IOM is the leading international organization on migration issues. The document discusses trafficking in persons (TIP), specifically in conflict zones. TIP involves exploitation through means such as force, coercion or abuse. It is a global problem influenced by factors like poverty, discrimination and demand for cheap labor. Identifying victims is challenging as they may not see themselves as victims, mistrust authorities and fear retaliation. IOM works to counter TIP through projects focused on data collection, prevention, capacity building, and victim protection.
This document discusses the issue of modern-day human trafficking and slavery. It notes that there are an estimated 27 million people currently enslaved worldwide, more than at any other time in history. Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that exploits victims for forced labor, sex work, and other forms of exploitation. While trafficking occurs all over the world, the document outlines that it is a particular problem in the United States, with over 100,000 women and children trafficked into the country each year. Steps that individuals and organizations can take to fight human trafficking are presented.
The document discusses various principles of fraud including:
1) Definitions of fraud, corporate fraud, management fraud, and financial statement fraud.
2) The fraud triangle consisting of pressure/motivation, opportunity, and rationalization as the three elements common to every fraud.
3) Characteristics of typical fraudsters including that they are usually someone trusted and not initially suspected, and profiles of high-level and low-level thieves.
4) Taxonomies used to classify fraud including against customers/investors, criminal/civil, for/against the company, and internal/external fraud.
5) The "fraud tree" categorizing fraud into fraudulent statements, asset
Human trafficking is a major criminal industry that generates billions in profits each year through the exploitation of an estimated 2.5 million victims internationally. It involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to exploit individuals for commercial sex acts or forced labor. While human smuggling involves cross-border transportation with the eventual release of individuals, trafficking victims are controlled through violence, debt bondage or other punishments upon arrival at their destination.
Organi-cultural deviance 2013- White Collar Crime & CriminalityJoe Collins
This document summarizes a presentation on organizational deviance and white collar crime. It discusses how corporate culture and leadership can enable criminal behaviors when goals emphasize profits over ethics. Deviant organizations exhibit traits like illusion of invulnerability, groupthink, and pressure to conform. Examples provided include corruption in government, toxic leadership at firms like Lehman Brothers, and parallels between criminal gangs and some corporations. The document advocates reducing unethical behavior through clarity on standards, role modeling, achievable goals, transparency, and enforcement.
This document provides an overview of money laundering and financing of terrorism. It defines money laundering and outlines the three main stages of the money laundering process: placement, layering, and integration. It also discusses the global scale of money laundering, common predicate crimes, and legal and illegal sources of terrorist financing. Challenges in combating money laundering are presented, along with an overview of international anti-money laundering organizations and initiatives.
Whistleblowing involves drawing public attention to wrongdoing to prevent harm. It refers to reporting misconduct within an organization. There are different types of whistleblowing, including internal and external. The purpose is typically to alert the public, protect democratic values, and stop misuse of power. Effective whistleblowing policies provide protection and procedures for reporting issues anonymously. While whistleblowing can benefit public safety, it often negatively impacts the whistleblower's career and relationships. Laws in some places aim to protect whistleblowers from retaliation.
How To Buy Essays Online Tips To Select The Best Writing CompanyAshley Smith
This document provides a 5-step guide for buying essays online, including registering with a writing service, completing an order form, reviewing bids from writers, choosing a writer based on qualifications, and authorizing payment after receiving a satisfactory paper. It emphasizes creating an account, providing instructions and deadlines in the order form, utilizing a bidding system to select the best writer, and having the option to request revisions until fully satisfied with the completed work. Plagiarism is not tolerated and refunds are offered if plagiarized content is provided.
This document discusses the issue of modern-day human trafficking and slavery. It notes that there are an estimated 27 million people currently enslaved worldwide, more than at any other time in history. Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that exploits victims for forced labor, sex work, and other forms of exploitation. While trafficking occurs all over the world, the document outlines that it is a particular problem in the United States, with over 100,000 women and children trafficked into the country each year. Steps that individuals and organizations can take to fight human trafficking are presented.
The document discusses various principles of fraud including:
1) Definitions of fraud, corporate fraud, management fraud, and financial statement fraud.
2) The fraud triangle consisting of pressure/motivation, opportunity, and rationalization as the three elements common to every fraud.
3) Characteristics of typical fraudsters including that they are usually someone trusted and not initially suspected, and profiles of high-level and low-level thieves.
4) Taxonomies used to classify fraud including against customers/investors, criminal/civil, for/against the company, and internal/external fraud.
5) The "fraud tree" categorizing fraud into fraudulent statements, asset
Human trafficking is a major criminal industry that generates billions in profits each year through the exploitation of an estimated 2.5 million victims internationally. It involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to exploit individuals for commercial sex acts or forced labor. While human smuggling involves cross-border transportation with the eventual release of individuals, trafficking victims are controlled through violence, debt bondage or other punishments upon arrival at their destination.
Organi-cultural deviance 2013- White Collar Crime & CriminalityJoe Collins
This document summarizes a presentation on organizational deviance and white collar crime. It discusses how corporate culture and leadership can enable criminal behaviors when goals emphasize profits over ethics. Deviant organizations exhibit traits like illusion of invulnerability, groupthink, and pressure to conform. Examples provided include corruption in government, toxic leadership at firms like Lehman Brothers, and parallels between criminal gangs and some corporations. The document advocates reducing unethical behavior through clarity on standards, role modeling, achievable goals, transparency, and enforcement.
This document provides an overview of money laundering and financing of terrorism. It defines money laundering and outlines the three main stages of the money laundering process: placement, layering, and integration. It also discusses the global scale of money laundering, common predicate crimes, and legal and illegal sources of terrorist financing. Challenges in combating money laundering are presented, along with an overview of international anti-money laundering organizations and initiatives.
Whistleblowing involves drawing public attention to wrongdoing to prevent harm. It refers to reporting misconduct within an organization. There are different types of whistleblowing, including internal and external. The purpose is typically to alert the public, protect democratic values, and stop misuse of power. Effective whistleblowing policies provide protection and procedures for reporting issues anonymously. While whistleblowing can benefit public safety, it often negatively impacts the whistleblower's career and relationships. Laws in some places aim to protect whistleblowers from retaliation.
How To Buy Essays Online Tips To Select The Best Writing CompanyAshley Smith
This document provides a 5-step guide for buying essays online, including registering with a writing service, completing an order form, reviewing bids from writers, choosing a writer based on qualifications, and authorizing payment after receiving a satisfactory paper. It emphasizes creating an account, providing instructions and deadlines in the order form, utilizing a bidding system to select the best writer, and having the option to request revisions until fully satisfied with the completed work. Plagiarism is not tolerated and refunds are offered if plagiarized content is provided.
Human Trafficking Training for Engage Now Africa-12th November 2015David Kofi Awusi
This document summarizes a training on human trafficking held by Kofi Ewusi & Associates in Ghana. The training covered definitions of human trafficking, its realities in Ghana, the legal framework, national response efforts, and the model used by Challenging Heights, an anti-slavery organization. Key points included that over 190,000 people in Ghana experience modern slavery, national response efforts are weak due to low prioritization and political issues, and Challenging Heights uses a three-tier theory of change and four-prong approach to address trafficking at individual, community and systemic levels.
This document provides an introduction to studying political scandals and defines key concepts. It discusses four reasons for studying scandals: to better understand society, why some events become scandals, the aftermath of inappropriate actions, and effects on society. Scandals are defined as involving a transgression that becomes publicly known and elicits a response. Scandals typically involve two stages - the substantive stage where the transgression occurs and a procedural stage of political response. Cultural values influence what qualifies as a scandal.
The document provides an overview of money laundering including its origins, definition, process and methods. It describes how illegally obtained money is concealed through a series of transactions to make it appear legitimate. The three step process involves placement into the financial system, layering through complex transactions, and integration back into the legal economy. Common techniques include structuring deposits, shell companies, and investing in legitimate businesses. International organizations like FATF play a key role in setting anti-money laundering standards and monitoring compliance.
This presentation provides the fundamental perspectives on what corruption is within groups and societies. These concepts provide the foundation for tackling the "abuse of public power for private gain" that is the soul of UNCAC and the global fight against corruption. The concepts presenting in this presentation are used to strengthen organizational development in many organizations in methods that are critical to preventing corruption and more economical than the forensic investigations, and critical but challenging prosecution and conviction of corruption cases.
The presentation is part of a series of training modules developed by anti-corrupiton expert Brian Pinkowski for organizations and national institutions in response to the question: How to Fight Corruption
How to Check an Essay for Plagiarism: 15 Steps (with Pictures). How to check the paper for plagiarism? Essay Sample - 590 Words - NerdySeal. Plagiarism Checker 2000 Words : Use these plagiarism checker apps and .... Top 10 Best Plagiarism Checking Tools for University Students - 2023 .... Paper checker plagiarism. Plagiarism Checker Find out if your paper is .... Plagiarism Checker for Essays Online - Essay Paper Similarity Check .... How to Check a Paper for Plagiarism With Grammarly? - Financesonline.com.
Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation IMPOWR
The inaugural edition of the Global Slavery Index 2013 provides a ranking of 162 countries around the world, based on a combined measure of three factors: estimated prevalence of modern slavery by population, a measure of child marriage, and a measure of human trafficking in and out of a country. The Index provides a quantitative ranking of 162 countries around the world according to the estimated prevalence of slavery, that is, the estimated percentage of enslaved people in the national population at a point in time. The Index also provides an estimate of the size of the modern slavery problem, country by country.
The Global Slavery Index is the product of the Walk Free Foundation, in consultation with experts from international organizations, think tanks and academic institutions. The Index is endorsed by political leaders such as Hillary Clinton, Tony Abbott, Gordon Brown, Gareth Evans and Julia Gillard; philanthropists such as Bill Gates and Mo Ibrahim; and expert humanitarians such as Muhammad Yunus, Luis C’deBaca and Louise Arbour.
From forced labour on cannabis farms in the UK to the child workers in the cocoa industry of Côte d’Ivoire, an estimated 29.8 million people are enslaved today. The Global Slavery Index is your guide to modern slavery, country by country.
http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/
This is the first edition of the Global Slavery Index. It is the first Index of its kind – providing an estimate, country by country, of the number of people living in modern slavery today.
The Global Slavery Index 2013 measures the size of the modern slavery problem, country by country. The Index provides a quantitative ranking of 162 countries around the world according to the estimated prevalence of slavery, that is, the estimated percentage of enslaved people in the national population at a point in time. The Global Slavery Index also examines the risk factors and outlines the strength of the government responses in the fight against modern slavery.
Bribes in International Business 11-22-12Andrea Hunt
This document summarizes the status of bribery in international business. It discusses that bribery has political, social and economic consequences. It then outlines international efforts by various countries and organizations since the 1970s to criminalize bribery of foreign officials. These include the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, and the UN Convention against Corruption. Private organizations have also implemented principles to prevent bribery. While progress has been made, ongoing enforcement and transparency efforts are still needed to fully address this issue.
The document discusses human trafficking, defining it as the recruitment, transportation or harboring of people through force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. It outlines how trafficking involves exploiting people through means like forced labor, sex work or organ removal. It discusses common tactics traffickers use to control victims, including taking identification documents, isolating them from friends/family and using threats. It provides resources for reporting trafficking and ways for people to help address the issue.
The document discusses human trafficking, defining it as the recruitment, transportation or harboring of people through force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. It outlines how trafficking involves exploiting people through means like forced labor, sex work or organ removal. It discusses common tactics traffickers use to control victims, including taking identification documents, isolating them from friends/family and using threats. It provides resources for reporting trafficking and ways for people to help address the issue.
The document discusses how an organization's structure influences its behavior, specifically regarding decision making and workforce management/control. An organization's structure determines how efficiently it can achieve strategic goals. A hierarchical structure concentrates power and decision making at the top, while a flat structure decentralizes it. Structure also affects communication flows and workforce autonomy levels. Overall, structure significantly shapes organizational processes and outcomes.
On Human Trafficking, Migration, and Sex Workimmigrantdoll
A presentation by a sex worker and undocumented immigrant. Includes citations and should work int the presentations. Email me if certain parts are not working! gildamerlot@fastmail.com
If the links don't work try these links instead https://drive.google.com/file/d/12PeKNfDondeE4YilV8AfGOZUgm4fvdDD/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PLwzVUK2lFB69UfL4RjQGtqH_XFS2jzD/view?usp=sharing
1.7 Save the Dogs and Other Animals in Romania: How to Build Up a Charity Sta...Dogs Trust
The document outlines the history and development of an animal charity called Save the Dogs in Romania from 1980 to present. It began with individuals shocked by the treatment of stray dogs who eventually relocated to Romania to start their own charity from scratch. Over decades, they learned lessons around carefully selecting staff, understanding local culture, networking, prioritizing efforts, and adapting to challenges in the developing country. Through relentless work and adapting their approach over time, the charity has expanded its facilities, increased animals helped, and built a network of partners to better aid the country's stray animals.
Global Warming Persuasive Essay. How to write an essay on global warming. Gl...Morgan Daniels
Persuasive Essay Sample: Global Warming | HandMadeWriting Blog. Write A Short Essay On Global Warming - Global Warming Argument Essay. Buy Original Essay & argumentative essay global climate change. How to Write Persuasive Essay on Global Warming: Suggestions, Solutions ....
This document discusses definitions of corruption from legal, socio-economic, and anthropological perspectives. It notes that corruption has complex definitions that vary based on context. Corruption is defined broadly by the EU as "the abuse of power for private gain." The document also outlines typologies, forms, causes, and challenges of corruption. Key challenges include the contextual nature of corruption and difficulties assessing and monitoring it.
This presentation delineates between Bribery and Corruption. It offers a description of the current state of corruption in Ghana and suggest pragmatic ways of tackling the menace.
The Lakeland High School FBLA chapter traveled from New York to Chicago for the National Leadership Conference, where seven of their members would compete in various business-related competitions after qualifying at the state level. The National Leadership Conference is FBLA's largest annual event and gives members a chance to test their skills against the best in their fields. Lakeland High School FBLA members were excited for the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage in Chicago.
The Lakeland High School FBLA chapter traveled from New York to Chicago for the National Leadership Conference, where seven of their members would compete in various business-related competitions after qualifying at the state level. The National Leadership Conference is FBLA's largest annual event and gives members a chance to test their skills against the best in their fields. Lakeland High School FBLA members were excited for the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage in Chicago.
The Lakeland High School FBLA chapter traveled from New York to Chicago for the National Leadership Conference, where seven of their members would compete in various business-related competitions after qualifying at the state level. The National Leadership Conference is FBLA's largest annual event and gives members a chance to test their skills against the best in their fields. Lakeland High School FBLA members were excited for the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage in Chicago.
The document discusses concepts related to fourth generation warfare, including systems disruption, effects-based operations, global guerillas, and long-tail insurgencies. It notes that fourth generation warfare allows groups to undermine states economically and morally over long periods. Key questions are which side can adapt faster (global guerillas likely over states), and whether states can compete given their slow organizational learning. The document suggests global guerilla networks may be able to match or surpass states' collective intelligence through open-source networks and emergent intelligence from decentralized groups.
Human Trafficking Training for Engage Now Africa-12th November 2015David Kofi Awusi
This document summarizes a training on human trafficking held by Kofi Ewusi & Associates in Ghana. The training covered definitions of human trafficking, its realities in Ghana, the legal framework, national response efforts, and the model used by Challenging Heights, an anti-slavery organization. Key points included that over 190,000 people in Ghana experience modern slavery, national response efforts are weak due to low prioritization and political issues, and Challenging Heights uses a three-tier theory of change and four-prong approach to address trafficking at individual, community and systemic levels.
This document provides an introduction to studying political scandals and defines key concepts. It discusses four reasons for studying scandals: to better understand society, why some events become scandals, the aftermath of inappropriate actions, and effects on society. Scandals are defined as involving a transgression that becomes publicly known and elicits a response. Scandals typically involve two stages - the substantive stage where the transgression occurs and a procedural stage of political response. Cultural values influence what qualifies as a scandal.
The document provides an overview of money laundering including its origins, definition, process and methods. It describes how illegally obtained money is concealed through a series of transactions to make it appear legitimate. The three step process involves placement into the financial system, layering through complex transactions, and integration back into the legal economy. Common techniques include structuring deposits, shell companies, and investing in legitimate businesses. International organizations like FATF play a key role in setting anti-money laundering standards and monitoring compliance.
This presentation provides the fundamental perspectives on what corruption is within groups and societies. These concepts provide the foundation for tackling the "abuse of public power for private gain" that is the soul of UNCAC and the global fight against corruption. The concepts presenting in this presentation are used to strengthen organizational development in many organizations in methods that are critical to preventing corruption and more economical than the forensic investigations, and critical but challenging prosecution and conviction of corruption cases.
The presentation is part of a series of training modules developed by anti-corrupiton expert Brian Pinkowski for organizations and national institutions in response to the question: How to Fight Corruption
How to Check an Essay for Plagiarism: 15 Steps (with Pictures). How to check the paper for plagiarism? Essay Sample - 590 Words - NerdySeal. Plagiarism Checker 2000 Words : Use these plagiarism checker apps and .... Top 10 Best Plagiarism Checking Tools for University Students - 2023 .... Paper checker plagiarism. Plagiarism Checker Find out if your paper is .... Plagiarism Checker for Essays Online - Essay Paper Similarity Check .... How to Check a Paper for Plagiarism With Grammarly? - Financesonline.com.
Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation IMPOWR
The inaugural edition of the Global Slavery Index 2013 provides a ranking of 162 countries around the world, based on a combined measure of three factors: estimated prevalence of modern slavery by population, a measure of child marriage, and a measure of human trafficking in and out of a country. The Index provides a quantitative ranking of 162 countries around the world according to the estimated prevalence of slavery, that is, the estimated percentage of enslaved people in the national population at a point in time. The Index also provides an estimate of the size of the modern slavery problem, country by country.
The Global Slavery Index is the product of the Walk Free Foundation, in consultation with experts from international organizations, think tanks and academic institutions. The Index is endorsed by political leaders such as Hillary Clinton, Tony Abbott, Gordon Brown, Gareth Evans and Julia Gillard; philanthropists such as Bill Gates and Mo Ibrahim; and expert humanitarians such as Muhammad Yunus, Luis C’deBaca and Louise Arbour.
From forced labour on cannabis farms in the UK to the child workers in the cocoa industry of Côte d’Ivoire, an estimated 29.8 million people are enslaved today. The Global Slavery Index is your guide to modern slavery, country by country.
http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/
This is the first edition of the Global Slavery Index. It is the first Index of its kind – providing an estimate, country by country, of the number of people living in modern slavery today.
The Global Slavery Index 2013 measures the size of the modern slavery problem, country by country. The Index provides a quantitative ranking of 162 countries around the world according to the estimated prevalence of slavery, that is, the estimated percentage of enslaved people in the national population at a point in time. The Global Slavery Index also examines the risk factors and outlines the strength of the government responses in the fight against modern slavery.
Bribes in International Business 11-22-12Andrea Hunt
This document summarizes the status of bribery in international business. It discusses that bribery has political, social and economic consequences. It then outlines international efforts by various countries and organizations since the 1970s to criminalize bribery of foreign officials. These include the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, and the UN Convention against Corruption. Private organizations have also implemented principles to prevent bribery. While progress has been made, ongoing enforcement and transparency efforts are still needed to fully address this issue.
The document discusses human trafficking, defining it as the recruitment, transportation or harboring of people through force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. It outlines how trafficking involves exploiting people through means like forced labor, sex work or organ removal. It discusses common tactics traffickers use to control victims, including taking identification documents, isolating them from friends/family and using threats. It provides resources for reporting trafficking and ways for people to help address the issue.
The document discusses human trafficking, defining it as the recruitment, transportation or harboring of people through force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. It outlines how trafficking involves exploiting people through means like forced labor, sex work or organ removal. It discusses common tactics traffickers use to control victims, including taking identification documents, isolating them from friends/family and using threats. It provides resources for reporting trafficking and ways for people to help address the issue.
The document discusses how an organization's structure influences its behavior, specifically regarding decision making and workforce management/control. An organization's structure determines how efficiently it can achieve strategic goals. A hierarchical structure concentrates power and decision making at the top, while a flat structure decentralizes it. Structure also affects communication flows and workforce autonomy levels. Overall, structure significantly shapes organizational processes and outcomes.
On Human Trafficking, Migration, and Sex Workimmigrantdoll
A presentation by a sex worker and undocumented immigrant. Includes citations and should work int the presentations. Email me if certain parts are not working! gildamerlot@fastmail.com
If the links don't work try these links instead https://drive.google.com/file/d/12PeKNfDondeE4YilV8AfGOZUgm4fvdDD/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PLwzVUK2lFB69UfL4RjQGtqH_XFS2jzD/view?usp=sharing
1.7 Save the Dogs and Other Animals in Romania: How to Build Up a Charity Sta...Dogs Trust
The document outlines the history and development of an animal charity called Save the Dogs in Romania from 1980 to present. It began with individuals shocked by the treatment of stray dogs who eventually relocated to Romania to start their own charity from scratch. Over decades, they learned lessons around carefully selecting staff, understanding local culture, networking, prioritizing efforts, and adapting to challenges in the developing country. Through relentless work and adapting their approach over time, the charity has expanded its facilities, increased animals helped, and built a network of partners to better aid the country's stray animals.
Global Warming Persuasive Essay. How to write an essay on global warming. Gl...Morgan Daniels
Persuasive Essay Sample: Global Warming | HandMadeWriting Blog. Write A Short Essay On Global Warming - Global Warming Argument Essay. Buy Original Essay & argumentative essay global climate change. How to Write Persuasive Essay on Global Warming: Suggestions, Solutions ....
This document discusses definitions of corruption from legal, socio-economic, and anthropological perspectives. It notes that corruption has complex definitions that vary based on context. Corruption is defined broadly by the EU as "the abuse of power for private gain." The document also outlines typologies, forms, causes, and challenges of corruption. Key challenges include the contextual nature of corruption and difficulties assessing and monitoring it.
This presentation delineates between Bribery and Corruption. It offers a description of the current state of corruption in Ghana and suggest pragmatic ways of tackling the menace.
The Lakeland High School FBLA chapter traveled from New York to Chicago for the National Leadership Conference, where seven of their members would compete in various business-related competitions after qualifying at the state level. The National Leadership Conference is FBLA's largest annual event and gives members a chance to test their skills against the best in their fields. Lakeland High School FBLA members were excited for the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage in Chicago.
The Lakeland High School FBLA chapter traveled from New York to Chicago for the National Leadership Conference, where seven of their members would compete in various business-related competitions after qualifying at the state level. The National Leadership Conference is FBLA's largest annual event and gives members a chance to test their skills against the best in their fields. Lakeland High School FBLA members were excited for the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage in Chicago.
The Lakeland High School FBLA chapter traveled from New York to Chicago for the National Leadership Conference, where seven of their members would compete in various business-related competitions after qualifying at the state level. The National Leadership Conference is FBLA's largest annual event and gives members a chance to test their skills against the best in their fields. Lakeland High School FBLA members were excited for the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage in Chicago.
The document discusses concepts related to fourth generation warfare, including systems disruption, effects-based operations, global guerillas, and long-tail insurgencies. It notes that fourth generation warfare allows groups to undermine states economically and morally over long periods. Key questions are which side can adapt faster (global guerillas likely over states), and whether states can compete given their slow organizational learning. The document suggests global guerilla networks may be able to match or surpass states' collective intelligence through open-source networks and emergent intelligence from decentralized groups.
Similar to Martens Human Trafficking In Conflict (20)
1. Trafficking in
Persons in
Conflict Zonesby
Jonathan Martens
Programme Specialist
Migration Management Department
Geneva, Switzerland
May 19, 2009 – Geneva
2. 1 OVERVIEW OF
2 INTRO TO TIP
3 TIP IN 4 5
CONFLICT IOM’S END
Learning Objectives
IOM AND TIP
ZONES APPROACH
OUTLINE
1. Overview of IOM.
2. Introduction to Trafficking in
Persons
3. Trafficking in Persons in Conflict
Zones
4. IOM’s Approach to Countering
Trafficking
3. 1 OVERVIEW OF
2 INTRO TO TIP
3 TIP IN 4 5
CONFLICT IOM’S END
IOM
IOM AND TIP
ZONES APPROACH
IOM is…
THE MIGRATION AGENCY
The global, intergovernmental
organization dealing with the entire
range of migration issues.
125 member states and 89 observer
states
420 field locations in more than 120
countries
Approx. 6,000 staff
Approx. 2,000 programmes – about
4. 1
OVERVIEW OF
2 INTRO TO TIP
3 TIP IN 4 5
CONFLICT IOM’S END
IOM AND TIP
ZONES APPROACH
WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
5. Human Trafficking is…
A Process that is
commonly described An organized
by 3 steps: crime;
1. Recruitment A violation of
2. Transportation
3. Exploitation
human rights;
…of a person. A business which
earns organized
criminal groups
approximately
$32bn/year;
A problem which
may affect
between 600,000
6. Root Causes and
Contributing Factors
Push Factors – egs.
Relative disparity Root Causes:
Socio-political
instability
Profit motive
Discriminatory Demand for cheap
cultural practices and labour and services,
attitudes
including sexual
Environmental
degradation services
Q: Is human
Pull Factors – eg.
trafficking a new
Desire for better
opportunities – incl. problem?
education,
7. No! Related Instruments
1904 International Agreement for the Suppression of the
White Slave Traffic
1926 Slavery Convention
1930 C29 Forced Labour Convention
1933 International Convention for the Suppression of Traffic
in Women of Full Age
1949 Convention for the Suppression of Traffic in Persons
1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery,
the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to
Slavery
1957 ILO Convention No.105 concerning the Abolition of
Forced Labour
1973 ILO Convention No.138 concerning Minimum Age for
Admission to Employment
1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child
1999 C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
2000 Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,
and
8. TIP Protocol Definition
3 key
Art 3(a): “Trafficking in persons” elements:
shall mean
…the recruitment,
transportation, transfer, → Action…
harbouring or receipt of
persons
…by means of force or other → Means…
forms of coercion, of
abduction, of fraud, of
deception, of the abuse of
power or of a position of
vulnerability or of the giving
or receiving of payments or
benefits to achieve the
consent of a person having
control over another
person,
→ Purpose…
9. TIP Protocol
Definition:
Exploitation
…Exploitation shall
include, at a
minimum, the
exploitation of the
prostitution of
others, or other
forms of sexual
exploitation, forced
labour or services,
slavery or practices
similar to slavery,
servitude or the
removal of organs...
10. 1OVERVIEW OF
2 INTRO TO TIP
3 TIP IN 4 5
CONFLICT IOM’S END
IOM AND TIP
ZONES APPROACH
TIP in conflict zones Amplify pressure of
have similar push factors in
characteristics as particular
elsewhere.
Undermine traditional
support structures
But, conflicts can…
Encourage high risk
migration
Create favourable
conditions for organized
criminal groups to
expand
Create new markets for
traffickers (eg.
11. the Challenge of
Identification
How do you think you 1. Relocated to an environment
would feel if you where you didn’t understand
were: the language, customs ?
2. Deprived of all your
identification documents ?
3. Debt bonded for $100,000 ?
4. Confined to one room or one
house for 6 months ?
5. Beaten and otherwise
? How likely would you be to assaulted ?
seek assistance? 6. Knew that the safety of your
family depended on your
? Would you cooperate with cooperation ?
law enforcement officials? 7. Saw your abuser’s best
friends wearing police
12. Identifying Victims is
Not Easy
Trafficked persons…
2. May not speak local
language
3. May not see themselves
as victims
4. May feel responsible for a
family debt
5. May not trust police
6. Fear their traffickers
7. May suffer “Stockholm
Syndrome”
8. May have PTSD & Memory
loss
13. Common Reactions How Reactions may be Manifest
in Service Setting
Fear, Insecurity, Reluctance to meet people, to go outside, to be
Anxiety alone; trembling or heart racing, insomnia or
nightmares
Mistrust of Others Reluctance to disclose information; giving false
information
Mistrust of Self; low Passivity; difficulty trusting one’s decisions or
self esteem planning for future; hyper-sensitivity to outside
Self-blame, Guilt, influences expressing oneself; reluctance to
Difficulty in
Shame undergo physical exams or participate in group
therapy
Anger Hostility towards support personnel; self-
inflicted physical harm; overreacting;
Memory Lapses; unwillingness to participate answer questions;
Unwillingness to respond or
Dissociation altering past events; Inability to recall details or
Isolation, entire passages of time
Sadness, depression, disengagement from
Loneliness others and activities, lethargy; self-absorbed;
believing no one can understand
Dependence, Desire to please; easily influenced; inability to
Subservience or assert self or personal preferences; regular
Defensiveness complaining; reluctance to accept assistance or
14. 1 2 3 4 5
OVERVIEW OF
IOM’s Approach
IOM AND TIP
INTRO TO TIP
TIP IN
CONFLICT
ZONES
IOM’S
APPROACH
END
to Counter Trafficking
IOM has been working
actively to counter
trafficking since Consists of…:
1996/7. Research and Data
Collection
Implemented approx.
500 projects in 85 Prevention
countries
Provided direct Institutional Capacity
assistance to approx. Building
20,000 trafficked
persons Victim Protection and
Assistance
Pursue a
comprehensive
15. Thank You!
For more information, please
contact:
Jonathan Martens
IOM Geneva
jmartens@iom.int
avrctmms@iom.int
International Organization for
Migration (IOM)
17 Route des Morillons
CH-1211 Geneva 19 – Switzerland
www.iom.int