Nobel prize was awarded to Thomas H. Morgan in 1933 for his work on chromosome heredity.

1. MB 613 (2) Nucleic Acid Lab 27 th January, 2012 By Akmam Chowdhury

4. Research topic A specific chromosome and his white-eyed flies. Research methods Table 1: Morgan's observed results, as well as the expected outcomes for a recessive trait that shows a normal Mendelian pattern of inheritance where 3:1 ratio of red eyes to white eyes would be shared equally among males (♂) and females (♀).Morgan's data, however, looked very different. Cross Outcome Expected Phenotypes Observed Phenotypes P 1 Red ♀ × P 1 White ♂ F 1 = All Red F 1 = All Red* F 1 Red ♀ × F 1 Red ♂ 75% Red ♀ and ♂ 25% White ♀ and ♂ 50% Red ♀ 25% Red ♂ 25% White ♂

6. Table 4: Morgan 's Second Test Cross, 3:1 ratio (2 nd generation) Table 5: Morgan 's Third Test Cross - white eyes were in fact not lethal in females, because it produced a 1:1:1:1 ratio Male Gametes X + Y Female Gametes X + X + X + X + Y (Red male) X w X + X w (Red female) X w Y (White male) Male Gametes X + Y Female Gametes X + X + X + X + Y (Red male) X w X + X w (Red female) X w Y (White male)

7. Continue… Table 6: Morgan 's Fourth Test Cross - this cross yielded all white-eyed males and all red-eyed females, Morgan could indeed conclude that the white-eye trait followed a sex-linked pattern of inheritance. Male Gametes X + Y Female Gametes X w X + X w X w Y X w X + X w (Red female) X w Y (White male)

9. - Morgan did not approve, scientific data acquired by passive observation about genes resided on chromosomes. - In addition, he was not convinced that morph present in an organism based on the blending of parental contributions, an idea from pre-Mendelian scientists. - He was sure that researchers who promoted chromosome theory of inheritance of gamete formation, they ignored counterevidence. - In fact, he thought the concept of genes was an invention that link the mysterious paths of chromosomes and discontinuous inheritance patterns.

15. External link: http://www.bookrags.com/research/morgan-thomas-hunt-gen-03/ http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1933a.html http://www.genetics-gsa.org/pages/thomashuntaward.shtml http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Morgan/morgan.html http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/thomas-hunt-morgan-and-sex-linkage-452 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/press.html http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/ http://www.smart-publications.com/articles/protect-your-chromosome-telomeres-naturally-by-encouraging-telomerase - http://www.dnadietvitamin.com/telomeres-and-product-b/