1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 101
ACTIVITY 1: INTRO TO ANAPHY
NAME: Barrientos, Isaac Josh E. YEAR & SECTION: BSPSY-2B
Bases on what you have watched and read, answer the following questions by writing
your answer below each question.
1. What is ANATOMY? 2pts
● Anatomy is derived from the Greek words Tomy (Cut) and Ana (Apart)
which means to cut apart. Is the study of the structure and shape of the
body and its parts and their relationships to one another.
2. What is PHYSIOLOGY? 2pts
● Is the study of how the body and its parts work or function. It is derived
from the greek words Physio which means nature/origin and Ology
which means to study.
3. What is meant by “complementarity of structure and function”? 2 pts
● The complementarity of structure and function concept asserts that
structure is dependent on function, and that a structure's form is related to
its function.
2. 4. Describe the hierarchy of organization of the human body and briefly describe
each level. 12 pts
● Chemical level - Atoms (building blocks of matter) combine to form
molecules such as water, sugar, and proteins.
● Cellular level - Cells are made up of molecules
● Tissue level - Tissues consist of groups of similar cells that have a common
function.
● Organ level - An organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue
types that performs a specific function for the body.
● Organ system level - Is a group of organs that work together to
accomplish a common purpose.
● Organismal level - The highest level of structural organization.
5. What is HOMEOSTASIS? 2 pts
● Describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal
conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing. It
indicates a dynamic state of equilibrium, or a balance in which internal
conditions change and vary but always within relatively narrow limits.
6. Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION. 5 pts
● Anatomical position, or standard anatomical position, refers to the
positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward
with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing
forward. The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing
forward.
7. Describe / define the following terms:
A. Plane 4pts
a. Sagittal Plane - Is a cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of
the body, dividing the body into right and left parts.
b. Parasagittal plane - A vertical cut that is off-center that separates the
left of the specimen from the right in unequal portions.
c. Coronal Plane - A vertical plane running from side to side; divides
the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.
3. d. Transverse Plane – Is a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body
or organ into superior and inferior parts. It is also called cross section.
B. Directional Terms 11 pts
a. Superior - Above
b. Caudal - Below
c. Anterior - Front
d. Posterior - Back
e. Medial - Close to midline
f. Lateral - Away from midline
g. Proximal - Close to point of attachment
h. Distal - Far from point of attachment
i. Intermediate - Between two structures
j. Superficial - Close to surface
k. Deep - Toward interior of body
C. Anatomical Landmarks 15 pts
a. Cephalic - Head
b. Orbital – Eye Area
c. Cervical – Neck region
d. Acromial – Point of shoulder
e. Antecubital – Anterior surface of elbow
f. Brachial – Arm
g. Carpal - Wrist
h. Crural – Shin
i. Deltoid – Curve of shoulder formed by large muscles
j. Digital – Finger, toes
k. Inguinal - Groin
l. Femoral - Thigh
m. Sural – Calf
n. Calcaneal - Heel of foot
o. Plantar - Mid foot
