest armed conflict between 1939-1945. It involved two opposing alliances: the Allies (UK, France, US, USSR and others) and the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan). Some key events included Germany invading Poland in 1939, the US entering the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, and the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, leading to Japan's surrender. Over 60 million people died making it the deadliest conflict in history. The war redrew political maps and accelerated decolonization as European empires declined in its aftermath.
Hitler saw the Spanish Civil War as an opportunity to fight against Communism and test his armed forces. He supported the right-wing nationalist forces under General Franco, while Stalin supported the Republican government. Germany sent the Condor Legion to Spain, where the Luftwaffe practiced devastating bombing raids on civilian populations, such as the destruction of Guernica. After over 30 months of fighting that cost 250,000 lives, the nationalists emerged victorious, allowing Franco to establish an authoritarian regime in Spain. The Spanish Civil War provided benefits for Hitler by allowing him to strengthen ties with Mussolini, distract the West while expanding German power in Central Europe, and prepare German forces for future conflicts.
Wemar Germany - long term effects of the treaty of versaillesmrmarr
The long-term effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and the Weimar Republic are debated among historians. Some argue that the treaty helped undermine the Weimar government by fueling nationalist sentiment and anger at Germany's leaders who signed it. This increased support for radical right-wing parties and contributed to the Nazis rising to power. However, others maintain that factors like the German electoral system, fears of communism, and the worldwide Great Depression were also to blame for the Weimar collapse, rather than just the treaty alone. There are arguments on both sides of whether and to what extent the harsh treaty caused Germany's political instability in the early 20th century.
Sec 3N Hist (Elec) Chapter 3.3: Hitler's Germany (Impact of Hitler's Rule)Weng Lun Ho
Hitler consolidated power through intimidation and violence, becoming the sole leader of Germany by 1934. This brought some stability but repressed opposition and violated civil liberties. The economy recovered under Hitler's autarkic policies, reducing unemployment, but wages and freedoms were tightly controlled. While some Germans benefited, Hitler's racist ideology severely harmed Jews and other minorities, subjecting them to persecution, incarceration and genocide.
The Second World War began in 1939 with Germany invading Poland. Germany's aims were to expand its territory and dominate Europe. Other Axis powers like Italy and Japan also invaded neighboring countries. By 1940, the Axis occupied much of Europe through blitzkrieg tactics. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the US entered the war after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. From 1942-1943, the Allies began winning battles in Africa and Russia. D-Day in 1944 opened a second front as the Allies advanced on Germany from both east and west. Berlin fell to the Soviets in 1945, and Germany surrendered. The war ended after the US dropped atomic bombs on Japan, prompting its surrender.
This document repeatedly mentions Amra Dzindo and appears to provide a chemical equation showing that carbon dioxide, water, and acid react to produce more carbon dioxide and energy. However, most of the text simply repeats the name Amra Dzindo, so the overall content and meaning are unclear.
2. Ekonomi
Berg och dalbana 1914-1939
Från högkonjunktur till lågkonjunktur 1920-1922
Arbetslöshet
Tyskland 1923
Svårigheter att betala krigsskadeståndet
Frankrike besätter Ruhrområdet för att tvinga fram betalning
Tyskland svarar med storstrejk vilket ger brist på varor,
prisstegring och arbetslöshet
Tyska regeringen trycker fler sedlar för att klara utgifterna
Katastrofal inflation ( 1000 000 000 000 mark för ett ägg)
Småföretagare och tjänstemän drabbas hårdast och tappar
tron på demokratin
3. Ekonomi
Återhämtning, begynnande välstånd
1924-1928
Tyskland får amerikanska lån och
investeringar
Tyskland får en ny myntenhet som
vinner allmänhetens förtroende
Efterfrågan på varor
Högkonjunktur (”det glada 20-talet”)
5. Den stora depressionen
Nyemission av aktier
Spekulation
Lån/avbetalning, genväg till rikedom
Överpriser
Bubblan spricker 1929
Kursfall, panikförsäljning
Hundratusentals förmögenheter försvinner
Banker i konkurs, arbetslöshet (Usa 1933 13
000000 arbetslösa) många fick lämna sina hem
6. Världsdepression
USA långivare till ”hela” världen
Krympande handel till stigande
arbetslöshet
Speciellt Tyskland drabbas
Inte rustade för att möta nedgången
7. Orsaker till krisen i USA
Obalans mellan tillfrågan och efterfrågan
Det gick inte att konsumera allt som producerades
Exportmarknaden kunde inte ta emot överskottet
Ojämn inkomstfördelning
Stor grupp av lågavlönade kunde inte konsumera det som
fans på marknaden
Högavlönade/förmögna använde endast en del av
inkomsten för konsumtion… pengarna gick till sparande
och investeringar
Underkonsumtion i förening och för stort sparande
blir orsaken till krisen
8. Franklin Roosevelt president
1932
”Amerikas folk kräver handling och handling
nu. Vår första och viktigaste uppgift är att ge
folk arbete, att reglera bankväsendet och
kreditmarknaden och göra slut på
spekulationer med andras pengar”
En period utan motstycke i USA:s historia
Roosevelt hundra dagar
Kongressen godkänner en rad lagförslag och
ger presidenten de fullmakter han begärde
9. Roosevelts – The new deal
Ökad arbetslöshetsunderstöd
Prishöjande stödåtgärder för jordbrukarna
Nödhjälpsarbeten i statlig regi
Åtgärder för att få ungdomar i arbete
Statlig kontroll över bankerna
Förtroende för demokratin och ett
sammanbrott för USA:s ekonomi förhindras
1939 hade ändå inte nationalinkomsterna
nått 1929 års nivå
10. Italien – Mussolini ”Il duce”
Efter WW1 ekonomiska svårigheter
och massarbetslöshet
Inga större vinster i kriget
Arbetare revolterar, Skräck bland de
borgerliga
Fascister( svarta skjortor) till makten,
1922 Mussolini regeringschef
Italien romarrikets arvtagare
11. Italien - Fascism
Demokrati och parlament för de svaga
Oppositionen tystas ner med hjälp av mord
och terror
Enpartistat – Diktatur – en stark ledare
Korporationer
Arbetare och arbetsgivare samarbetar
Dyrkan av våldet och handling
Man måste leva farligt och krigets stålbad gör
italienarna till män
12. Andra diktaturer
Spanien
General Franco gör uppror mot den valda regeringen
Ett grymt och hänsynslöst inbördeskrig
Portugal
Stöd av militären, kyrkan och överklassen
Rumänien, Bulgarien
Diktatoriska monarkier
Polen, Ungern
Militär diktatur
Estland, Lettland
Diktatoriska bondeledare
13. Nationalsocialism
(NAZISMEN)
Den biologiska enheten
Germanska rasen ”arier” överlägsna och skulle härska
över de underlägsna ”raserna” (judar, slaver osv.…)
”Rasforskning”
Dyrkan av våld och handlingskraft
Makt är lika med rätt
Folkgemenskap istället för klasskamp
Tjäna staten
En stark ledare
Trohet mot ledaren
14. Tyskland - Hitler
Kuppförsöket i München 1923
Inflation, arbetslöshet
Hitler ledaren, 5 års fängelse, avtjänar 9 mån
Börjar skriva ”Min Kamp”, han den utvalde
ledaren
Depression, början av 1930-talet
Framställer sig själv som det sista hoppet
Medelklassen ger sitt stöd
Sågs som ett skydd mot de ”röda”
(kommunisterna) av storföretagen som satsade
miljoner på Hitler
15. Tyskland - Hitler
Tyska valet 1932
Nazister och kommunister fick flest röster, men
ingen fick majoritet i riksdagen
Hitler rikskansler 1933
Stöd av storfinansen
Utlyser nyval
Riksdagshusbranden 1933
Nazister som låg bakom
Skylls på kommunister som jagas och fängslas
Yttrande-, mötes-, och föreningsfriheten dras in
vilket gör at oppositionen inte har en chans
16. Tyskland - Hitler
Tyska nyvalet 1933
Nazisterna fick ingen egen majoritet
Alla, utom socialdemokraterna, ger regeringen
mandat att agera utan riksdagens godkännande
RESULTAT: Nazisistpartiet får i praktiken
hela makten i Tyskland
Ett folk – Ett rike – En Führer
17. Tyskland - Hitler
Nazistpartiet enda tillåtna partiet
Hitler enväldig ledare ”Führer”
Fackföreningar och strejker förbjuds
Judar, kommunister och ”opålitliga” rensas
ut ur armén och förvaltningar
Censur införs
Industriell satsning på upprustning
Samhällsarbeten ger jobb åt de arbetslösa
Flyktvåg ur landet
18. Hitlers tre utrikespolitiska mål
Ta tillbaka det som förlorades i
Versaillesfreden
Rättigheter och områden
Sammanföra alla tysktalande områden till
ett stortyskt rike, Anschluss (anslutning)
Utöka tyska territoriet österut, lebensraum
(livsrum)
Slaver en mindre stående ”ras”
19. Tysklands agerande före WWII
Rhenlandet, våren 1936
En demilitariserad zon i Tyskland
Österrike ansluts till Tyskland, mars 1938
Sudetområdet (Tjeckoslovakien), sept 1938
Den sk Münchenöverenskommelsen
Storbritannien och Frankrike går med på att det tyskspråkiga
Sudetområdet i Tjeckoslovakien skall tillhöra Tyskland
Tyskarna kommer bakom det tjeckiska försvaret
Resten av Tjeckoslovakien intas, mars 1939
Tjeckoslovakien Europas vapensmedja
Icke angreppspakt med Sovjetunionen
För att undvika ett tvåfrontskrig