This document presents research on measuring the effectiveness of telecom regulation in Pakistan. It identifies key independent variables like market entry, allocation of scarce resources, interconnection, and tariff regulation. The dependent variable is the telecom regulatory environment. Data was collected through surveys of industry stakeholders, observers, and the public to understand their perceptions. The findings show straightforward license conditions, mutually negotiated interconnection rates, and improved quality of service and tariff regulation. Future research could examine if higher regulatory environment scores directly improve connectivity and choices for consumers.

1. MEASURING EFFECTIVENESS OF
TELECOM REGULATION
PRESENTED BY:
KASHIF NAVEED
10E0052
1

2. DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
 Independent Variables
 Market Entry
 Stakeholder perceptions about the conditions for entering and operating
in the market. Transparency of licensing, ease of obtaining a license,
barriers to entry and Growth
 Allocation of Scarce Resources & QoS
 Spectrum, rights of way and numbering, actual performance of a service
with respect to what is promised
 Interconnection
 Interconnection rates, mechanism for setting those rates, interconnection
locations, time taken to obtain interconnection, mechanisms for sharing
of related revenue and related costs.
 Tariff Regulation
 Regulatory environment related to consumer price regulation
 Dependent Variable
2
 Telecom Regulatory Environment
 Clarity of roles and objectives, autonomy, participation, accountability,

3. EXPECTED RELATIONSHIP
S/No Dependent Independent Relationship
. Variable Variable
1 TRE Market Entry Positive
2 TRE Quality of Service Positive
(QoS)
3 TRE Allocation of Positive
Scarce
Resources
4 TRE Interconnection Positive
5 TRE Tariff Regulation Positive

4. DATA COLLECTION METHOD
 Survey Technique (Primary Data)
 Opinion of those directly or indirectly impacted by regulatory actions
4

5. SAMPLE SIZE
 Category-I
 Those directly involved in service provision within the sector such as
operators, equipment vendors equipment manufacturers.
 Sample Size : 30
 Category-II
 Those indirectly impacted by the sector or those studying and those
observing the sector with broader interest such as consultants and
lawyers.
 Sample Size : >100
 Category-III
 Those who represent the broader public interest such as media
personnel, other government officials, former regulators and staff,
and civil society organizations.
 Sample Size : >500 5

6. INSTRUMENTS
 Questionnaire (Quantitative)
 Questionnaire was framed in the format of Likert scale for
data collection.
 The responses ranged between Highly Ineffective to Highly
Effective
6

7. FINDINGS
 The conditions for obtaining a new mobile license or renewing and exiting one
are straightforward - each operator has to pay USD 291 million.
 License conditions are enforced
 operators indeed negotiate their interconnection rates mutually(RIO-
Reference Interconnection Offer)
 Tariff Regulation have even improved since 2006 ,Fixed has increased from
3.7 to 3.9; mobile has increased from 3.5 to 3.9)
 QoS has improved since 2006.
7

8. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
 Higher TRE scores necessarily result in increased
connectivity, increased choice etc, after controlling for other
factors (such as the political climate, economic conditions )
8