Master Laptop Repair: Unlock the Secrets of Schematic Learning and Become a Skilled Technician - A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners to Advanced Users

How To Become
a Laptop Technician
From Zero to Hero
LEARNING SCHEMATIC
Kang solihin

CONTENTS
1. Recognition and Scope of Reparation Theory
2. Basic Components of SMD on Motherboard Laptop
3. Datasheet
4. MOTHERBOARD STRUCTURE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book is made for laptop technicians, either beginners or someone
who learn to repair laptops and want to learn more about everything
related to laptop repair.
Equipped with an introductory guide to the components contained in
a laptop. Also equipped with how to measure components and how
to repair a laptop based on the scheme

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1. Recognition and Scope of Reparation Theory
1. User Manual
A user manual is a guide book for customer or user. Usually, there
is in one package when you buy a new laptop.
2. Service Manual
As a technician, the service manual serves as a standard laptop
unloading procedure. If there is the latest series that we never do

2
maintenance on the laptop, then the service manual may be
needed. There are many wrong procedures in dismantling and
assembling, and it can cause the case to be cracked or broken.
Some other descriptions can be our guide on the field. On the
official website of each laptop, the brand provides a service manual
for its products. Example: up screen short from DOC (Service
Manual).
3. Power Flowchart
Damage Case: LCD is too dark
The checking stage starts from the inverter and checks sections
“AC_BATT_SYS.” If there is a problem in this section, either the
Voltage or the socket is damaged, then fix it. The execution process
finish. If there is no problem in this section, then check and
continue to the next section.
Signal control, note the direction of the arrow, and so it goes. This
is the technique of checking with FLOWCHART media. Some brands

3
provide this media like ASUS. From here, we know what parts to
check. So the flowchart acts as an SOP for checks and breakdowns.
4. Schematic
In general, the function of the schematic diagram is:
1. To know the interface/path connection between components
(component communication).
2. To know the point of measurement and its value.
3. To know the input and output points (stage, etc.).
4. To know how a circuit works to analyze the circuit.
5. To know the code, type, and value of a component.

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5. Datasheet
In general, the function of a datasheet is:
1. To know the details of component functions and how they
work.
2. To know the term signals on the component pins as well as the
function and how it works.
3. To know the reference input and output voltage of a
component as a material comparison or equation component.
4. To know the value of the Voltage on each pin component

5
2. Basic Components of SMD on Motherboard
Laptop
The component form is divide into two, and they are standard
components and SMD or mini components. The characters are also
divided into two, i.e., active and passive components. The active
component is a type of electronics component that requires an
electric current to work in an electronic circuit that can amplify and
direct electrical signals and convert energy from one form to
another (transistors and IC diodes). A passive component is a type
of electronic component that works without current electricity. It
cannot strengthen and rectify electrical signals and cannot convert
energy to another form (resistor, capacitor, etc.).
1. Fuse
Fuse serves as security. If there is a shorting circuit, this component

6
will be broken. On older laptops, the cause totally dead laptop is
this component on the DC IN circuit. The shape of the component
can be seen in the picture above. The green ones are mostly found
in circuit LED panels, circuit LVDS and CRT.
1.1. Fuse Character in the Circuit
The fuse character in the circuit is almost the same as the inductor
and full-up resistor. If the component had a problem, it would cut
off the positive Voltage of either input or output. The measuring
technique is very simple:
Scale the multimeter on the buzzer. Red probes and black probes
are each attached to both poles of the PIN, and the component is in
a free probe position. If the multimeter makes a sound, then the
fuse is fine, even though its value is below 0.10, because attributes
also have no negative poles (which do not require negative poles
for the working conditions of components are fuse and inductor
components. Vice versa, if the multimeter does not make a sound,
it means that the fuse is damaged. The key lies in the multimeter,
whether it makes a sound or not.

7
Overview of measurement techniques
(This measurement is specific to determine if the component is
damaged or not, not to measure the value of a component's
resistance).
Trick: scaled position in buzzer mode or diode value. Use a digital
multimeter. Applies to all components with their characteristics.
2. Resistor
SMD or mini component resistor in the laptop motherboard serves
as resistance, and if its value is 0 - 000, the resistor acts as a jumper
(fuse).

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The resistor colour and shape on laptop motherboards are
generally black and green, as in the image above. Often found in
power jack/DC jack and charging circuit.
In particular, the resistor functions as resistance and commonly
use in circuit electronics. In general, this component has a complex
process depending on the placement in a circuit. A resistor in a
laptop motherboard circuit generally serves as resistance, voltage
divider, comparator, full up, safety, jumper, and current limiter.
The resistor also has a resistance value and its resistance to the
circuit. I hope you do not stop here. Please learn more specific,
either via browsing or sharing. Learn more about SMD RESISTOR
with the links below:
Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor.
One type of resistor is a lice resistor. In the laptop motherboard
circuit, the functions are very complex depending on the circuit's
layout, and the number is huge. Lice resistor is almost found in all
motherboard circuit systems. To note here is not the form but the
code. Because there are other components with a shape that is
both small and same colour but not R (resistor), however L
(inductor).
Resistors are also often referred to as resistance. I will discuss it
briefly. Please understand more deeply and more specifically about

9
resistor, OHM law, and calculation of resistance to current and load
for a more advanced level.
This component's characteristics will break the current and Voltage
or change the value of the Voltage itself if damaged, especially in
the input circuit. Other problems are if the resistors fail, the input
will not flow to the system/IC. The damage caused by this lice
resistor is almost all of the characteristics of laptop damage (no
charging, totally died, no display, etc.).
SMD Network means that one component can contain multiple
resistors with the same resistance value in one package or
component form. This type of resistor we often encounter in the
keyboard path. This component is rarely damaged except on the
2000s motherboard output with error keyboard problems.
2.1. Characteristic of Resistors in the Circuit
 Resistor as Resistance
The resistor that acts as resistance or current limiter is a lice
resistor. As much as 70% of the laptop motherboard resistors
are used as resistance on the positive Vin input line. The
characteristic of this component, if it is broken, will break the
Voltage. If the resistance value changes or does not match the
recommendation on the circuit schematic, then the resulting

10
output value is not appropriate and impacts the error circuit or
circuit problem (resistor stretched).
If the value of a resistor is smaller, then greater the value of
the current. Likewise, the bigger the resistor's value, then the
current value becomes smaller (learn how to measure the
current/ampere). If the current value is greater than the value
of a resistor, then the resistor will break.
The resistor's leakage due to the decrease in the resistor's
value affects the current consumption, and the Voltage is
wasted to ground. This is an event called DROP (the Voltage
and current do not match the load). If the resistor value
becomes 0, it will result in leakage of Voltage, which is directly
wasted to the ground and short circuit.
 A resistor as a Reducer Voltage / Voltage Divider
In principle, the voltage divider resistor consists of two
resistors arranged in parallel. It will produce an output voltage
½ of the input voltage, provided that two resistors have the
same resistance value. Still, if the values are different, it will

11
affect the current consumption depending on the resistance
value.
This system is also often used in comparator circuits—variable
resistor circuit on charging and RTC circuit. The resistor in use
is a kind of lice resistor.
 Resistor Grounding
This resistor is rarely damaged. Used in-circuit grounding and
full down resistor or parallel resistor that one of its legs is
connected to Ground/system grounding.

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2.2. Resistor Measurement
In addition to knowing the form of symbols and functions as a
material damage analysis and an absolute requirement to read a
schematic, technicians must also identify whether the component
is still good or damaged. You have to master the measurement
material. Although you do not understand the circuit's
components' characteristic, you can directly fix a laptop. Since I did
my own research, it has been proven that 80% of laptop technicians
do not have a basic electronics background or engineering
education. And some use "road techniques" (ask other people what
is broken, which part should be replaced. Then, without thinking
much, they immediately practice it). So, you can do it! In this book,
you are provided with the basic provisions of electronics. And also,
at the core of this book, you will learn a schematic diagram.
There are 3 stages of the procedure for carrying out the correct
component identification process:
1. Check the condition of the component (bad or good).
This identification is the most straightforward execution
technique, such as improving the mechanical system (readable
and visible) with the characteristics of cracked or burned
components. In this case, thoroughness and quietness is the
key. There are many cases, technicians have checked many
components, and it turns out only the power cable is detached.
2. Check with a chip detection technique
Touch/hold on the component body, If the component feels
hot, 70% there is a problem with the component.

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3. Measurement (advanced method)
An execution technique invisible to the eye, not heard by the
ear, cannot be touched by hands because it must use other
media, such as measuring instruments. We must first master
one gauge called a digital multimeter.
Measurements are divided into 2 stages:
1. The measurement without Voltage
Removing the component or tensing one component of the
circuit/motherboard or the component legs on the lift next.
2. Measurement with Voltage
This technique is used to measure the value of input and
output voltage).
Measurements without Voltage with special tool SMD
TESTER, this method measures the suitability of the
resistance value of component and schematic.
Note: The use of SMD TESTER tools will be accurate. This
technique measures a resistor's value where the result is to
match the component resistance value in the schematic (if
there is no resistance in the component body). Overtime or
due to the weakness of a circuit/damage circuit, component
values may change.
This measurement method provided that the input has a
voltage (use a PSU 30V - 5A only, because the current

14
consumption can be seen on display for ease in other
engineering methods). And the measurement technique is
like this; to find out the amount of Voltage before passing the
resistor and passing it. Before or after the resistor pass, the
input and output values must be the same, except for the
ampere value input and output values before or after the
resistor pass must be the same. If the output value after
passing the resistor differs more than 3 digits, it can be sure
the resistor is damaged. The problem is a resistor on most
motherboards and almost used in all circuit systems. Do not
worry; the resistors' damage is characteristic of complicated
damage and from 10 laptops only 4 where the resistors cause
damage.
The technique of measuring:
Black probe standby on the ground. Scale the multimeter at DC 20V
(which is important that the value of the Voltage we will measure
must exceed the scale of the multimeter). Notice the arrows of
numbers one and two, which is the first measurement on the input
before passing the resistor and the second after passing through
the resistor or output. Whereas 1 and 1 written steps may be

15
measurements on the IC pins directly because of one output line
after the resistor, the important thing is that no other component
passes the output path after the resistor. Resistors in the VIN line
are causes of damage with voltage loss characteristics, protect
switch and light up briefly then die. (IC does not work because it
does not get the power supply disconnected because of the
resistor).
3. Capacitor
Capacitors are a component that has many types and also forms.
One of them, which are in use in laptop motherboard. As shown in
the picture (Elco SMD type), apart from its function as a load
storage area on the laptop motherboard, it also functions as a filter
in switching and decoupling circuits. Elco also has a resistance value
with the symbol μF (microfarad) and the component body's
Voltage. Higher the value of μF on the capacitor in the filter circuit
will be better, and the voltage value on the capacitor must exceed
the number of voltage values to be passed. The weakness of Elco is
the leakage of components that causes the value of the output
voltage to change the drop. Even short circuit is often found on the
problem of 3V and 5V circuits as well VCC core.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor.

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Capacitors have different shapes and series, just like a resistor. One
of them is like the picture beside (type SMD Tantalum). In addition
to its function as temporary load storage. In the motherboard
laptop, also it functions as a filter in switching and decoupling
circuits. Let's look at the symbols and shapes. The Elco and
tantalum components have positive and negative poles, so
installing the circuit should not be inverted (Elco may be replaced
with tantalum vice versa). This type of component is widely used
for alternate NEC/TOKIN replacement on the VCC core in case of no
display, with the characteristic of no display total voltage VCC core
drop 0v - 0.9V. It should be noted that NEC/TOKIN is also included
in component capacitor families.
Capacitors have different shapes and series. One of them is like the
picture on the side (SMD Ceramic type). Works as a filter noose if
we are Pay attention to symbols and shapes. Ceramic type
components have no poles, so the installation may be reversed. We
often find on the 19V input bypass path in all circuit systems and
one of the causes of the most dominant motherboard short circuit
(this type of component often suffered damage, especially in the
short circuit).

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3.1. Characteristic of Capacitors in the Circuit
Shorting = A meeting between positive and negative poles and this
component's characteristic if it breaks it does not break the
current/Voltage like FUSE or RESISTOR, but connects/matches the
two poles that should be separated (positive and negative). This
event is often called a short circuit.
Note: as we see in the picture, the bipolar capacitor component is
arranged in parallel and connected directly to the VIN (source
voltage of the circuit system) and on the foot after it is connected
to the ground. And what happens if this component is
damaged/short? Then all VIN lines in all systems will be affected
by short. Although the damage is only one component. The more
mounted capacitors in this circuit, it will be better. But
unfortunately in the laptop motherboard series only installed 3 - 2
pieces only. And this component is the top score of total dead
laptop damage from past to the present, almost in all electronic
devices without exception, laptop motherboard. If we find the
short circuit, it has been narrowed in just one circuit by removing
the jumper/disconnecting the jumper path or the inductor
component.

18
The techniques to find a shorting capacitor arranged parallel as in
the picture beside, remove the capacitor whose value is the largest
in the schematic diagram because it is usually the most damaged
first. Parallel arranged capacitors serve to flatten currents and
voltages (currents and voltages are always directly proportional).
The basic principle of the capacitor is the charge storage and then
releases it. While the capacitors are arranged in series, the
characteristics will be different. If the input voltage goes up, it fills
the charge, and if the Voltage drops, it will dispose of the charge.
The capacitor will conduct electricity when the input is off or in AC
mode and charges when it is ON or DC mode. There are 2 functions:
the first function to block the DC voltage and the second function
to smooth the AC voltage.
The characteristic of the polar capacitor switching circuit
regulator's components acts as AC signal filters generated by the
coil/inductor in the switching process. These components are
BOXES and ROUNDS (tantalum and Elco). Unlike tantalum, Elco
value will decrease faster over time. And the use of Elco that I know
on the motherboard circuit is not lovely, but I cannot deny the price
is very low. It's almost the same as the type of ceramic capacitor,
but it does exist in additional cases. If these components are
damaged, especially those using Elco, then the output value will
change. For example, 5V can be 0V or 1V +. It often occurs in 3V
and 5V circuits (shown in the picture below).

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3.2. Capacitor Measurement
 Measurement of capacitors using voltage
Note: This measurement only measures the safe voltage point
because the capacitor's shape and scope are too wider. For the
tip of the multimeter probe, we can also modify the
multimeter tip with the needle. The black probe does not
always have to be on the ground pin of the capacitor. It can be
in the screw hole or any part as long as it is safe and is a ground
path.

20
 Measurement and identification of capacitor
Because the capacitor has a positive and negative pole, it will
result in a short circuit (the negative and positive poles occur
due to the capacitor's leakage) if this component is damaged.
Although only 1 component of the capacitor is damaged in one
circuit, it affects the other circuit.
The measurement is almost the same as the voltage
measurement, the difference is only the scale position on the
buzzer, and the motherboard's position is not fed by Voltage.
If the component is damaged: check the probe. The diode
mode value is below 0.10 (the measurement requirement is to
lift the component's leg).

21
4. Inductor
The inductor function in the laptop's motherboard is used to
switching circuits. The inductor in the switching circuit system
serves to store the charge. It is utilized for saving measurement
points and capacitors, but the measurement results more
accurately to the capacitor than the inductor. Basically, in-circuit,
switching inductor, and capacitor function are the same, to save
current when the switch is connected and release its charge when
the switch is released, but there are advantages of each
component. Inductors are widely used as circuit breakers one and
another when the execution process narrows the motherboard's
characteristic shorting. And in other techniques, inductors are used
as short-chip detectors and short circuits.

22
4.1 . Characteristic of Inductor
In a switching circuit system, the inductor stores the charge when
the switch is connected and discharges, current constantly enters
the load when the switch is released. This component is never
damaged unless the type of small inductor is shaped like a lice
resistor in the LVDS and GPU systems. As well as capacitors,
inductors are utilized for safe measurement points. Inductors are
also used for syringes point and integral circuit breakers between
one series and another (narrowing the search for short tracking on
standard execution methods).
Note: There are many repetitions of the same word to be easier to
remember and faster to understand until you are bored with the
repetition means you can already remember it.

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4.2 . Inductor Measurement
Identification of inductor measurement determines good or bad is
very simple.
Techniques: The term does not use voltage and scale position on
the buzzer/diode value mode. If the multimeter rang, it means the
component is still good although its value is below 0.10

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5 Diode
The diode has different forms and series. One of them is like the
image beside. In the motherboard laptop, the general function of a
diode is for rectifier and alternating current protection. A diode is
an active component of a semiconductor which consists of junction
P-N / A / K. The characteristic of the diode is that it can conduct
current at forwarding voltage and inhibit current at reverse
voltage. There is another name for the circuit diode, also known as
a rectifier. You can develop more specific later. But on component
delivery materials for motherboard focus on memorization codes
and symbols for applications on the material because the initial
requirement of a reading schematic is memorizing the form and the
next symbol-function and circuit analysis.
Diode Zener is an electric component made of a semi-conductor
and a diode type for operating in Reverse Bias Circuit. When paired
to Circuit forward bias, Zener Diodes will have the characteristics
and functions as normal diodes in general, but on laptop
motherboard, diode Zener lot on use for voltage stabilizer.

25
As a switch control in the circuit, the form and function are like a
transistor, but it’s different. This Three leg diode function in the
motherboard laptop is for circuit protection and helping the
transistor.
The function of the LED Diode in the motherboard laptop is almost
95% for the light indicator. Because power consumption is very
low, a lot of product motherboard using SMD DIODE LED type.
Damage on the motherboard diode is very rare. It is like just 1 in 10
laptops. If the diode is broken or damaged, it will break the
charge/voltage/current. To measuring diode, equate measuring
diode with inductor measurement techniques. And if the three-leg
diode, watch the direction at diode symbol A to K.

26
6 Transistor
Transistors function as amplifiers, breakers, connectors (switches),
voltage stabilizers, and signal modulation. But generally, in the
laptop motherboard, 3 legs transistors in use as a switch.
In many laptop motherboards, its use in switching circuits
detector/protection circuit. (Charging area/DC Jack area and
LVDS). For extra, be careful when you want to remove the LCD or
the other part, you have to take off the battery, and the adapter
should not plugin.
P - Channel Mosfet in laptop motherboard used in charging and DC
circuits Jack, which functions as protection circuit to close or pass
the 19V / S5 circuit voltage. While outside the bypass line DC jack
and charging, this component is not in use. In the Input Voltage

27
circuit and any output, the value is the same except the gate, which
is ½ value of input and output values (generally), although not all
of them. This component's characteristic decided payload and only
move on the positive track, which works as ordered from the gate
between passing the Voltage or not (switch). If this component is
broken, the input will find the Voltage, and at the output do not
find. With the condition on the gate, there is a voltage. In reality,
this component's damage characteristics are: Cannot use batteries,
cannot wear adapter, batteries cannot charging. Must Plugin the
adapter even though the battery has full.
The protection system will be active if there is a short in the output
path after the charging circuit, resulting from the Voltage is only at
the MOSFET input only (but the MOSFET is in good condition). So,
do not directly fix the MOSFET, mainly on total dead short damage.
First, make sure the output path of the MOSFET is not the short
way by measuring the diode value mode (buzzer) the position of
the motherboard does not use Voltage.
The red probe on the output leg of the MOSFET and the black probe
on the ground, and if it beeps sound, can be sure there are short in
the lane output after MOSFET, especially on VIN path. So all you
have to do is checking on the VIN line.
The shape of MOSFET N-Channel is the same as MOSFET P-channel
but has a different function. N-channel in laptop motherboard is

28
often used to lower Voltage and current amplifiers in switching
(step down) inside the switching/SMPS circuit. This component is
often found and used for VRAM circuits, VCC CORE, GPU CORE, 3V,
and5V. After memorizing shapes, symbols, and codes, develop a
specific theory about this MOSFET. This component is very
important both from the pin and the system. It works with a
datasheet. There is a double name of MOSFET in the latest
motherboard and designed MOSFET in BGA chip system. If you are
basically having missed much, we can catch up on this, and there's
no word too late to learn.
6.1. N-Channel and P-Channel Mosfet Characteristic
P – Channel Mosfet is often found in DC jack and Charging circuits.
Character and the function of this component serve as a protection
circuit. For example, If there is a short after output (pin 5678), then
automatically gate on pin 4 will open the gate as ordered from
SYSTEM. Consequently, the Voltage is only present on pin 123 only.
And if not found a short circuit on the output, then 90% certainly
this MOSFET is problematic. And other problems are also sourced
from MOSFET underneath (we call it a small transistor 6 legs).

29
In a parallel arrangement (HIGH and LOW), N-Chanel Mosfet is
continuously simple, works for the switching process. Its function
is to decrease Voltage according to gate command voltage from DC
or IC 3V and 5V. This is the conclusion of the difference between N-
channel and p-channel MOSFET. If N-channel is identical to the
parallel circuit while P-Channel identical to the series.
Consider one of the legs of the MOSFET that is connected to the
ground. If this component is damaged, consequently SHORT
CIRCUIT, even the damaged underneath or above the MOSFET. A
gate on the N-channel MOSFET is rarely problematic because no
component is passed (toll roads). Except, the absence of a gate or
command voltage of the controller itself (in this case, IC 3V and 5V
problem).
The characteristics of toll roads can be to narrow down the
identification of measurements on the circuit. The characteristics
of this component, if damaged, will be a short circuit. And its effects
on all circuits are almost equal to the capacitor. Although only one
component is damaged, the other components will be affected on
short notice.
The solution may remove one by one of the affected components
subject to shorting indications or more quickly by injection
technique. May take off the adjacent inductor to bypass the
connection between the circuits. We develop later in material
system 3V and 5V. (If you still are confused with the material of
functions and applications to the circuit, we as technicians simply
hold on to how to test/check the components either good or not,
that is enough).

30
6.2. Good and Damaged Component Testing
K1 is a scale on a multimeter, and remember this technique is
simply no need to make complicated and dizzy because the
technique is an art. Jump to the measurement, we divided it into 2.
They are the measurement of voltage and component
measurement. The measurement of Voltage is the measurement
using Voltage, while component measurement does not use
Voltage. And that we will discuss from the sample image above is
the component measurement. Do not read this material first, if
the previous material about the form's components, symbols and
functions have not memorized yet.
And if already memorized, we go again slowly. If the component is

31
damaged, note the picture G3, the measurement is enough to
reverse the probe with the K2 scale, and we are pegged on one
theory only (if we have reversed the probes, and there are sounds,
then the component is damaged).
The rest of the results that the component is still good or worthy
use, the measurement may be inside or outside circuit. And only
applies to DIODE, MOSFET, CAPACITOR, while the special one for F
(fuse), if we have reversed the probes, and there is a sound, its
means the components are in good condition. For resistor and IC,
measuring for resistor measurement using a special tool called
SMD tester because of its accuracy. As for measuring IC, later we
will explain through the method of measuring the Voltage.
Accurate measurement by removing the leg component next/side
lift.
6.3 Testing of Legs Components
Measurement of 3 Legs Components
1. Red probe on one middle leg and the black probe on the
right leg should have value on the multimeter display. Then
we reverse the probe position, the red one on the right PIN

32
and the black one on the single PIN (there should be no
value on the multimeter display).
2. If the measurement results are not described, then the
component is damaged (or else failure).
3. Testing should be without Voltage and remove the
components.
7 Crystal
This serves as a clock pulse producer. Crystals are an important
component in the Oscillator circuit and RTC circuit. In use within
the scope of the high component speed. For example, PCH and EC
as a series of generators/working conditions of the Chipset
component is the point. Crystal in the oscillator circuit can only be
measured with oscilloscope/counter at least 100 Mhz. But do not
worry. This component is rarely damaged except on the system
itself or where the component is placed on a circuit like an input
circuit before entering it, like resistor/comparator capacitor.
8 CMOS

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It functions to save BIOS settings and time/date in the
motherboard. Before the mandatory Voltage, there is actually a
voltage on the motherboard called CMOS. There are 2 terms of the
same name but different functions like RTC and RTC circuit crystal
oscillator. Later we will encounter in schematic what is the RTC
circuit.
If the CMOS is corrupted, then the time setting will always be
changing. On windows will be an error, especially when browsing.
In other cases, if the CMOS battery is damaged or discharged when
in the adapter plug, the laptop immediately flames itself. I often
forget to reinstall CMOS after the execution process. It is a
mandatory law when the CMOS execution process must be first off
to avoid fatal error (in CMOS, there is a voltage 3V, there is a
description in the component body).
Testing the CMOS in good condition or not is easy; just measure it.
If the CMOS voltage is 3V, then CMOS is ok. If the Voltage drops to
1V or even 0, then CMOS is not worth wearing. So how do you
measure it? We continue this slowly.
9 Connector

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Sockets that are in technical language are called
connector/connection/conductor. In the electricity is call terminal.
Many connectors in Laptop motherboards' scope, such: power
jack, battery, Keyboard socket, Ram, Processor, HDD, DVD, etc. So
each CN code is the connector. This component is never damaged
except for physical defects or bad solder. It will cause no
communication or disconnection. The solution: repeat the solder.
The terminal join, or in schematic called jumper (which works to
connect one system and others). Also used for reset points. For its
shape, please take the sample of Motherboard and pay attention.
There is a small solder pile like a hill. If we release the solder
terminal join, it will be disconnected.
There is no need to explain this because we may already know.
After all, it is often found in all electronic devices and electrical
systems. That needs to be a benchmark; there is SW code, which
means switch.

35
10 IC
IC (Integrated Circuit) is Component active electronics consisting of
composite hundreds or even millions of transistors, resistors, and
other components integrated into an Electronics Circuit in small
packaging. Forms of IC also vary, ranging from 3 Legged to
hundreds of legs (terminal). IC functions are also diverse, ranging
from amplifier, switching, and controller to media storage.
Generally, IC is used as a brain in Electronics Equipment. IC is a
semiconductor component that is very sensitive to ESD (Electro
Static Discharge). For example, IC that function as a brain on a
computer called a Microprocessor consists of 16 million transistors,
and that number has not yet been included in other electronic
components.
All components with PU code are IC, but the code function is
different. A lot of PU on the motherboard. For beginners, you
should be creative to take one sample motherboard, see how much
PU in the motherboard, and then take a look datasheet to know
the function and how it works.
As time passes, you will know each PU's function with its code
because only a few IC manufacturers use laptop motherboards like

36
Realtek, Broadcom, Atheros, TPS, Maxim, etc.
IC is the brain of each circuit (controller). Let us simplify easily; only
if IC for voice, then we call IC sound. If IC for 3V and 5V, then its
name also i3 3V and 5V. And the location of the IC is not far from
the hardware that will be enabled.
Identification of a good or bad IC should be used schematic to know
the input pin and outputs. Measurement techniques must also use
Voltage, not like other components in general. We continue on
series later. The IC shape is a box-like picture on the side. There is
also a square and always identical to the number of pins; it’s many
pins. And there are also shapes such as a MOSFET. So we are in
demand from symbol codes or their respective forms component.
We describe some common IC for advanced knowledge on some IC
component materials as we can see in the picture:
For basic measurement techniques, just be enough to input and
output first.

37
11 Amplifier and Digital Logic Gates
PU in symbol schematic shaped like a digital gate, its components
are almost similar to 6 or the word amp is identical to the amplifier
on old home-based electronic devices, such as radio.
But in a laptop motherboard, the amp functions as a regulator of
power/Regulation of power, which is already specially designed in
an IC system. However, some do not. We will find OP-AMP on the
diagram IC work system in the component datasheet. Knowledge
of digital systems little important, and for beginners this material,
you can skip it first. The symbol resembles a logic gate digital, even
there is a resemblance to gate notes and Schmitt trigger ones. Its
function is to clean up and amplifies the signal before it is sent to
the output and advanced circuit. There are characteristic also in the
gate system logic like Schmitt trigger gate, there are inverting
(almost the same With NOT gate) and some NON-Inverting 8 legs
MOSFET. But just calm down; this type of component is rare in
damage.

38
3. Datasheet
A Datasheet is a complete description of a component about its
function, Characteristic, How to Work, work system, pin
description, etc. Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datasheet
So with Datasheet, we will easily know each component's functions
in the motherboard more specific and complete. How to read the
datasheet? The key is Learning and learning, reading, reading,
and reading, and you will understand the key.
In technician's worlds, especially in IC usage datasheet enough to
know the source of incoming Voltage and function, to make sure
the component is good or damaged, that's it. We will see the
description below and the points: There are terms of input voltage,
and the most common in use is VIN and VCCP.
How to Search Datasheet
Lots of websites that provide document datasheet or component
data, for example, https://www.ti.com/ or
http://www.alldatasheet.com/

40
Description and component function
Description of system circuit work

41
Detail description of work system circuit and detail description of
the PIN function
A detailed description of input and output

42
Diagram description of IC work system
A detailed description of the terms of the IC work

43
Description of signal and voltage details

44
4. MOTHERBOARD STRUCTURE
1. Design and Architecture
Image 1 Motherboard Structure
A motherboard is a place for components and paths that are
interconnected. You can see at image 1.
Image information: note the first picture
 Image 1 (Schematic)
Is a layout, path and information about components in the
motherboard (schematic is a motherboard map)
 Image 2 (Design)
In the electronics engineering world, motherboard design is
included in the scope of the material engineering drawings. If
we look at simulation schematic - design - layout on the image

45
no 2, there is a difference of path form (art technique). However,
based on its function is the same as the conductor
 Image 3 (Layout)
Form a perfect circuit that has been installed components and
ready to enable. Please simulate, and then look at the next 3
sample images in the table. And I hope you already understand
this theory.
2. Tracing/Motherboard Path
Image 2 Motherboard Structure
Image information:
Note different image 2 and see the difference image 1 to 3.
Image 1: Is the basic structure of the motherboard after the print
design process.
Note (No 1 - 2 - 3 - 4) is a type of path that has been modified with
the art of drawing. So also in image 2 where the motherboard has
been given colour. Besides beautifying motherboard, it is also to
prevent short circuits/shorting materials with conductive
properties when direct contact with the motherboard paths.

46
Notice in the image 1 and 2 in the description of the image no 3
where the end of the path in connection with circles, and circles are
directly related to the motherboard part board path rear as an
example in image 3 simulated the front lane and the rear lane of
the board motherboard. There is even manufacture that designs 3
layer motherboards (front lane - middle -Back).
And note the example motherboard image in the bottom table and
see the path.
3. Component Code
The component codes are contained on the laptop's motherboard.
If we apply with a country map, the component code is the
city/province's names as a layout hint. While the path is a named
street that connects it.

47
Table of component code names
4. PIN 1 Simulation Form
Image Information:
No. 1: The position of the IC legs always arranged reversed
clockwise.

48
No. 2: Enlarge the image and note the order of the 1 st to last leg
position following the reverse direction clockwise. But we must be
careful when looking at the pin position on the schematic. It
because on schematic pin position in random or not sequentially
unlike on the motherboard.
No. 3: Special position for large or regular shaped IC we often find
in IC SIO/CHIPSET. The position of 1 leg is in the straight line of the
code's initial capital letters on the component (inside the scope PIN
1 motherboard is usually marked with arrow code, Lines, and dots).
No. 4: PIN 1 above is in the straight line of the code's initial capital
letters on the component.
Note: There is a difference between the images and position of PIN
1, as you can see in the picture No 3 and No 4. This is possible
confusing. The solution, we note the PIN 1 on the components and
PIN code 1 on the motherboard before discharging the
components so that the installation process is not reversed
because it will become a fatal result. Or often pay attention to
Position PIN 1 on all motherboards brands as a material
comparison for advanced understanding.

49
5. Simulation Form Code Components and PIN
Picture information:
Enlarge the image and note the position of PIN1 on component and
motherboard. PIN code 1 on motherboard symbolized with the
code: triangle arrows, lines, and dots. On other motherboards, we
often find the PIN code 1 in the form of two triangular curve lines.
Take one sample motherboard then apply this material.

50
Note component code on motherboard below
6. Code Board
Code board function in the motherboard are :

51
 Looking for hardware drivers.
 Looking for motherboard bios files easily.
 Looking for a motherboard schematic easily.
 Code board on the motherboard includes the code
board in the schematic diagram (must be the same
Code) this serves to match the data in all the scope of
motherboard and schematic.
7. The technique to Find Component on Motherboard and
Schematic
This technique can be applied to :
 The component burns so that when it comes to replacing
the component code and the type of detail that is in use is
not visible or burned. Then the schematic role here will be
in need.
 Find component layout for schematic

52
Example :
We want to find component (C387), then that we need
is schematic and after open schematic press keyboard
ctrl - F (then well show the navigation box then write
C387 then the layout of the components and the circuit
in the schematic will open. This technique applies to all
components. And can to overcome Lane burning. Fast
watering can also be using the software board view
facility.
8. Board Viewer
(Just go to the steps below)

53
Board view may be combined with a schematic to be more
accurate. Because in general, the board view function is to find the
motherboard's location faster. Significantly, the blank code
motherboard.

54
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