The document contains a series of warmup puzzles and logic problems. It begins with 6 warmup puzzles involving deductions about family relationships, Venn diagrams, comparing heights of brothers, and determining the number of false statements in a list. The next section shows 10 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about the Earth, its size, composition, and various geographic and climatic features. The final section provides feedback and solutions to the multiple choice questions.

1. TABLE QUIZ
CHALLENGE

2. 1. WARMUP PUZZLES
Kevin, Joseph and Nicholas are 3 brothers. If the following are all
true, which of them is the youngest?
Kevin is the oldest.
Nicholas is not the oldest.
Joseph is not the youngest.

3. Kevin, Joseph and Nicholas are 3 brothers. Which of them is the
youngest?
Nicholas
1.WARMUP PUZZLES

4. 2. WARMUP PUZZLES
Merlin realizes that all Alakazams are Open Sesames, and some
Hocus Pocuses are Alakazams.
Is it true that some Hocus Pocuses are Open Sesames?

5. 2. WARMUP PUZZLES
Euler Diagram:

6. 3. WARMUP PUZZLES
5 brothers compare their heights
and find that Alex is taller than
Brian but shorter than Charlie;
Daniel is taller than Edward but
shorter than Alex.
Who is the tallest?

7. 3. WARMUP PUZZLES
5 brothers compare their heights
and find that Alex is taller than
Brian but shorter than Charlie;
Daniel is taller than Edward but
shorter than Alex.
Who is the tallest?

8. 4. WARMUP PUZZLES
1. There is exactly 1 false statement in this list.
2. There are exactly 2 false statements in this list.
3. There are exactly 3 false statements in this list.
Exactly how many false statements are there in the list above?

9. 4. WARMUP PUZZLES
1. There is exactly 1 false statement in this list.
2. There are exactly 2 false statements in this list.
3. There are exactly 3 false statements in this list.
Exactly how many false statements are there in the list above?

10. 5. WARMUP PUZZLES
Suppose you are visiting an island
with knights who always tell the
truth, knaves who always lie, and jokers who
can do either.
What must the islander be?

11. 5. WARMUP PUZZLES
Suppose you are visiting an island
with knights who always tell the
truth, knaves who always lie, and jokers who
can do either.
What must the islander be?

12. 6. WARMUP PUZZLES
Exactly one statement is true.
Which box has the car?

13. If Box 2 contains the car, then the statement on Box 2 would be False (it is in box 2!),
the statement on Box 1 would be False (it's not in box 1), and only the statement on
Box 3 is True (yes, the car is not in box 1). Thus, it looks like the car is in Box 2!
But, let's rule out the other possibilities to double check!
If Box 1 contains the car, then the statements on both Box 1 and Box 2 are true, so
this is impossible.
If Box 3 contains the car, then the statements on both Box 2 and Box 3 are true, so
this is impossible.
6. WARMUP PUZZLES

14. While you know all four types of food are inside and each box only contains one type
of food, you also know that only one of the boxes is labelled correctly. What's the
minimum number of boxes that you need to open to be guaranteed (regardless of
luck) to find out which one is labelled correctly?
7. WARMUP PUZZLES

15. Open the box labelled Apples; if it's labelled correctly we're done, otherwise we'll find either
bananas, carrots, or dates. In any of these cases, we know either that the boxes labelled
Bananas, Carrots, or Dates must also be mislabelled.
If the first opened box has bananas inside, then the box labelled Bananas is incorrect and either
Carrots or Dates are correct.
If the first opened box has carrots inside, then the box labelled Carrots is incorrect and either
Bananas or Dates are correct.
If the first opened box has dates inside, then the box labelled Dates is incorrect and either
Bananas or Carrots are correct.
No matter the circumstance, after opening one box we're down to two remaining boxes that
might be the correctly labelled box. Open either one of them. If it's the correctly labelled box,
we've found it. Otherwise the remaining unopened box is correctly labelled and we've found it.
We don't need to open it to double check. 2

16. Assume that you are playing a Tic-tac-toe game with an opponent. You are playing as X while
your opponent plays as O. The game is played as follows:
Find all the possible grid tiles where you can put an X - mark that will help you
guarantee yourself a win under best play.
8. WARMUP PUZZLES

17. Assume that you are playing a Tic-tac-toe game with an opponent. You are playing as X while
your opponent plays as O. The game is played as follows:
Find all the possible grid tiles where you can put an X - mark that will help you
guarantee yourself a win under best play. (b or e)
8. WARMUP PUZZLES

18. How many green squares should be placed on the right side of the bottom scale
in order to make it balance when released?
9. WARMUP PUZZLES

19. How many green squares should be placed on the right side of the bottom scale
in order to make it balance when released? 5
9. WARMUP PUZZLES

20. How much does a single red square weigh?
10. WARMUP PUZZLES

21. How much does a single red square weigh? 10g
10. WARMUP PUZZLES

22. ROUND 1

23. Q 1: FOOD PRODUCTION
Only 11% of the Earth’s
surface is used to grow food.
What % is not used?

24. Q 2: WATER
70% of the Earth’s surface
is covered in water.
What % is not?

25. Q 3: ICE
10% of the Earth’s surface
is covered in ice.
What % is not?

26. Q 4: AIR
The Earth’s air has 78%
nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
What % is left for other
gases?

27. Q 5: TEMPERATURE
The temperature of the Earth’s
interior increases by 1 degree
every 18m down.
What is the temperature 180m down if it is 10 degrees C at
ground level?

28. Q 6: LIGHT
The Sun is 150,000,000km from
Earth. Light travels at 300,000km
per second.
How many minutes (whole number) does light take to reach
Earth from the Sun?

29. Q 7: DESERTS
One fifth of the land on
Earth is covered by desert.
What percentage of the land on the Earth is not covered by
desert?

30. Q 8: ORBIT
The Earth doesn’t take 365 days
to orbit the sun. It takes 365 days,
5 hours & 48 minutes.
What do we call the year that makes up for this extra 5 hrs &
48 mins which happens every four years?

31. Q 9: ORBIT
The Earth revolves about its own
axis which gives us day and night.
How many hours (approx.) does it take to revolve on
its own axis?

32. Q 10: SIZE COMPARISON

33. Q 10: SIZE COMPARISON
The diameter of the sun is 1,392,000 km
The diameter of the Earth is 110 times smaller
What is the diameter of the Earth?

34. END ROUND 1
PLEASE CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

36. The 11 Times Trick
We all know the trick when multiplying by ten – add 0 to
the end of the number, but did you know there is an
equally easy trick for multiplying a two digit number by 11?

37. Take the original number and imagine a space between the two
digits (in this example we will use 52:
5_2
Now add the two numbers together and put them in the middle:
5_(5+2)_2
That is it – you have the answer: 572.
52 x 11 = 572

38. If the numbers in the middle add up to a 2 digit number, just insert
the second number and add 1 to the first:
So 99 x 11=
9_(9+9)_9
(9+1)_8_9
10_8_9
1089 – It works every time.

39. ANSWERS FROM ROUND 1

40. Q 1: FOOD PRODUCTION
Only 11% of the Earth’s surface
is used to grow food.
What % is not used?
100% - 11% = 89%

41. Q 2: WATER
70% of the Earth’s surface
is covered in water.
What % is not?
100% - 70% = 30%

42. Q 3: ICE
10% of the Earth’s surface
is covered in ice.
What % is not?
100% - 10% = 90%

43. Q 4: AIR
The Earth’s air has 78%
nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
What % is left for other gases?
78% + 21% = 99% leaves 1%

44. Q 5: TEMPERATURE
The temperature of the Earth’s
interior increases by 1 degree every
18 m down.
What is the temperature 180m down if it is 10 degrees C at ground level?
180m ÷ 18m = 10. 10 degrees + 10 =
20 degrees

45. Q 6: LIGHT
The Sun is 150,000,000km from
Earth. Light travels at 300,000km per
second.
How many minutes does light take to reach Earth from the Sun? 150,000,000 ÷ 300,
000 = 500 seconds ÷ 60 =
8 mins

46. Q 7: DESERTS
One fifth of the land on
Earth is covered by desert.
What percentage of the land on the Earth is not covered by desert?
One fifth = 20%. So 80% is not covered by desert.

47. Q 8: ORBIT
The Earth doesn’t take 365 days to
orbit the sun. It takes 365 days, 5 hours
& 48 minutes.
What do we call the year that makes up for this extra 5 hrs & 48 mins
which happens every four years? A LEAP YEAR

48. Q 9: ORBIT
The Earth revolves about its own
axis which gives us day and night.
How many hours (approx.) does it take to revolve on its
own axis?
24 hours

49. Q 10: SIZE COMPARISON

50. Q 10: SIZE COMPARISON
The diameter of the sun is 1,392,000 km. The diameter of
the Earth is 110 times smaller.
What is the diameter of the Earth?
1,392,000km ÷ 110 = 12,654km

51. ROUND 2

52. Q 11: SATELLITES
The Earth has 1 moon and 2 co-orbital
satellites:
2002 AA29 (60 metres across) and 3753
Cruithne.
TRUE or FALSE?

53. Q 12: POSITION
The Earth is the THIRD planet
closest to the sun.
TRUE or FALSE?

54. Q 13: SHAPE
What shape is
the Earth?

55. Q 14: SIZE
What is the approx.
circumference of the
Earth:
4,000km
40,000km
400,000km

56. Q 15: POSITION
Standing still on the
equator you are moving
at 1600km per hour ….
TRUE or FALSE?

57. Q 16: AGE
Earth is about
4.54 billion
years old.
Write this number in digits only!

58. Q 17: WORLD RECORDS!
The lowest temperature recorded on Earth
came from Russia’s Vostok Station at minus
89.2 degrees Celsius on 21, July 1983. The
temperature in Bunclody was 20 degrees
Celsius.
How many degrees lower was the temperature in the Antarctic than
Bunclody on that day?

59. Q 18: WATER
The Antarctic ice cap contains
about 70% of the Earth’s fresh
water.
What % is found in rivers and lakes all over the world?

60. Q 19: UP HIGH
The tallest mountain is Mt. Everest
at 8848m high. The Burj Khalifa is
828m tall.
Approx. how many times taller is Mt Everest than the
Burj Khalifa?

61. Q 20: HIDDEN MOUNTAINS
The longest mountain range is the
Andes (7000km). The longest range
below sea level is called the Mid-Ocean
Ridge. It is over 9 times longer.
Approx. how long is the Mid-Ocean
Ridge?

62. END ROUND 2
PLEASE CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

64. If you need to square a 2 digit number ending in 5, you can do
so very easily with this trick.
Mulitply the first digit by itself + 1, and put 25 on the end. That
is all!
252 = 25 x 25 = (2x(2+1)) & 25
2 x 3 = 6
625

65. The same can be done for decimals:
2.5 x 2.5 =
(2x(2+1)) & .25 =
6.25
6.5 x 6.5 = 6 x 7 + .25
= 42.25
8.5 x 8.5 = 72 + .25 = 72.25

66. ANSWERS FROM ROUND 2

67. Q 11: SATELLITES
The Earth has 1 moon and 2 co-orbital
satellites:
2002 AA29 (60 metres across) and 3753
Cruithne.
TRUE

68. Q 12: POSITION
The Earth is the THIRD planet
closest to the sun. TRUE
My Very Easy Method-
Just Set Up Nine Planets
Mercury Venus Earth
Mars Jupiter Saturn
Uranus Neptune Pluto

69. Q 13: SHAPE
What shape is
the Earth?
SPHERE

70. Q 14: SIZE
What is the approx.
circumference of the Earth:
4,000km
40,000km
400,000km

71. Q 15: POSITION
Standing still on the equator you
are moving at 1600km per hour
….
TRUE

72. Q 16: AGE
Earth is about 4.54
billion years old.
4,540,000,000

73. Q 17: WORLD RECORDS!
The lowest temperature recorded on Earth
came from Russia’s Vostok Station at minus
89.2 degrees Celsius on 21, July 1983. The
temperature in Bunclody was 20 degrees
Celsius.
How many degrees lower was the temperature in the Antarctic than Bunclody on that
day? 89.2 + 20 = 109.2 degrees

74. Q 18: WATER
The Antarctic ice cap contains
about 70% of the Earth’s fresh
water.
What % is found in rivers and lakes all over the world? 100% -
70% = 30%

75. Q 19: UP HIGH
The tallest mountain is Mt. Everest at
8848m high. The Burj Khalifa is 828m
tall.
Approx. how many times taller is Mt Everest
than the Burj Khalifa? 10 times

76. Q 20: HIDDEN MOUNTAINS
The longest mountain range is the
Andes (7000km). The longest range
below sea level is called the Mid-Ocean
Ridge. It is over 9 times longer.
Approx. how long is the Mid-Ocean Ridge? 7000km × 9 =
63,000km

77. ROUND 3 –PENULTIMATE ROUND

78. Q 21: HIDDEN MOUNTAINS
The deepest point on the ocean floor is
11,035m below sea level in the Mariana
Trench.
How many metres below the surface of the sea
would the top of Mt Everest (8848m) be if you
could put it there?

79. Q 22: THUNDER & LIGHTNING
Which travels
faster? Light or
Sound?

80. Q 23: COASTLINES
Coastlines cover about
20% of U.S. (not including
Alaska), and are home to
more than 50% of the U.S.
population
What % live away from the
coasts?

81. Q 24: BREATHING GIANTS
The General Sherman giant
sequoia is 83.8 m tall. The
tallest tree is Hyperion and
is 31.9m taller.
How high is Hyperion?

82. Q 25: TINY CREATURES
The Kitti's hog-nosed bat
found in southeast Asia is
only about 30 millimeters
long and weighs only 2
grams.
How many would fit on a 30cm ruler?

83. Q 26: CROWDED PLACES
Manila in the Philippines is
the most densely
populated place in the
world with 43,000 people
per square km.
Dublin is 35 times less densely populated. Approx how
many people live per km2

84. Q 27: OPEN SPACES
Greenland is the least
densely populated place in
the world with 0.14 people
per square km.
Australia has 2.9 persons per km2
Approx how many times more densely populated is Australia
than Greenland?

85. Q 28: DRY PLACES
The driest spot on Earth
is the Atacama Desert of
Chile and Peru.
In the centre of this desert how many mm of rain have
been recorded in the last 50 years?

86. Q 29: SIZE
How many planets in
our solar system are
bigger than the
Earth?

87. Q 30: EARTH DAY
April 22, every year is
celebrated as Earth Day.
How many days in 2017
were gone before Earth
Day?

88. END ROUND 3
PLEASE CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

90. Multiply by 5
Most people memorize the 5 times tables very easily, but when you get in to larger numbers it
gets more complex – or does it? This trick is super easy.
Take any number, then divide it by 2 (in other words, halve the number). If the result is whole, add
a 0 at the end. If it is not, ignore the remainder and add a 5 at the end. It works every time:
2682 x 5 = (2682 / 2) & 5 or 0
2682 / 2 = 1341 (whole number so add 0)
13410
Let’s try another:
5887 x 5
2943.5 (fractional number (ignore remainder, add 5)
29435

91. ANSWERS FROM ROUND 3

92. Q 21: HIDDEN MOUNTAINS
The deepest point on the ocean floor is
11,035m below sea level in the Mariana
Trench.
How many metres below the surface of the sea would the top of Mt Everest
(8848m) be if you could put it there?
11035m – 8848m = 2187m

93. Q 22: THUNDER & LIGHTNING
Which travels faster? Light or
Sound?
LIGHT (300,000km/sec)
SOUND
(0.340km/sec)

94. Q 23: COASTLINES
Coastlines cover about
20% of U.S. (not including
Alaska), and are home to
more than 50% of the U.S.
population
What % live away from the coasts?
50%

95. Q 24: BREATHING GIANTS
The General Sherman giant
sequoia is the biggest tree 83.8
m tall. The tallest tree is
Hyperion and is 31.9m taller.
How high is Hyperion? 83.8m + 31.9m = 115.7m

96. Q 25: TINY CREATURES
The Kitti's hog-nosed bat found
in southeast Asia is only about
30 millimeters long and weighs
only 2 grams.
How many would fit on a 30cm
ruler? 30cm = 300mm ÷ 30mm = 10

97. Q 26: CROWDED PLACES
Manila in the Philippines is
the most densely
populated place in the
world with 43,000 people
per square km.
Dublin is 35 times less densely populated. Approx
how many people live per km2
43,000 ÷ 35 = 1228

98. Q 27: OPEN SPACES
Greenland is the least
densely populated place in
the world with 0.14 people
per square km.
Australia has 2.9 persons per km2 Approx how
many times more densely populated is Australia
than Greenland?
2.9 ÷ 0.14 = 20

99. Q 28: DRY PLACES
The driest spot on Earth is
the Atacama Desert of
Chile and Peru.
In the centre of this desert how many mm
of rain have been recorded in the last 50
years? 0mm

100. Q 29: SIZE
How many planets in our
solar system are bigger
than the Earth? 4 (Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus & Neptune,)

101. Q 30: EARTH DAY
April 22, was Earth Day.
How many days in 2013
were gone before Earth
Day?
31+28+31+21 = 111

102. ROUND 4 –
LAST ROUND

103. Q 31: CIRCUMFERENCES
The Earth's
equatorial
circumference
(40,075 km) is
greater than its
polar
circumference
(40,008 km.
How many metres longer is
the equatorial
circumference?

104. Q 32: HIGHEST & LOWEST
The highest
recorded
temperature on
Earth is 58°C in Libya
in 1922, the lowest
recorded
temperature -89.6°C
in Antarctica in
1983.
How many degrees C
difference between the
high and low?

105. Q 33: SATELLITES
38,000 man-made
objects have orbited
the Earth since the
launch of Sputnik in
1957. On average, approx. how
many for each year since
1957.

106. Q 34: LIGHTNING
How often does
lightning strike the
Earth each day?
860
8,600
86,000
860,000
8,600,000

107. Q 35: BABIES
Approximately
259,200 babies are
born every day.
How many are born
every second?

108. Q 36: SPACE JUNK
NASA estimate that
on average how
many pieces of
space junk fall to
Earth each day?
1
10
100

109. Q 37: SHARKS
About 10 humans are killed
by sharks each year.
How many
sharks are killed
by humans?
100
1,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000

110. Q 38: GOLD
99% of Earth’s
gold lies at its
core
TRUE or FALSE?

111. Q 39: SPACE STATION
Total cost of
the
International
Space Station
$150
$150 million
$150 billion

112. Q 40: SEASONS
Earth's axis of
rotation
being tilted
more than 23
degrees
causes the
seasons.
How many seasons
are there?

113. END ROUND 4
PLEASE CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

115. If you have a large number to multiply and one of the
numbers is even, you can easily subdivide to get to the
answer:
32 x 125, is the same as:
16 x 250 is the same as:
8 x 500 is the same as:
4 x 1000 = 4,000

116. ANSWERSFROM ROUND 4

117. Q 31: CIRCUMFERENCES
The Earth's equatorial
circumference (40,075
km) is greater than its
polar circumference
(40,008 km.
How many metres longer is the equatorial
circumference? 40,075km – 40,008km = 67km

118. Q 32: HIGHEST & LOWEST
The highest recorded
temperature on Earth is
58°C in Libya in 1922, the
lowest recorded
temperature -89.6°C in
Antarctica in 1983.
How many degrees C difference
between the high and low? 58 + 89.6 =
147.6 degrees

119. Q 33: SATELLITES
38,000 man-made
objects have orbited
the Earth since the
launch of Sputnik in
1957.
On average, approx. how many for each year
since 1957. 2017 – 1957 = 60 years. 38000 ÷ 60
= 633 objects

120. Q 34: LIGHTNING
How often does
lightning strike the
Earth each day?
860
8,600
86,000
860,000
8,600,000

121. Q 35: BABIES
Approximately
259,200 babies are
born every day.
How many are born every second?
259200 ÷ 24hrs ÷ 60mins ÷ 60sec = 3

122. Q 36: SPACE JUNK
NASA estimate that
on average how
many pieces of
space junk fall to
Earth each day?
1
10
100

123. Q 37: SHARKS
About 10 humans are killed
by sharks each year.
How many
sharks are killed
by humans?
100
1,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000

124. Q 38: GOLD
99% of Earth’s
gold lies at its
core
TRUE

125. Q 39: SPACE STATION
Total cost of
the
International
Space Station
$150
$150 million
$150 billion

126. Q 40: SEASONS
Earth's axis of
rotation
being tilted
more than 23
degrees
causes the
seasons.
How many seasons
are there? 4

127. Fill in each of the squares with a distinct digit such that all of
the three equations are true? (use 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 only
once)
1 – 9 PUZZLE

128. 1 – 9 PUZZLE
2 x 3 = 6
1 + 7 = 8
9 - 4 = 5

129. The mass of a full jar of honey is 1000 grams.
With half of the honey, the total mass is 600 grams.
What is the mass of the empty jar in grams?
1. END PUZZLES

130. The mass of a full jar of honey is 1000 grams.
With half of the honey, the total mass is 600 grams.
What is the mass of the empty jar in grams? 200g
1. END PUZZLES

131. What weight will the fourth scale display?
2. END PUZZLES

132. 2. END PUZZLES

133. What is the area of the red figure?
All arcs shown are of circles with a radius of 2.
3. END PUZZLES

134. What is the area of the red figure?
All arcs shown are of circles with a radius of 2. 8
3. END PUZZLES

135. The large right triangles are identical.
Which is larger, the pink area on the left or the blue area on the right?
All internal triangles are similar to the larger triangles.
4. END PUZZLES

136. The large right triangles are identical.
Which is larger, the pink area on the left or the blue area on the right?
All internal triangles are similar to the larger triangles.
Pink = 6/9 = 2/3 = 0.666* Blue = 10/16 = 5/8 = 0.625
4. END PUZZLES

137. A square has line segments
connecting corners to
midpoints, as shown.
What fraction of the larger
square is coloured green?
5. END PUZZLES

138. A square has line segments
connecting corners to
midpoints, as shown.
What fraction of the larger
square is coloured green? 1/5
5. END PUZZLES

139. SOME FACTS

140. Antarctica has as much ice as the
Atlantic Ocean has water!

141. 90% of rubbish in the world’s
oceans is plastic

142. The 8.3 billion tonnes of plastic is as heavy as a
billion elephants.

143. 99% of the living space on Earth is
represented by oceans!

144. 97% of water is Salted
3% is Fresh

145. 90% of all volcanic activity occurs in
the oceans.