additional lecture notes

1. Lesson 9.2
Types of Irony

2. Learn about It
A figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that
is contradictory to what the words actually mean.
Irony

3. Learn about It
This occurs when the audience is aware of something that the
characters in the story are not aware of.
Dramatic Irony

4. Learn about It
● In the film Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, when the
troll goes into the girls' bathroom, Hermione doesn't know
the troll is heading there. But Harry, Ron, and the audience
do.
● In the series Sherlock, Sherlock has always been seeking help
from Molly. Molly is always there to help him because
everybody except Sherlock knows that she is in love with him.
Examples of Dramatic Irony

5. Learn about It
This occurs when the exact opposite of what is expected to
happen, happens. This means that both the audience and the
characters in the story are unaware of the consequences of
the situation.
Situational Irony

6. Learn about It
● A social media post complaining how useless social media
is
● A rice farmer who does not have anything to eat
Examples of Situational Irony

7. Learn about It
This is saying something that is contradictory to its intended
meaning. It occurs when a speaker aims to be understood as
meaning the opposite of what he or she is actually saying.
This type of irony is very common in novels and poems.
● Uttering “That was funny” after hearing a lousy joke.
Verbal Irony

8. Learn about It
Sarcasm has an intention to mock or insult using satirical or
ironic remarks.
● “I work 40 hours a week to be this poor,” said a construction
worker to his wife after seeing their dinner table.
Kinds and Examples of Verbal Irony

9. Learn about It
Exaggeration or overstatement is a statement that makes
something worse, or better than its original status or
meaning. This is used for extra stress and drama in a piece of
work or speech.
● If I don’t get the papers this afternoon, my boss will kill me!
Kinds and Examples of Verbal Irony

10. Learn about It
Understatement is a figure of speech employed by writers or
speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less
important than it really is.
● You are out to dinner with a friend who spills food down
the front of her white shirt. An understatement would be:
"Really, it's hardly noticeable."
Kinds and Examples of Verbal Irony

11. Drills
Identify whether the statement is dramatic, situational,
or verbal irony. Write D for dramatic irony, S for
situational irony, and V for verbal irony.
1. George breaks a date with his girlfriend so he can go to a
ball game with the guys. At the concession stand, he
runs into his girlfriend with another guy.
2. There is a fitness center with an escalator at the
entrance.

12. Drills
3. You are watching a horror movie. You know that the bad
guy is waiting for the main character in the closet, but the
character doesnʼt know and opens the closet door.
4. As you walk outside into the pouring rain, your friend
sarcastically comments, “What lovely weather weʼre
having today.”
5. A protester is holding a placard that says “Get a brain,
MORANS.”

13. Drills
6. A police station gets robbed.
7. An advocacy poster that states “Childhood obesity. Don’t
take it lightly” is placed right above a McDonald’s
advertisement.
8. When watching a talk show, the audience knows why a
person has been brought on the show. However, the
person in the chair does not know that they are going to
be reunited with a long lost friend.

14. Drills
9. Readers know that Lucy doesn’t like Tom, but Tom
believes the opposite.
10. “Oh, I guess it’s a fair price,” says a customer over the
shining diamond ring. Then, he leaves.
11. Dr. Johnson smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.
12. The reader knows that a storm is coming, but the
children playing on the playground do not.
13. A man’s internet breaks during an online job
interview for a job as a computer technician.

15. Drills
14. A woman’s shoes get drenched in the rain and she
says “I think the water just gave them a new fashionable
touch!”
15. A pilot is afraid of heights.
16. The Titanic, the most indestructible ship on the ocean,
hits an iceberg and sinks.

16. Drills
18. The teacher failed a test.
19. After looking at a student’s poor test score, the
teacher says, “You will surely finish the year with highest
honors”.
20. The wife believed that her husband died in an airplane
crash and but the audience was aware that the husband
had survived.