Media and SocietyMedia HistoryJOHN DEWEY – 185.docxalfredacavx97
Media and Society
Media History
JOHN DEWEY – 1859-1952
Harold A. Innis
1894-1952
Marshall McLuhan – 1911-1980
Walter J. Ong, S.J.
1912-2003
Robert W. McChesney – 1952-
Three Historical Narratives:
Oral to Electronic Culture
Oral Culture – all interactions take place in face-to-face discussions.
Written Culture – a shared system of inscription in a literate society exists so that communication can take place outside of face-to-face discussions across time and space.
Print Culture – an expansion of Written Culture that encompasses the consequent social and cultural changes that result from the proliferation of printer material.
Electronic Culture – communication transcends time and space.
There is a different sense of time in Oral Culture, according to Ong.
Since there are no records, memory cannot be recorded. History
can only reside in the present, in the telling of the story. Memory
is thematic and formulaic. The story may vary very little from telling to
telling over time, but the words and phrases used may differ.
Performance is the key to authorship. Every time a story is told or a work is
performed, it is shaped by the performer and provides a new model for future performances.
Oral cultures are relatively homogeneous with respect to knowledge and social norms but public and shared across generations.
Written Culture, according to McLuhan , has been the means of creating
‘civilized man.’
According to Innis, written communication allowed societies to persevere through time by creating durable texts which could be handed down and referred to. This allowed for control of knowledge by certain hierarchies and also allowed for centralized control to expand over a wider area.
Audiences could be remote in time and space, and the communicator could guarantee that the message received is identical to the one sent without having to rely on the memory of the messenger. The communicator could reach a wider and more disparate audience.
Print Culture – the ability to mechanically reproduce text freed writing
from its reliance on an elite group of individuals and guaranteed that
each copy of the text would be identical to every other copy.
Printing was instrumental in the development of a secular society and in the establishment of a democracy among the upper classes in early
modern Europe, according to historian, Elizabeth Eisenstein.
Printing reinforced the sense of individuality and privacy and makes
Introspection possible.
Printing enabled the emergence of the newspaper and the novel, and
altered the very structure of human consciousness and thought.
Electronic Culture – the telegraph reorganized people’s perception of space and time; it enabled the transmission of messages across space, and it fostered a rational reorganization of time. The telegraph also separated transportation from communication.
According to Innis, electronic culture allows for a new fo.
Media and SocietyMedia HistoryJOHN DEWEY – 185.docxjessiehampson
Media and Society
Media History
JOHN DEWEY – 1859-1952
Harold A. Innis
1894-1952
Marshall McLuhan – 1911-1980
Walter J. Ong, S.J.
1912-2003
Robert W. McChesney – 1952-
Three Historical Narratives:
Oral to Electronic Culture
Oral Culture – all interactions take place in face-to-face discussions.
Written Culture – a shared system of inscription in a literate society exists so that communication can take place outside of face-to-face discussions across time and space.
Print Culture – an expansion of Written Culture that encompasses the consequent social and cultural changes that result from the proliferation of printer material.
Electronic Culture – communication transcends time and space.
There is a different sense of time in Oral Culture, according to Ong.
Since there are no records, memory cannot be recorded. History
can only reside in the present, in the telling of the story. Memory
is thematic and formulaic. The story may vary very little from telling to
telling over time, but the words and phrases used may differ.
Performance is the key to authorship. Every time a story is told or a work is
performed, it is shaped by the performer and provides a new model for future performances.
Oral cultures are relatively homogeneous with respect to knowledge and social norms but public and shared across generations.
Written Culture, according to McLuhan , has been the means of creating
‘civilized man.’
According to Innis, written communication allowed societies to persevere through time by creating durable texts which could be handed down and referred to. This allowed for control of knowledge by certain hierarchies and also allowed for centralized control to expand over a wider area.
Audiences could be remote in time and space, and the communicator could guarantee that the message received is identical to the one sent without having to rely on the memory of the messenger. The communicator could reach a wider and more disparate audience.
Print Culture – the ability to mechanically reproduce text freed writing
from its reliance on an elite group of individuals and guaranteed that
each copy of the text would be identical to every other copy.
Printing was instrumental in the development of a secular society and in the establishment of a democracy among the upper classes in early
modern Europe, according to historian, Elizabeth Eisenstein.
Printing reinforced the sense of individuality and privacy and makes
Introspection possible.
Printing enabled the emergence of the newspaper and the novel, and
altered the very structure of human consciousness and thought.
Electronic Culture – the telegraph reorganized people’s perception of space and time; it enabled the transmission of messages across space, and it fostered a rational reorganization of time. The telegraph also separated transportation from communication.
According to Innis, electronic culture allows for a new fo.
Media and SocietyMedia HistoryJOHN DEWEY – 185.docxalfredacavx97
Media and Society
Media History
JOHN DEWEY – 1859-1952
Harold A. Innis
1894-1952
Marshall McLuhan – 1911-1980
Walter J. Ong, S.J.
1912-2003
Robert W. McChesney – 1952-
Three Historical Narratives:
Oral to Electronic Culture
Oral Culture – all interactions take place in face-to-face discussions.
Written Culture – a shared system of inscription in a literate society exists so that communication can take place outside of face-to-face discussions across time and space.
Print Culture – an expansion of Written Culture that encompasses the consequent social and cultural changes that result from the proliferation of printer material.
Electronic Culture – communication transcends time and space.
There is a different sense of time in Oral Culture, according to Ong.
Since there are no records, memory cannot be recorded. History
can only reside in the present, in the telling of the story. Memory
is thematic and formulaic. The story may vary very little from telling to
telling over time, but the words and phrases used may differ.
Performance is the key to authorship. Every time a story is told or a work is
performed, it is shaped by the performer and provides a new model for future performances.
Oral cultures are relatively homogeneous with respect to knowledge and social norms but public and shared across generations.
Written Culture, according to McLuhan , has been the means of creating
‘civilized man.’
According to Innis, written communication allowed societies to persevere through time by creating durable texts which could be handed down and referred to. This allowed for control of knowledge by certain hierarchies and also allowed for centralized control to expand over a wider area.
Audiences could be remote in time and space, and the communicator could guarantee that the message received is identical to the one sent without having to rely on the memory of the messenger. The communicator could reach a wider and more disparate audience.
Print Culture – the ability to mechanically reproduce text freed writing
from its reliance on an elite group of individuals and guaranteed that
each copy of the text would be identical to every other copy.
Printing was instrumental in the development of a secular society and in the establishment of a democracy among the upper classes in early
modern Europe, according to historian, Elizabeth Eisenstein.
Printing reinforced the sense of individuality and privacy and makes
Introspection possible.
Printing enabled the emergence of the newspaper and the novel, and
altered the very structure of human consciousness and thought.
Electronic Culture – the telegraph reorganized people’s perception of space and time; it enabled the transmission of messages across space, and it fostered a rational reorganization of time. The telegraph also separated transportation from communication.
According to Innis, electronic culture allows for a new fo.
Media and SocietyMedia HistoryJOHN DEWEY – 185.docxjessiehampson
Media and Society
Media History
JOHN DEWEY – 1859-1952
Harold A. Innis
1894-1952
Marshall McLuhan – 1911-1980
Walter J. Ong, S.J.
1912-2003
Robert W. McChesney – 1952-
Three Historical Narratives:
Oral to Electronic Culture
Oral Culture – all interactions take place in face-to-face discussions.
Written Culture – a shared system of inscription in a literate society exists so that communication can take place outside of face-to-face discussions across time and space.
Print Culture – an expansion of Written Culture that encompasses the consequent social and cultural changes that result from the proliferation of printer material.
Electronic Culture – communication transcends time and space.
There is a different sense of time in Oral Culture, according to Ong.
Since there are no records, memory cannot be recorded. History
can only reside in the present, in the telling of the story. Memory
is thematic and formulaic. The story may vary very little from telling to
telling over time, but the words and phrases used may differ.
Performance is the key to authorship. Every time a story is told or a work is
performed, it is shaped by the performer and provides a new model for future performances.
Oral cultures are relatively homogeneous with respect to knowledge and social norms but public and shared across generations.
Written Culture, according to McLuhan , has been the means of creating
‘civilized man.’
According to Innis, written communication allowed societies to persevere through time by creating durable texts which could be handed down and referred to. This allowed for control of knowledge by certain hierarchies and also allowed for centralized control to expand over a wider area.
Audiences could be remote in time and space, and the communicator could guarantee that the message received is identical to the one sent without having to rely on the memory of the messenger. The communicator could reach a wider and more disparate audience.
Print Culture – the ability to mechanically reproduce text freed writing
from its reliance on an elite group of individuals and guaranteed that
each copy of the text would be identical to every other copy.
Printing was instrumental in the development of a secular society and in the establishment of a democracy among the upper classes in early
modern Europe, according to historian, Elizabeth Eisenstein.
Printing reinforced the sense of individuality and privacy and makes
Introspection possible.
Printing enabled the emergence of the newspaper and the novel, and
altered the very structure of human consciousness and thought.
Electronic Culture – the telegraph reorganized people’s perception of space and time; it enabled the transmission of messages across space, and it fostered a rational reorganization of time. The telegraph also separated transportation from communication.
According to Innis, electronic culture allows for a new fo.
Community-Building for Organizations Managing Change Using New Media
Guest lecture presented by Prof. Dean Kruckeberg, University of North Carolina at London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, 15th May 2014
Rethinking Media and Cultural Studies: A Journey through Paradigms and TurnsYiğit Kalafatoğlu
Considering the last century, we see that experts and scholars from various fields such as communication, philosophy, history, sociology, and psychology are interested on media and communication studies. Several movements like positivism, interpretivism, interactionism, Marxism and neo-Marxism has shaped the way scholars pointed out their theories.
Media theory of Marshall McLuhan, brief history of mass production and objectified society and ways to use that knowledge to determine trends in the current media landscape.
Social media refers to online platforms and tools that enable users to create, share, and exchange information, ideas, and content in virtual communities and networks. These platforms have revolutionized the way people communicate, interact, and consume information. Here are some key aspects and descriptions of social media:
Grow Your Reddit Community Fast.........SocioCosmos
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Community-Building for Organizations Managing Change Using New Media
Guest lecture presented by Prof. Dean Kruckeberg, University of North Carolina at London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, 15th May 2014
Rethinking Media and Cultural Studies: A Journey through Paradigms and TurnsYiğit Kalafatoğlu
Considering the last century, we see that experts and scholars from various fields such as communication, philosophy, history, sociology, and psychology are interested on media and communication studies. Several movements like positivism, interpretivism, interactionism, Marxism and neo-Marxism has shaped the way scholars pointed out their theories.
Media theory of Marshall McLuhan, brief history of mass production and objectified society and ways to use that knowledge to determine trends in the current media landscape.
Social media refers to online platforms and tools that enable users to create, share, and exchange information, ideas, and content in virtual communities and networks. These platforms have revolutionized the way people communicate, interact, and consume information. Here are some key aspects and descriptions of social media:
Grow Your Reddit Community Fast.........SocioCosmos
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Enhance your social media strategy with the best digital marketing agency in Kolkata. This PPT covers 7 essential tips for effective social media marketing, offering practical advice and actionable insights to help you boost engagement, reach your target audience, and grow your online presence.
Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm RiskAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine how ESG disclosure and risk disclosure affect the total risk of
companies. Using cross section data from 355 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, data regarding
ESG disclosure and risk was collected. In this research, ESG and risk disclosures are measured based on content
analysis using GRI 4 guidelines for ESG disclosures and COSO ERM for risk disclosures. Using multiple
regression, it is concluded that only risk disclosure can reduce the company's total risk, while ESG disclosure
cannot affect the company's total risk. This shows that only risk disclosure is relevant in determining a
company's total risk.
KEYWORDS: ESG disclosure, risk disclosure, firm risk
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“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
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How social media marketing helps businesses in 2024.pdfpramodkumar2310
Social media marketing refers to the process of utilizing social media platforms to promote products, services, or brands. It involves creating and sharing valuable content, engaging with followers, analyzing data, and running targeted advertising campaigns.
www.nidmindia.com
Get Ahead with YouTube Growth Services....SocioCosmos
Get noticed on YouTube by buying authentic engagement. Sociocosmos helps you grow your channel quickly and effectively.
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Multilingual SEO Services | Multilingual Keyword Research | Filosemadisonsmith478075
Multilingual SEO services are essential for businesses aiming to expand their global presence. They involve optimizing a website for search engines in multiple languages, enhancing visibility, and reaching diverse audiences. Filose offers comprehensive multilingual SEO services designed to help businesses optimize their websites for search engines in various languages, enhancing their global reach and market presence. These services ensure that your content is not only translated but also culturally and contextually adapted to resonate with local audiences.
Visit us at -https://www.filose.com/
The Challenges of Good Governance and Project Implementation in Nigeria: A Re...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study reveals that systemic corruption and other factors including poor leadership,
leadership recruitment processes, ethnic and regional politics, tribalism and mediocrity, poor planning, and
variation of project design have been the causative factors that undermine projects implementation in postindependence African states, particularly in Nigeria. The study, thus, argued that successive governments of
African states, using Nigeria as a case study, have been deeply engrossed in this obnoxious practice that has
undermined infrastructure sector development as well as enthroned impoverishment and mass poverty in these
African countries. This study, therefore, is posed to examine the similarities in causative factors, effects and
consequences of corruption and how it affects governance, projects implementation and national growth. To
achieve this, the study adopted historical research design which is qualitative and explorative in nature. The
study among others suggests that the governments of developing countries should shun corruption and other
forms of obnoxious practices in order to operate effective and efficient systems that promote good governance
and ensure there is adequate projects implementation which are the attributes of a responsible government and
good leadership. Policy makers should also prioritize policy objectives and competence to ensure that policies
are fully implemented within stipulated time frame.
KEYWORDS: Developing Countries, Nigeria, Government, Project Implementation, Project Failure
Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
contribution to TVET institutions in promoting TVET-industry partnership.
KEY WORDS: employability skills, industries, and partnership
2. MCLUHAN’S
UNDERSTANDING MEDIA
His theory suggests that media should be understood
ecologically. Changes in technology alter the symbolic
environment ––the socially constructed, sensory world of
meanings that in turn shapes our perceptions,
experiences, attitudes, and behavior.
2
3. “THE MEDIUM IS THE
MESSAGE.”
We’re accustomed to thinking of the message as separate
from the medium itself. The medium delivers the message.
McLuhan, however, collapsed the distinction between the
message and the medium. He saw them as one and the
same.
3
4. “THE MEDIUM IS THE
MESSAGE.”
When considering the cultural influence of media,
however, we are usually misled by the illusion of content .
McLuhan argued that we focus on the content and
overlook the medium ––even though content doesn’t exist
outside of the way it’s mediated.
4
5. EXAMPLE
Instant messaging is a recent fad as society moves deeper
into the digital age. I don’t regard IM as necessary for
exchanging information. Emails and phone calls can take
care of that. For me, instant messages are a sign of
affection; they are “flirtatious.” I’ve got a crush on Ashley,
and when I see that I have an instant message from her, I
can’t help but smile—this even before I read the message.
Overshadowed by a media form that signifies intimacy
and fondness, the content seems irrelevant. The medium
is the message. 5
6. MEDIA AND MEDIUM
Media
Generic term for all human-invented technology that
extends the range, speed, or channels of communication.
Medium
A specific type of media; for example, a book, newspaper,
radio, television, telephone, film, website, or email.
6
7. MEDIA ECOLOGY
The study of different personal and social environments
created by the use of different communication
technologies.
Any understanding of social and cultural change is
impossible without a knowledge of the way media work as
environments.
But evaluating the ecology of media is difficult because all
environments are inherently intangible and interrelated.
By definition, these things are part of the background.
They are everything and nothing.
McLuhan noted that “their ground rules, pervasive
structure, and overall patterns elude easy perception.”
7
8. INVISIBILITY OF
ENVIRONMENTS
A medium shapes us because we partake of it over and
over until it becomes an extension of ourselves.
Society is shaped in accordance with the dominant
medium of the day.
It’s the ordinariness of media that makes them invisible.
When a new medium enters society, there’s a period of
time in which we’re aware of its novelty. It’s only when it
fades into the background of our lives that we’re truly
subjected to its patterns––that is, its environmental
influence. 8
9. OVER DETERMINATION OR
EQUI-FINALITY
It is a systems theory assumption that a given
outcome could be effectively caused by any or many
interconnected factors.
Because environments are incredibly intricate, there
are always a number of other factors and conditions
that opponents can claim are contributing to the
climate. For example, there is no easy formula for a
cause-and-effect relationship such as global warming
increases 0.0001 degrees for every million gallons of
gasoline burned.
9
10. A MEDIA ANALYSIS OF
HUMAN HISTORY
McLuhan divided all human history into four periods,
or epochs—a tribal age
a literate age
a print age, and
an electronic age.
10
11. 1. THE TRIBAL AGE
Tribal age An acoustic era; a time of community because
the ear is the dominant sense organ.
The omnidirectional quality of sound also enhances
community. Listening to someone speak in a group is a
unifying act. Everyone hears at the same time.
11
12. THE TRIBAL AGE CONTD.,
The spoken word is also immediate and alive. It exists
only at the moment it is heard. There is no sense of the
word as something that is fixed or objectified.
Spoken words lack materiality. In order to keep an idea or
an event alive, it must constantly be shared and reiterated
and passed down.
The ethereal quality of speech doesn’t allow for detached
analysis. In a tribal age, hearing is believing.
12
13. 2. THE AGE OF LITERACY: A
VISUAL POINT OF VIEW
Literary age A visual era; a time of private detachment
because the eye is the dominant sense organ.
Words fixed on a page detach meaning from the
immediacy of context. In an acoustic environment, taking
something out of context is nearly impossible.
13
14. AGE OF LITERACY CONTD.,
In the age of literacy, it’s a reality. Both writer and reader
are always separate from the text. Words are no longer
alive and immediate. They can be read and reread. They
can be thoroughly analyzed.
Hearing no longer becomes trustworthy. “Seeing it in
writing” becomes proof that it’s true.
14
15. AGE OF LITERACY CONTD.,
Literacy pushed people out of collective tribal involvement
into “civilized” private detachment. Reading words,
instead of hearing them, transforms group members into
individuals. Even though the words may be the same, the
act of reading a text is an individual one. It requires
singular focus. A tribe no longer needs to come together to
get information. Proximity becomes less important.
15
16. AGE OF LITERACY CONTD.,
McLuhan also claimed that the phonetic alphabet
established the line as the organizing principle in
life. In writing, letter follows letter in a connected,
orderly line. Logic is modeled on that step-by-step
linear progression.
He alleged that the invention of the alphabet
fostered the sudden emergence of mathematics,
science, and philosophy in ancient Greece.
Colonial Africa as twentieth -century evidence that
literacy triggers an ear-to-eye switch that isolates
the reader. When oppressed people learned to read,
they became independent thinkers. 16
17. 3. THE PRINT AGE:
PROTOTYPE OF THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Print age A visual era; mass produced books usher in the
industrial revolution and nationalism, yet individuals are
isolated.
Most important aspect of movable type was its ability to
reproduce the same text over and over again.
Because the print revolution demonstrated mass
production of identical products, McLuhan called it the
forerunner of the industrial revolution.
17
18. THE PRINT AGE CONTD.,
Other unintended side effects of Gutenberg’s invention
was the homogenization of fluid regional tongues into a
fixed national language was followed closely by the rise of
nationalism.
libraries provide readers with the freedom to be alienated
from others and from the immediacy of their
surroundings.
18
19. 4. THE ELECTRONIC AGE: THE
RISE OF THE GLOBAL
VILLAGE
Electronic age An era of instant communication; a return
to the global village with all-at once sound and touch.
McLuhan insisted that electronic media are re-tribalizing
the human race. Instant communication has returned us
to a pre-alphabetic oral tradition where sound and touch
are more important than sight. We’re now a global village .
19
20. Global village A worldwide electronic community where
everyone knows everyone’s business and all are somewhat
testy.
Linear logic is useless in the electronic society that
McLuhan described. Acoustic people no longer inquire, “Do
you see my point?” Instead we ask, “How does that grab
you?” What we feel is more important than what we think.
20
21. 5. THE DIGITAL AGE?
REWIRING THE GLOBAL
VILLAGE
Digital age A possible fifth era of specialized electronic
tribes contentious over diverse beliefs and values.
The mass age of electronic media is becoming increasingly
personalized. Instead of one unified electronic tribe, a
growing number of digital tribes are forming around the
most specialized ideas, beliefs, values, interests, and
fetishes.
Instead of mass consciousness we have the emergence of a
tribal warfare mentality.
21
22. HAROLD INNIS
Innis’ central focus is the social history of communication
media.
He believed that
the relative stability of cultures depends on the balance and
proportion of their media.
22
23. INNIS SAID THAT:
The key to social change is found
in the development of
communication media.
23
24. That each medium embodies a
bias in terms of the organization
and control of information.
24
25. That any empire or society is generally
concerned with duration over time and
extension in space.
25
26. TIME-BASED MEDIA
Time-biased media, such as stone and clay, are durable
and heavy. Since they are difficult to move, they do not
encourage territorial expansion; however, since they have
a long life, they do encourage the extension of empire over
time. Innis associated these media with the customary, the
sacred, and the moral.
Time-biased media facilitate the development of social
hierarchies, as archetypally exemplified by ancient Egypt.
For Innis, speech is a time-biased medium.
26
27. SPACE-BASED MEDIA
Space-biased media are light and portable; they can be
transported over large distances.
They are associated with secular and territorial societies;
they facilitate the expansion of empire over space. Paper is
such a medium; it is readily transported, but has a
relatively short lifespan.
27
28. It was Innis’ conviction that stable societies were able to
achieve a balance between time- and space-biased
communications media.
28
29. He also believed that change came from the margins of
society, since people on the margins invariably developed
their own media. The new media allow those on the
periphery to develop and consolidate power, and
ultimately to challenge the authority of the centre.
29
30. Latin written on parchment, the medium
of the Christian Church, was attacked
through the secular medium of
vernaculars written on paper.
30
31. POSTMAN’S ETHICAL REFLECTIONS
Postman believed that the forms of media regulate and
even dictate what kind of content the form of a given
medium can carry.
“A new technology sometimes creates more than it
destroys. Sometimes, it destroys more than it creates. But
it is never one-sided.”
31
32. POSTMAN
Postman argued that television is detrimental to society
because it has led to the loss of serious public discourse.
Television changes the form of information “from
discursive to non-discursive, from propositional to
presentational, from rationalistic to emotive.”
32
33. POSTMAN
Sesame Street , 60 Minutes , and Survivor all share the
same ethos—amusement. The environment of television
turns everything into entertainment and everyone into
juvenile adults.
Triviality trumps seriousness.
33
34. POSTMAN’S THREE
QUESTIONS ABOUT
TECHNOLOGY
1. What is the problem to which this technology is a
solution?
2. Whose problem is it, actually?
3. If there is a legitimate problem to be solved, what other
problems will be created by my using this technology?
His work set a precedent for considering the moral
consequences of all symbolic environments.
34
35. POSTMAN CONT…
He questioned if we were yielding too easily to the
“authority” of computation and the values of efficiency and
quantification.
whether the quest for technological progress was becoming
increasingly more important than being humane.
if information was an acceptable substitute for wisdom.
35